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Veritone Inc

For the period ended Mar 31, 2024. Filed May 10, 2024.

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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Mar 31, 2024 · Filed May 10, 2024

VERI$0.48+1.2%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share data and percentages)

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Veritone, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Veritone,” and together with its subsidiaries, collectively, the “Company”), is a provider of artificial intelligence (“AI”) computing solutions. The Company’s proprietary AI operating system, aiWARETM, uses machine learning algorithms, or AI models, together with a suite of powerful applications, to reveal valuable insights from vast amounts of structured and unstructured data. The aiWARE platform offers capabilities that mimic human cognitive functions such as perception, prediction and problem solving, enabling users to quickly, efficiently and cost effectively transform unstructured data into structured data, and analyze and optimize data to drive business processes and insights. aiWARE is based on an open architecture that enables new AI models, applications and workflows to be added quickly and efficiently, resulting in a scalable and evolving solution that can be leveraged by organizations across a broad range of business sectors, serving commercial enterprises as well as government and regulated industries.

In addition, the Company operates a full-service advertising agency that leverages the Company’s aiWARE technologies to provide differentiated Managed Services to its clients. The Company’s advertising services include media planning and strategy, advertisement buying and placement, campaign messaging, clearance verification and attribution, and custom analytics, specializing in host-endorsed and influencer advertising across primarily radio, podcasting, streaming audio, social media and other digital media channels. The Company’s advertising services also include its VeriAds Network, which is comprised of programs that enable broadcasters, podcasters and social media influencers to generate incremental advertising revenue. The Company also offers cloud-native digital content management solutions and licensing services, primarily to customers in the media and entertainment market. These offerings leverage the Company’s aiWARE technologies, providing customers with unique capabilities to enrich and drive expanded revenue opportunities from their content.

On June 13, 2023, the Company acquired Broadbean (as defined in Note 3), a global leader of talent acquisition software-as-a-service technology. For further details on this acquisition, refer to Note 3.

NOTE 2. PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not contain all information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Such unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are based on the representations of the Company’s management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the information included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024. Interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results the Company will have for the full year ending December 31, 2024.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which are normal, recurring and necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial data and the other information disclosed in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements reflected in the three month periods presented are unaudited. The December 31, 2023 balance sheet included herein was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures or notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company used cash in operations of $76,421 and generated cash flows from operations of $3,737, respectively, and incurred net losses of $58,625 and $25,557, respectively. During thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company generated cash flows from operations of$15,931 and used cash in operations of $33,785, respectively, and incurred net losses of$25,198 and $22,963, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of$455,094. Historically, the Company has satisfied its capital needs with the net proceeds from sales of its equity securities, issuances of its convertible debt, borrowings under its term loan and the exercises of common stock options and warrants.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company generated cash flows from operations of$15,931, driven principally by the timing of payments from customers and from client advances, partially offset by the Company’s net loss of$25,198. The Company used cash in investing activities of$1,901, driven principally by capital expenditures, and used cash in financing activities of$2,674, driven principally by the settlement of contingent and deferred consideration. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $91,662, including long term restricted cash of $929. Based on the Company's liquidity position as of March 31, 2024 and the Company's current forecast of operating results and cash flows, absent any other action, management determined that the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations for the foreseeable future, including over the next twelve months.

In the near term and to meet its obligations as they come due, the Company expects to capture these and potential future cost synergies from the Company’s past acquisitions. The Company expects the cost synergies coupled with the additional cost reduction measures to enable the Company to continue operations for the foreseeable future, including over the next twelve months.

Use of Accounting Estimates

The preparation of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The principal estimates relate to the accounting recognition and presentation of revenue, allowance for credit losses, purchase accounting, impairment of long-lived assets, the valuation of contingent consideration, the valuation of senior secured debt, the valuation of non-cash consideration received in barter transactions and the evaluation of its realizability, the valuation of stock awards and stock warrants and income taxes, where applicable.

There has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets due to a number of factors including the wars in Ukraine and Israel, the global inflationary environment and high interest rates. The war in Israel has also adversely impacted the Company’s business operations because the Company has an office and personnel based in Herzliya, Israel. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

Significant Customers

During and as of the three months ended March 31, 2024, no individual customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue andone individual customer accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable. During and as of the three months ended March 31, 2023, one individual customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue andtwo individual customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023.

Contract Balances

Contract liabilities are recorded as deferred revenue when customer payments are received in advance of the Company meeting all the revenue recognition criteria. The Company recognized $5,742 of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2023.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction prices under the Company’s contracts allocated to the Company’s remaining performance obligations was $26,734, approximately 48.0% of which the Company expects to recognize as revenue over the next twelve months, and the remainder thereafter to be recognized over the next three years. This aggregate amount excludes amounts allocated to remaining performance obligations under contracts that have an original duration of one year or less and variable consideration that is allocated to remaining performance obligations. Excluded based on this policy are balances related to Veritone Hire solutions representing gross purchase orders to be satisfied in less than one year. Revenues will be recognized net of costs to fulfill these orders.

Segment Information

The Company operates asone reportable segment. The Company reports segment information based on the internal reporting used by the chief operating decision maker for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company’s reportable segments.

Seasonality

The Company experiences seasonal fluctuations in its revenue and operating performance as a result of the utilization of its platform and associated revenues from its Software Products & Services. In particular, Veritone Hire solutions revenues and advertising have historically been higher in the second half of each fiscal year, consistent with the hiring and spending cycles of the Company’s larger customers. The Company also experiences seasonality as a result of factors such as the timing of large projects, the length and complexity of sales cycles, trends impacting the Company’s target vertical markets and the Company’s revenue recognition policies and any changes to those policies. Within a given quarter, a higher proportion of the Company’s agreements are signed toward the end of such quarter. Although these seasonal factors are common in the technology industry, historical patterns should not be considered a reliable indicator of our future sales activity or performance.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies from those disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. This standard was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2023 and the impact of the adoption was not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements as credit losses are not expected to be significant based on historical collection trends, the financial condition of payment partners, and external market factors.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires entities to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in order to align the recognition of a contract liability with the definition of a performance obligation. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2023. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND DIVESTITURE

Broadbean Acquisition

On June 13, 2023, the Company acquired Broadbean (as defined below), a global leader of talent acquisition software-as-a-service technology, pursuant to a securities and asset purchase agreement whereby the Company acquired (i)100% of the issued and outstanding share capital of (a)Broadbean Technology Pty Ltd I, (b) Broadbean Technology Limited, (c) Broadbean, Inc., and (d) CareerBuilder France S.A.R.L., and (ii) certain assets and liabilities related thereto (the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii) together, “Broadbean”). The acquisition is intended to strengthen Veritone’s AI-driven human resources product suite, building on the Company’s previous acquisition of PandoLogic.

The total purchase consideration was $53,301 (the “Broadbean Acquisition Consideration”), which consisted of cash payments of $53,301 at closing. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $4,214 in acquisition-related expenses. The following table summarizes the fair value of the Broadbean Acquisition Consideration:

Broadbean Acquisition ConsiderationAmount
Cash consideration at closing$53,301

The allocation of the Broadbean Acquisition Consideration to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on estimated fair values and is as follows:

Allocation of Broadbean Acquisition Consideration**As ReportedMeasurement Period AdjustmentAs Adjusted
Cash and cash equivalents$3,029$4$3,033
Accounts receivable, net7,910(93)7,817
Prepaid expenses and other current assets1,008(1)1,007
Property, equipment and improvements, net4,348(4,005)343
Intangible assets27,500—27,500
Other assets1,1152,3713,486
Total assets acquired44,910(1,724)43,186
Accounts payable1,369(262)1,107
Deferred revenue10,134(105)10,029
Other accrued liabilities4,5654895,054
Other non-current liabilities7,565(947)6,618
Total liabilities assumed23,633(825)22,808
Identifiable net assets acquired21,277(899)20,378
Goodwill31,94797632,923
Total purchase consideration$53,224$77$53,301

**The excess of the total consideration over the tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is primarily attributable to opportunities to cross-sell into our Commercial Enterprise customer base and to the assembled workforce. Tax deductible goodwill generated from the acquisition is $3,728.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company continued finalizing its valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Broadbean based on new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments, as shown in the table above.

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The identifiable intangible assets acquired consisted of the customer relationships and developed technology with estimated useful lives offour tofive years. The Company amortizes the fair value of these intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their respective useful lives.

Developed technology relates to Broadbean’s internally developed software. The Company valued the developed technology using the relief- from- royalty method under the income approach. This method is based on the application of a royalty rate to forecasted revenue that is expected to be generated by the existing developed technology. The economic useful life was determined based on the technology cycle related to the developed technology, as well as the timing of cash flows over the forecast period. Customer relationships relate to the sales of products and services to Broadbean’s existing customer base. The Company valued the customer relationships using the multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach. This method reflects the present value of the projected cash flows that are expected to be generated by the existing customer relationships less charges representing the contribution of other assets to those cash flows. The economic useful life was determined based on historical customer turnover rates, as well as the timing of cash flows over the forecast period.

The valuation of the intangible assets acquired along with their estimated useful lives, is as follows:

EstimatedFair ValueEstimated Useful Lives (in years)
Customer relationships$17,2005
Developed technology10,3004
Total intangible assets$27,500

Taxes

In connection with the acquisition of Broadbean, a net deferred tax liability of $3,741 was established primarily relating to non-goodwill intangible assets and recorded within other non-current liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amount of tax-deductible goodwill as of the purchase date is $3,728. The allocation of purchase consideration to deferred tax assets and liabilities and income taxes payable is preliminary as the Company continues to evaluate certain balances, estimates and assumptions during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date).

Unaudited Pro Forma Results

The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company and Broadbean as if the companies were combined for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The unaudited pro forma financial information for all periods presented included the business combination accounting effects resulting from this acquisition, including adjustments to reflect recognition of intangible asset amortization. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented below is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of January 1, 2023 or the results that may occur in the future.

The unaudited pro forma financial information was as follows:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Net revenue$31,636$38,559
Loss before provision for income taxes(26,243)(24,701)
Net loss(25,198)(24,072)

Energy Group Divestiture

On June 30, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its energy group (the “Energy Divestiture”) to GridBeyond Limited, an Ireland-based privately held company (“GridBeyond”) that delivers AI-powered energy solutions, pursuant to an asset purchase agreement. The Company received 4,160,644 shares of Series B Preference Shares in GridBeyond valued at approximately $2,021 as of June 30, 2023, as well as $549 to be paid in cash. The Energy Divestiture resulted in a pre-tax gain of $2,572 in second quarter of 2023. The Energy Divestiture doesnot meet the criteria of discontinued operations because the disposal does not have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. In April 2024, the Company sold its interest in GridBeyond for $1,800 in cash.

NOTE 4. DEBT

Senior Secured Term Loan

On December 13, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with certain funds managed by Highbridge Capital Management, LLC and with certain other lenders (collectively, the “Lenders”) and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as administrative agent and collateral agent. The Credit Agreement provides for a $77,500 senior secured term loan (the “Term Loan”), which was fully drawn by the Company on the Closing Date. On the Closing Date, the Company used $37,500 of the Term Loan proceeds to repurchase $50,000 of its 2026 Convertible Senior Notes. As a result of the collective transactions at the Closing Date, the Company recorded the Term Loan at fair value and recognized a one-time gain of $30,000 on the extinguishment of convertible debt. The initial discount on the Term Loan of$23,807 along with thecapitalized issuance costs of$3,120 each will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $1,332 was recognized as the amortization of initial discounts and issuance costs.

The Company is the borrower under the Credit Agreement and all indebtedness outstanding under the Credit Agreement is guaranteed by each of the Company’s direct and indirect material subsidiaries (the Company and the guarantors, collectively, the “Credit Parties”). Pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement, dated December 13, 2023 (the “Pledge and Security Agreement”), the Term Loan is secured by a first-priority security interest in and lien on substantially all tangible and intangible property of the Credit Parties and a pledge of equity interests held by the Credit Parties. The Credit Agreement has certain customary default provisions, representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including a covenant to maintain unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of at least $15,000 at all times. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants at March 31, 2024.

The Term Loan accrues interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus 8.50% per annum, with a 3.00% floor for Term SOFR, payable quarterly. A default interest rate of an additional 3.00% per annum applies on all outstanding obligations after the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default.

The Credit Agreement has a term offour years from the Closing Date, with a scheduled maturity date of December 13, 2027, and requires quarterly amortization payments of 2.50% of the principal amount, commencing in June 2024, with the outstanding balance of the Term Loan payable on the scheduled maturity date.

The Credit Agreement requires mandatory prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by the Credit Parties for among other things (i) certain asset sales, but only to the extent net cash proceeds therefrom exceed $10,000 in the aggregate, and (ii) insurance recoveries on loss of property that are not otherwise reinvested in other assets of the Credit Parties at a 10% prepayment premium. The Credit Agreement also requires prepayment of the Term Loan in full if $30,000 or more of aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes are outstanding on August 14, 2026. The Company may elect to prepay the Term Loan, in whole or in part, in cash, subject to a make-whole premium during the first year of the Term Loan, a 14.0% prepayment premium during the second year of the Term Loan, and a 7.0% premium during the third year of the Term Loan. The Term Loan is not repayable with the Company’s common stock, $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) as was initially set forth in the Commitment Letter.

On the Closing Date, the Company issued warrants (the “Warrants”) to the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Warrant Holders”) to purchase up to 3,008,540 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) at an exercise price of $2.576 per share with a termination date of December 12, 2028. Refer to Note 6 for further details about the Warrants.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, interest expense related to the Term Loan, including amortization of initial discounts and issuance costs, was $4,057. The effective annual interest rate was approximately 31.3%.

The scheduled principal payments on the Term Loan as of March 31, 2024 were as follows:

2024$5,813
20257,750
20267,750
202756,188
Total$77,500

Convertible Senior Notes

In November 2021, the Company issued, at par value, $201,250 aggregate principal amount of 1.75% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “Convertible Notes”). The issuance included the full exercise of an option granted by the Company to the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes to purchase an additional $26,250 aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to and are subject to the terms and conditions of an indenture, which is referred to as the Indenture, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Convertible Notes were offered and sold in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In December 2022, the Company repurchased $60,000 aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes at approximately 65% of par (the “2022 Repurchase Transaction”). In December 2023, the Company repurchased $50,000 aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes at approximately 75% of par (the “2023 Repurchase Transaction”). The Company has $91,250 in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes outstanding as of March 31, 2024.

The Convertible Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year. Interest accrues from November 19, 2021 andis payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on May 15, 2022. The Convertible Notes will mature on November 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Notes.

Holders of the Convertible Notes may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2026, only under the following conditions: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2022 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the Convertible Notes on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the applicable redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after May 15, 2026, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election.

The conversion rate for the Convertible Notes initially is 27.2068 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $36.76 pershare of common stock). The conversion rate is subjectto adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or following the Company’s issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event or who elects to convert its Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption during the related redemption period, as the case may be.

The Company may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to November 20, 2024. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes (subject to certain limitations), at its option, on or after November 20, 2024 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes. The fundamental change repurchase price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The Convertible Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment with all existing and future liabilities of the Company that are not so subordinated; effectively junior to any of secured indebtedness of the Company to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) and any preferred equity of the Company’s current or future subsidiaries.

The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes were approximately $194,945, after deducting debt issuance costs. The total debt issuance costs incurred and recorded by the Company amounted to $6,304, which were recorded as a reduction to the face amount of the Convertible Notes and are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes are recorded as a liability within convertible senior notes, non-current.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, interest expense related to the Convertible Notes and amortization of the issuance costs was $541 and $833, respectively. The effective annual interest rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately 2.42%. As of March 31, 2024, the if-converted value of the Convertible Notes didnot exceed the outstanding principal amount. As of March 31, 2024, the total estimated fair value of the Convertible Notes was $32,765, which was determined based on a market approach using actual bids and offers of the Convertible Notes in an over-the-counter market during the period. The Company considers these assumptions to be Level 2 inputs in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 6.

Capped Calls

In connection with the 2022 pricing of the Convertible Notes, with the full exercise by the initial purchasers of their option to purchase additional Convertible Notes in November 2021, the Company used approximately $18,616 of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions, which are referred to as the capped calls, with various financial institutions.

The capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Convertible Notes, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Convertible Notes. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset some or all of any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, in the event that the market price per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transactions, is greater than the strike price of the capped call transactions, which initially corresponds to the conversion price of the Convertible Notes and is subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the Convertible Notes. If, however, the market price per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transactions, exceeds the cap price of the capped call transactions, there would nevertheless be dilution and/or there would not be an offset of such potential cash payments, in each case, to the extent that such market price exceeds the cap price of the capped call transactions. The initial cap price of the capped calls is $48.55 per share of common stock, which represents a premium of 75% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $27.74 per share on November 16, 2021, and is subject to certain customary adjustments under the terms of the capped calls; provided that the cap price will not be reduced to an amount less than the strike price of $35.76 per share.

The capped call transactions are separate transactions and are not part of the terms of the Convertible Notes. The capped calls met the criteria for classification as equity and, as such, are not remeasured each reporting period and are included as a reduction to additional paid-in-capital within stockholders’ equity.

In connection with the 2022 Repurchase Transaction, the Company entered into transactions to unwind a portion of the capped calls. As a result, the Company received $276 in net proceeds from the proceeds of the unwinding of the capped calls. In connection with the 2023 Repurchase Transaction, the Company entered into transactions to unwind a portion of the capped calls. The Company didnot receive any proceeds from the unwinding of the capped calls in 2023.

Credit Facility

In August 2023, the Company entered into athree year credit agreement with Alterna Capital Solutions, LLC (“ACS”) pursuant to which the Company may borrow up to $30,000 (the “ACS Credit Facility”). Loans under the Credit Facility were secured by certain domestic receivables and other assets as determined by ACS. The ACS Credit Facility bore interest at the greater of Prime rate plus 1% or 9.5%, and minimum annual interest of $250 if no funds are drawn under the ACS Credit Facility in a given year. ACS was a senior secured creditor.

On December 12, 2023, in connection with the Company’s entry into the Credit Agreement (as defined above), the ACS Credit Facility and the related Commercial Guarantee, dated August 8, 2023, were terminated. Immediately prior to its termination, no amounts were outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement. The Company didnot incur any early termination penalties in connection with the termination of the ACS Credit Facility and related agreements.

NOTE 5. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Numerator
Net loss$(25,198)$(22,963)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding37,353,22836,587,946
Less: Weighted-average shares subject to repurchase——
Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders37,353,22836,587,946
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.67)$(0.63)

The Company reported net losses for all periods presented and, as such, all potentially dilutive shares of common stock would have been antidilutive for such periods. The table below presents the weighted-average securities (in common equivalent shares) outstanding during the periods presented that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Common stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units11,074,86510,755,833
Warrants to purchase common stock3,469,769496,612
Common stock issuable in connection with convertible senior notes2,482,6213,842,961
17,027,25515,095,406

NOTE 6. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 and Level 2 are considered observable and Level 3 is considered unobservable, as follows:

Level 1—quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2—inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; or

Level 3—unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company’s money market funds are categorized as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were as follows:

Gross · Cash and
Unrealized · Fair · Cash
CostLossesValueEquivalents
Cash$90,733$—$90,733$90,733
Total$90,733$—$90,733$90,733

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balances were as follows:

Gross · Cash and
Unrealized · Fair · Cash
CostLossesValueEquivalents
Cash$79,439$—$79,439$79,439
Total$79,439$—$79,439$79,439

Contingent Consideration

On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of PandoLogic, Ltd. (“PandoLogic”), a company incorporated under the laws of the state of Israel, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 21, 2021 (the “PandoLogic Merger Agreement”). The total purchase consideration for PandoLogic included up to $65,000 in contingent consideration based on achieving certain contingent consideration tied to financial performance of PandoLogic in fiscal 2021 and 2022, which amount will be paid in a combination of cash and common stock (the “PandoLogic Contingent Consideration”).

All of the Company’s contingent consideration liabilities are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, except when the amount of the payout is determined to be fixed. Contingent consideration for the PandoLogic acquisition was valued at the time of acquisition using Monte Carlo simulation models. These models incorporate contractual terms and assumptions regarding financial forecasts for PandoLogic, discount rates, and volatility of forecasted revenue. The value of the Company’s contingent consideration would increase if a lower discount rate was used and would decrease if a higher discount rate was used. Similarly, a higher revenue volatility assumption would increase the value of the contingent consideration, and a lower revenue volatility assumption would decrease the value of the contingent consideration. Contingent consideration for the March 2022 Acquisition (as defined below) was valued at the time of acquisition using a simple probability of achievement model, with the probability of achievement based on management’s forecasted outcomes for 2022 and 2023 fiscal year results for the acquired entity. The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist when deemed necessary.

In September 2022, the Company and PandoLogic entered into an amendment to the PandoLogic Merger Agreement. This amendment provides that the PandoLogic Contingent Consideration would be no less than $10,825, irrespective of the actual financial performance of PandoLogic for the PandoLogic Contingent Consideration period. All of the PandoLogic Contingent Consideration was paid during the year ended December 31, 2023 in a combination of cash consideration and stock consideration, with the number of shares paid equal to that stock consideration portion of the contingent consideration amount divided by a price per share of $20.53 in accordance with the terms of the PandoLogic Merger Agreement.

On March 1, 2022, the Company acquired 100% of an influencer-based management company (the “March 2022 Acquisition”). As part of the consideration, the seller was eligible to receive up to $4,500 in cash (the “March 2022 Acquisition Contingent Consideration”). In July 2023, the Company entered into an agreement amending the March 2022 Acquisition Contingent Consideration (the “March 2022 Acquisition Amendment”). The March 2022 Acquisition Amendment provides that the March 2022 Acquisition Contingent Consideration was reduced to $3,500 and payment of the March 2022 Acquisition Contingent Consideration amount is now tied to employment status of the seller through December 31, 2025, irrespective of the actual financial performance of the acquired company. As the amount became fixed under the March 2022 Acquisition Amendment, the Company determined that the March 2022 Acquisition Contingent Consideration amount should no longer be categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy at the time of the amendment.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s contingent consideration liabilities current and non-current balances were as follows:

Fair Value as ofChanges inAmount PaidFair Value as of
January 1, 2023Fair ValueTo DateDecember 31, 2023
Level 3:
Contingent consideration, current$8,067$1,651$(8,718)$1,000
Contingent consideration, non-current—633—633
Total$8,067$2,284$(8,718)$1,633

Stock Warrants

On the Closing Date of the Term Loan, the Company issued warrants to the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Warrant Holders”) to purchase up to 3,008,540 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”). During thethree months ended March 31, 2024,349,657 of these warrants were net settled in exchange for 206,957 shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2024, the Warrant Holders held warrants to purchase 2,658,883 shares of Common Stock.

All of the Company’s outstanding stock warrants are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. Stock warrants are equity classified and have been recorded at their fair value, on their issuance date of December 13, 2023, using either a probability weighted expected return model, the Monte Carlo simulation model or the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. These models incorporate contractual terms, maturity, risk-free interest rates and volatility. The value of the Company’s stock warrants would increase if a higher risk-free interest rate was used and would decrease if a lower risk-free interest rate was used. Similarly, a higher volatility assumption would increase the value of the stock warrants, and a lower volatility assumption would decrease the value of the stock warrants. The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist.

Investments

The Company holds a strategic investment in a technology company that was determined to not have a readily determinable fair value. This investment is carried at a cost of $2,750 on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets within other assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

As part of the Energy Divestiture, the Company acquired a strategic investment in GridBeyond that was determined not to have a readily determinable fair value. This investment is carried at a cost equal to its initial estimated fair value of $2,021 on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets within other assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, with that initial estimated fair value based on third party valuation at the time of this transaction and is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 13 involving the sale of the Company’s investment in GridBeyond subsequent to March 31, 2024.

Because these investments do not have readily determinable fair values, the Company has elected to measure these investments under ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities, at cost minus impairments, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments. No impairment was recorded for thethree months ended March 31, 2024. The Company re-measures its investments if there is an observable transaction in a class of security similar to the Company’s investments and there were no such re-measurements for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

NOTE 7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

The carrying amount of goodwill was$79,828 as of March 31, 2024 and$80,247 as of December 31, 2023.

Goodwill
Balance at December 31, 2023$80,247
Foreign currency translation/other(419)
Balance at March 31, 2024$79,828

Intangible Assets

The following table sets forth the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets resulting from business acquisitions and other purchases, which continue to be amortized:

March 31,2024 · December 31,2023
WeightedAverageRemaining UsefulLife (in years)GrossCarryingAmountAccumulatedAmortizationNetCarryingAmountGrossCarryingAmountAccumulatedAmortizationNetCarryingAmount
Software and technology0.0$3,582$(3,582)$—$3,582$(3,582)$—
Licensed technology0.0500(500)—500(500)—
Developed technology1.544,100(26,830)17,27044,100(24,601)19,499
Customer and supplier relationships3.799,000(39,977)59,02399,000(36,323)62,677
Noncompete agreements0.0800(800)—800(800)—
Trademarks and trade names2.82,300(1,150)1,1502,300(1,053)1,247
Total3.0$150,282$(72,839)$77,443$150,282$(66,859)$83,423

The following table presents future amortization of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2024:

2024 (nine months)$17,973
202521,427
202616,569
202713,541
20287,870
Thereafter63
Total$77,443

NOTE 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DETAILS

Consolidated Balance Sheets Details

Cash and cash equivalents

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of$90,733 and$79,439, respectively, including $73,300 and $44,481, respectively, of cash received from advertising customers for future payments to vendors.

Accounts Receivable, Net and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

As of
March 31,2024December 31,2023
Accounts receivable — Managed Services(1)$25,748$38,477
Accounts receivable — Software Products & Services(2)18,63526,246
Accounts receivable — Other2,1205,723
46,50370,446
Less: allowance for expected credit losses(754)(1,180)
Accounts receivable, net$45,749$69,266

(1)

Accounts receivable – Managed Services reflects the amounts due from the Company’s advertising customers.

(2)

Accounts receivable – Software Products & Services reflects the amounts due from the Company’s Veritone Hire solutions customers.

Allowance for Credit Losses Accounting

The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses to record accounts receivable at their net realizable value. Inherent in the assessment of the allowance for credit losses are certain judgments and estimates relating to, among other things, the Company’s customers’ access to capital, customers’ willingness and ability to pay, general economic conditions and the ongoing relationship with customers. The Company calculates the expected credit losses on a pool basis for those receivables that have similar risk characteristics aligned with the types of accounts receivable listed in the accounts receivable table above. Allowances have been recorded for receivables believed to be uncollectible, including amounts for the resolution of potential credit and other collection issues. The allowance for expected credit losses is determined by analyzing the Company’s historical write-offs and the current aging of receivables. Adjustments to the allowance may be required in future periods depending on how issues considered such as the financial condition of customers and the general economic climate may change or if the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. The Company has not historically had material write-offs due to uncollectible accounts receivable.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

As of
March 31,2024December 31,2023
Prepaid assets$6,153$5,538
Other receivables1,4731,805
Trade credits earned through barter transactions, current6,7246,427
Other current assets1,494687
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$15,844$14,457

Other Assets

Other assets consisted of the following:

As of
March 31,2024December 31,2023
Trade credits earned through barter transactions, non-current$10,339$10,682
Investments4,7714,771
Other non-current assets4,7974,398
Other assets$19,907$19,851

Property, Equipment and Improvements, Net

Property, equipment and improvements, net consisted of the following:

As of
March 31,2024December 31,2023
Property and equipment$6,631$6,796
Internal use software development costs placed in service9,2988,226
Leasehold improvements1,6291,639
17,55816,661
Less: accumulated depreciation(8,393)(8,005)
Property, equipment and improvements, net$9,165$8,656

Depreciation expense was $1,511 and $478 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Of the $6,631 in property and equipment as of March 31, 2024, $1,839 consisted of work in progress not yet placed in service for internal use software development costs. Depreciation of internal use software development costs was $695 and $282 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Accounts Payable

Accounts payable consisted of the following:

As of
March 31,2024December 31,2023
Accounts payable — Managed Services(1)$18,179$11,797
Accounts payable — Other18,40920,959
Accounts payable$36,588$32,756

(1)

Accounts payable – Managed Services reflects the amounts due to media vendors for advertisements placed on behalf of the Company’s advertising clients.

Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

As of
March 31,2024December 31,2023
Accrued compensation$4,625$4,615
Taxes payable4,7135,425
Current portion of operating lease liabilities2,2392,348
Accrued trade payables13,64013,749
Other1,058958
Other accrued liabilities$26,275$27,095

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue. Deferred revenue represents billings under non-cancelable contracts before the related product or service is transferred to the customer. The portion of deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized as revenue during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as deferred revenue within the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue was comprised of the following:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
Deferred revenue beginning balance$12,813
Less: revenue recognized5,742
Additions to deferred revenue6,344
Ending balance of deferred revenue$13,415

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss Details

Revenue

Revenue for the periods presented were comprised of the following:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Commercial Enterprise$30,119$28,868
Public Sector1,5171,395
Total revenue$31,636$30,263

The Company serves two customer groups: (1) Commercial Enterprise, which consists of customers in the commercial sector, including media and entertainment customers, advertising customers, content licensing customers and Veritone Hire customers (inclusive of Broadbean customers); and (2) Public Sector, which consists of customers in the government and regulated industries sectors, including state, local and federal government, legal, and compliance customers, and which we previously referred to as Government & Regulated Industries.

Software Products & Services consists of revenues generated from the Company’s aiWARE platform and Veritone Hire solutions’ talent acquisition solutions (inclusive of Broadbean), any related support and maintenance services, and any related professional services associated with the deployment and / or implementation of such solutions.

Managed Services consists of revenues generated from content licensing customers and advertising agency customers and related services.

The table below illustrates the presentation of our revenues based on the above definitions:

VERITONE, INC.
REVENUE DETAIL (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2024 · Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2023
Commercial · Public · Commercial · Public
EnterpriseSectorTotalEnterpriseSectorTotal
Total Software Products & Services$13,703$1,517$15,220$12,732$1,395$14,127
Managed Services
Advertising10,975—10,97510,535—10,535
Licensing5,441—5,4415,601—5,601
Total Managed Services16,416—16,41616,136—16,136
Total Revenue$30,119$1,517$31,636$28,868$1,395$30,263

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net for the periods presented was comprised of the following:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Interest expense, net$(3,990)$(805)
Other(413)1,160
Other income (expense), net$(4,403)$355

Other in the table above consists of foreign exchange loss of $413 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and foreign exchange gain of $1,160 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Provision for Income Taxes

In accordance with ASC 740-270, Income Taxes, the provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the Company updates the estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated tax rate changes, the Company records a cumulative adjustment. A separate estimated annual effective tax rate is applied for jurisdictions where an entity anticipates an ordinary loss or has an ordinary loss for the year to date for which no tax benefit can be recognized.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was 4.0% and 1.2%, respectively. The difference between the effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% is primarily due to a valuation allowance established on the Company’s domestic federal and state net deferred tax assets, as well as the impact of foreign operations subject to tax in foreign jurisdictions.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company continues to provide a valuation allowance against federal and state deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable. The Company continues to evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance. If the Company’s assessment of the deferred tax assets or the corresponding valuation allowance were to change, the Company would record the related adjustment to income during the period in which the determination is made.

Asa result of the Broadbean acquisition, the Company expects to be subject to taxation in France and Australia, in addition to already being subject to taxation in the United States, Israel, and the United Kingdom. The United States, Israel, and the United Kingdom comprise the majority of the Company’s operations. In general, the U.S. federal statute of limitations is three years. However, the Internal Revenue Service maystill adjust a tax loss or credit carryover in the year the tax loss or credit carryover is utilized. As such, the Company’s U.S. federal tax returns and state tax returns are open for examination since inception. The Israeli statute of limitations period is generally four years commencing at the end of the year in which the return was filed. The UK statute of limitations period is typically twelve months following the date on which the return is filed. The Company is not currently under examination from income tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which the Company does business.

NOTE 9. LEASES, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Leases

Lease Costs

As of March 31, 2024, on its condensed consolidated balance sheet the Company had right-of-use assets of $2,058 recorded within other assets, the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $2,239 recorded within other accrued liabilities, and the non-current portion of operating lease liabilities of $601 recorded within other non-current liabilities. As of December 31, 2023, on its condensed consolidated balance sheet the Company had right-of-use assets of $1,669 recorded within other assets, the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $2,348 recorded within other accrued liabilities, and the non-current portion of operating lease liabilities of $308 recorded within other non-current liabilities.

The Company made cash payments for its operating leases of $682 and $635 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, all of which were included in cash flows from operating activities within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company’s operating leases have a weighted average remaining lease term of 1.4 years and weighted average discount rate of 8.4%.

The total rent expense for all operating leases was $638 and $546 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with short-term leases making up an immaterial portion of such expenses. For its sublease, the Company recorded sublease income of $277 and $277 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Lease Commitments

Future undiscounted lease payments for the Company’s operating lease liabilities, a reconciliation of these payments to its operating lease liabilities, and related sublease income at March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Years ended December 31,
2024 (nine months)$2,185
2025671
2026206
Total future minimum lease payments, including short-term leases3,062
Less: future minimum lease payments for short-term leases(36)
Less: imputed interest(186)
Present value of future minimum lease payments, excluding short-term leases$2,840
Less: current portion of operating lease liabilities(2,239)
Non-current portion of operating lease liabilities601
Years ended December 31,Sublease Income
2024 (nine months)931
Total sublease income$931

Purchase Consideration

In connection with the March 2022 Acquisition, the Company committed to make purchase consideration payments of $1,500 within ten days of the first anniversary of the closing date of the March 2022 Acquisition and an additional $1,500 within ten days of the second anniversary of the closing date of the March 2022 Acquisition. The first payment of $1,500 was made during the first quarter of 2023 and the second payment of $1,500 was made during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

On June 10, 2022, the Company acquired VocaliD, Inc. (“VocaliD”), a U.S.-based company that pioneered the creation of personalized synthetic voices. In connection with its acquisition of VocaliD, the Company committed to make purchase consideration payments of $1,000 on the first anniversary of the closing date of the acquisition and an additional $1,000 on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date of the acquisition. The first payment of $1,000 was made during the second quarter of 2023.

On August 11, 2022, the Company acquired certain assets of Vision Semantics Limited (“VSL”), a U.K.-based company focused on AI-powered video analytics and surveillance software solutions. In connection with its acquisition of VSL in August 2022, the Company committed to make a purchase consideration payment of $300 on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date of the acquisition, which the Company paid during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Payment of deferred consideration for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are reflected on the Company’s statements of cash flows.

Other Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company currently is not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

NOTE 10. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock Issuances

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of 236,156 and 355,790 shares of its common stock, respectively, in connection with the exercise of stock options, issuance of stock awards and vesting of restricted stock units under its stock incentive plans and stock purchases under its Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”).

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued a total of 206,957 shares of its common stock in connection with warrant exercises (see Note 6). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 135,800 shares of its common stock in connection with the contingent consideration arrangement related to the acquisition of PandoLogic, respectively.

NOTE 11. STOCK PLANS

Stock-Based Compensation

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted options to purc hase an aggregate of 0 and 226,966 shares of its common stock that are subject to time-based vesting conditions, respectively.

The Company valued these stock options using the Black-Scholes Merton option pricing model. The assumptions used to compute the grant date fair values of the stock options granted during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are set forth in the table below:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Expected term (in years)N/A6.8
Expected volatilityN/A91%
Risk-free interest rateN/A3.6%

The assumptions used in calculating the fair values of purchase rights granted under the ESPP during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are set forth in the table below:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Expected term (in years)0.5 - 2.00.5 - 2.0
Expected volatility105% - 115%71% - 101%
Risk-free interest rate4.7% - 5.2%0.1% - 4.8%

The Company’s stock-based compensation expense by type of award and by operating expense grouping are presented below:

Three Months EndedMarch 31,
20242023
Stock-based compensation expense by type of award:
Restricted stock units$830$2,168
Performance-based stock units—328
Stock options622971
Employee stock purchase plan156450
Total stock-based compensation expense$1,608$3,917
Stock-based compensation expense by operating expense grouping:
Cost of revenue$(1)$20
Sales and marketing176176
Research and development5321,542
General and administrative9012,179
Total stock-based compensation expense$1,608$3,917

Stock-based compensation capitalized for internal-use software was $118 and $134 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Equity Award Activity Under Stock Plans

Performance Stock Units

In connection with the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement (as defined and further described in Note 12), on January 11, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”) approved a grant of 118,460 performance stock units (the “Steel Holdings Consulting PSUs”) that were to vest upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. During the year ended December 31, 2023, certain performance milestones were achieved resulting in the vesting of 19,743 shares of the Steel Holdings Consulting PSUs on April 22, 2023 and 39,486 shares on November 15, 2023.

In January 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated independent contractor services agreement with Steel Holdings, LLC (the “Amended Consulting Agreement”), which supersedes and replaces the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement. Under the Amended Consulting Agreement, all equity grants that were made, other than vested Steel Holdings PSUs but including unvested Steel Holdings PSUs, or contemplated under the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement were terminated as of the effective date of the Amended Consulting Agreement and no further performance stock units will be issued under the Amended Consulting Agreement.

On March 16, 2023, the Compensation Committee approved a grant of 170,402 target performance stock units to be granted to the Company’s named executive officers (the “Senior Executive PSUs”). The awards had a grant date of March 31, 2023 and were to vest based on the achievement of revenue and non-GAAP net income targets (each equally weighted) for 2023, which achievement shall then be modified (up to a 20% increase or decrease) based on the Company’s relative total stockholder return over a three-year performance period (the “TSR Modifier”), as compared with the S&P Software and Services Select Industry Index. Based on the Company’s performance, the Company’s named executive officers were to earn from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares of the Senior Executive PSUs. The Senior Executive PSUs, to the extent earned, were to vest on the date the Board certifies the TSR Modifier for thethree-year performance period ending December 31, 2025 and the number of Senior Executive PSUs that were to vest as of such certification, all of which was to occur within 90 days of the end of the performance period ending December 31, 2025. Compensation costs recognized on the Senior Executive PSUs were to be adjusted, as applicable, for performance above or below the target specified in the award. On April 8, 2024, the Compensation Committee determined that, as of December 31, 2023, the revenue and non-GAAP net income targets were not achieved and the Senior Executive PSUs were forfeited.

The Company’s performance stock unit activity for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:

Weighted
Average Grant
SharesDate Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023229,633$5.86
Forfeited(59,231)$5.94
Unvested at March 31, 2024170,402$5.86

Restricted Stock Units

The Company’s restricted stock unit activity for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:

Weighted
Average Grant
SharesDate Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 20231,949,514$5.40
Granted3,000$3.88
Forfeited(186,560)$6.73
Vested(153,085)$7.30
Unvested at March 31, 20241,612,869$5.01

As of March 31, 2024, total unrecognized compens ation cost related to restricted stock units was $5,729, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

Performance-Based Stock Options

The activity during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 related to stock options that are subject to performance-based vesting conditions tied to the achievement of stock price goals by the Company was as follows:

Weighted-Average
Remaining · Aggregate
Exercise · Contractual · Intrinsic
OptionsPriceTermValue
Unvested at December 31, 20233,671,310$11.29
Expired(21,840)$5.78
Outstanding at March 31, 20243,649,470$11.326.2 years$1
Exercisable at March 31, 20243,649,470$11.326.2 years$1

The aggregate intrinsic value of the options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0 and $5, respectively. No performance-based stock options were granted during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 andno performance-based stock options vested during thethree months ended March 31, 2024.

Stock Options

The activity during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 related to all other stock options was as follows:

Weighted-Average
Remaining · Aggregate
Exercise · Contractual · Intrinsic
OptionsPriceTermValue
Outstanding at December 31, 20235,506,374$13.81
Exercised(17,521)$2.85
Forfeited(153,353)$8.86
Expired(78,939)$10.28
Outstanding at March 31, 20245,256,561$14.044.1 years$1,120
Exercisable at March 31, 20244,799,140$14.103.7 years$1,041

No stock options were granted during three months ended March 31, 2024. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $4.21 per share. The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $30 and $10, respectively. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1,080 and $1,584, respectively. At March 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was $4,194 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

The aggregate intrinsic values in the tables above represent the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s common stock and the average option exercise price of in-the-money options, multiplied by the number of such stock options.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, employee payroll deductions accrued under the ESPP totaled $160 and $357, respectively. During thethree months ended March 31, 2024, a total of 119,954 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP.

NOTE 12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On January 4, 2023, the Company entered into an independent contractor services agreement with Steel Holdings, LLC, effective as of January 1, 2023 the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement. Steel Holdings, LLC is an entity affiliated with Chad Steelberg, currently a director serving on the Company’s Board, and formerly its Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Under the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement, the Company retained Mr. Steelberg as a consultant to provide ongoing Chief Executive Officer transition services and to manage and oversee the further development of the Company’s aiWARE platform.

In January 2024, the Company entered into the Amended Consulting Agreement, which supersedes and replaces the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement. Pursuant to the Amended Consulting Agreement, Mr. Steelberg will provide technical advisory services related to the Company’s software, software architecture and technology strategy as requested by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer until December 31, 2025, the termination date of the Amended Consulting Agreement. In consideration for such services, the Company will pay to Steel Holdings, LLC (i) $1,000 in cash on July 1, 2024 and (ii) $50 per month in cash for the period from January 2024 through December 2025. The Company will reimburse Steel Holdings, LLC for reasonable and documented expenses incurred in connection with providing the services in accordance with the Company’s standard travel and expense policies. All equity grants that were made, including the unvested Steel Holdings PSUs, or contemplated under the Steel Holdings Consulting Agreement were terminated as of the effective date of the Amended Consulting Agreement andno further performance stock units will be issued under the Amended Consulting Agreement, except that the vested Steel Holdings PSUs remained outstanding.

The Amended Consulting Agreement may be terminated by either party with 90 days’ notice. If the Company terminates the Amended Consulting Agreement for any reason other than Steel Holdings, LLC’s material breach, then any remaining cash compensation payments under the Amended Consulting Agreement will become due and payable. In the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2017 Plan), the Amended Consulting Agreement will terminate as of the effective date of the Change in Control and any remaining cash compensation payments will become due and payable.

The Company has determined that all future payments under the Amended Consulting Agreement are probable and estimable, and that substantially all benefits earned under the agreement relate to past services rendered. As such, the Company has accrued a liability for all future cash payments under the agreement on its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024, and recognized a resulting acceleration charge of $1,484 to general and administrative expenses to its condensed consolidated income statement during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

There wereno other material related party transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

NOTE 13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In April 2024, the Company sold its investment in GridBeyond for $1,800 in cash.

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