ASP Isotopes Inc

1. Organization

Description of Business

ASP Isotopes Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on September 13, 2021, and has its principal operations in Washington, DC. ASP Isotopes Inc.’s subsidiary ASP Isotopes Guernsey Limited (“ASP Guernsey”), has its principal operations in Guernsey. ASP Guernsey’s subsidiary, ASP Isotopes South Africa Proprietary Limited (“ASP South Africa”), has its principal operations in South Africa. ASP Rentals Proprietary Limited (“ASP Rentals”), a variable interest entity (“VIE”) of ASP South Africa, has its principal operations in South Africa. Enlightened Isotopes (Pty) Ltd (“Enlightened Isotopes”), a 80% owned subsidiary of ASP South Africa, was formed in March 2023 and began operations in January 2024. ASP Isotopes UK Ltd (“ASP UK”), a subsidiary of ASP Guernsey, was incorporated in July 2022. ASPI South Africa Asset Finance Proprietary Limited ("ASP SA Asset Finance”), a subsidiary of ASP South Africa, was incorporated in July 2024. PET Labs Global Nuclear Medicine SEZC (“PET Labs Global”), a subsidiary of ASP Guernsey, was incorporated in June 2024 in the Cayman Islands. PET Labs Pharmaceuticals Proprietary Limited (“PET Labs”), a 51% owned subsidiary of ASP Isotopes Inc. operates in South Africa. ASP Isotopes Inc.’s subsidiary, Quantum Leap Energy LLC, was formed in the state of Delaware in September 2023 and began operations in February 2024. Quantum Leap Energy LLC’s subsidiary Quantum Leap Energy Proprietary Limited (“Quantum Leap Energy South Africa”), has its operations in South Africa. ASP Isotopes Inc., its subsidiaries and ASP Rentals are collectively referred to as “the Company” throughout these consolidated statements.

The Company is a development stage advanced materials company dedicated to the development of technology and processes that, if successful, will allow for the enrichment of natural isotopes into higher concentration products, which could be used in several industries. The Company’s proprietary technology, the Aerodynamic Separation Process (“ASP technology”), originally developed by Klydon Proprietary Ltd (“Klydon”), is designed to enable the production of isotopes used in several industries. The Company’s initial focus is on the production and commercialization of enriched Carbon-14 (“C-14”), Molybdenum-100 (“Mo-100”) and Silicon-28 (“Si-28”). The Company has completed an isotope enrichment plant for the enrichment of C-14 located in Pretoria, South Africa and we expect to start commercial supply of C-14 in the first quarter of 2025, assuming timely delivery of the feedstock from the Company's customer. The Company anticipates completion and commissioning of a multi-isotope enrichment plant in Pretoria, South Africa in the fourth quarter 2024, and the Company expects to start initial commercial supply of Si-28 in early 2025. In addition, the Company has started planning additional isotope enrichment plants. The Company believes the C-14 it may develop using the ASP technology may be used in the development of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The Company believes that the Mo-100 it may develop using the ASP technology has significant potential advantages for use in the preparation of nuclear imaging agents by radiopharmacies and others in the medical industry. The Company believes the Si-28 it may develop using the ASP technology may be used to develop advanced semiconductors and in quantum computing. In addition, the Company is considering the future development of the ASP technology for the separation of Zinc-68, Xenon-129/136 for potential use in the healthcare end market, Germanium 70/72/74 for possible use in the semiconductor end market, and Chlorine-37 for potential use in the nuclear energy end market.

The Company is also developing quantum enrichment technology to produce enriched Ytterbium-176 (“Yb-176”), Nickel-64, Lithium6, Lithium-7 and Uranium-235 (“U-235”). Quantum enrichment is an advanced isotope enrichment technique that is currently in development that uses lasers. The Company believes the U-235 that it may develop using quantum enrichment technology may be commercialized as a nuclear fuel component for use in the new generation of high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU)-fueled small modular reactors that are now under development for commercial and government uses. The construction of the Company's first quantum enrichment facility was completed in August 2024, and the Company produced the first semi-finished material of enriched Yb-176 during the commissioning phase of the plant in October 2024. The Company expects to be able to achieve a 99.75% enrichment for Yb-176 and offer highly enriched Yb-176 for commercial sale during 2025. The Company also expects to proceed with the plans to construct Nickel-64 and Lithium- 6/7 quantum enrichment plants with targeted production during 2025.

Liquidity

The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception. The Company incurred net losses of$23,201,675 and$12,123,907 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company currently expects that its cash and cash equivalents of$51,571,540 as of September 30, 2024 will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital requirements for more than 12 months from the date the financial statements are issued. In November 2024, the Company issued an additional 2,754,250 shares of common stock in a public offering at a public offering price of $6.75 per share for net proceeds of approximately $17,100,000. The Company anticipates it will need to continue to raise capital through additional equity and/or debt financings and/or collaborative development agreements to fund its operations.

There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve or sustain positive cash flows from operations or profitability. The Company is in the process of seeking additional debt and equity financing. However, such funding may not be available on a timely basis on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, the Company may be required to scale back or discontinue the advancement of product candidates, reduce headcount, reorganize, merge with another entity, or cease operations.

2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Financial Information

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. In the Company’s opinion, the information furnished reflects all adjustments, all of which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the reported interim periods. The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and disclosure in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to stock-based compensation expense, the accounting for the acquisition of PET Labs and fair value measurement of the convertible notes payable and warrants. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Principles of consolidation

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ASP Isotopes Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the 80% owned Enlightened Isotopes, the 51% owned PET Labs and the 42% owned VIE ASP Rentals. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Currency and currency translation

The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, the Company’s reporting currency. The functional currency of ASP Isotopes Inc. and ASP Guernsey is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries ASP South Africa and Quantum Leap Energy South Africa is the South African Rand. The functional currency of the 80% owned Enlighted Isotopes, the 51% owned PET Labs and the 42% owned VIE ASP Rentals is the South African Rand. Adjustments that arise from exchange rate changes on transactions of each group entity denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in other income and expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Assets and liabilities of the entities with functional currency of South African Rand are recorded in South African Rand and translated into the U.S. dollar reporting currency of the Company at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses of the entities with functional currency of South African Rand are recorded in South African Rand and translated into the U.S. dollar reporting currency of the Company at the average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded separately in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

Concentration of Credit Risk and other Risks

Cash balances maintained at U.S. financial institutions may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limit of $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank for each account ownership category. Although the Company currently believes that the financial institutions with whom it does business, will be able to fulfill their commitments to the Company, there is no assurance that those institutions will be able to continue to do so. The Company has not experienced any credit losses associated with its balances in such accounts for thenine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The Company's foreign subsidiaries held cash of approximately$2,062,000 and$1,963,000 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which is included in cash on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's strategic plan does not require the repatriation of foreign cash in order to fund its operations in the U.S., and it is the Company's current intention to indefinitely reinvest its foreign cash outside of the U.S. If the Company were to repatriate foreign cash to the U.S., the Company would be required to accrue and pay U.S. taxes in accordance with applicable U.S. tax rules and regulations as a result of the repatriation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at fair value and may include money market funds, U.S. Treasury and U.S. government-sponsored agency securities, corporate debt, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. The Company had cash equivalents of$186,229 in the form of money market funds as of September 30, 2024. The Company hadno cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023.

Segment Information

As of December 31, 2023, the Company managed its operations as a single segment, specialist isotopes and related services. Beginning in 2024, primarily as a result of increased business activities of its subsidiary, Quantum Leap Energy LLC, the Company hastwo operating segments: (i) nuclear fuels, and (ii) specialist isotopes and related services.

The nuclear fuels segment is focused on research and development of technologies and methods used to produce high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) and Lithium-6 for the advanced nuclear fuels target end market.

The specialist isotopes and related services segment is focused on research and development of technologies and methods used to separate high-value, low-volume isotopes (such as C-14, Mo-100 and Si-28) for highly specialized target end markets other than advanced nuclear fuels, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, nuclear medical imaging and semiconductors, as well as services related to these isotopes, and this segment includes PET Labs.

The financial information is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources. The Company’s CODM is its chief executive officer.

The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, as the assets are shared or commingled. Therefore, the chief operating decision maker does not regularly review any asset information by operating segment and, accordingly, asset information is not reported on a segment basis.

Select information from the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as of thethree months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Select information from the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s share liability (Note 12) is measured as a Level 1 fair value on a recurring basis. There wasno share liability as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s share liability was$416,652 as of September 30, 2024. The Company’s convertible notes payable (Note 6) is measured as a Level 3 fair value on a recurring basis and was$31,778,742 as of September 30, 2024. There wereno transfers among Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 categories in thenine months ended September 30, 2024. The following table provides a reconciliation of the Company’s liabilities measured as a Level 3 at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs:

The carrying amounts of accounts payable, accrued expenses and notes payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue relates to PET Labs, in which the Company acquired 51% ownership on October 31, 2023 (Note 11). The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The Company enters into transactions with radiopharmacy companies that are within the scope of ASC 606. The terms of these transactions include payment for delivery of nuclear medical doses for PET scanning in South Africa.

Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized for arrangements determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

The Company evaluates a transaction’s performance obligations to determine if promised goods or services in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and are considered distinct when (i) the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or together with other readily available resources and (ii) the promised good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. In assessing whether promised goods or services are distinct, the Company considers whether the goods or services are integral or dependent to other goods or services in the contract.

The Company determines the transaction price based on the agreed government rates for the promised goods in the contract.

The consideration is recognized as revenue when control is transferred for the related goods.

The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. The Company receives payments from its customers based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees are recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt or when due until the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. An allowance for expected credit losses is estimated for those accounts receivable considered to be uncollectible based upon historical experience and management's evaluation of outstanding accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses for accounts receivable, which is recorded as an offset to accounts receivable, and changes in such are classified as selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when the Company identifies specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical collectability based on past due status and make judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluations. The Company also considers customer-specific information, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Bad debts are written off against the allowance when identified. As of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 there wasno allowance for expected credit losses.

Inventory

The Company uses the first in, first out inventory method to account for its inventory. As of September 30, 2024, inventory consists of raw materials and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. There wasno inventory as of December 31, 2023.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment include costs of assets constructed, purchased or leased under a finance lease, related delivery and installation costs and interest incurred on significant capital projects during their construction periods. Expenditures for renewals and betterments also are capitalized, but expenditures for normal repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with yearly planned major maintenance are generally deferred and amortized over 12 months or until the same major maintenance activities must be repeated, whichever is shorter. The cost and accumulated depreciation applicable to assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and gains or losses thereon are included in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company assigns the useful lives of its property and equipment based upon its internal engineering estimates, which are reviewed periodically. The estimated useful lives of the Company's property and equipment range from 3 to 10 years, or the shorter of the useful life or remaining life of the lease for leasehold improvements. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method.

Construction in progress (Note 4) is carried at cost and consists of specifically identifiable direct and indirect development and construction costs. While under construction, costs of the property are included in construction in progress until the property is placed in service, at which time costs are transferred to the appropriate property and equipment account, including, but not limited to, leasehold improvements or other such accounts.

Property and equipment acquired in the acquisition of PET Labs was measured at fair value on October 31, 2023. The fair value forms the new basis of these assets and is depreciated over the remaining estimated useful lives of the related assets.

Business Combination and Asset Acquisitions

The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether or not the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first applying a screen to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen is met, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If the screen is not met, further determination is required as to whether or not the Company has acquired inputs and processes that have the ability to create outputs, which would meet the requirements of a business. If determined to be a business combination, the Company accounts for the transaction under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805 Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), which requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize the fair value of all assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and establishes the acquisition date as the fair value measurement point. Accordingly, the Company recognizes assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, including contingent assets and liabilities, and non-controlling interest in the acquiree based on the fair value estimates as of the date of acquisition. In accordance with ASC 805, the Company recognizes and measures goodwill as of the acquisition date, as the excess of the fair value of the consideration paid over the fair value of the identified net assets acquired.

The consideration for the Company’s business acquisitions may include future payments that are contingent upon the occurrence of a particular event or events. The obligations for such contingent consideration payments are recorded at fair value on the acquisition date. The contingent consideration obligations are then evaluated each reporting period. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, other than changes due to payments, are recognized as a gain or loss and recorded within change in the fair value of deferred and contingent consideration liabilities in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

If determined to be an asset acquisition, the Company accounts for the transaction under ASC 805-50, which requires the acquiring entity in an asset acquisition to recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the cost to the acquiring entity on a relative fair value basis, which includes transaction costs in addition to consideration given. No gain or loss is recognized as of the date of acquisition unless the fair value of non-cash assets given as consideration differs from the assets’ carrying amounts on the acquiring entity’s books. Consideration transferred that is non-cash will be measured based on either the cost (which shall be measured based on the fair value of the consideration given) or the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever is more reliably measurable. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition and any excess consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to the identifiable assets based on relative fair values.

Contingent consideration payments in asset acquisitions are recognized when the contingency is resolved and the consideration is paid or becomes payable (unless the contingent consideration meets the definition of a derivative, in which case the amount becomes part of the basis in the asset acquired). Upon recognition of the contingent consideration payment, the amount is included in the cost of the acquired asset or group of assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the amount of consideration paid in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired as a result of the Company’s business acquisitions accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to impairment testing at a reporting unit level on an annual basis or when a triggering event occurs that may indicate the carrying value of the goodwill is impaired. An entity is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. Further testing is only required if the entity determines, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company will perform its annual test for goodwill as of October 31.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company accounts for the investments it makes in certain legal entities in which equity investors do not have (1) sufficient equity at risk for the legal entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or (2) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have either the power, through voting or similar rights, to direct the activities of the legal entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, or (3) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the legal entity or the right to receive expected residual returns of the legal entity. These certain legal entities are referred to as “variable interest entities” or “VIEs.”

The Company would consolidate the results of any such entity in which it determined that it had a controlling financial interest. The Company would have a “controlling financial interest” in such an entity if the Company had both the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb the losses of, or right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could be potentially significant to the VIE. On a quarterly basis, the Company will reassess whether it has a controlling financial interest in any investments it has in these certain legal entities.

Convertible Notes Payable

Convertible notes payable are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments("ASC 825"). Upon issuance the Company has elected the fair value option to account for the convertible notes payable. Changes in fair value during the reporting period are recognized in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Leases

Leases are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases("ASC 842"). At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on specific facts and circumstances, the existence of an identified asset(s), if any, and the Company’s control over the use of the identified asset(s), if applicable. Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use ("ROU") assets are recorded based on the present value of future lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As such, the Company will utilize the incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment, and considering the region in which the ROU asset and liabilities are located.

The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components as a single component. Operating leases are recognized on the balance sheet as ROU lease assets, lease liabilities current and lease liabilities non-current. Fixed rents are included in the calculation of the lease balances, while variable costs paid for certain operating and pass-through costs are excluded. Lease expense is recognized over the expected term on a straight-line basis.

Finance leases are recognized on the balance sheet as property and equipment, finance lease liabilities current and finance lease liabilities non-current. Finance lease ROU assets and the related lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The finance lease ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the related interest expense of the lease liability payment recognized over the lease term using the effective interest method.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company didnot recognize any impairment losses for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs consist primarily of fees paid to consultants, license fees and facilities costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Selling, General and Administrative Costs

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related benefits, including stock-based compensation expense, related to the Company's executive, finance, business development, legal, human resources and support functions. Other generaland administrative expenses include professional fees for auditing, tax, consulting and patent-related services, rent and utilities and insurance.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost of the grant date fair value of employee stock awards recognized over the requisite service period of the awards (usually the vesting period) on a straight-line basis. The Company estimates the fair value of each stock-based award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model incorporates various assumptions, such as the value of the underlying common stock, the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield, and expected life of the options. Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as they occur.

The Company also awards restricted stock to employees and directors. Restricted stock is generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the completion of the vesting restrictions. The Company expenses the cost of the restricted stock, which is determined to be the fair market value of the shares of common stock underlying the restricted stock at the date of grant, ratably over the period during which the vesting restrictions lapse.

Stock-based compensation expense is classified in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipients’ payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipients’ service payments are classified.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences associated with differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by the enacted tax rates, which are expected to be in effect when these differences reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Prior to the acquisition of 51% of PET Labs in October 2023, the Company had generated net losses since inception and accordingly hadnot recorded a provision for income taxes. Subsequent to the acquisition of 51% of PET Labs, the Company records the provision for income taxes for the activity from PET Labs operations.

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10, Uncertainty in Income Taxes, or ASC 740-10. The Company hasnot recognized a liability for any uncertain tax positions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits has not been provided since there isno unrecognized benefit since the date of adoption. The Company hasnot recognized interest expense or penalties as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties in income tax expense.

The Company has identified the United States, South Africa and Guernsey as its major tax jurisdictions. Refer to Note 15 for further details.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as a change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company’s comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and the effect of currency translation adjustments.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has reviewed recently issued accounting pronouncements and plans to adopt those that are applicable to it. The Company does not expect the adoption of any recently issued pronouncements to have a material impact on its results of operations or financial position.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 will improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses on an interim and annual basis. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed financial statements at adoption date.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”) and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. ASU 2024-03 requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The Company is still assessing the impact of adopting this standard.

3. Revenue

In connection with the Company's acquisition of 51% ownership of PET Labs in October 2023, the Company manufactures and sells nuclear medical doses for PET scanning in South Africa. For thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of$1,087,695 and$2,950,348, respectively. Since the acquisition did not occur until October 2023, there isno accounts receivable as of January 1, 2023 andno revenue was recognized for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The following table presents changes in the Company’s accounts receivable for thenine months ended September 30, 2024:

4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:

The Carbon-14 plant (which is included within tools, machinery and equipment) was completed in June 2024 and depreciation began in July 2024. The Company is currently building two other plants in Pretoria, South Africa: a multi-isotope plant and a laser isotope separation plan using quantum enrichment technology. Costs incurred for the other two plants are considered construction in progress because the work is not complete as of September 30, 2024. Costs incurred for the plants as of December 31, 2023 are considered construction in progress. There was no depreciation expense as it relates to the construction in progress for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Depreciation expense for all other asset categories was$175,916 and$802 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense for all other categories was$425,630 and$969 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

5. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:

6. Notes Payable

Convertible Notes Payable

In March 2024, the Company issued convertible notes payable (“March 2024 Convertible Notes”) totaling $21,063,748 and received aggregate cash of $20,550,000. One of the notes totaling $513,748 was issued to the placement agent in lieu of cash issuance costs. Issuance costs paid in cash totaling $521,423 and the value of the note issued upon issuance to the placement agent were expensed in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for thenine months ended September 30, 2024.

In June 2024, the Company issued additional convertible notes payable (“June 2024 Convertible Notes”) totaling $5,494,395 and received aggregate cash of $5,386,228. One of the notes totaling $108,167 was issued to the placement agent in lieu of cash issuance costs and was expensed in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for thenine months ended September 30, 2024. Issuance costs paid in cash were negligible. The March 2024 Convertible Notes and the June 2024 Convertible Notes are collectively the “Convertible Notes”.

The Convertible Notes are payable on demand in March 2029 and bear an annual interest rate of 6% through March 7, 2025 and 8% thereafter. Upon a qualified financing event the Convertible Notes convert into the shares issued in that qualified financing event at a price per share equal to 80% of the share price issued subject to a valuation cap. Upon a qualified transaction, the noteholders may elect to receive either 1.5x the principal and accrued interest balance in cash or convert into common shares.

The Convertible Notes are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at their fair values. The fair value of the March Convertible Notes on the date of issuance was $21,063,748. The fair value of the June Convertible Notes on the date of issuance was $5,494,395. The fair value of the Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2024 has been determined to be$31,778,742 and the resultant change in fair value of$5,220,599 has been recorded in other income and expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The resultant change in fair value for the three months ended September 30, 2024 of$2,692,073 has been recorded in other income and expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair value of the Convertible Notes as of June 30, 2024 has been determined to be $29,086,669 and the resultant change in fair value of $2,528,526 has been recorded in other income and expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the total principal and accrued interest of the Convertible Notes is$27,380,563 of which$822,420 is from the interest.

Promissory Note Payable

During 2021, the Company executed a promissory note payable with an aggregate principal balance of $33,500 (25,000 GBP). The note was due after a period of two months, followed by mutually agreed upon monthly extensions, and does not bear interest. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the promissory note payable balance was$33,446 and $31,827, respectively, and continues to be automatically extended on a monthly basis.

In November 2023, the Company executed a promissory note payable with a finance company to fund its directors and officers insurance policy for $526,282. This note bore interest at an annual rate of 8.74% withsix monthly payments beginning in December

2023. The note was repaid in full in May 2024. For thenine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $11,247. As of December 31, 2023, the promissory note payable balance was $438,569.

2024. Deferred Revenues

In June 2023, the Company entered into a Supply Agreement with a customer for the delivery of Molybdenum-100 and Molybdenum-98 beginning in 2024. In conjunction with the Supply Agreement, the Company received $882,000 in September 2023, as an advance towards future revenue. The Company has recorded $882,000 as deferred revenue on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There wasno deferred revenue recorded as of January 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase of Cyclotron

In November 2023, the cyclotron that the Company ordered was shipped. As of December 31, 2023, the equipment had not been delivered; however, the Company was obligated to purchase this equipment and recorded the full cost of $1,653,000 in other noncurrent assets and other noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023.

In March 2024, the cyclotron was received by the Company and is recorded as property and equipment. The financing company has paid the vendor. The Company financed the cost of this equipment and it is recorded in finance lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024.

Klydon Proprietary Limited

In November 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with Klydon Proprietary Limited (“Klydon”) to design and build a plant to enrich Molybdenum in South Africa (the "Turnkey Contract"). The initial phase of the project included the building of a plant that can support the production of at least 5kgs of Mo-100. The contracted cost for this phase was $6,800,000. The second phase of the project included the production to be increased to 20kgs of Mo-100 with an additional cost of $6,000,000.

Klydon performed a portion of the services required under the Turnkey Contract; however, some services were incomplete and many of the services were not completed within the time frame required. As a result, Klydon and ASP South Africa entered into an Acknowledgement of Debt Agreement dated November 30, 2022, whereby Klydon (i) agreed to pledge its assets (the “Pledged Assets”) to ASP South Africa to secure its performance of the Turnkey Contract by December 31, 2022, and (ii) acknowledged that ASP South Africa would suffer damages in the amount of $6,050,000 (“Damage Amount”) should it fail to perform. Under the Acknowledgement of Debt Agreement, the Pledged Assets would serve as collateral for Klydon’s obligation to pay the Damage Amount should Klydon fail to perform. In connection therewith, also on November 30, 2022, ASP South Africa and Klydon entered into a Deed of Security Agreement whereby, if Klydon failed to complete its obligations under the Turnkey Contract by December 31, 2022, all of Klydon’s rights of any nature to and interests of any nature in the Pledged Assets would be transferred to ASP South Africa. Klydon failed to complete its obligations under the Turnkey Contract by December 31, 2022, however, the Company did not perfect its interests in the assets until April 4, 2023. The Company did not believe that the amounts owed by Klydon were realizable, nor did the Company know the timing of any recovery payments. Therefore, a loss recovery receivable was not recorded at any time prior to April 4, 2023.

On April 4, 2023, the Company perfected its interest under the Acknowledgement of Debt Agreement, pursuant to which the Company acquired certain intellectual property from Klydon (“Klydon Settlement”). In addition, the Company acquired Klydon's interest in four entities which are inactive and in the process of being dissolved. The Company has concluded that the Klydon Settlement is accounted for as an asset acquisition under ASC 805 since the assets acquired were concentrated in a single identifiable asset from a related party. In conjunction with the Klydon Settlement, the Company recorded an increase to additional paid-in capital for the settlement of all liabilities owed to Klydon at the time of settlement totaling $626,223.

Two individuals who are officers and board members of Klydon, one who is now an officer of ASP Isotopes Inc. and the other who is now a scientific advisor of ASP Isotopes Inc., received warrants to purchase common stock of the Company and therefore are considered related parties. See Notes 10 and 12.

Share Purchase Agreement relating to PET Labs

On October 31, 2023, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Nucleonics Imaging Proprietary Limited, a company incorporated in the Republic of South Africa (the “Seller”), relating to the purchase and sale of ordinary shares in the issued share capital of Pet Labs. PET Labs is a South African radiopharmaceutical operations company, dedicated to nuclear medicine and the science of radiopharmaceutical production.

Under the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to purchase from the Seller 51 ordinary shares in the issued share capital of PET Labs (the “Initial Sale Shares”) (representing 51% of the issued share capital of PET Labs) and has an option to purchase from the Seller the remaining 49 ordinary shares in the issued share capital of PET Labs (the “Option Shares”) (representing the remaining 49% of the issued share capital of PET Labs). The Company agreed to pay to the Seller an aggregate of $2,000,000 for the Initial Sale Shares, of which aggregate amount of $500,000 was payable on the completion of the sale of the Initial Sale Shares and $1,500,000 is payable on demand after one calendar year from the agreement date. In January 2024, the Company agreed to pay $264,750 to the Seller. The balance due for the Initial Sale Shares as of September 30, 2024 is $1,235,250 and is recorded in other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. If the Company exercises its option to purchase the Option Shares (which option is exercisable from the agreement date until January 31, 2027, provided that the Initial Sale Shares have been paid for in full), the Company has agreed to pay $2,200,000 for the Option Shares.

PET Labs Global

In August 2024, PET Labs Global entered into a three-year service agreement with Cayman Enterprise City and is licensed to operate from within the Cayman Islands’ Special Economic Zone (“SEZ”). The service fee includes among other things the right to use certain office space and associated facilities within the SEZ. The Company has applied the guidance in ASC 842 and determined that this agreement is not a leasing arrangement. Management has determined that based on the nature of the combined services the expense shouldbe recognized as incurred. The Company recorded fees under this agreement totaling $10,583 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. The Company accrues liabilities for such matters when future expenditures are probable and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.

On October 25, 2022, the Company received a letter from a law firm acting on behalf of Norsk medisinsk syklotronsenter AS (“NMS”), asserting, among other things, that the grant of a license to the ASP technology to the Company by Klydon violates a pre-existing exclusive sub-license to the ASP technology granted to Radfarma. The asserted claims, arbitration and/or litigation could include claims against the Company, the Company’s licensor (Klydon), or Klydon’s present or former sub-licensors alleging infringement of intellectual property rights with respect to the ASP technology on which our company relies. The Company recorded legal costs totaling $78,304 which was paid to Klydon’s attorneys to settle this claim. As of December 31, 2023, Radfarma has relinquished all claims and ASP Isotopes owns the rights to the licenses originally held by Klydon and acquired by ASP Isotopes.

9. Leases

The Company accounts for facility leases in accordance with ASC 842 (Note 2). The Company is party to five facility leases in South Africa for office, manufacturing and laboratory space.

A lease for office and laboratory space in Pretoria, South Africa commenced in October 2021 with the initial term set to expire in December 2030. The Company has applied the guidance in ASC 842 and has determined that it should be classified as an operating lease. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for this lease is 7.5% based on the remaining lease term of the applicable lease. Consequently, a ROU lease asset of $952,521 with a corresponding lease liability of $952,521 based on the present value of the minimum rental payments of such lease was recorded at the inception of the lease.

A lease for additional production space in Pretoria, South Africa commenced in April 2023 with the initial term set to expire in March 2024. Effective February 1, 2024, this lease was amended such that the new term begins on February 1, 2024 and expires in February 2026. Prior to the amendment, the Company had applied the guidance in ASC 842 and determined that this lease was a short term lease and expensed the monthly payments as incurred. The Company has applied the guidance in ASC 842 to the amended lease and has determined that it should be classified as an operating lease. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for this lease is 10.6% based on the lease term of the applicable lease. Consequently, a ROU lease asset of $364,458 with a corresponding lease liability of $364,458 based on the present value of the minimum rental payments of such lease was recorded at the inception of the lease.

A lease for laboratory space in Pretoria, South Africa commenced in November 2023 with the initial term set to expire in October 2026. The Company has applied the guidance in ASC 842 and has determined that it should be classified as an operating lease. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for this lease is 13.16% based on the remaining lease term of the applicable lease. Consequently, a ROU lease asset of $70,607 with a corresponding lease liability of $70,607 based on the present value of the minimum rental payments of such lease was recorded at the inception of the lease.

A lease for office and production space in Pretoria, South Africa commenced prior to October 31, 2023 with the initial term set to expire in March 2026. The Company has applied the guidance in ASC 842 and has determined that it should be classified as an operating lease effective on the date of ASP Isotopes' acquisition of 51% of PET Labs. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is approximately 12.875% based on the expected remaining lease term of the applicable lease. Consequently, a ROU lease asset of $592,304 which reflects an $84,858 unfavorable adjustment based on the fair value of the lease terms and a corresponding lease liability of $677,163 based on the present value of the minimum rental payments of such lease was recorded at the date of ASP Isotopes acquisition of 51% of PET Labs. Dr. Gerdus Kemp, an officer of PET Labs and an employee of ASP UK, is the sole owner of the facility under this lease agreement.

A summary of long leases in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:

A summary of long-term leases in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 is as follows:

A lease for additional production space in Pretoria, South Africa commenced prior to October 31, 2023 with the initial term expiring in March 2024 and the Company is maintaining the lease under the agreed upon monthly extensions. The Company has applied the guidance in ASC 842 and has determined that this lease is a short term lease effective on the date of ASP Isotopes acquisition of

51% of PET Labs and expensed the monthly payments for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the two months ended December 31, 2023.

Quantitative information regarding the Company’s operating lease liabilities is as follows:

Future lease payments under noncancelable operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:

The Company records the expense from short term leases as incurred. The Company recorded lease expense from its short term leases of$15,750 and$59,562 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Lease expense from short term leases was$5,154 and$18,882 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company accounts for finance leases in accordance with ASC 842 (Note 2). Subsequent to the acquisition of 51% of PET Labs on October 31, 2023, the Company is party to nine ongoing finance leases in South Africa for certain fixed assets. In addition, In June and September 2024, the Company entered into new finance leases for additional equipment.

Quantitative information regarding the Company’s finance lease liabilities is as follows:

Future lease payments under noncancelable finance lease liabilities are as follows as of September 30, 2024:

10. License Agreements

In September 2021, ASP South Africa licensed certain intellectual property from Klydon for the development, production distribution, marketing and sale of Mo-100. The license had a term of 999 years, unless terminated earlier by either party under certain provisions. Two individuals who are officers and board members of Klydon received warrants to purchase common stock of the Company (See Note 12). Effective July 26, 2022, the parties agreed to terminate the Mo-100 license, which was superseded and replaced by a new license agreement (described below).

In January 2022, ASP South Africa licensed certain intellectual property from Klydon for the development, production distribution, marketing and sale of uranium isotope U-235 (“U-235”). The license had a term of 999 years, unless terminated earlier by either party under certain provisions. The Company paid an upfront fee of $100,000, which was expensed to research and development expense. The Company was required to pay a nominal royalty per Kg of product sold plus 10% royalties on product net profits over the term of the contract. One of the officers, who is also a board member of Klydon, became a board member and consultant of ASP Isotopes Inc. and an employee of ASP Guernsey in January 2022. Effective July 26, 2022, the parties agreed to terminate the U-235 license, which was superseded and replaced by a new license agreement (described below).

In July 2022, ASP UK entered into a license agreement with Klydon, as licensor, pursuant to which ASP Isotopes UK Ltd acquired from Klydon an exclusive license to use, develop, modify, improve, subcontract and sublicense certain intellectual property rights relating to the ASP technology for the production, distribution, marketing and sale of all isotopes produced using the ASP technology (the “Klydon license agreement”). The Klydon license agreement superseded and replaced the Mo-100 license and U-235 license described in Note 8 above. The Klydon license agreement is royalty-free, has a term of 999 years and is worldwide for the development of the ASP technology and the distribution, marketing and sale of isotopes. Future production of isotopes is limited to member countries of the Nuclear Suppliers Group. In connection with the Klydon license agreement the Company agreed to make an upfront payment of $100,000 (to be included within the payments the Company makes under the Turnkey Contract) and deferred payments of $300,000 over 24 months, which was expensed to research and development expense.

In July 2022, ASP South Africa acquired assets comprising a dormant Silicon-28 aerodynamic separation processing plant from Klydon for ZAR 6,000,000 (which at the then current exchange rate was approximately $354,000), which was recorded to property and equipment, would have been payable to Klydon on the later of 180 days of the acquisition and the date on which the assets generate any revenues of any nature.

On April 4, 2023, the Company perfected its interest under the Acknowledgement of Debt Agreement (see Note 8), pursuant to which the Company acquired certain intellectual property from Klydon (“Klydon Settlement”). The Company concluded that the Klydon Acquisition is accounted for under ASC 805, Business Combinations as an asset acquisition since the assets acquired were concentrated in a single identifiable asset from a related party. In conjunction with the Klydon Settlement, the Company recorded an increase to additional paid-in capital for the settlement of all liabilities owed to Klydon at the time of settlement totaling $626,223.

11. Acquisitions

PET Labs

In October 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of PET Labs. The acquisition is intended to accelerate the distribution of the Company’s pipeline. The acquisition of PET Labs has been accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company acquired 51% of the common shares issued and outstanding for total purchase consideration of $2,000,000 in cash of which $500,000 was paid up front. In January 2024, the Company made a partial payment of $264,750 and the balance of $1,235,250 is expected to be paid in the second half of 2024 and is recorded in other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

In addition to the purchase consideration, the Company has an option to purchase the remaining 49% of the issued and outstanding shares for an agreed consideration totaling $2,200,000. No consideration or value relating to this option was recognized as it was not considered probable at the time of acquisition and as of September 30, 2024.

Dr. Gerdus Kemp is an officer of PET Labs and, effective November 1, 2023, an employee of ASP UK. In addition, Dr. Kemp controls the remaining 49% ownership of PET Labs.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

Goodwill arising from the acquisition as of October 31, 2023 of $3,205,227 was attributable mainly to buyer specific synergies expected to arise from the acquisition. No goodwill from this acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes.

The Company considered the contractual value of accounts receivable to be the same as the fair value and the full amount was collected.

The results of PET Labs have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition.

The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805), which requires an acquirer to retrospectively adjust provisional amounts recognized in a business combination during the measurement period (which represents a period not to exceed one year from the date of the acquisition), in the reporting period in which the adjustment is determined, as well as present separately on the face of the income statement or as a disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, the portion of the amount recorded in current period earnings that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date.

The changes to the carrying value of goodwill is as follows:

ASP Rentals

In December 2023, ASP South Africa entered into a Shareholders Agreement (“ASP Rentals Shareholders Agreement”) with ASP Rentals, a newly formed equipment financing service provider formed for the sole purpose of providing financing to ASP South Africa for its significant asset purchases in South Africa. In accordance with the terms of the ASP Rentals Shareholders Agreement, ASP Rentals issued 24% of its capital stock to ASP South Africa for total consideration of ZAR 3,300,829 (which at the exchange rate as of December 31, 2023 was $180,387) and the remaining 76% of its capital stock was issued to two third party entities for combined consideration of ZAR 13,203,317 (which at the exchange rate as of December 31, 2023 was $721,548).

In June 2024, ASP Rentals issued additional capital stock to support additional financing to ASP South Africa and PET Labs. Per the terms of the ASP Rentals Shareholder Agreement, ASP Rentals issued 20% of the new capital to ASP South Africa for total consideration of ZAR 3,671,412 (which at the exchange rate as of June 30, 2024 was $201,994) and the remaining 80% of the new capital to one of the two original third party entities for a combined consideration of ZAR 18,357,063 (which at the exchange rate as of June 30, 2024 was $1,009,969).

In August 2024, ASP Rentals issued additional capital stock to support additional financing to PET Labs. Per the terms of the ASP Rentals Shareholder Agreement, ASP Rentals issued 20% of the new capital to ASP South Africa for total consideration of ZAR 369,965 (which at the exchange rate as of September 30, 2024 was $21,421) and the remaining 80% of the new capital to one of the two original third party entities for a combined consideration of ZAR 1,849,826 (which at the exchange rate as of September 30, 2024 was $104,925).

As a result of the additional financings in 2024, ASP South Africa now controls 42% of ASP Rentals.

In addition to issuance of these shares, future ASP South Africa and PET Labs Pharmaceutical equipment purchases may also be financed by ASP Rentals through the issuance of additional shares. ASP South Africa will only be entitled to dividend distributions upon the two third party entities receiving a designated return on their investment.

In conjunction with the ASP Rental Shareholders Agreement, ASP South Africa and PET Labs have both entered into an Asset Sale Agreement and an Asset Rental Agreement with ASP Rentals in order to facilitate the financing of equipment recently purchased by ASP South Africa and PET Labs. As a result of the transactions contemplated by these agreements, collectively, ASP Rentals is considered a variable interest entity. In addition, since the only function of ASP Rentals is to provide financing to ASP South Africa and PET Labs, ASP Isotopes is considered to be the primary beneficiary of ASP Rentals. Therefore, ASP Rentals has been consolidated in accordance with ASC 810.

Pursuant to the terms of the ASP Rentals Shareholders Agreement, as of December 31, 2023 ASP South Africa was obligated to acquire and ASP Rentals was obligated to issue 24% of the common shares of ASP Rentals to be issued and outstanding for total purchase consideration of ZAR 3,300,829 (which at the exchange rate as of December 31, 2023 was $180,387). As of December 31, 2023 these amounts are eliminated in consolidation.

As of December 31, 2023, ASP Rentals had a receivable and an obligation to issue 76% of the common shares of ASP Rentals with non-affiliates for an aggregate of ZAR 13,203,317 (which at the exchange rate as of December 31, 2023 was $721,548). As of December 31, 2023, the Company had recorded $721,548 as a receivable from noncontrolling interest in current assets and a non-controlling interest in equity. All consideration for these common shares of ASP Rentals was received in January 2024.

In January 2024, a total of ZAR 14,351,431 (which at the exchange rate as of December 31, 2023 was $784,291) was transferred between ASP Rentals and ASP South Africa per the terms of the ASP Sale Agreement and Asset Rental Agreement, excluding VAT. In June 2024, a total of ZAR 13,217,472 (which at the exchange rate as of June 30, 2024 was $727,199) was transferred between ASP Rentals and ASP South Africa and PET Labs per the terms of the ASP Sale Agreement and Asset Rental Agreement, excluding VAT.

12. Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred stock

ASP Isotopes Inc. has 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, of whichno shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Common stock

The Company has 500,000,000 shares of common stock authorized, of which 68,409,116 and 48,923,276 shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Common stockholders are entitled to one vote for each share of outstanding common stock held at all meetings of stockholders and written actions in lieu of meetings. Common stockholders are entitled to receive dividends for each share of outstanding common stock, if and when declared by the Board. No dividends have been declared or paid by the Company through September 30, 2024.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company owed a placement agent, as amended,57,250 shares and the fair value was $90,455. The fair value of the 57,250 shares issuable to the placement agent just prior to settlement in March 2023 was $75,570. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a gain of $14,885 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In March 2023, the Company settled this share liability by issuing the 57,250 shares of common stock.

In November 2022, the Company was required to issue shares of common stock with a then fair value totaling $50,000 to a consultant. The fair value of the 12,500 shares just prior to settlement in August 2023 was $18,125. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a gain of $31,875 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In August 2023, the Company issued 12,500 shares of common stock to settle this share liability.

In February 2023, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock to two consultants. The Company determined that the fair value of these two awards was $1.55 and $1.90 per share, respectively, for a total value of $172,500. The fair value of these shares just prior to settlement in August 2023 was $145,000. The resulting change in fair value of the share liability was a loss of $88,200 and a gain of $27,500 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. In August 2023, the Company issued 100,000 shares of common stock to settle these share liabilities.

In March 2023, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a settlement agreement that vests immediately. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $0.94 per share for a total value of $93,700. The fair value of these shares just prior to settlement in August 2023 was $145,000. The resulting change in fair value of the share liability was a loss of $88,200 and $51,300 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. In August 2023, the Company issued 100,000 shares of common stock to settle this share liability.

In March 2023, an officer and scientific advisor of the Company exchanged an aggregate of 3,000,000 shares of ASP Isotopes Inc. common stock for 2,500 shares of Enlighted Isotopes convertible preferred stock. In conjunction with the exchange, Enlightened Isotopes transferred the common shares of ASP Isotopes Inc. to ASP Isotopes and then ASP Isotopes immediately cancelled all 3,000,000 shares. The Company will report the non-controlling interest of future net income or loss on the consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2023, negligible activity had been recorded for Enlightened Isotopes. Activities for Enlightened Isotopes began in 2024.

In May 2023, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a consulting agreement. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $0.65 per share for a total value of $65,100. The fair value of these shares issuable to the consultant was $95,000 as of September 30, 2023. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a loss of $38,200 and $29,900 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, these shares had yet to be issued, however, they were settled prior to December 31, 2023.

In May 2023, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 50,000 shares of restricted common stock pursuant to a consultant. The company determined that the fair value of this award was $0.62 per share for a total value of $30,900. The fair value of these shares issuable was $47,500 as of September 30, 2023. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a loss of $16,600 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, these shares had yet to be issued however, they were settled prior to December 31, 2023.

In July 2023, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 150,000 shares of common stock to two consultants. The Company determined that the fair value of these two awards was $1.21 for a total value of $181,500. The fair value of these shares just prior to settlement in August 2023 was $248,000. The resulting change in fair value of the share liability was a loss of $66,500 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In August 2023, the Company issued 150,000 shares of common stock to settle these share liabilities.

In August 2023, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a consulting agreement. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $1.26 per share for a total value of $126,000. The fair value of these shares just prior to settlement in August 2023 was $145,000. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a loss of $19,000 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In August 2023, the Company issued 100,000 shares of common stock to settle this share liability.

The Company’s non-employee board members agreed to receive the 2022 and 2023 director fees totaling $240,000 in shares of common stock. In August 2024,163,632 shares of common stock were issued and the value of the fees totaling $165,000 is recorded as par and additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2024,77,626 shares have yet to be issued and the value of the fees totaling $75,000 is recorded as additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

In March 2023, the Company issued 3,164,557 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $1.58 per share and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,164,557 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $1.75 per share for gross proceeds of $5,000,000. The Company incurred $506,390 in cash issuance costs and issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 221,519 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.975 per share to the placement agent with an initial fair value of $179,116.

In October 2023, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain institutional and other accredited investors and certain directors of the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 9,952,510 shares of the Company’s common stock, for aggregate cash consideration of $9,129,495, as follows: (i) 8,459,093 shares to investors at a purchase price per share of $0.9105, (ii) 1,190,239 shares to investors at a purchase price per share of $0.9548, and (iii) 303,178 shares to directors at a purchase price per share of $0.96. The Company incurred issuance costs equivalent to 5% of the gross proceeds from new investors which was settled in stock through the issuance of 472,582 shares to the placement agent and additional cash issuance costs totaling $57,083.

In January 2024, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock to a consultant. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $1.95 per share for a total value of $195,000. The fair value of these shares issued upon settlement in September 2024 was $219,500. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a gain of $86,500 and a loss of $24,500 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

In April 2024, the Company was required to issue an aggregate of 60,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a consulting agreement. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $4.01 per share for a total value of $240,600 and recorded this as professional expense. The fair value of these shares issued upon settlement in June 2024 was $183,600. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a loss of $57,000 for thenine months ended September 30, 2024.

In June 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 60,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a consulting agreement. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $3.06 per share for a total value of $183,600 and recorded this amount as professional expense for thenine months ended September 30, 2024.

In July 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 50,000 shares of common stock pursuant to a consulting agreement. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $3.28 per share for a total value of $164,000 and recorded this amount as professional expense for thenine months ended September 30, 2024.The fair value of these shares issued upon settlement in September 2024 was $109,750. The resulting change in fair value on the share liability was a gain of $54,250 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Activity of the share liabilities for thenine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

Activity of the share liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

In July 2024, the Company issued 13,800,000 shares of common stock in a public offering at a public offering price of $2.50 per share for aggregate gross proceeds totaling $34,500,000. Issuance costs, including commissions and expenses totaled $2,194,041.

In November 2024, the Company issued an additional 2,754,250 shares of common stock in a public offering at a public offering price of $6.75 per share for aggregate gross proceeds totaling approximately $18,600,000. The estimated issuance costs, including commissions and expenses, are expected to be approximately $1,455,000.

Common Stock Warrants

In September 2023, the Company issued warrants to purchase 3,386,076 shares of common stock. The fair value of these warrants was determined to be $2,882,621 and estimated based on the Black-Scholes model, using the following assumptions:

In April 2024, a warrant to purchase 3,164,557 shares of common stock was exercised and the Company received gross proceeds of $5,537,975. As an inducement for the warrant holder to exercise in cash, a warrant to purchase 1,225,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.90 per share was issued to that same warrant holder for no consideration (“Inducement Warrant”). The Inducement Warrant vests in October 2024 and expires in October 2029. The Company evaluated the terms of the Inducement Warrant and determined that it should be accounted for as an equity-based warrant. The Company also evaluated the circumstances of the award and determined that the inducement should be treated as a deemed dividend.

The fair value of the Inducement Warrant was determined to be $2,779,659 and estimated based on the Black-Scholes model, using the following assumptions:

The fair value of the Inducement Warrant is considered a deemed dividend and the amount is reflected in the calculation of earnings (loss) per share on a basic and diluted basis.

In conjunction with the exercise of the warrant in April 2024, the Company is now obligated to issue to an underwriter, a warrant to purchase 221,519 shares of common stock (“Commission Warrant”) in addition to a cash payment totaling $387,658. The Company evaluated the terms of the Commission Warrant and determined that it should be accounted for as an equity-based warrant. The fair value of the Commission Warrant was determined to be $657,871 and estimated based on the Black-Scholes model, using the following assumptions:

As of September 30, 2024, neither the cash payment nor the issuance of the Commission Warrant has been settled and therefore the cash payment due is included in accrued expenses and the fair value of the warrant is included in share liability on the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the Commission Warrant as of September 30, 2024 was$416,652. The resulting change in fair value of share liability was a gain of $241,219 for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

In October 2024, a warrant to purchase 151,741 shares of common stock was exercised and the Company received gross proceeds of $299,688.

13. Stock Compensation Plan

Equity Incentive Plan

In October 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) that provided for the issuance of common stock to employees, nonemployee directors, and consultants. Recipients of incentive stock options are eligible to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to no less than the estimated fair market value of such stock on the date of grant. The 2021 Plan provided for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock awards and stock appreciation rights. The maximum contractual term of options granted under the 2021 Plan isten years. The maximum number of shares initially available for issuance under the 2021 Plan was 6,000,000. No further options are available to be issued under the 2021 Plan.

In November 2022, the Company adopted the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“2022 Plan”) that provides for the issuance of common stock to employees, nonemployee directors, and consultants. Recipients of incentive stock options are eligible to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to no less than the estimated fair market value of such stock on the date of grant. The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock awards and stock appreciation rights. The maximum contractual term of options granted under the 2022 Plan isten years. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock initially reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan is equal to 5,000,000, subject to an annual increase, to be added on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 and continuing until, and including, the fiscal year ending December 31, 2033, equal to the lesser of 5% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on such date or an amount determined by the Company’s board of directors. On January 1, 2024, the Company added 2,446,164 shares to the 2022 Plan. As of September 30, 2024,813,487 shares remain available for future grant under the 2022 Plan.

In June 2024, the Company adopted the 2024 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (“2024 Plan”). The 2024 Plan will be used exclusively for the grant of equity awards to individuals who were not previously employees or directors of the Company, or following a bona fide period of non-employment, as an inducement material to such individuals entering into employment with the Company, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). Recipients of stock options are eligible to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to no less than the estimated fair market value of such stock on the date of grant. The 2024 Plan provides for the grant of non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock awards and stock appreciation rights. The maximum contractual term of options granted under the 2024 Plan isten years. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock initially reserved for issuance under the 2024 plan is equal to 2,500,000. As of September 30, 2024,2,100,000 shares remain available for future grant under the 2024 Plan.

Stock Options

The following table sets forth the activity for the Company’s stock options during the periods presented:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, no options were granted.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense from options of$196,987 and$207,253 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense from options of$588,018 and$773,238 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, there was$661,361 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.7 years.

Stock Awards

In October 2021, the Company issued 1,500,000 shares of restricted common stock to its Chief Executive Officer. The number of shares that vest is dependent on achieving certain performance conditions and dependent market conditions upon the third anniversary from the date of grant. The Company determined that the fair value of this award was $0.25 per share for a total value of $375,000. The Company determined the performance condition probable and recognized stock-based compensation expense of $375,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense from stock awards totaling$1,871,103 and$1,864,537 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense from stock awards totaling$5,711,742 and$5,817,338 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, there is$7,425,197 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the non-vested portion of restricted stock awards that is expected to be recognized over the next year.

The following table summarizes vesting of restricted common stock:

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense for all stock awards recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:

14. Net Loss Per Share

The Company has reported losses since inception and has computed basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. The Company computes diluted net loss per share of Common Stock after giving consideration to all potentially dilutive shares of common stock, including options to purchase common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, outstanding during the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods, except where the effect of including such securities would be antidilutive. Because the Company has reported net losses since inception, these potential shares of Common Stock have been anti-dilutive and basic and diluted loss per share were the same for all periods presented.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following table sets forth the potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to include them would be anti-dilutive:

15. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 0.2%. The Company had no income tax expense due to operating losses incurred for thethree months ended September 30, 2023, as the Company had a full valuation allowance on the net deferred tax asset. The effective tax rate for the three month period ended September 30, 2024 varied from the federal statutory rate primarily due to losses in jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance is recorded.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 0.2%. The Company had no income tax expense due to operating losses incurred for thenine months ended September 30, 2023, as the Company had a full valuation allowance on the net deferred tax asset. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 varied from the federal statutory rate primarily due to losses in jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance is recorded.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. Income tax positions must meet a more likely than not recognition threshold to be recognized. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company had no accrual for interest and penalties on the Company’s balance sheets and has not recognized interest and/or penalties in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Uncertain tax positions are evaluated based upon the facts and circumstances that exist at each reporting period. Subsequent changes in judgment based upon new information may lead to changes in recognition, derecognition, and measurement. Adjustments may result, for example, upon resolution of an issue with the taxing authorities or expiration of a statute of limitations barring an assessment for an issue. As of September 30, 2024, there were no uncertain tax positions.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company did not recognize any interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits. Due to net operating losses incurred, tax years from inception remain open to examination by the Federal and State taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. The Company is not currently under Internal Revenue Services (IRS), state or local tax examination.

Ownership changes, as defined in the IRC, may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income pursuant to IRC Section 382 or similar provisions. Subsequent ownership changes could further affect the limitation in future years. The Company has not completed a study to assess whether a change of control has occurred or whether there have been multiple changes of control since the Company’s formation due to the significant complexity and cost associated with such study and because there could be additional changes in control in the future. As a result, the Company is not able to estimate the effect of the change in control, if any, on the Company’s ability to utilize net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards in the future.

16. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through November 13, 2024, the date on which the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were issued and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that require disclosure except as noted in Note 12.