Zeta Global Holdings Corp

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

1. Organization and Background

(a) Nature of Business

Zeta Global Holdings Corp., a Delaware Corporation ("Zeta" or “Zeta Global Holdings”) and Zeta Global Corp., a Delaware Corporation and the operating company (“Zeta Global” individually, or collectively with Zeta Global Holdings Corp. and its consolidated entities, as context dictates, the “Company”) is a marketing technology company that uses proprietary data, artificial intelligence and software to create a technology platform that enables marketers to acquire, retain and grow customer relationships. The Company’s technology platform powers data-driven marketing programs for enterprises across a wide range of industries and utilizes all digital distribution channels including email, search, social, mobile, display and connected TV. Zeta Global was incorporated and began operations in October 2007.

2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements may not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. The year-end December 31, 2023 consolidated financial statements data included herein was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2024, the results of operations, comprehensive loss and stockholders’ equity for the three-months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and cash flows for the three-months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The results of operations for the three-months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities, and related disclosures, as of the date of the financial statements, and the amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the period. Actual results could differ from estimates. The accompanying condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was included in Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024.

The accompanying condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zeta and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s management considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of issuance of these financial statements. See “Note 16. Subsequent Events” for additional information.

(b) Revenue Recognition

Revenue arises primarily from the Company’s technology platform via subscription fees, volume-based utilization fees and fees for professional services designed to maximize the customer usage of technology.

Revenues are recognized when control of these services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to an exchange for those services. Sales and other taxes collected by the Company concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenues.

When the Company enters into contracts with third parties in which the Company is acting as both a vendor and a customer, the Company performs an assessment of the services transferred to determine the independent nature of both the transactions. The Company presents the revenue and expense based on the fair value of the services provided or received.

Contract assets and liabilities

Contract assets represent revenue recognized for contracts that have not been invoiced to customers. Total contract assets were $7,770 and $5,346 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are included in the account receivables, net, in the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities consists of deferred revenue that represent amounts billed to the customers in excess of the revenue recognized. Deferred revenue is subsequently recorded as revenues when earned in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company billed and collected$3,382 and $3,096 in advance, respectively, and recognized$2,228 and $1,616, respectively, as revenues. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the deferred revenue were$4,455 and $3,301, respectively.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represents contractual obligations that are not yet fulfilled. Revenues for such contractual obligations will be recognized in future periods. The remaining performance obligations are influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the timing of renewals, average contract terms and foreign currency exchange rates. The remaining performance obligations are subject to future economic risks including counterparty risks, bankruptcies, regulatory changes and other market factors.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company's remaining performance obligations for the next twelve months andthereafter were approximately$87,400 and$108,400, respectively.

Disaggregation of revenues from contract with customers

The Company reports disaggregation of revenues based on primary geographical markets and delivery channels / platforms. Revenues by delivery channels / platforms are based on whether the customer requirements necessitate integration with platforms or delivery channels not owned by the Company. When the Company generates revenues entirely through the Company platform, the Company considers it to be direct platform revenues. When the Company generates revenue by leveraging its platform’s integration with third parties, it is considered integrated platform revenues.

The following table summarizes disaggregation for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Refer to the Company’s accounting policy on “Segments” below for more information about disaggregation based on primary geographical markets.

(c) Stock-based compensation and other stock-based payments:

The measurement of stock-based compensation for all stock-based payment awards, including restricted stock, performance stock units (“PSUs”), and stock options granted to the employees, consultants or advisors and non-employee directors, as well as shares purchased under our 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("2021 ESPP"), is based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant or date of modification of such grants. The Company accounts for the modification to already issued awards as per guidance in ASC 718-20-35-3 (Refer to "Note 9. Stock-Based Compensation").

The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards using a fair value-based method. The fair value of each stock option granted to employees is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, and the related stock-based compensation is recognized over the vesting term of the option. The fair value of the restricted shares granted prior to the initial public offering (the “IPO”) was determined using the Monte-Carlo simulation method and for the restricted shares granted post-IPO is based on the Company’s closing stock price as of the day prior to the date of the grants.

The Company accounts for its PSU awards based on the fair value determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and for shares purchased under its 2021 ESPP using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, by a third-party valuation firm engaged by the Company. The Company accounts for the forfeitures, as they occur. The Company uses the graded vesting attribution method to recognize the stock-based compensation related to restricted stock awards and straight-line over the term method for all the other awards.

(d) Segments

The Company operates asone operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. Since it operates as one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements. Revenues and long-lived assets by geographic region are based on the physical location of the customers being served or the assets and are as follows:

Revenues by geographical region consisted of the following;

Total long-lived assets (including right-to-use asset) by geographical region consisted of the following;

(e) Concentration of Credit Risk

No customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration risk consist primarily of accounts receivable from customers. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there weretwo customers andone customer, respectively, that represented more than 10% of the accounts receivables, net balance on the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheets. The Company continuously monitors whether there is an expected credit loss arising from customers, and accordingly make provisions as warranted.

(f) Operating leases:

The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception, and whether lease and non-lease components are combined or not. A contract is or contains a lease when, (1) the contract contains an identified asset and (2) the customer obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of that underlying asset and directs how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract in exchange for consideration.

Right-to-use assets and lease liabilities are initially recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, which includes the minimum unconditional term of the lease, and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain at the commencement date that such options will be exercised.

As the rate implicit for each of the Company's leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Right-of-use assets also include any initial direct costs and any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date and are reduced by any lease incentives received. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease expense is a combination of interest on lease liability and amortization of right-of-use assets. Operating lease expenses are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer to "Note 10 - Leases" for additional information.

New accounting pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in ASU 2023-09 prospectively to all annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of incorporating ASU 2023-09 guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly presented to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") and incorporated into each reported segment profit or loss measure. Entities are required to provide both the amount and a detailed description of the composition of other segment items to reconcile them with the segment profit or loss. Furthermore, organizations must disclose the title and position of their CODM. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments in this update are required to be applied on a retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of incorporating ASU 2023-07 guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Intangible Assets

The details of intangible assets and related accumulated amortization are set forth below:

Amortization expense of intangibles for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $6,719 and $4,824, respectively.

Weighted average useful life of the unamortized intangibles as of March 31, 2024 was 2.64 years. Based on the amount of intangible assets subject to amortization, the Company’s estimated future amortization expense over the next five years and beyond are as follows:

4. Goodwill

Following is a summary of the carrying value of goodwill:

There were no events during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to which an impairment analysis would be warranted.

5. Acquisitions

The Company uses the purchase method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. This standard requires that the total cost of an acquisition be allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates and assumptions used in assessing fair value are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially recorded in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related expenses are expensed when incurred.

The Company may also agree to pay a portion of the purchase price for certain acquisitions in the form of contingent consideration. The unpaid amounts of these liabilities are included in the acquisition-related liabilities on the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

WhatCounts, Inc.

On March 1, 2023, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with the Output Services Group, Inc. to purchase certain assets of WhatCounts, Inc. ("WhatCounts"), including customer contracts, technology assets and certain employees who were engaged in these businesses.

The Company concluded the transaction represents an acquisition of a business under ASC 805, Business Combinations. The total consideration of WhatCounts acquisition is $15,990, including $1,011 as estimated earn-outs based on the achievement of certain operating targets of the acquired businesses, and $128 as working capital adjustment. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company finalized the purchase price allocations for its WhatCounts acquisition. Accordingly, the Company has recognized $960 as customer relationships intangibles, $6,140 as completed technologies, $7,824 as goodwill and $1,066 as other net assets associated with this acquisition. The Company amortizes the intangible assets over the weighted average life of 3.0 years.

Prior to the acquisition, WhatCounts' technology asset was being used as an Email Service Provider (“ESP”). Therefore, the Company paid a premium to acquire these assets, which is represented as Goodwill in the above purchase price allocation. The Company incurred $203 as acquisition-related expenses related to this acquisition.

Goodwill acquired by the Company in its WhatCounts acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.

Acquisition-Related Liabilities

The following is a summary of acquisition-related liabilities:

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the businesses acquired by the Company in its Apptness and ArcaMax acquisitions have performed better than the estimates used for the initial purchase price allocation, as such the Company recorded the changes in the fair value of the earn-outs, which are included in "other expenses"on the condensed unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company settled the litigation in relation to certain acquisition related liabilities for its eBay CRM. As of March 31, 2024, $2,112 is the remaining amount for that settlement, that the Company expects to pay within the next 12 months and included this amount in acquisition-related liabilities (current) in the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

7. Credit Facilities

The Company’s long-term borrowings are as follows:

On February 3, 2021, the Company entered into a $222,500 Senior Secured Credit Facility (“Senior Secured Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of financial institutions and institutional lenders, which consists of (i) a $73,750 initial revolving facility, (ii) a $111,250 term loan facility, and (iii) a $37,500 in incremental revolving facility commitment. On March 22, 2023, the Company entered into a $25,000 incremental revolving facility commitment pursuant to an amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Facility (the “2023 Incremental Revolving Commitment”), thereby increasing the total credit facility of the Company to $247,500. Out of the total credit facility,$34,375 remains undrawn as of March 31, 2024. In addition, the Company has an outstanding letter of credit amounting to$1,244 against the available revolving credit facility. The credit facility was fully secured by the financial institution with a first lien on the Company’s assets.

Interest on the current outstanding balances is payable quarterly and calculated using a SOFR rate of no lower than SOFR+2.125% and no higher than SOFR+2.625% based on the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio stated in the credit agreement. The effective interest rate on this debt for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was 7.6%. The extensions of credit may be used solely (a) to refinance existing indebtedness, (b) to pay any expenses associated with this line of credit agreement, (c) for acquisitions, and (d) for other general corporate purposes. The Company is required to repay the principal balance and any unpaid accrued interest on the Senior Secured Credit Facility on February 3, 2026. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company borrowed$11,250 against the revolver facility and repaid the same amount against the term loan under the credit facility. The initial debt issuance costs of $1,902 incurred in the form of the legal fee, underwriter’s fee, etc., are recognized as a reduction in long-term borrowings in the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheets, and are being amortized over the term of the contract on a straight-line basis.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility contains certain financial maintenance covenants including consolidated net leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, this agreement contains restrictive covenants that may limit the Company’s ability to, among other things, acquire equity interests of the Company from its stockholders, repurchase / retire any of the Company’s securities, and pay dividends or distribute excess cash flow. Additionally, the Company is required to submit periodic financial covenant letters that would include current net leverage ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio, among others. As of March 31, 2024, the applicable total leverage ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio were 2.50 and 1.25, respectively, and the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

As of March 31, 2024, the repayment schedule for the long-term borrowings was as follows:

*Includes$4,219 repayable against the term loan facility within the twelve-month period ending March 31, 2025. The Company intends to draw against the available revolving facility to pay off term loan installments and therefore the total borrowings are included in “Long-term borrowings” on the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Purchase obligations

The Company entered into non-cancellable vendor agreements to purchase services. As of March 31, 2024, the Company was party to outstanding purchase contracts as follows:

(b) Other contingencies

The Company is a party to various litigations and administrative proceedings related to claims arising from its operations in the ordinary course of business including in relation to certain acquisition related liabilities (Refer to "Note 6. Acquisition Related Liabilities"). The Company records provisions for losses when claims become probable, and the amounts are estimable. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company’s management believes that the resolution of the matters will not have a material impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

9. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation plan

In 2008, the Company adopted its 2008 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan, and, in 2017, adopted the Zeta Global Holdings Corp. 2017 Incentive Plan (collectively, the “Plans”).

The Plans permitted the issuance of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units to employees, directors, and officers, consultants or advisors and non-employee directors of the Company. Options granted under the Plans expire no later thanten years from the grant date. Prior to the IPO, the restricted stock and restricted stock units granted under the Plans generally did not vest until a change in control. Upon a change in control, restricted stock and restricted stock units vest as to 25% of the shares with the balance of the shares vesting in equal quarterly installments following the change in control over the remainder of afive-year term from the original date of grant. The restricted stock and restricted stock units fully vest upon a change in control to the extent five years has passed from the original date of grant of the restricted stock or restricted stock units. Since the vesting of these awards was contingent upon the change of control event, which was not considered probable until it occurred, the Company did not record any stock-based compensation for such awards prior to the IPO, a change in control event. The stock-based compensation has been recognized following the vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units and options as described below. The Company ceased granting awards under the Plans following its adoption of the 2021 Plan (as defined below) in connection with the IPO.

In connection with the IPO, the Company adopted the Zeta Global Holdings Corp. 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which was effective as of the day prior to the first public trading date of our Class A common stock and under which restricted stock, restricted stock units and options have been granted to service providers. With certain exceptions, the equity awards granted under the 2021 Plan generally vest over four years, with 25% of the shares vesting upon the first anniversary of the grant date and the remainder of the shares vesting in equal quarterly installments thereafter.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $52,638 and $64,462, respectively.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

As noted above, the Company’s restricted stock and restricted stock units granted prior to the IPO did not vest until a change of control. On March 24, 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved a modification in the vesting terms of its restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards. This modification was accounted for under the guidance in ASC 718-20-35-3. Given the vesting of the modified awards contained a performance condition associated with the IPO, the Company had determined that the modification was considered improbable-to-improbable under ASC 718-20-55-118 through 119. The Company recognized compensation expense over the modified vesting terms, based on the fair value as of the date of modification.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company's board of directors approved the modification of the vesting schedule of certain awards granted prior to the IPO, to accelerate the vesting of those grants. These modifications were accounted for in accordance with ASC 718-20-35-3 and did not have any material impact on the stock-based compensation during the three months ended March 31, 2023. There were no such modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Following is the activity of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted by the Company:

(1)

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 1,420,286 shares of restricted stock and 7,952 restricted stock units to its employees, advisors and non-employee directors.

(2)

During the three months ended March 31, 2024,331,160 shares of restricted stock and 30,462 restricted stock units were forfeited.

(3)

Includes 33,178,381 unvested shares of Class A restricted stock,10,754,062 unvested shares of Class B restricted stock and 734,672 unvested restricted stock units as of March 31, 2024.

Stock options

Following is the summary of transactions under the Plans and the 2021 Plan:

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 618,942 outstanding exercisable options with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.79. Options granted by the Company expire no later than ten years from the grant date. The Company did not grant any options during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Performance Stock Unit (“PSU”) Award

During the years ended on December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors granted PSUs under the 2021 Plan to certain employees. Each PSU represents the right to receive shares of Class A common stock as set forth in the PSU grant agreement or, at the option of the Company, an equivalent amount of cash. Participants have no right to the distribution of any shares or payment of any cash until the time (if ever) the PSUs are earned and have vested. Each PSU provides for the right to receive a dividend equivalent to the value of any ordinary cash dividends paid on substantially all the outstanding shares of Class A common stock if the PSUs are earned and vested. The PSUs are earned as a percentage of the target number of PSUs granted based on the 20-day volume-weighted average closing price per share (“VWAP”) for each quarter during the applicable performance period. The number of PSUs earned for such quarter shall be reduced by the number of PSUs, if any, earned in any prior quarter. Upon achievement of certain stock price conditions, vesting and settlement of the PSUs could result in the issuance of up to 300% of the target number of PSUs granted being settled in shares of Class A common stock.

Earned PSUs vest in three equal annual installments, with the first installment vesting on the date the Company determines the number of PSUs that are eligible to vest for such quarter, and the second and third installments vesting on the first and second anniversaries of such determination date, subject to accelerated vesting in connection with certain qualifying terminations of employment or a change in control.

Following is the summary of PSUs under the Company’s 2021 Plan:

(1) Includes 275,500 PSUs with a fair value of $5.17, that are earned based on the 20 day VWAP of our Class A common stock as discussed above.

The Company did not issue any PSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)

The Company maintains the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2021 ESPP"). The 2021 ESPP permits participants to purchase the Company’s Class A common stock through contributions up to a specified percentage of their eligible compensation. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased by a participant during any offering period is capped at 10,000. In addition, no employee will be permitted to accrue the right to purchase shares under the Section 423 component at a rate in excess of $25 worth of shares during any calendar year during which such a purchase right is outstanding (based on the fair market value per share of our Class A common stock as of the first day of the offering period).

The 2021 ESPP has consecutive offering periods of approximately six months in length commencing each year on December 1 and June 1 and ending on each May 31 and November 30, as applicable.

The Company determined the estimated fair value of the shares purchased under the 2021 ESPP using the Black-Scholes-Merton method. The fair value of shares for the offering that commenced on December 1, 2023 was estimated at $2.28 per share using the following assumptions, and expected to result in an issuance of approximately 185,479 shares of Class A common stock under this offering that will end on May 31, 2024.

Unrecognized compensation expense

The Company has$207,859 of unrecognized compensation expense related to its 44,667,115 unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units,4,898,175 performance stock units,1,859,152 unvested options and approximately 185,479 shares of Class A common stock to be issued under the 2021 ESPP. This unrecognized stock-based compensation will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.02 years.

10. Leases

The Company maintains leased offices in the United States of America, United Kingdom, India, Belgium and France.

The balances for right-to-use asset and lease liabilities are as follows:

Minimum lease obligations - Future minimum payments under all operating leases (including leases with a duration of one year or less) as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

11. Stockholders’ Equity

Share repurchase plan

On August 3, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase and withholding program of up to $50,000 in the aggregate for (i) repurchases of the Company’s outstanding Class A common stock through December 31, 2024 (the “2022 SRP”) and (ii) the withholding of shares as an alternative to market sales by certain executives to satisfy tax withholding requirements upon vesting of restricted stock awards (the “RSA Withholding Program").

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 324,753 shares for a value of $3,466. Out of the repurchased amount, $2,000 was settled by the Company subsequent to March 31, 2024 and is included in other current liabilities in the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheet; the similar amount as of December 31, 2023 was $1,978. As of March 31, 2024, $21,507 worth of shares remained available for purchase under this discretionary plan.

12. Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value is the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability assuming an orderly transaction in the most advantageous market at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.

Level 1 is defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

Level 2 is defined as observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

Level 3 is defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The following table represents the fair value of the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

• Includes cash invested by the Company in certain money market accounts with a financial institution.

The following table reconciles the changes in the fair value of the liabilities categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

In connection with certain business combinations, the Company may owe additional purchase consideration (contingent consideration included in the acquisition-related liabilities) based on the financial performance of the acquired entities after their acquisition. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using an unobservable input such as projected revenues, collections of accounts receivables, etc. Changes in any of the assumptions related to the unobservable inputs identified above may change the fair value of the contingent consideration.

13. Related Party Transactions

a)

Casting Made Simple Corp. (“CMS”) is an entity owned by the Caivis Group (the Company's Chief Executive Officer owns a controlling interest in the Caivis Group) and the Chief Executive Officer’s spouse. On December 28, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with CMS to monetize traffic generated through websites owned by CMS and give a profit share to CMS. The profit shared by the Company with CMS, amounted to $63 and $52 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, was recognized as direct cost of revenues in the condensed unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company hadoutstanding payables of $53 and $43, respectively, to CMS and included in the “accounts payable and accrued expenses” in the condensed unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

b)

The Company's Chief Financial Officer’s spouse is an executive officer at DailyPay, Inc. (“DailyPay”). On August 31, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with DailyPay to provide certain marketing related services. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company didnot generate any revenues from DailyPay. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had anoutstanding receivableof $48 from DailyPay, which was subsequently received by the Company and therefore the Company didnot have anyoutstanding receivable from DailyPay as of March 31, 2024.

14. Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax provision consists of federal, foreign, and state taxes necessary to align the Company’s year-to-date tax provision with the annual effective rate that it expects to achieve for the full year. At each interim period, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate and records cumulative adjustments as necessary.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $396. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was negative 1.0% on a pre-tax loss of $39,170.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $198. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was negative 0.3% on a pre-tax loss of $56,757.

The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily related to limited tax benefit recorded for U.S. operating losses as the Company maintains a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets.

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share is computed using the two-class method, by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock of the Company outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock of the Company, outstanding stock options, warrants, to the extent dilutive. However, the unvested restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 of 49,422,790 and 58,689,430 respectively, are not considered as participating securities and are anti-dilutive and as such are excluded from the weighted average number of shares used for calculating basic and diluted net loss per share. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock of the Company outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the periods presented:

Since the Company was in a net loss position for all periods presented, the inclusion of all potential common equivalent shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Therefore net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was the same on a basic and diluted basis.

Anti-dilutive weighted-average common equivalent shares were as follows:

Subsequent Events

On April 03, 2024, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved the grant of 2,989,850 PSUs under the Company’s 2021 Plan. Upon achievement of certain conditions, the PSUs could result in the issuance of up to 5,979,700 shares of Class A common stock, through the performance period that ends on December 31, 2028. Further, the Compensation Committee also granted 4,187,965 restricted stock unit awards and 1,832,802 options to certain employees during April 2024. These awards will vest based on the vesting schedule of such awards under the 2021 Plan.