Roadzen Inc

Notes to thecondensed consolidated financial statements.

(In $, except share data and share count)

1. Reorganization and description of business

Roadzen Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company (the “Parent Company”, formerly known as Vahanna Tech Edge Acquisition I Corp and sometimes referred to in this filing as "Vahanna") has subsidiaries located in India, the United States and the United Kingdom. The Company is a leading Insurtech platform and provides solutions in relation to insurance products, including distribution, pre-inspection assistance, telematics, claims submission and administration, and roadside assistance. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Roadzen Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "Roadzen", or the "Company”).

Merger agreement

On September 20, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), Vahanna, Roadzen, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Roadzen (DE)"), and Vahanna Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Vahanna (“Merger Sub”), consummated the previously announced Business Combination (as defined below) pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 10, 2023, by and among Vahanna, Roadzen (DE) and Merger Sub (the “Initial Merger Agreement”), as amended by the First Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated June 29, 2023 (the “Merger Agreement Amendment;” the Initial Merger Agreement as amended by the Merger Agreement Amendment, the “Merger Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Roadzen (DE), with Roadzen (DE) surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Vahanna (the “Merger,” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the other agreements contemplated thereby, the “Business Combination”).

In connection with the Closing (as defined below), and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, equity interests in Vahanna and Roadzen (DE) were converted into ordinary shares of Parent Company, $0.0001 par value ("Ordinary Shares") as follows: (i) each outstanding share of common stock of Roadzen (DE) including shares of common stock issued upon conversion of each outstanding share of Roadzen (DE)'s convertible preferred stock, was cancelled and converted into 27.21 Ordinary Shares, (ii) each restricted stock unit of Roadzen (DE) (“Roadzen (DE) RSU”) was assumed and converted into the right to receive 27.21 restricted stock units of the Parent Company (each, a “RDZN RSU”) and were assumed as Substitute Awards under the Roadzen Inc. 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan, (iii) each equity security of Roadzen (DE) other than Roadzen (DE) common stock and Roadzen (DE) RSUs (each, a “Roadzen DE Additional Security”) was assumed and converted into the right to receive equity interests that may vest, settle, convert or be exercised into 27.21 Ordinary Shares, (iv) each share of common stock of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Closing was cancelled, retired and ceased to exist, and (v) each ordinary share of Vahanna (each, “a Vahanna Ordinary Share”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Closing and not redeemed in connection with the Redemption (as defined below) remained outstanding and is now one Ordinary Share.

Further, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), Vahanna changed its name to “Roadzen Inc.”. Beginning on September 21, 2023, the Company’s Ordinary Shares and warrants trade on the Nasdaq Global Market and Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “RDZN” and “RDZNW” respectively.

The Company determined that Roadzen (DE) was the accounting acquirer in the Business Combination based on an analysis of the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification 805. The determination was primarily based on the following facts:

• Roadzen (DE) stockholders having a controlling voting interest in the Company;

• Roadzen (DE) existing management team serving as the initial management team of the Company.

• Roadzen (DE) management continuing to hold executive management roles for the post-combination company and being responsible for the day-to-day operations, and

• Roadzen. (DE) operations comprising the ongoing operations of the Company.

Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Roadzen (DE) issuing stock for the net assets of Vahanna, accompanied by a recapitalization. The primary assets acquired from Vahanna related to cash amounts and a forward purchase agreement ("FPA") that was assumed at fair value upon closing of the Business Combination. No goodwill or other intangible assets were recorded as a result of the Business Combination.

While Vahanna was the legal acquirer in the Business Combination, because Roadzen (DE) was deemed the accounting acquirer, the historical financial statements of Roadzen (DE) became the historical financial statements of the combined company upon the consummation of the Business Combination. As a result, the financial statements reflect (i) the historical operating results of Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of Vahanna and Roadzen (DE) following the closing of the Business Combination; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Roadzen (DE) at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.

In accordance with guidance applicable to these circumstances, the equity structure has been retroactively restated in all comparative periods up to the Closing Date, to reflect the number of Ordinary Shares, issued to Roadzen (DE) common shareholders, Roadzen (DE) convertible preferred shareholders and holders of Vahanna ordinary shares not redeemed in connection with the Redemption,as defined below in Note 3. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to Roadzen (DE) convertible preferred stock, the common stock of Roadzen (DE) and Vahanna Ordinary Shares not redeemed in connection with the Redemption prior to the Business Combination have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Basis of presentation and consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for these periods presented.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and reflect the financial statements of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an investee but exerts significant influence over the investee, the Company applies the equity method of accounting.

b) Liquidity and going concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern.

The Company has experienced operating losses in current and preceding years. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has negative operating cash flows. These events among others, raised substantial doubt over the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. The Company expects to have ongoing requirements for capital investment or debt to implement its business plans to achieve revenue growth forecast, control operating costs, and meet cash flow requirements. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon, among other things, the mitigation plan to (i) raise additional funds from existing or new credit facilities (ii) receive funds through Forward Purchase Agreement (FPA) (Refer Note 6(iii) for further information).

Post balance sheet date, the Company has undertaken multiple initiatives i.e. (i) restructure the current liabilities into equity or long-term liabilities, and (ii) execute term sheets for infusion of additional equity and debt totaling more than $50 million.These arrangements are contingent upon the completion and execution of definitive loan agreements and other documentation along with completion of legal and financial due diligence. The Company is hopeful of accomplishing its objectives through these measures in the anticipated time frame and also expects that the funds available through the above-mentioned arrangements will be sufficient to alleviate the doubts about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

c) Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, which affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumptions which management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and underlying assumptions, including those related to the allowance for accounts receivables, fair values of financial instruments, measurement of defined benefit obligations, impairment of non-financial assets, useful lives of property plant and equipment and intangible assets, income taxes, certain deferred tax assets and tax liabilities, and other contingent liabilities. Although these estimates are inherently subject to judgment and actual results could differ from those estimates, management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are reasonable.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

d) Revenue

Revenues consist primarily of revenue from:

• Insurance policy distribution in the form of commissions, brokerage, underwriting and other fees; and

• Insurance support services comprised of pre-inspection and risk assessment, roadside assistance, extended warranty, and claim processing using the Company’s IaaS platform.

The Company recognizes revenue at the time of transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenues cannot be recognized until the performance obligation(s) are satisfied and control is transferred to the customer.

Income from distribution of Insurance policies

Insurance policy distribution and brokerage income:

The Company enters into a contract with insurance companies for the purpose of distributing insurance products to the end consumers. The Company’s performance obligation under the contract is to sell insurance policies to earn commission, brokerage and other fees. Revenue from distribution services is recognized at a point in time when the related services are rendered as per the terms of the agreement with customer. Revenue is disclosed net of the Goods and Service tax charged on such services.

Distribution fee from underwriting and pricing

The Company enters into contract with insurance companies for the purpose of underwriting insurance products for the automotive segment including its pricing on behalf of insurer. The risk of underwriting the insurance contract is covered by the insurer and thus the Company is considered as an agent for the purpose of recognizing revenue. The Company’s performance obligation under the contract is to underwrite and price the policies. The Company generates underwriting fees termed as Managing General Agent fee (MGA fee) on provision of those services. The underwriting fee are determined as a percentage of net insurance premium payable to the insurer (net of all commission, royalties, and administration fees). Revenue from underwriting and pricing is recognized upfront based on point in time i.e., at the time the policy is issued to the customer.

IaaS platform enabled services:

Roadside assistance and extended warranty income:

The Company enters into a contract with insurance companies and other subscribers in order to provide roadside assistance services and extended warranty services to their policyholders/subscribers. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to provide roadside assistance and extended warranty services as a stand ready obligation. The Company is the primary obligor in the transaction and has the latitude in establishing prices and selecting and contracting with suppliers, and is accordingly considered as principal for the purpose of recognizing gross revenue. Revenue from roadside assistance and extended warranty services is recorded over the tenure of contract which is usuallyone year.

Inspection Income:

The Company enters into a contract with insurance companies primarily to inspect the vehicles for accident claims made by their policyholders. The Company’s performance obligation under the contract is to inspect and assist in assessing claims for and on behalf of the customer, i.e. the insurance companies. The Company engages with multiple vendors to provide these services in different geographies. The Company is the primary obligor in the transaction and has the latitude in establishing prices, and selecting and contracting with suppliers, and is accordingly considered as principal for the purpose of recognizing revenue. Revenue from inspection and risk assessment is recorded when the inspections are conducted and billed in arrears on a monthly basis.

Administration fee from Insurance support and service plan administration

The Company enters into a contract with insurance companies to provide insurance support services which includes premium collection, policy administration, claims handling and processing, customer service, updating customer files etc., to provide better customer experience for the policyholders/subscribers. Revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligations are satisfied through effort expended to research, investigate, evaluate, document and process the claims, and control of these services are transferred to customer s/insurance companies. The Company’s obligation to manage and process the claims under insurance support services can range fromone toseven years. The Company receives administration fees from its customers at inception of the contract prior to completion of transferring the services to the customer.

The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to provide the above services as a stand ready obligation. The obligation to provide insurance services lies with the insurer and the Company has no interest other than receiving the commission/management fee retained. The Company provides the above services on behalf of the insurance companies and is accordingly considered as an agent for the purpose of recognizing revenue.

The Company enters into contracts with Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs") primarily to administer the service plans/extended warranty schemes launched by OEMs. The Company’s performance obligation under these contracts is to administer these programs. The Company acts on behalf of the OEMs and is accordingly considered as an agent for the purpose of recognizing revenue, as the primary obligation to fulfill the service/extended warranty schemes belongs to the OEMs. The administration fees received from the provision of service plan administration is recorded ratably over the tenure of contract which usually ranges fromone toseven years.

Contract assets and liabilities

A contract asset (unbilled revenue) is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognized for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Contract liabilities consist of amounts paid by the Company’s customers for which the associated performance obligations have not been satisfied and revenue has not been recognized based on the Company’s revenue recognition criteria described above.

Contract liabilities are classified as current in the consolidated balance sheet when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur within one year of the balance sheet date and as long-term when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur in more than one year from the balance sheet date.

e) Cost of services

The cost of services for the Company's distribution business includes commissions paid to the channel partners, cost of employees and other direct expenses related to facilities.

For our IaaS platform-based services cost of revenue primarily consists of direct costs incurred for delivering the services to customers and the cost of onsite engineering support for roadside assistance, employee related expenses, risk assessment expense and other direct expenses. Amounts incurred towards vendors/suppliers for inspections and roadside assistance also form part of direct cost.

Cost of services are recognized as they are incurred.

f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents primarily represent cash and balances in current bank accounts. The Company considers all short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents.

g) Restricted cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash and cash equivalents are pledged as security for contractual arrangements. Restricted cash and cash equivalents are classified as current and noncurrent assets based on the term of the remaining restriction. The reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents to the consolidated balance sheets amounts are as follows:

h) Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk are reflected principally in cash and cash equivalents, investment in equity securities and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents and funds with banks that have high credit ratings, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one bank and conducts ongoing evaluations of the creditworthiness of the corporations and banks with which it does business. The Company holds cash and cash equivalent concentrations in financial institutions around the world in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses to date related to these concentrations.

i) Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivables are recorded at invoice value, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. On a periodic basis, management evaluates its accounts receivable and determines whether to provide an allowance or if any accounts should be written off based on a past history of write-offs, collections, and current credit conditions. A receivable is considered past due if the Company has not received payments based on agreed-upon terms

j) Property and equipment

Property and equipment represent the costs of furniture and fixtures, office and computer equipment, and leasehold improvements. Property and equipment cost also includes any costs necessarily incurred to bring asset to the condition and location necessary for its intended use. Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Depreciation is calculated using declining balance method over the assets’ estimated useful lives as follows:

Leasehold improvements related to office facilities are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvement.

The Company reviews the remaining estimated useful lives of its property and equipment on an ongoing basis. Management is required to use judgment in determining the estimated useful lives of such assets. Changes in circumstances such as technological advances, changes to the Company’s business model, changes in the Company’s business strategy, or changes in the planned use of property and equipment could result in the actual useful lives differing from the Company’s current estimates. In cases where the Company determines that the estimated useful life of property and equipment should be shortened or extended, the Company would apply the new estimated useful life prospectively.

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in operating expenses.

k) Intangible assets, net (including Intangibles under development)

The Company capitalizes costs incurred on its internal-use software during the application development stage as intangibles under development. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Once the developed software is available for intended use, capitalization ceases, and the Company estimates the useful life of the asset and begins amortization.

Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years and up to five.

The Company evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.

l) Leases

The company accounts for leases in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”). The company elected the “package of practical expedients,” which permits us not to reassess under ASC 842 our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The company made a policy election not to separate non-lease components from lease components, therefore, The company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify.

The company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception of the arrangement based on whether the company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of an identified asset and whether it has the right to direct the use of an identified asset in exchange for consideration, which relates to an asset which the company do not own. Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent the company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are recognized as the lease liability, adjusted for lease incentives received. Lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the company’s incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”), because the interest rate implicit in most of its leases is not readily determinable. The IBR is a hypothetical rate based on our understanding of what the company’s credit rating would be to borrow and resulting interest it would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment over the lease term on a collateralized basis. Lease payments may be fixed or variable; however, only fixed payments or in-substance fixed payments are included in the company’s lease liability calculation. Variable lease payments may include costs such as common area maintenance, utilities, real estate taxes or other costs. Variable lease payments are recognized in operating expenses in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.

Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, short term operating lease liabilities, current and long-term operating lease liabilities, non-current on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. For operating leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis in operations over the lease term. For finance leases, lease expense is recognized as depreciation and interest; depreciation on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest using the effective interest method.

m) Fair value measurements and financial instruments

The Company holds financial instruments that are measured and disclosed at fair value. Fair value is determined in accordance with a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs and assumptions used, and the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described as follows:

Level 1 inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The Company establishes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and established a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value. The recorded amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

n) Business combination

The Company accounts for an acquisition as a business combination if the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction constitute a business in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 "Business Combinations". Such acquisitions are accounted using the acquisition method i.e., by recognizing the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired business, measured at their acquisition date fair values. Where the set of assets acquired and liabilities assumed doesn't constitute a business, it is accounted for as an asset acquisition where the individual assets and liabilities are recorded at their respective relative fair values corresponding to the consideration transferred.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business acquisitions accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and is not amortized. Goodwill is measured and tested for impairment on an annual basis in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such events and changes may include significant changes in performance related to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, significant negative industry or economic trends, and changes in our business strategy.

The Company's test for goodwill impairment starts with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If qualitative factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. For the purposes of impairment testing, the Company determined that it has onlyone reporting unit. The Company completed the annual impairment test and recognized goodwill impairment charges in the years ended March 31, 2023.

o) Foreign currency

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are reported in U.S. Dollar ("USD"), the Parent Company’s functional currency. The functional currency for the Company’s subsidiaries in India, is the Indian Rupee ("INR"), the functional currency of the Company's subsidiary in the United Kingdom is the British Pound Sterling ("GBP") The translation of the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries into U.S. Dollar is performed for balance sheet accounts using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date and for revenues and expense accounts using an average exchange rate prevailing during the respective period. The gains or losses resulting from such translation are reported as currency translation adjustments ("CTA") under other comprehensive income/loss, under accumulated other comprehensive income/loss as a separate component of equity.

Monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiary’s functional currency are translated into their respective functional currency at the rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date. Transactions of the Company and its subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiary’s functional currency are translated into the respective functional currencies at the average exchange rate prevailing during the period of the transaction. The gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

p) Employee benefit plans

Contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to consolidated statements of operations in the period in which services are rendered by the covered employees. Current service costs for defined benefit plans are accrued in the period to which they relate. The liability from defined benefit plans is calculated annually by the Company using the projected unit credit method. Prior service cost, if any, resulting from an amendment to a plan is recognized and amortized over the remaining period of service of the covered employees.

The Company records annual amounts relating to its defined benefit plans based on calculations that incorporate various actuarial and other assumptions, including discount rates, mortality, future compensation increases and attrition rates. The Company reviews its assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is appropriate to do so. The effect of modifications to those assumptions is recorded in net periodic cost in its entirety immediately. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording its obligations under its plans are reasonable based on its experience and market conditions.

q) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method (FIFO) for all inventories.

r) Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In estimating future tax consequences, generally all expected future events other than enactments or changes in the tax law or rates are considered.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in tax positions recognized in the consolidated financial statements by recognizing a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their tax bases and for all operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the applicable tax law.

The Company regularly reviews the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and tax planning strategies. The Company’s judgment regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute the business plans and/or tax planning strategies. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the Company’s income tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed.

s) Income/loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders

The Company computes net income (loss) per share using the two-class method required for participating securities. The two-class method requires income available to ordinary shareholders for the period to be allocated between ordinary shares and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. For the reclassified periods prior to the Business Combination, the Roadzen (DE) convertible preferred stock is a participating security because holders of such shares have dividend rights in the event that a cash dividend was declared on the common stock of Roadzen (DE) at an amount equal to dividend paid on each share of Roadzen (DE) common stock. The convertible notes of Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination and of the Company at and subsequent to the Business Combination are not considered participating securities. The holders of the convertible preferred stock in Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination would have been would be entitled to dividends in preference to shareholders of Roadzen (DE) common stock, at specified rates, if declared. Then any remaining earnings would be distributed to the holders of Roadzen (DE) common stock and convertible preferred stock on a pro-rata basis assuming conversion of all convertible preferred stock into common stock of Roadzen (DE).

Basic net income/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income/(loss) attributable to Ordinary Shares or,Pre business combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE) by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares or Pre-Business combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE), outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income/(loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income/(loss) attributable to Ordinary Shares or, Pre-business combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE), by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares or, pre business combination, common stock of Roadzen (DE) and potentially dilutive securities that could have been outstanding for the period.

t) Investments

Equity securities

Equity investments with a readily determinable fair value, other than equity method investments, are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value, are measured at cost, less any impairment.

u) Commitments and contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Recoveries of environmental remediation costs from third parties that are probable of realization are separately recorded as assets and are not offset against the related environmental liability.

v) Expenses

Set forth below is a brief description of the components of the Company’s expenses:

i. Sales, Marketing and Business development expense

This function includes expenses incurred directly or indirectly for selling and marketing a product or service and costs spent on/by personnel employed under the sales or marketing department and share based compensation expenses. These expenses also include marketing efforts made by the Company to expand its market reach for distributing insurance policies. The expenses include advertisements through different mediums to reach end customers of insurance policies to enhance awareness and educate end customers.

ii. General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses include personnel costs for corporate, finance, legal and other support staff, including bonus and share based compensation expenses, professional fees, allowance for doubtful accounts and other corporate expenses.

iii. Research and Development expense

Research and development expense consists of personnel costs incurred by technology development team, subscription costs and other costs associated with ongoing improvements to and maintenance of internally developed software share based compensation and allocation of certain corporate costs.

w) Recently issued accounting pronouncements and not yet adopted.

The Company is an “emerging growth company”, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards and to adopt certain of the reduced disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies. As a result of the accounting standards election, the Company will not be subject to the same implementation timeline for new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies which may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements to those of other public companies more difficult.

i.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity," which signifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liability and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity's own equity. The standard reduces the number of models used to account for convertible instruments, removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and requires the if-converted method for calculation of diluted earnings per share for all convertible instruments. The ASU is effective for the Company for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.

ii.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (Topic 805). This ASU requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) from acquired contracts using the revenue recognition guidance in Topic 606. At the acquisition date, the acquirer applies the revenue model as if it had originated the acquired contracts. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the ASU should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is also permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If early adopted, the amendments are applied retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurred during the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.

iii.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. It requires a public entity to disclose the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this ASU retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.

iv.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which provides for additional disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to annually disclose the income tax rate reconciliation using both amounts and percentages, considering several categories of reconciling items, including state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, tax credits and nontaxable or nondeductible items, among others. Disclosure of the reconciling items is subject to a quantitative threshold and disaggregation by nature and jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose net income taxes paid or received to federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, as well as by individual jurisdiction, subject to a five percent quantitative threshold. ASU 2023 -09 may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.

x) Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Accounting Standards Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets by requiring an allowance to be recorded as an offset to the amortized cost of such assets. The standard primarily impacts the amortized cost of the Company's available-for-sale debt securities. The Company adopted this standard, which did not result in a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1, “Reorganization and Description of Business”, following the Closing of Business Combination, Roadzen (DE) was deemed the accounting acquirer of the Parent Company and the transition was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization.

Transaction proceeds

Upon the Closing, the Company received gross proceeds of $26,824. The following table reconciles the elements of the Business Combination to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and the condensed consolidated statement of changes in redeemable convertible preferred stock and shareholders’ equity (deficit) for the period ended March 31, 2024:

The number of shares of Ordinary Share issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination were:

The number of Roadzen (DE) shares was determined as follows:

Public and private placement warrants

In connection with Vahanna's initial public offering in 2021,10,004,994 public warrants were issued (the “Public Warrants”) and 9,152,087 warrants were issued in a private placement (the “Private Placement Warrants"; and the Private Placement Warrants together with the Public Warrants, collectively the "Warrants") all of which warrants remained outstanding and became warrants for the ordinary shares in the Company.

Redemption

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, certain Vahanna public shareholders exercised their right to redeem certain of their outstanding shares for cash, resulting in the redemption of 15,670,446 shares of Vahanna Class A Ordinary Share for an aggregate payment of $168,466,546 (the "Redemption").

4. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

5. Accounts receivables, net

The following table provides details of the Company's allowance for credit accounts:

6. Prepayments and other current assets

i.

Advances given include:

a.

$244,087 and $822,278 of advances to suppliers as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

b.

$119,220 and $55,753 of advances to employees as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Advances to employees include related party balances of $54,082 and $28,516 as of March 31, 2024 and as of March 31, 2023.

c.

c) $2,042,459 in advances were extended to Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited, FA Events & Media Private Limited, and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited. However, due to a loss of control over these entities during the year, the Company is doubtful on the recovery of these advances and has consequently created a provision.

ii.

Other receivables includes a provision of $2,800,000 created against amount to be received from a subscriber on account of issuance of preferred stock of Roadzen (DE) during the financial year 2023-24 which was converted to Ordinary Shares upon Business Combination

iii.

Forward purchase agreement

On August 25, 2023, Vahanna entered into an agreement with (i) Meteora Capital Partners, LP (“MCP”), (ii) Meteora Select Trading Opportunities Master, LP (“MSTO”), and (iii) Meteora Strategic Capital, LLC (“MSC” and, collectively with MCP and MSTO, “Seller”) (the “Forward Purchase Agreement” or “FPA”) for OTC Equity Prepaid Forward Transactions. Vahanna is referred to as the “Counterparty” prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, while the Parent Company is referred to as the “Counterparty” after the consummation of the Business Combination.

The Forward Purchase Agreement represents the recognition of the cash payments to the Seller of $46.2 million (including prepayment of $46.1 million and the reimbursable transaction cost of $0.1 million) and the forward purchase agreement with regard to 4,297,745 shares (recycled shares) and 702,255 shares (FPA subscription shares).The fair value of the forward purchase agreement is comprised of the Prepayment Amount ($46.2 million) and is reduced by the economics of the downside provided to the Sellers ($13.6 million) and the estimated consideration payment at the Cash Settlement Payment Date ($28.8 million). During the year ended March 31, 2024, an amount of $3.8 million was received from the Seller and accordingly the value of Forward Purchase Agreement was adjusted. The forward purchase agreement asset will be remeasured at fair value with changes in earnings in the future periods. Forward purchase agreement are treated as a Financial Instrument and revalued at each reporting date with the corresponding earnings (loss) reflected in the consolidated statements of operations as a change in fair value of Forward Purchase Agreement.

Assumptions used in calculating estimated fair value of Forward Purchase Agreement as of March 31, 2024 is as follows:

7. Non-marketable securities

a) Moonshot - Internet SAS ("Moonshot")

Roadzen (DE) invested $2,410,000 representing 6.68% equity stake in Moonshot - Internet SAS, a simplified Joint Stock Company existing under the laws of France, which is a subsidiary of Societe Generale. Moonshot is an Insurtech company, registered as an insurance broker, which specializes in usage-based insurance products and services dedicated to E-Commerce. Roadzen (DE) has a representative on the board of directors of Moonshot, however the investment of 6.68% does not give Roadzen (DE) the ability to significantly influence the operating and financial policies of Moonshot, since majority ownership of Moonshot is concentrated with a single shareholder. Therefore, Roadzen (DE) uses the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values for its investment in Moonshot. The Company carries this investment at cost, less impairment.

b) Daokang (Beijing) Data Science Company Ltd. ('Daokang')

Roadzen (DE) entered into a joint venture contract with WI Harper VIII LLP and Shangrao Langtai Daokang Information Technology Co. Ltd. and invested an amount of $2,500,030 (representing a 34.5% of equity interest) of Daokang. Despite its significant equity interest in Daokang, Roadzen (DE) has attempted but has not been able to obtain adequate financial information as per USGAAP to apply equity method. Predecessor Roadzen, therefore, was unable to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Daokang. Accordingly, Roadzen (DE) used the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values for its investment in Daokang. The Company carries this investment at cost, less impairment.

The Company evaluates its non-marketable equity securities for impairment in each reporting period based on a qualitative assessment that considers various potential impairment indicators. This evaluation consists of several factors including, but not limited to, an assessment of significant adverse change in the economic environment, significant adverse changes in the general market condition of the geographies and industries in which our investees operate, and other available financial information as per the local reporting requirements applicable to the relevant jurisdictions that affects the value of our non-marketable equity securities. Based on such assessment, the Company has created an impairment of $2,140,530 for Moonshot - Internet SAS and $1,254,704 for Daokang (Beijing) Data Science Company Ltd.

8. Property and equipment, net

The components of property and equipment, net were as follows:

The Company capitalized $687,130 (net of disposal and CTA impact of $106 and $(1,180), respectively) and $59,568 (net of disposal and CTA impact of $137,230 and $43,496, respectively) for the year ended March 31, 2024 and as of March 31, 2023, respectively out of which $396,123 is related to acquisition of FA Premium Insurance Broking Pvt. Ltd., Global Insurance Management Limited and National Automobile Club. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company ceases to hold board control over Peoplebay

Consultancy Services Private Limited, FA Events & Media Private Limited with effect from October 1, 2023 and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited with effect from January 1, 2024, as a result property and equipment worth $73,641 have been derecognized. The Company capitalized $28,008 and $115,383 towards computers for the year March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense relating to property and equipment amounted to $152,113 and $145,614 for the year March 31, 2024 and for March 31, 2023 respectively out of which $77,422 and $97,996 relate to computer for the year March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

9. Intangible assets, net

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company acquired intangible assets worth $4,955,565 related to FA Premium Insurance Broking Pvt. Ltd., Global Insurance Management Limited and National Automobile Club. The Company ceases to hold board control over Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited and FA Events & Media Private Limited with effect from October 1, 2023 and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited with effect from January 1, 2024, as a result intangible assets worth $2,017,117 have been derecognized and impairment on customer contract of $335,185 has been reversed.

Further during the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company performed qualitative assessment for intangible assets and indicated that it was more likely than not that the carrying value of the acquired entities exceeded its fair value, therefore, it did not result in an impairment.

During the year ended March 31,2023, the Company has decided to shift its focus more on insurance distribution services rather than engaging into insurance support services. Due to the change in the business strategy, it was more likely than not that the carrying value of the distribution entities exceeded its fair value. As a result, the Company performed an impairment assessment by comparing the fair value of the affected entities (FA Events and Media Private Limited, Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited, Kintsugi Innovation Labs Private Limited) to its carrying value. Fair value was determined by using DCF(discounted cashflow method) which is a level 3 measurement. The carrying value of the affected entities exceeded its fair value and as a result, an impairment charge of $254,614 (including CTA impact of $9,915) was recorded in consolidated statements of operations under the head "Impairment of goodwill and intangibles with definite life" for the year ended March 31, 2023.

The estimated amortization schedule for the Company’s intangible assets for future periods is set out below:

10. Other long-term assets

11. Accounts payable and accrued expenses

1. As the accounting acquirer, Roadzen (DE) is deemed to have assumed certain accounts payables which was obtained in connection with Business Combination amounting to $17,422,094 due to transaction costs in consummating the Business Combination. Accounts payable consists related party balance of $5,979 and USDNIL as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 respectively. Accrued expenses included the amount of USD 0.57 million on account of interest due but not paid.

2. Amount due to employees consists of reimbursements and salaries payable. The total includes related parties balance of $95,971 and $45,162 as of March 31, 2024 and as of March 31, 2023, respectively.

12. Other current liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

Other Payables include consideration payable on acquisition of National Automobile Club amounting $488,000 during the year March 31, 2024.

13. Derivative warrant liabilities

Fair valuation of warrants issued or to be issued to lenders as a part of a senior secured note agreement entered into between Roadzen (DE) and Mizuho Securities USA LLC ("Mizuho") as administrative agent amounting to $5,585,955. Each warrant grants the holder the right to purchase one Ordinary Share of the Company at an exercise price of $0.001 with a cashless settlement option where the difference between the exercise price and the market price would be paid to the warrant holder in the form of Ordinary Shares. Since the Company has warrants traded under the symbol RDZNW, market price method was used to compute the fair market value on the reporting date. The warrants issued are recognized as derivative liabilities and were initially measured using the Black-Scholes model and are subsequently remeasured at each reporting period with changes recorded in consolidated statements of operation. As per the agreement entered into, if the principal and interest payments are not made as per the repayment schedule, the Company is obliged to issue warrants in the following sequence:

A comparison of the assumptions used in calculating estimated fair value of warrants due as of March 31, 2024 is as follows:

14. Borrowings

A. Long-term borrowings consist of the following:

a.

Loans from banks:

The above loan is a vehicle loan and secured by way of hypothecation against vehicle for which loan is granted.

b. Secured debentures:

The debentures are secured by a subordinated lien on intellectual property, current assets and movable property and equipment of certain material foreign subsidiaries. The Company has not honored the repayment of debentures on the due date.

c. Convertible debenture

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued $1.10 million unsecured convertible debentures to different parties which has a maturity of December 15, 2025. The instruments carry an interest of 13% per annum.

Redemption/Conversion features of the instrument

On Maturity: If any amount of principal or interest under the notes remain outstanding on the maturity date, the Company shall repay the principal together with payment of accrued interest.

Optional Conversion: The unpaid principal amount of this Debenture (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) shall be convertible, in whole or in part, at the option of the Holder at any time prior to the payment in full of the principal amount of this Debenture, into such number of shares of fully paid up Ordinary Shares as is determined by dividing the principal amount of the Debenture so converted (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) by the Conversion Price i.e. $10 per share.

However the conversion price would undergo a change in case the volume weighted average price ("VWAP") of the Ordinary Shares is lesser than the conversion price.

Mandatory Conversion by Company: If at any time after the Original Issuance Date, of the closing price of the Common Stock of the company for any 20 Trading Days within a consecutive 30 Trading Day-period exceeding 130% of the then-applicable Conversion Price, then the Company shall thereafter have the right, at any time upon written notice to the Holder, to convert the unpaid principal amount of this Debenture (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) into such number of shares of fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock as is determined by dividing the principal amount of the Debenture (together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon) by the Conversion Price (a “Company Conversion”).

Warrants Entitlement: Company shall issue the warrants to the debentureholder within 90 days of the closing of the securities purchase agreement. The warrants shall be equivalent to the 10% of the original principal balance of the notes.The exercise price of the Warrants shall be eight dollars and fifty cents ($8.50) per Warrant Share. The Warrants shall expire five (5) years after issuance.

A comparison of the assumptions used in calculating estimated fair value of warrants due as of March 31, 2024 is as follows:

d. As of March 31, 2024, the aggregate maturities of long-term borrowings are as follows:

B. Short-term borrowings

a)

Loans from banks and others

Loan from banks includes a loan facility taken by Good Insurance Brokers Private Limited from The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited for an amount of $0.5 million and same is secured by way of exclusive charge of hypothecation of entire current assets both present and future, exclusive charge over deposit under lien to the extent of 50% and Corporate Guarantee (CGT) from Roadzen (DE) alongwith relevant certified true copy of the Board Resolution and constitutional documents.

b)

Loan from others

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, Roadzen (DE) entered into a $7.5 million senior secured notes agreement with a syndicate of lenders which has a maturity date of June 28, 2024. The secured notes carry an interest of 15% per annum. The syndicate of lenders are entitled to receive a warrant to purchase an agreed number of Ordinary Shares in case the loan is not fully repaid by Roadzen (DE) within six months from the issue date.

As the accounting acquirer, Roadzen (DE) is deemed to have assumed promissory note amounting to $2.46 million at a discount of 10% which was obtained to finance transaction costs in connection with the Business Combination. The Promissory note is not convertible and interest of 20% per annum is due and payable upon earlier of the date on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination or the date of the liquidation of the Company. The company has not honored repayment of the promissory note on the due date.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, Good Insurance Brokers Private Limited has taken a loan facility from Mufin Green Finance Limited for $0.94 million bearing interest repayable in the monthly installments upto November 2024 @17.5% and from Hindon Mercantile Limited $0.48 millions bearing interest @21% repayable in bullet payment of each tranche within 60 days from the date of disbursement.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the company has issued $0.5 million notes at an interest rate of 17.5% per annum and mature on the sixth month anniversary of the the funding of the notes. The interest rate on the notes can be increased maximum upto 29% as per the applicable condition of repayment.

As the accounting acquirer, Roadzen (DE) is deemed to have assumed Convertible Promissory Note amounting to $1.03 million which was obtained to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination. The Convertible Promissory Notes is a non-interest bearing instrument and payable upon the consummation of a Business Combination or may be convertible into warrants of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the holder's discretion. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants described in note 19. The company has not honored repayment of the promissory note on the due date.

Fair Value of the Warrants:

15. Other long-term liabilities

16. Employee benefit plans

The Company has employee benefit plans in the form of certain statutory and other programs covering its employees.

Defined benefit plan (unfunded)

In accordance with Indian law, the Company provides a defined benefit retirement plan (the “Gratuity Plan”) covering substantially all of its Indian employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees upon retirement or termination of employment in an amount based on each employee’s salary and duration of employment with the Company. The Gratuity Plan benefit cost for the year is calculated on an actuarial basis. The Company contributes the required funding for all ascertained liabilities to the Gratuity Plan. There is no plan asset against the defined benefit plan.

The following table sets forth the amounts recognized in the Company’s financial statements based on actuarial valuations carried out as of March 31 2024 and 2023

The estimated net defined benefit plan cost over the next fiscal year is $14,192

The Company evaluates these assumptions based on projections of the Company’s long-term growth and prevalent industry standards.

The Company’s expected benefit plan payments are based on the same assumptions that were used to measure the Company’s benefit obligations as of March 31, 2024.

Defined contribution plans

The Company makes contributions to Employee provident fund and Employee state insurance, determined as a specified percentage of employee salaries, in respect of qualifying employees towards defined contribution schemes. During the years March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company contributed $332,169 and $115,947 respectively to defined contribution plans in India and the United Kingdom.

17. Mezzanine equity

As discussed in Note 1, The Company has retroactively adjusted the shares issued and outstanding equity of Roadzen (DE) prior to the Business Combination to give effect to the conversion ratio to determine the number of Ordinary shares into which the convertible preferred stock of Roadzen (DE) were converted.

As of March 31, 2023, the redeemable convertible preferred stock consisted of the following:

Upon the closing of the Business Combination,1,539,566 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding in Roadzen (DE) were converted into 41,894,536 shares of ordinary shares of parent company at the conversion ratio.

As of March 31, 2024, no shares of convertible preferred stock of Roadzen (DE) were outstanding.

18. Ordinary shares

As of March 31, 2024, the Company was authorized to issue 220,000,000 shares of ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value.

As a result of the business combination, all of Vahanna's Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock automatically converted into 10,044,309 shares of the Company's ordinary shares on aone-for-one basis and issued and outstanding shares of Roadzen (DE)'s common stock were converted into 58,396,520 Ordinary shares of company at the conversion ratio.

The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled toone vote per share at meetings of the Company. In the event of liquidation, the holders of ordinary shares are eligible to receive an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company based on their percent of ownership.

As of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023,68,440,829 and 16,501,984 shares of the Company's ordinary shares were issued and were outstanding, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company’s ordinary shares reserved for future issuance on an as-converted basis:

19. Warrants

Vahanna's 10,004,994 Public Warrants and 9,152,087 Private Placement Warrants remained outstanding and became warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares in the Company upon the close of the Business Combination.

As of March 31, 2024, there were 10,004,994 Public Warrants outstanding. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one Ordinary Share at a price of $11.50 per share. The Public Warrants became exercisable as of October 20, 2023. The Public Warrants will expire five years from the consummation of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:

•

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

•

upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption given after the warrants become exercisable (the “30-day redemption period”) to each warrant holder; and

•

if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing once the warrants become exercisable and ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, as described above, its management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, except as described below, the Public Warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of Ordinary Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Public Warrants.

As of March 31, 2024, there were 9,152,087 Private Placement Warrants outstanding. The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or saleable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions.

20. Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by the Company's service offerings:

There were two customer that individually represented 29% and 21% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended March 31, 2024 and two customers that individually represented 28% and 18% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2024.

There were two customer that individually represented 24% and 15% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended March 31, 2023 and two customers that individually represented 25% and 14 % of the Company’s accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2023.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of Company's performance. Deferred revenue primarily relate to commission and distribution income and insurance as a service. The amount of revenue recognized for the period ended March 31, 2024 that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2023 was $108,442. The amount of revenue recognized in the year ended March 31, 2023 that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of March 31, 2022 was $292,031. The Company's remaining performance obligations in contracts with customers will be completed within 12 months from the reporting date.

Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that become a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from the timing of revenue recognition or cash collection and are included in "prepayments and other current assets" in the consolidated balance sheets which will be billed in the month subsequent to the period in which performance obligations were satisfied.

21. Business combinations

a) Global Insurance Management Limited

During the period ended June 30, 2023, Roadzen (DE) (on June 30, 2023) acquired 100% of the equity interests in Global Insurance Management Limited for a cash consideration of $3,998,000. Global Insurance Management Limited was incorporated in United Kingdom and is engaged in the business of underwriting, pricing and distribution of Insurance products. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has transferred the entire consideration and Roadzen (DE) has exercised board control over Global Insurance Management from June 30, 2023. The financial results of Global Insurance Management have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from June 30, 2023 as the Company has possessed the power to direct the relevant activities of Global Insurance Management from the Share Purchase Agreement date.

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributed to the synergies expected from marketing expertise and penetration which the acquiree possesses.

b) National Automobile club

During the period ended June 30, 2023, Roadzen (DE) (on June 06, 2023) acquired 100% of the equity interests in National Automobile Club for a cash consideration of $2,238,000. National Automobile Club was incorporated in the United States of America and is engaged in the business of Roadside Assistance services. As of March 31, 2024, Roadzen (DE) has transferred a consideration amounting to $1,750,000, however, Roadzen (DE) exercises board control over National Automobile Club from June 06, 2023. The financial results of National Automobile Club have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from June 06, 2023 as the Company possess the power to direct the relevant activities of National Automobile Club from the Share Purchase Agreement date.

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributed to the synergies expected from marketing expertise and penetration which the acquiree possesses.

c) FA Premium Insurance Broking Private Limited

During the period ended September 30, 2023, Roadzen (DE) (on July 1, 2023) acquired 100% of the equity interests in FA Premium Insurance Broking Private Limited for a consideration of $1,279,820. FA Premium Insurance Broking Private Limited was incorporated in India and is engaged in the business of broking services. As of March 31, 2024, Roadzen (DE) has transferred a consideration amounting to $1,204, however, Roadzen (DE) exercises board control over FA Premium Insurance Broking Private Limited, accordingly it has been consolidated with effect from.from July 1, 2023.

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributed to the synergies expected from marketing expertise and penetration which the acquiree possesses.

d)Goodwill

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company acquired Global Insurance Management Limited, National Automobile Club and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited with a goodwill of $632,126, $439,517 and $404,042. The Company ceases to hold board control over Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited, FA Events & Media Private Limited with effect from October 1, 2023 and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited with effect from January 1, 2024 and as a result goodwill related to FA Premium Insurance Private Limited has been derecognized; goodwill related to Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited and FA Events & Media Private Limited which was previously impaired has been reversed.

The Company performed qualitative assessment for other entities and indicated that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the acquired entities exceeded its carrying value, therefore, the assessment did not result in an impairment.

During the year ended March 31,2023, the Company decided to shift its focus more on insurance distribution services rather than engaging into insurance support services. Due to the change in the business strategy, it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the distribution and marketing entities exceeded its fair value. As a result, the company performed a goodwill impairment assessment during the year ended March 31, 2023, by comparing the fair value of the affected entities (FA Events and Media Private Limited, Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited, Kintsugi Innovation Labs Private Limited) to its carrying value. Fair value was determined by using DCF(discounted cashflow method) which is a level 3 measurement. The carrying value of the affected entities exceeded its fair value and as a result, a goodwill impairment charge of $664,903 (including amount of $24,591 due to foreign exchange fluctuation) was recorded in consolidated statements of operations under the head "Impairment of goodwill and intangibles with definite life" during the year ended 31st March 2023.

22. Deconsolidation of subsidiaries

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company ceases to hold board control over Peoplebay Consultancy Services Private Limited , FA Events & Media Private Limited with effect from October 1, 2023 and FA Premium Insurance Private Limited with effect from January 1, 2024 and, as a result, it has neither got board control nor a controlling financial interest in these subsidiaries from the date of deconsolidation. Entire interest in the above mentioned subsidiaries ceases to exist and as on March 31, 2024 there is no retained investment. A gain of $2,098,745 has been recorded as a result of loss of board control in these subsidiaries. None of these subsidiaries will remain as a related party after deconsolidation from their respective loss of control dates.

Details of Ownership interest held in the former subsidiaries:

*Acquired on July 1, 2023.

23. Financial instruments

The Company measures the convertible debentures, derivative warrant liabilities and forward purchase agreement asset at their fair values. The Company’s derivative warrant liabilities are categorized as Level 1 because they are measured based on observable listed prices of such instrument. Convertible debentures and Forward Purchase Agreement are categorized as Level 3 because of unobservable inputs and other estimation techniques due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the tenure of such financial instruments.

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024:

The Company uses a third-party valuation specialist to assist management in its determination of the fair value of its Level 1 classified derivative warrant liabilities. The fair value of these financial instruments is based on the volatility of its ordinary share warrants, based on implied volatility from the Company’s traded warrants and from historical volatility of select peer company’s ordinary shares that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. For key aspects of valuation of convertible debentures refer note 13.

The Company uses a third party valuation specialist to assist management in its determination of the fair value of its Level 3 classified convertible debentures and Forward Purchase Agreement. The instruments were fair valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model utilizing assumptions related to the contractual term of the instruments and current interest rates. For key aspect of the valuation inputs refer notes 14 (c) and 6 (iii) respectively.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024:

Assets measured at Fair Value on a non-recurring basis

The Company’s non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment are adjusted to fair value when an impairment charge is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominately on Level 3 inputs.

Non-Marketable Equity Securities

The Company measures its non-marketable equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values under the measurement alternative at cost less impairment, adjusted by price changes from observable transactions recorded within "Other income/(expense) net" in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values and primarily relate to its investment in Daokang and Moonshot. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a impairment loss for its non-marketable equity securities, refer note 7.

Management of risks

Interest rate risk - Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to change to market interest rates. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk for its long-term debts where the interest rates are variable according to the market conditions.

Foreign currency risk - The Company monitors its foreign currency exposures on a regular basis. The operations are primarily denominated in United States Dollars, Pounds Sterling, Indian Rupees and Euros. For the purpose of analyzing foreign currency exchange risk, we considered the historical trends in foreign currency exchange rates. Based on a sensitivity analysis we have performed as of March 31, 2024, an adverse 10% foreign currency exchange rate change applied to total monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the United States Dollar would not have a material effect on our financial statements.

24. Sum due to insurer

Represents the net amounts of premium due to insurer based on the respective contract with each insurer. The net amount due is equal to the gross written premium less the Company’s commission for policies that have reached their effective date. Sum due to insurer includes $8,918,849 as of March 31, 2024, which represents funds from the insurer to meet working capital requirements/ contingencies arising out of claim settlement.

25. Investments

These balances include certain investments in mutual funds that are recorded at fair value. Any changes to the fair value are recorded in "Fair value gains/(losses) in financial instruments carried at fair value" due to the election of the fair value option of accounting for financial instruments.

26. Commitments and contingencies

A. Commitments

Dividend on Preferred stock

As of March 31, 2024, no shares of convertible preferred stock were outstanding. In view of losses, cumulative dividend of $477,101 in respect of Preferred stock of Roadzen (DE) (Series A and A1 stock) was not provided as of March 31, 2023 respectively.

B. Leases - Accounted as per ASC 842 for the Period Ended March 31, 2024

Operating leases

The Company leases office space under non-cancellable operating lease agreements, which expire on various dates through April 2031. Some property leases contain extension options exercisable by the Company. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Rent expense for operating leases for the period ended March 31, 2024 was $260,116. The components of lease cost for the period ended March 31, 2024 is summarized below:

(i) The following tables presents the various components of lease costs:

(ii) The following table presents supplemental information relating to the cash flow and non cash flows arising from lease transactions. Cash payments related to short-term leases are not included in the measurement of operating liabilities, and, as such, are excluded from the amounts below.

(iii) Balance sheet information related to leases are as follows:

(iv) Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (In years)

(v) Weighted Average Discount Rate

(vi) Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

*The lease liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars using the closing rate for the period ended March 31, 2024

C. Litigation and loss contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be subject to other legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and government inquiries (collectively, "Legal Proceedings") in the ordinary course of business. It may receive claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights, defamation, labor and employment rights, privacy, and contractual rights. There are no currently pending Legal Proceedings that the Company believes will have a material adverse impact on the business or consolidated financial statements.

D. Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which the Company agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including losses arising out of intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties, if the Company has violated applicable laws, if the Company is negligent or commits acts of wilful misconduct, and other liabilities with respect to its products and services and its business. In these circumstances, payment is typically conditional on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its consolidated financial statements.

27. Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the number of weighted-average outstanding ordinary shares. Diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders is determined by giving effect to all potential common equivalents during the reporting period, unless including them yields an antidilutive result. The Company considers its preferred stocks, convertible notes and share warrants as potential common equivalents, but excluded them from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders in the periods presented, as their effect was antidilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders and preferred stock holders:

The following table summarizes the number of potential Ordinary Shares equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders for the periods presented:

28. Income Taxes

The Company's net loss before provision for income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 were as follows:

The components of the provision for income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 were as follows:

The following is a reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023:

The components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets as of the year ended March 31, 2024 and year ended March 31, 2023 were as follows:

Movement recognized in net deferred tax assets:

The Company regularly reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and tax planning strategies. The Company's judgment regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute the business plans and/or tax planning strategies. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the Company's income tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed. The Company's valuation allowance increased by $17,429,473 during the Year ended March 31, 2024 and $2,515,200 during the year ended March 31, 2023.

The Company has not provided U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because the Company intends to permanently reinvest such earnings outside the U.S.

Net operating loss and credit carry forwards

As of March 31, 2024, the Company has U.S. federal net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $85,862,820 of which none are subject to limitation under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (IRC Section 382). The federal net operating loss carry forwards that were generated prior to the 2018 tax year will begin to expire in 2030 if not utilized. For net operating loss carry forwards arising in tax years beginning after March 31, 2017, the tax act limits the Company's ability to utilize carry forwards to 80% of taxable income, however, these operating losses may be carried forward indefinitely. The state (Delaware) net operating loss carry forwards will begin to expire in 2032 if not utilized. The Company has foreign tax credits which will expire at the end of 8 years from the end of the assessment year in which these tax credits were originated.

Utilization of the net operating loss carry forwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change provisions of IRC Section 382 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the inability to fully offset future annual taxable income and could result in the expiration of net operating loss carry forwards before utilization. The Company continually reviews the impact to net operating losses of any ownership changes.

Unrecognized tax benefits

The Company has adopted authoritative guidance which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s income tax return, and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The Company didnot have any unrecognized tax benefits with a significant impact on its financial statements as of March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company's major tax jurisdictions are India, the United Kingdom and the U.S. The U.S. federal, state and foreign jurisdictions have statutes of limitations that generally range from three to six years. Due to the Company's net losses, substantially all of its federal and state income tax returns are subject to examination for federal and state purposes.

29. Segment reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity where discrete financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in asingle reporting segment.

30. Stock based compensation

The share-based compensation awards issued under the Company’s 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan to the Company’s employees, officers, directors, are all equity-classified instruments. Restricted stock units ("RSUs") outstanding as of March 31, 2024 have service vesting conditions ofone year. Compensation expenses are based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and recognized over the requisite service period using a straight-line method for stock options and a graded vesting method for RSUs. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures of employee stock awards as they occur.

Share-based compensation is in the form of restricted stock units (RSUs). The fair value per RSU is calculated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.

Option value and assumption

Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs granted to employees was $56,303,135 for the year ended March 31, 2024, the unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was approximately $48,834,353 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 6 months.