Montauk Renewables Inc

(dollars in thousands, except per-share amounts)

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Operations and organization

Montauk Renewables’ Business

Montauk Renewables, Inc. (the “Company” or “Montauk Renewables”) is a renewable energy company specializing in the management, recovery and conversion of biogas into Renewable Natural Gas (“RNG”). The Company captures methane, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere, and converts it into either RNG or electrical power for the electrical grid (“Renewable Electricity Generation” or "REG"). The Company, headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has more than 30 years of experience in the development, operation and management of landfill methane-fueled renewable energy projects. The Company has operations at 14 projects and ongoing development projects located in California, Idaho, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas. The Company sells RNG and Renewable Electricity, taking advantage of Environmental Attribute premiums available under federal and state policies that incentivize their use.

Two of the Company’s key revenue drivers are sales of produced gas and sales of Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) to fuel blenders. The Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”) is an Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) administered federal law that requires transportation fuel to contain a minimum volume of renewable fuel. RNG derived from landfill methane, agricultural digesters and wastewater treatment facilities used as a vehicle fuel qualifies as a D3 (cellulosic biofuel with a 60% greenhouse gas reduction requirement) RIN. The RINs are compliance units for fuel blenders that were created by the RFS program in order to reduce greenhouse gases and imported petroleum into the United States.

An additional program utilized by the Company is the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”). This is state specific and is designed to stimulate the use of low-carbon fuels. To the extent that RNG from the Company’s facilities is used as a transportation fuel in states that have adopted an LCFS program, it is eligible to receive an Environmental Attribute additional to the RIN value under the federal RFS.

Another key revenue driver is the sale of generated electricity and the associated environmental premiums related to electricity sales. The Company’s electric facilities are designed to conform to and monetize various state renewable portfolio standards requiring a percentage of the electricity produced in that state to come from a renewable resource. Such premiums are in the form of Renewable Energy Credits (“RECs”). The Company’s largest electric facility, located in California, receives revenue for the monetization of RECs as a part of a purchase power agreement.

Collectively, the Company benefits from federal and state government incentives in the United States, provided in the form of RINs, RECs, LCFS credits, tax credits and other incentives to end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of renewable energy projects, that promote the use of renewable energy, as Environmental Attributes.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions of the SEC on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary, which are of a normal and recurring nature, for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and of the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2024 (the “2023 Annual Report”). The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. The balance sheet at December 31, 2023, has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. For further information, refer to the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto included for the year ended December 31, 2023 in the 2023 Annual Report.

Segment Reporting

The Company reports segment information inthree segments: RNG, Renewable Electricity Generation and Corporate. This is consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker who evaluates operating results and performance. The aforementioned business services and offerings described in Note 1 are grouped and defined by management as two distinct operating segments: RNG and Renewable Electricity Generation. The Corporate segment primarily consists of general and administrative expenses not allocated to RNG and Renewable Electricity Generation. Below is a description of the Company’s segments and other activities.

The RNG segment represents the sale of gas sold at fixed-price contracts, counterparty shares of RNG volumes and applicable Environmental Attributes. This business unit represents the majority of the revenues generated by the Company. The Renewable Electricity Generation segment represents the sale of generated electricity and applicable Environmental Attributes.

Corporate relates to additional discrete financial information for the corporate function. It is primarily used as a shared service center for maintaining functions such as executive, accounting, treasury, legal, human resources, tax, environmental, engineering and other operations functions not otherwise allocated to a segment. As such, the Corporate segment is not determined to be an operating segment but is discretely disclosed for purposes of reconciliation to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which provides optional expedients and exceptions to the current guidance on contract modifications and hedging relationships to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The guidance was effective upon issuance and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2022. The FASB included a sunset provision within Topic 848 based on expectations of when the LIBOR would cease being published. The sunset provision has been amended from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. The Company’s current debt agreement bears interest at the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate, "BSBY", plus an applicable margin. The BSBY index will cease on November 15, 2024, and the current debt agreement has been amended to utilize the Secured Overnight Financing Rate Index, "SOFR", plus an applicable margin.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segments. The amendments in 2023-07 aim to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and subsequent interim periods, with early adoption permitted. Other than enhanced disclosures, the Company does not expect a material impact from the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in 2023-09 aim to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. Other than enhanced disclosures, the Company does not expect a material impact from the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3 – ASSET IMPAIRMENT

The Company recorded an impairment loss of $533 and $51 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $1,232 and $777 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. On February 18, 2024, forone of its REG sites, the Company entered into a bill of sale, assignment and assumption agreement to sell its rights to the existing fuel supply agreement and property back to the site host in advance of the fuel supply agreement termination date and received $1,000 in proceeds. The effective date of the sale, assignment and assumption agreement is October 1, 2024. The Company elected to cease operations prior to the assignment date and consequently the remaining book value of long lived assets and intangibles were impaired for $312. The remaining impairments included $591 for various RNG equipment that was deemed obsolete or inoperable for current operations and $329 in REG assets that were impacted under initial startup testing for one of its REG construction work in progress sites. The 2023 impairments were for specifically identified RNG machinery and feedstock processing equipment that were no longer in operational use and recorded in the Company's RNG segment.

NOTE 4 – REVENUES FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The Company’s revenues are comprised of renewable energy and related Environmental Attribute sales provided under short and medium term contracts with its customers. All revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) under the contract (either implicit or explicit) by transferring the promised product or service to its customer either when (or as) its customer obtains control of the product or service. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. The Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the product’s observable market standalone selling price for each distinct product in the contract.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring its products or services. As such, revenue is recorded net of allowances and customer discounts as well as net of transportation and gathering costs incurred by the customer following the transfer of control of the commodities sold. To the extent applicable, sales, value add and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues) basis.

The Company’s performance obligations related to the sale of renewable energy (i.e. RNG and Renewable Electricity Generation) are generally satisfied over time. Revenue related to the sale of renewable energy is generally recognized over time using an output based upon the product quantity delivered to the customer. This measure is used to best depict the Company’s performance to date under the terms of the contract. Revenue from products transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 16% and 18% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 20% and 24% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The nature of the Company’s contracts may give rise to several types of variable consideration, such as periodic price increases. This variable consideration is outside of the Company’s influence as the variable consideration is dictated by the market. Therefore, the variable consideration associated with the contracts is considered fully constrained.

The Company’s performance obligations related to the sale of Environmental Attributes are generally satisfied at a point in time and were approximately 84% and 82% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 80% and 76% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognizes Environmental Attribute revenue at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the Environmental Attributes, which is generally when the title of the Environmental Attribute passes to the customer upon delivery. In limited cases, title does not transfer to the customer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has accepted the Environmental Attributes.

The following tables display the Company’s disaggregated revenue by major source based on product type and timing of transfer of goods and services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Practical expedients and remaining performance obligations

The Company recognizes the sale of natural gas and electric commodities using the right to invoice practical expedient. The Company determined that the revenues recognized as of period end correspond directly with the value transferred to customers and the Company's satisfaction of the performance obligations to date. Furthermore, with the application of the right to invoice practical expedient and in consideration that contracts related to future environmental attributes sales do not exceed one year, there were no remaining unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

The Company extends credit based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and, while collateral is not required, the Company periodically receives surety bonds that guarantee payment. Credit terms are consistent with industry standards and practices. Reserves for uncollectible accounts, if any, are recorded as part of general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. No reserve expense was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Accounts and other receivables consist of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

NOTE 6 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Depreciation expense for property plant and equipment was $5,691 and $4,956 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $16,245 and $14,624 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depletion expense for gas mineral rights was $91 and $129 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $273 and $385 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Construction work in progress consists of RNG and REG capital expenditures on developmental projects and improvements to existing sites. Projects, on average, last between 18 to 36 months, and when completed for their intended use, costs are placed in service and begin depreciating.

In February 2024, the Company completed an Asset acquisition with a privately-held entity. The Company paid $820 for land located in North Carolina. The Asset acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, and the purchase price has been allocated all to land within Property, plant and equipment, net on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

NOTE 7 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill and intangible assets consist of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

As of September 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining useful lives for customer contracts and interconnections were 13 and 14 years, respectively. Amortization expense was $248 and $243 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $738 and $729 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 8 – ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

The Company accounts for asset retirement obligations by recording the fair value of the liability in the period in which it is incurred. The Company estimates the fair value of asset retirement obligations by calculating the estimated present value of the cost to retire the asset. Factors that are considered when determining the present value of the cost to retire the asset include future inflation and discount rates, along with estimates date(s) of retiring the asset. Additionally, changes in legal, regulatory, environmental, and political environments can affect the fair value of the obligations. As such, asset retirement obligations are considered a Level 3 financial instrument.

The $218 change in estimates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was due to RNG fuel supply agreement extensions and an RNG project that necessitated reassessments. The $225 reduction in the liability was due to an REG site sale as described in Note 3.

The following table summarizes the activity associated with asset retirement obligations of the Company as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

NOTE 9 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

To mitigate market risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates, the Company utilizes swap contracts under a board-approved program. The Company does not apply hedge accounting to any of its derivative instruments, and all realized and unrealized gains and losses from changes in derivative values are recognized in earnings each period. As a result of the economic hedging strategies employed, the Company had the following cash gains/losses and non-cash gains/losses in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

NOTE 10 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy:

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under authoritative guidance are described as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs are market data, other than Level 1, that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets and other observable information that can be corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data, but significant to the fair value measurement.

A summary of change in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 instrument, attributable to asset retirement obligations, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023 is included in Note 8. The Company’s earn-out fair value liability at its Idaho agricultural digester site is determined by calculating the estimated present value of the future obligation. The present value is assessed quarterly and is based on macro-economic factors such as inflation and risk free US Treasury rates. Company specific estimates utilized include current and future interest rates, digester inlet gas flow and projected EBITDA. A weighted average probability approach is utilized for the variables discussed above. The earn-out is classified as a Level 3 financial instrument and changes in the balance are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets and in the Royalties, transportation, gathering and production fuel within the consolidated statements of operations. Interest rate swap derivatives are classified as Level 2 financial instruments and are valued utilizing quoted forward Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rates. In addition, certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when an indicator of impairment is identified and the assets’ fair values are determined to be less than its carrying value. See Note 3 for additional information.

NOTE 11 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES

The Company’s accrued liabilities consists of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

NOTE 12 – DEBT

The Company’s debt consists of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Amended Credit Agreement

On December 12, 2018, Montauk Energy Holdings LLC (“MEH”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement (as amended, “Credit Agreement”), by and among MEH, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto as lenders and Comerica Bank, as the administrative agent, sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner (“Comerica”). The Credit Agreement (i) amended and restated in its entirety MEH’s prior revolving credit and term loan facility, dated as of August 4, 2017, as amended, with Comerica and certain other financial institutions and (ii) replaced in its entirety the prior credit agreement, dated as of August 4, 2017, as amended, between Comerica and Bowerman Power LFG, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of MEH.

On March 21, 2019, MEH entered into the first amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), which clarified a variety of terms, definitions and calculations in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including certain financial covenants, which are measured at the end of each fiscal quarter. On September 12, 2019, the Company entered into the second amendment to the Credit Agreement (the "Second Amendment"). Among other matters, the Second Amendment redefined the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), reduced the commitments under the revolving credit facility to $80,000, redefined the Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and eliminated the RIN Floor (as defined in the Second Amendment) as an Event of Default. In connection with the Second Amendment, the Company paid down the outstanding term loan by $38,250 and the resulting quarterly principal installments were reduced to $2,500.

On January 4, 2021, the Company, Montauk Holdings Limited (“MNK”) and Montauk Holdings USA, LLC (a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of MNK at the time, “Montauk USA”) entered into a series of transactions, including an equity exchange and a distribution collectively referred to as the “Reorganization Transactions,” that resulted in the Company owning all of the assets and entities (other than Montauk USA) previously owned by Montauk USA, and Montauk Renewables became a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of MNK. In connection with the completion of the Reorganization Transactions and the IPO, the Company entered into the third amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”). This amendment permitted the change of control provisions, as defined in the underlying agreement, to permit the Reorganization Transactions and the IPO to be completed.

On December 21, 2021, MEH entered into the fourth amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement ("the Fourth Amendment"). The current credit agreement, which is secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, provides for a $80,000 term loan, a $120,000 revolving credit facility, and includes a $75,000 accordion feature. The term loan amortizes in quarterly installments of $2,000 through 2024, then increases to $3,000 from 2025 to 2026, with a final payment of $32,000 in late 2026.

The Company accounted for the Fourth Amendment as both a debt modification and debt extinguishment in accordance with ASC 470, Debt (“ASC 470”). In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company paid $2,027 in fees. Of this amount, $326 was expensed and $1,701 was capitalized and will be amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement. Amortized debt issuance expense was $90 and $92 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $270 and $276 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was recorded within interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

As of September 30, 2024, $58,000 was outstanding under the term loan. In addition, the Company had $2,185 of outstanding letters of credit as of September 30, 2024. Amounts available under the revolving credit facility are reduced by any amounts outstanding under letters of credit. As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s capacity available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility was $117,815. As of September 30, 2024, borrowings of the term loans and revolving credit facility bear interest at the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate, plus an applicable margin. Interest rates as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were 6.12% and 6.11%, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all applicable financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES

The Company’s provision for income taxes in interim periods is typically computed by applying the estimated annual effective tax rates to income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded during the period in which they occur. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company utilized an estimated effective tax rate.

The effective tax rate of 19% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 differed slightly from the rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 of 18% primarily due to both periods having discrete events related to stock compensation and production tax credits.

The effective tax rate of 21% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was unchanged compared to the rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 of 21% primarily due to both periods having discrete events related to stock compensation as compared to the year to date pre-tax book income.

Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was calculated using an estimated effective tax rate which differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the benefit from production tax credits and stock related discrete items.

NOTE 14 – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The board of directors of Montauk Renewables adopted the Montauk Renewables, Inc. Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (“MRI EICP”) in January 2021. Following the closing of the IPO, the board of directors of Montauk Renewables approved the grant of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units and restricted share awards to the employees of Montauk Renewables and its subsidiaries in January 2021. In connection with the restricted share awards, the officers of the Company made elections under Section 83(b) of the Code. Pursuant to such elections, the Company withheld 950,214 shares of common stock from such awards at a price of $11.38 per share from such awards. The Company records and reports restricted shares and restricted stock units when vested and in the case of options, when such awards are settled in the Company’s common stock. Stock compensation expense related to these awards was $502 and $685 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively and $1,203 and $1,279 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

In connection with a May 2021 asset acquisition,1,250,000 restricted share awards (“RS Awards”) were granted totwo employees that were hired by the Company in connection with such acquisition. The RS Awards were to vest over a five-year period and subject to the achievement of time and performance-based vesting criteria over such period. In May 2022, the RS Awards were amended to remove the performance-based vesting criteria and will only be subject to time-based vesting requirements over a five-year period. The awards were revalued at $15,500. Stock compensation expense related to these awards was $3,122 and $1,227 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively and $5,446 and $3,681 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023 respectively. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company recognized $2,911 of non-cash stock compensation expense. This nonrecurring expense recorded within General and administration expense was related to the acceleration of previously unrecognized stock compensation expense related to an employment termination.

In 2023, the board of directors of the Company approved the grant of non-qualified stock options to the executive officers of the Company, which vest ratably over a period of three to five years. Stock compensation expense related to these awards was $657 and $588 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively and $1,972 and $1,035 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023, respectively.

The restricted shares, restricted stock units and option awards are subject to vesting schedules and are subject to the terms and conditions of the MRI EICP and related award agreements including, in the case of the restricted share awards, each officer having made an election under Section 83(b) of the Code.

Options granted under the MRI EICP allow the recipient to receive the Company’s common stock equal to the appreciation in the fair market value of the Company’s common stock between the grant date and the exercise and settlement of options into shares as of the exercise dates. The fair value of the MRI EICP options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Three blocks of options have been awarded since inception of the plan with the following weighted-average assumptions (no dividends were expected):

The following table summarizes the restricted shares, restricted stock units and options outstanding under the MRI EICP as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively:

As of September 30, 2024 no vested options have been exercised. Unrecognized MRI EICP compensation expense for awards the Company expects to vest as of September 30, 2024, was $9,600 and will be recognized over approximately 4 years.

NOTE 15 – DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN

The Company maintains a 401(k) defined contribution plan for eligible employees. The Company matches 50% of an employee’s deferrals up to 4%. The Company also contributes 3% of eligible employee’s compensation expense as a safe harbor contribution. The matching contributions vest ratably over four years of service, while the safe harbor contributions vest immediately. Incurred expense related to the 401(k) plan was $168 and $166 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $580 and $496 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 16 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Intercompany Transactions

On January 26, 2021, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement and Secured Promissory Note (the “Initial Promissory Note”) with Montauk Holdings Limited (“MNK”). MNK is currently an affiliate of the Company and certain of the Company’s directors are also directors and executive officers of MNK. Pursuant to the Initial Promissory Note, the Company advanced a cash loan of $5,000 to MNK for MNK to pay its dividend's tax liability arising from the Reorganization Transactions under the South African Income Tax Act, 1962 (Act No. 58 of 1962), as amended (the “South African Income Tax Act”). On February 22, 2021, the Company and MNK entered into an Amended and Restated Promissory Note (the “Amended Promissory Note”) to increase the principal amount of the loan to a total of $7,140, in the aggregate, on December 22, 2021 entered into the Second Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Secured Promissory Note (the “Second Amended Promissory Note”) to increase the principal amount of the loan to a total of $8,940, in the aggregate, and on December 22, 2022 entered into the First Amendment of the Second Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Secured Promissory Note (the “First Amendment of Second Amended Promissory Note”) to amend the maturity date to June 30, 2023, and on June 21, 2023 entered into the Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Secured Promissory Note (the "Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Secured Promissory Note") to increase the principal amount of the loan to a total of $10,040, in the aggregate and extend the maturity date of the loan to December 31, 2023 and on December 27, 2023 entered into the Fourth Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Secured Promissory Note to extend the maturity date of the loan to December 31, 2033, each in accordance with the Company’s obligations set forth in the transaction implementation agreement entered into by and among the Company, MNK and the other party thereto, dated November 6, 2020, and amended on January 14, 2021. The Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and Secured Promissory Note increased the security interest of the Company from 800,000 shares of the common stock of the Company to 976,623 shares of the Company owned by MNK. MNK is required to use the proceeds of any such sale of the shares to repay the note. The Amended Promissory Note has default provisions where MNK will deliver any unsold shares of the Company back to the Company to satisfy repayment of the note.

Under applicable guidance for variable interest entities in ASC 810, Consolidation, the Company determined that MNK is a variable interest entity. The Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity, as the Company does not have a controlling financial interest and does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of MNK. Accordingly, the Company concluded that presentation of the Amended Promissory Note as a related party receivable remains appropriate. The maximum exposure to loss is limited to the Promissory Note principal and accrued interest, which totaled $10,168 and $10,138 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

MNK was delisted from the JSE on January 26, 2021. The MNK Board of Directors and Shareholders held its annual general meeting in March 2023 and voted to take MNK private.

Employment Transactions

The Company signed a long-term immaterial lease in December 2023 with a landowner in North Carolina. This lease enabled the Company to construct a feedstock collection system on the property which is owned by the Company. In September 2024, the Company hired the landowner as an employee to assist in the procuring of additional long-term leases on farms for additional collection system installations related to feedstock in North Carolina.

Related Party Reimbursements

Periodically the Company will reimburse MNK and HCI Managerial Services Proprietary Limited, the administrator for the Company’s secondarily listed Johannesburg Stock Exchange trading symbol, for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company. Amounts reimbursed were $4 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and $12 and $106 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, $44 and $11 were owed.

NOTE 17 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company’s operating segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are Renewable Natural Gas and Renewable Electricity Generation. Renewable Natural Gas includes the production of RNG. Renewable Electricity Generation includes generation of electricity at biogas-to-electricity plants. The Corporate segment is not determined to be an operating segment but is discretely disclosed for purposes of reconciliation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Thefollowing tables are consistent with the manner in which the chief operating decision maker evaluates the performanceof each segment and allocates the Company’s resources. In the following tables, “RNG” refers to Renewable Natural Gas and “REG” refer to Renewable Electricity Generation.

(1)

Third quarter of 2024 EBITDA Reconciliation

The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s reportable segments’ net income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2024:

(2)Third quarter of 2023 EBITDA Reconciliation

The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s reportable segments’ net income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2023:

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, two and four customers, respectively, made up greater than 10% of total revenues.

(3)First nine months of 2024 EBITDA Reconciliation

The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s reportable segments’ net income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

(4)First nine months of 2023 EBITDA Reconciliation

The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s reportable segments’ net income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

For both the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, four customers made up greater than 10% of total revenues.

NOTE 18 – LEASES

The Company leases office space and other office equipment under operating lease arrangements (with initial terms greater than twelve months), expiring in various years through 2033. These leases have been entered into to better enable the Company to conduct business operations. Office space is leased to provide adequate workspace for employees in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Houston, Texas. Office space and office equipment agreements that exceed 12 months are accounted for as operating leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases.

The Company also leases safety equipment for the various operational sites in the United States. The term of certain equipment exceeds twelve months and is accordingly classified as a finance lease under ASC 842. These finance leases expire in 2026 and were entered into in order to provide a safe work environment for operational employees.

The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception based on whether that contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset in exchange for consideration for a period of time. For all operating and finance lease arrangements, the Company presents at the commencement date: a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.

The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to separate non-lease components from lease components, and instead account for each separate component as a single lease component for all lease arrangements, as lessee. In addition, the Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to apply lease recognition requirements to leases with a term of one year or less. In determination of the lease term, the Company considers the likelihood of lease renewal options and lease termination provisions.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, as the basis to calculate the present value of future lease payments at lease commencement. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate that would approximate the rate to borrow funds on a collateralized basis over a similar term and in a similar economic environment.

Supplemental information related to operating lease arrangements was as follows:

Future minimum operating lease payments are as follows:

Supplemental information related to finance lease arrangements was as follows:

Future minimum finance lease payments are as follows:

NOTE 19 – INCOME PER SHARE

Basic and diluted income per share was computed using the following common share data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

NOTE 20 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Environmental

The Company is subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations governing discharges to the air and water, as well as the handling, storage and disposing of hazardous or waste materials. The Company believes its operations currently comply in all material respects with all environmental laws and regulations applicable to its business. However, there can be no assurance that environmental requirements will not change in the future or that the Company will not incur significant costs to comply with such requirements.

Contingencies

The Company, from time to time, may be involved in litigation. At September 30, 2024, management does not believe there are any matters outstanding that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

NOTE 21 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated its September 30, 2024 condensed consolidated financial statements through the date the financial statements were issued. The Company is not aware of any subsequent events which would require recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements, except for the matter described below.

On October 22, 2024, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to sell one of its renewable natural gas sites for a purchase price of $1,000. The Company entered into this agreement for this immaterial site with the site host in advance of the expiration of the gas rights agreement at this site. The sale process is contingent on the completion of various closing conditions and administrative items.