RYAN SPECIALTY HOLDINGS INC
For the period ended Mar 31, 2024. Filed May 3, 2024.
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Mar 31, 2024 · Filed May 3, 2024
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Tabular amounts presented in thousands, except share and per share data)
Basis of Presentation
Nature of Operations
Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc., (the “Company”) is a service provider of specialty products and solutions for insurance brokers, agents, and carriers. These services encompass distribution, underwriting, product development, administration, and risk management by acting as a wholesale broker and a managing underwriter or a program administrator with delegated authority from insurance carriers. The Company’s offerings cover a wide variety of sectors including commercial, industrial, institutional, governmental, and personal through one operating segment, Ryan Specialty. With the exception of the Company’s equity method investment, the Company does not take on any underwriting risk.
The Company is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and has operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Singapore. The Company’s Class A common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “RYAN”.
Organization
Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc., was formed as a Delaware corporation on March 5, 2021, for the purpose of completing an IPO and to carry on the business of the LLC. New Ryan Specialty, LLC, or New LLC, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on April 20, 2021, for the purpose of becoming, subsequent to our IPO, an intermediate holding company between Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc., and the LLC. The Company is the sole managing member of New LLC. New LLC is a holding company with its sole material asset being a controlling equity interest in the LLC. The Company operates and controls the business and affairs of the LLC through New LLC and, through the LLC, conducts its business. Accordingly, the Company consolidates the financial results of New LLC, and therefore the LLC, and reports the non-controlling interests of New LLC’s Common Units on its consolidated financial statements. As the LLC is substantively the same as New LLC, for the purpose of this document, we will refer to both New LLC and the LLC as the “LLC”. As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned 45.6% of the outstanding LLC Common Units.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial information. These consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year due to seasonality and other factors.
In the opinion of management, the consolidated interim financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for all periods presented. Certain prior period amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries that it controls due to ownership of a majority voting interest or pursuant to variable interest entity (“VIE”) accounting. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company, through its intermediate holding company New LLC, owns a minority economic interest in, and operates and controls the businesses and affairs of, the LLC. The LLC is a VIE of the Company and the Company is the primary beneficiary of the LLC as the Company has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the LLC’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of, and receive benefits from, the LLC, which could be significant to the Company. Accordingly, the Company has prepared these consolidated financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”). ASC 810 requires that if an entity is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the VIE should be included in the consolidated financial statements of such entity. The Company’s relationship with the LLC results in no recourse to the general credit of the Company and the Company has no contractual requirement to provide financial support to the LLC. The Company shares in the income and losses of the LLC in direct proportion to the Company’s ownership percentage.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and notes thereto requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and in the notes thereto. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as circumstances change or more information becomes available, which could affect the amounts reported and disclosed herein.
Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies from those that were disclosed for the year ended December 31, 2023 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280) — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01 Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718) — Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards, which provides illustrative examples to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance in paragraph 718-10-15-3 to determine whether profits interests and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718. This ASU is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, but early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard retrospectively on January 1, 2024 with no material impact to the consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02 Codification Improvements — Amendments to Remove References to the Concept Statements, which removes references to various FASB Concepts Statements which will simplify the Codification and draw a distinction between authoritative and nonauthoritative literature. This ASU is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, but early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard prospectively on January 1, 2024 with no material impact to the consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers by Specialty:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Wholesale Brokerage | $323,445 | $285,850 |
| Binding Authority | 88,635 | 69,526 |
| Underwriting Management | 125,807 | 92,137 |
| Total Net commissions and fees | $537,887 | $447,513 |
Contract Balances
Contract assets, which arise primarily from the Company’s supplemental commission arrangements and medical stop loss business, are included within Commissions and fees receivable – net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The contract assets balance was $18.0 million and $13.4 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For contract assets, payment is typically due within one year of the completed performance obligation. The contract liability balance related to deferred revenue, which is included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $5.7 million and $7.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024,$3.5 million of the contract liabilities outstanding as of December 31, 2023 were recognized in revenue.
Mergers and Acquisitions
There were no acquisitions completed during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
2023 Acquisitions
On January 3, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets of Griffin Underwriting Services (“Griffin”), a binding authority specialist and wholesale insurance broker headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, for cash consideration of $115.5 million.
On July 1, 2023, the Company completed the acquisitions of certain assets of ACE Benefit Partners, Inc. (“ACE”), a medical stop loss general agent headquartered in Eagle, Idaho, and Point6 Healthcare, LLC (“Point6”), a distributor of medical stop loss insurance on behalf of retail brokers and third-party administrators headquartered in Plano, Texas, for an aggregate $46.8 million of cash consideration and $2.3 million of contingent consideration. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, a measurement period adjustment related to the initial valuation of contingent consideration of $0.6 million was recognized in Goodwill on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On July 3, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of Socius Insurance Services (“Socius”), a national wholesale insurance broker headquartered in Northern California, for $253.5 million of cash consideration, $5.8 million of contingent consideration, and $2.7 million of RYAN Class A common stock.
On December 1, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of AccuRisk Holdings, LLC (“AccuRisk”), a medical stop loss managing general underwriter headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, for $98.3 million of cash consideration. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, a measurement period adjustment related to the initial valuation of contingent consideration of $0.3 million was recognized in Goodwill on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Estimates and assumptions used in the acquisition valuations are subject to change within the measurement period up to one year from each acquisition date.
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company as if the 2023 acquisitions, excluding Griffin as it is already included in the results of both periods presented, occurred on January 1, 2023. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisitions had taken place on the date indicated or of results that may occur in the future.
| Three Months Ended | |
|---|---|
| Total revenue | $488,482 |
| Net income | 13,819 |
The unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments of (i) incremental amortization expense on intangible assets acquired of $2.7 million, (ii) an increase in transaction costs of $2.0 million, and (iii) an increase of $18.4 million of income tax expense related to the common control reorganizations as part of the Socius and AccuRisk acquisitions.
Contingent Consideration
Total consideration for certain acquisitions includes contingent consideration, which is generally based on the EBITDA or revenue of the acquired business following a defined period after purchase. Further information regarding fair value measurements of contingent consideration is detailed in Note 13, Fair Value Measurements. The Company recognizes income or loss for the changes in fair value of estimated contingent consideration within Change in contingent consideration, and recognizes accretion of the discount on these liabilities within Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The table below summarizes the amounts recognized:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Change in contingent consideration | $(65) | $714 |
| Interest expense, net | 936 | 871 |
| Total | $871 | $1,585 |
The aggregate amount of maximum contingent consideration related to acquisitions was $98.1 million as of March 31, 2024.
Restructuring
In February 2023, the Company initiated the ACCELERATE 2025 program that will enable continued growth, drive innovation, and deliver sustainable productivity improvements over the long term. The restructuring plan aims to reduce costs and increase efficiencies through a focus on optimizing the Company’s operations and technology. In its expanded form, the restructuring plan is expected to incur total restructuring costs of approximately $110.0 million through December 31, 2024 and to generate annual savings of approximately $60.0 million in 2025. The total expected costs of the plan include $55.0 million related to operations and technology optimization, $40.0 million related to employee compensation and benefits, and $15.0 million related to asset impairment and other termination costs.
The table below presents the restructuring expense for the program incurred:
| Three Months Ended March 31, · Inception-to-Date | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | As of March 31, 2024 | |
| Operations and technology optimization | $4,435 | $1,434 | $30,430 |
| Compensation and benefits | 24,603 | 659 | 35,923 |
| Asset impairment and other termination costs | — | 586 | 11,057 |
| Total | $29,038 | $2,679 | $77,410 |
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized restructuring expenses of $26.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, including contractor costs, in Compensation and benefits, and $2.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in General and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The table below presents a summary of changes in the restructuring liability:
| Operations and Technology Optimization | Compensation and Benefits | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $5,886 | $1,080 | $6,966 |
| Accrued costs | 10,392 | 24,603 | 34,995 |
| Payments | (8,944) | (24,018) | (32,962) |
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | $7,334 | $1,665 | $8,999 |
Accrued costs in the table above include both costs expensed and capitalized during the period. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $6.9 million and $5.3 million, respectively, of the restructuring liability was included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $2.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively, was includedin Current Accrued compensation on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Receivables and Other Current Assets
Receivables
The Company had receivables of $299.2 million and $294.2 million outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which were recognized within Commissions and fees receivable – net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Commission and fees receivable is net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company’s allowance for credit losses is based on a combination of factors, including evaluation of historical write-offs, current economic conditions, aging of balances, and other qualitative and quantitative analyses.
The following table provides a summary of changes in the Company’s allowance for expected credit losses:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Beginning of period | $2,458 | $1,980 |
| Write-offs | (787) | (425) |
| Increase in provision | 390 | 531 |
| End of period | $2,061 | $2,086 |
Other Current Assets
Major classes of other current assets consist of the following:
| March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |
|---|---|---|
| Prepaid expenses | $25,357 | $25,762 |
| Insurance recoverable | 19,537 | 20,562 |
| Other current receivables | 17,395 | 15,905 |
| Total Other current assets | $62,289 | $62,229 |
Other current receivables contain service receivables from Geneva Re, Ltd. See Note 15, Related Parties, for further information regarding related parties. See Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, for further information on the insurance recoverable.
Leases
The Company has various non-cancelable operating leases with various terms through September 2038, primarily for office space and office equipment. The following table provides additional information about the Company’s leases:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Lease costs | ||
| Operating lease costs | $7,878 | $8,406 |
| Short-term lease costs | ||
| Operating lease costs | 245 | 238 |
| Sublease income | (148) | (172) |
| Lease costs – net | $7,975 | $8,472 |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | ||
| Operating cash flows for operating leases | $8,031 | $7,158 |
| Non-cash related activities | ||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | 4,007 | 3,401 |
| Amortization of right-of-use assets for operating lease activity | 5,708 | 6,014 |
| Weighted average discount rate (percent) | ||
| Operating leases | 5.2% | 4.8% |
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | ||
| Operating leases | 8.0 | 8.4 |
Debt
Substantially all of the Company’s debt is carried at outstanding principal balance, less debt issuance costs and any unamortized discount. The following table is a summary of the Company’s outstanding debt:
| March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |
|---|---|---|
| Term debt | ||
| 7-year term loan facility, periodic interest and quarterly principal payments, Adjusted Term SOFR + 2.75% as of March 31, 2024, Adjusted Term SOFR + 3.00% as of December 31, 2023, matures September 1, 2027 | $1,577,645 | $1,564,718 |
| Senior secured notes | ||
| 8-year senior secured notes, semi-annual interest payments, 4.38%, matures February 1, 2030 | 396,547 | 400,704 |
| Revolving debt | ||
| 5-year revolving loan facility, periodic interest payments, Adjusted Term SOFR + up to 3.00%, plus commitment fees of 0.25%-0.50%, matures July 26, 2026 | 395 | 377 |
| Premium financing notes | ||
| Commercial notes, periodic interest and principal payments, 5.75%, expire May 1, 2024 | 566 | 2,251 |
| Commercial notes, periodic interest and principal payments, 5.75%, expire June 1, 2024 | 251 | 622 |
| Commercial notes, periodic interest and principal payments, 6.00%, expire June 19, 2024 | 1,675 | 2,485 |
| Commercial notes, periodic interest and principal payments, 5.75%, expire June 21, 2024 | 1,438 | 2,855 |
| Units subject to mandatory redemption | 3,399 | 5,200 |
| Total debt | $1,981,916 | $1,979,212 |
| Less: Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | (39,374) | (35,375) |
| Long-term debt | $1,942,542 | $1,943,837 |
Term Loan
The original principal of the Term Loan was $1,650.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, $1,596.4 million of the principal was outstanding, $11.5 million of interest was accrued, and the related unamortized deferred issuance costs were $30.2 million. As of December 31, 2023, $1,596.4 million of the principal was outstanding, $1.1 million of interest was accrued, and the related unamortized deferred issuance costs were $32.8 million.
On January 19, 2024, the Company entered into the fifth amendment (the “Repricing Amendment”) to the Term Loan’s Credit Agreement. As a result of the Repricing Amendment, the applicable interest rate of the Term Loan was reduced from Adjusted Term SOFR +3.00% to Adjusted Term SOFR +2.75% and no longer contains a credit spread adjustment. All other material provisions remain unchanged. The portion of the debt related to the lenders that opted out of the repricing was considered extinguished and their portion of the legacy debt issuance costs of $0.4 million was written off during the three months ended March 31, 2024, which was recognized in Interest expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Additionally, the Company incurred third-party fees related to the repricing of $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which were recognized in Other non-operating loss (income) on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Revolving Credit Facility
The Revolving Credit Facility had a borrowing capacity of $600.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. As the Revolving Credit Facility had not been drawn on as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023, the deferred issuance costs related to the facility of $3.5 million and $4.1 million, respectively, were included in Other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The commitments available to be borrowed under the Revolving Credit Facility were $599.6 million and $599.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, as the available amount of the facility was reduced by $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of undrawn letters of credit.
The Company pays a commitment fee on undrawn amounts under the facility of 0.25% -0.50%. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company accrued $0.4 million of unpaid commitment fees related to the Revolving Credit Facility in Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Senior Secured Notes due 2030
In February 2022, the LLC issued $400.0 million of Senior Secured Notes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accrued interest on the notes was $2.9 million and $7.3 million, respectively, and the related unamortized deferred issuance costs plus discount were $6.3 million and $6.6 million, respectively.
Subsidiary Units Subject to Mandatory Redemption
Ryan Re Underwriting Managers, LLC (“Ryan Re”) has the obligation to settle its outstanding preferred units owned by Patrick G. Ryan in the amount of the aggregate unreturned capital and unpaid dividends on June 13, 2034, fifteen years from original issuance. As these units are mandatorily redeemable, they are classified as Long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The historical cost of the units is $3.3 million, which was valued using an implicit rate of 9.8%. Accretion of the discount using the implicit rate is recognized as Interest expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, interest accrued on these units was $0.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively. $1.9 million of accrued return on the Ryan Re preferred units was paid during the three months ended March 31, 2024. See Note 17, Related Parties, for further information on Ryan Re.
Stockholders’ Equity
Ryan Specialty’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock,1,000,000,000 shares of Class B common stock,10,000,000 shares of Class X common stock, and 500,000,000 shares of preferred stock, each having a par value of $0.001 per share.
The New LLC Operating Agreement requires that the Company and the LLC at all times maintain a one-to-one ratio between the number of shares of Class A common stock issued by the Company and the number of LLC Common Units owned by the Company, except as otherwise determined by the Company.
Class A and Class B Common Stock
Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is initially entitled to 10 votes per share but, upon the occurrence of certain events as set forth in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, will be entitled to one vote per share in the future. All holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class except as otherwise required by applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Holders of Class B common stock do not have any right to receive dividends or distributions upon the liquidation or winding up of the Company.
In accordance with the New LLC Operating Agreement, the LLC Unitholders are entitled to exchange LLC Common Units for shares of Class A common stock or, at the Company’s election, for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the price of our Class A common stock in such public offering or private sale). The LLC Unitholders are also required to deliver to the Company an equivalent number of shares of Class B common stock to effectuate such an exchange. Any shares of Class B common stock so delivered will be canceled. Shares of Class B common stock are not issued for Class C Incentive Units that are exchanged for LLC Common Units as these LLC Common Units are immediately exchanged for Class A common stock as discussed in Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation.
Class X Common Stock
There wereno sharesof Class X common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Shares of Class X common stock have no economic, voting, or dividend rights.
Preferred Stock
There wereno shares of preferred stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Under the terms of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Board is authorized to direct the Company to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without stockholder approval. The Board has the discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock.
Dividends
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a one-time special cash dividend of $0.23 per share and initiated a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.11 per share on the Company’s outstanding Class A common stock.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $40.0 million of dividends, consisting of $27.1 million related to the special dividend and $12.9 million related to the regular quarterly dividend, was paid on Class A common stock.
Non-controlling Interests
The Company is the sole managing member of the LLC. As a result, the Company consolidates the LLC in its consolidated financial statements, resulting in non-controlling interests related to the LLC Common Units not held by the Company. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company owned 45.6% of the economic interests in the LLC, while the non-controlling interest holders owned the remaining 54.4% of the economic interests in the LLC.
Weighted average ownership percentages for the applicable reporting periods are used to attribute net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) to the Company and the non-controlling interest holders. The non-controlling interest holders’ weighted average ownership percentage was 54.9% and 57.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company initiated a regular quarterly cash distribution of $0.04 per unit on the LLC’s outstanding LLC Common Units. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $5.6 million in distributions was paid to the non-controlling interest holders of the LLC Common Units.
Equity-Based Compensation
The Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc., 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) governs, among other things, the types of awards the Company can grant to employees as equity-based compensation awards. The Omnibus Plan provides for potential grants of the following awards: (i) stock options, (ii) stock appreciation rights, (iii) restricted stock awards, (iv) performance awards, (v) other stock-based awards, (vi) other cash-based awards, and (vii) analogous equity awards made in equity of the LLC.
IPO-Related Awards
As a result of the Organizational Transactions, pre-IPO holders of LLC Units that were granted as incentive awards, which had historically been classified as equity and vested pro rata over five years, were required to exchange their LLC Units for either Restricted Stock or Restricted Common Units. Additionally, Reload Options or Reload Class C Incentive Units were issued to employees in order to protect against the dilution of their existing awards upon exchange to the new awards.
Separately, certain employees were granted one or more of the following new awards: (i) Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), (ii) Staking Options, (iii) Restricted LLC Units (“RLUs”), or (iv) Staking Class C Incentive Units. The terms of these awards are described below. All awards granted as part of the Organizational Transactions and the IPO are subject to non-linear transfer restrictions for at least the five-year period following the IPO.
Incentive Awards
As part of the Company’s annual compensation process, the Company issues certain employees and directors equity-based compensation awards (“Incentive Awards”). Additionally, the Company offers Incentive Awards to certain new hires. These Incentive Awards typically take the form of (i) RSUs, (ii) RLUs, (iii) Class C Incentive Units, (iv) Stock Options, (v) Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”), and (vi) Performance LLC Units (“PLUs”). The terms of these awards are described below.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Common Units
As part of the Organizational Transactions, certain existing employee unitholders were granted Restricted Stock or Restricted Common Units in exchange for their LLC Units. The Restricted Stock and Restricted Common Units follow the vesting schedule of the LLC Units for which they were exchanged. LLC Units historically vested pro rata over 5 years.
| Restricted Stock | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | RestrictedCommon Units | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unvested at beginning of period | 938,910 | $21.15 | 1,122,564 | $23.84 |
| Granted | — | — | — | — |
| Vested | (5,144) | 21.15 | (5,124) | 23.84 |
| Forfeited | — | — | — | — |
| Unvested at end of period | 933,766 | $21.15 | 1,117,440 | $23.84 |
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
IPO RSUs
Related to the IPO, the Company granted RSUs to certain employees. The IPORSUs vest either pro rata over 5 years from the grant date or over 10 years from the grant date, with 10% vesting in each of years 3 through 9 and 30% vesting in year 10.
Incentive RSUs
As part of the Company’s compensation process, the Company issues Incentive RSUs to certain employees. The Incentive RSUs vest either 100%3 or 5 years from the grant date, pro rata over 3 or 5 years from the grant date, over 5 years from the grant date, with one-third of the grant vesting in each of years 3,4 and 5, orover 7 years from the grant date, with 20% vesting in each of years 3 through 7.
Upon vesting, RSUs automatically convert on a one-for-one basis into Class A common stock.
| IPO RSUs | Incentive RSUs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RestrictedStock Units | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | RestrictedStock Units | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | |
| Unvested at beginning of period | 3,359,778 | $23.07 | 1,819,916 | $38.02 |
| Granted | — | — | 645,326 | 52.38 |
| Vested | — | — | (9,449) | 32.30 |
| Forfeited | (32,646) | 22.69 | (37,346) | 38.15 |
| Unvested at end of period | 3,327,132 | $23.08 | 2,418,447 | $41.88 |
Stock Options
Reload and Staking Options
As part of the Organizational Transactions and IPO, certain employees were granted Reload Options or Staking Options that entitle the award holder to future purchases of Class A common stock, on a one-for-one basis, at the IPO price of $23.50. The Reload Options vest either 100%3 years from the grant date or over 5 years from the grant date, with one-third of the grant vesting in each of years 3,4 and 5. In general, vested Reload Options are exercisable up to the tenth anniversary of the grant date. The Staking Options vest over 10 years from the grant date, with 10% vesting in each of years 3 through 9 and 30% vesting in year 10. In general, vested Staking Options are exercisable up to the eleventh anniversary of the grant date.
Incentive Options
As part of the Company’s compensation process, the Company may issue Incentive Options to certain employees that entitle the award holder to future purchases of Class A common stock, on a one-for-one basis, at the respective exercise prices. The Incentive Options vest either over 5 years from the grant date, with one-third of the grant vesting in each of years 3,4 and 5 or pro rata over 7 years from the grant date. In general, vested Incentive Options are exercisable up to the tenth anniversary of the grant date.
| Reload Options1 | Staking Options1 | Incentive Options | Incentive OptionsWeighted AverageExercise Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding at beginning of period | 4,473,388 | 66,667 | 165,684 | $34.39 |
| Granted | — | — | 150,000 | 52.38 |
| Exercised | — | — | — | — |
| Forfeited | (5,664) | — | — | — |
| Outstanding at end of period | 4,467,724 | 66,667 | 315,684 | $42.94 |
1 As the Reload and Staking Options were one-time grants at the IPO, the weighted average exercise price for any movements in these awards will perpetually be $23.50. As such, the values are not presented in the table above.
The fair value of Incentive Options granted during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
| Incentive Options | |
|---|---|
| Volatility | 25.0% |
| Time to maturity (years) | 7.0 |
| Risk-free rate | 4.2% |
| Dividend yield | 0.8% |
| Fair value per option | $17.09 |
The use of a valuation model for the Options requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. Expected volatility was calculated based on the observed volatility for comparable companies. The expected time to maturity was based on the weighted-average vesting term and contractual term of the awards. The risk-free interest rate was based on U.S. Treasury rates commensurate with the expected life of the award. The dividend yield was based on the Company’s expected dividend rate.
Restricted LLC Units (RLUs)
IPO RLUs
Related to the IPO, the Company granted RLUs to certain employees that vest either pro rata over 5 years from the grant date or over 10 years from the grant date, with 10% vesting in each of years 3 through 9 and 30% vesting in year 10.
Incentive RLUs
As part of the Company’s compensation process, the Company issues Incentive RLUs to certain employees. The Incentive RLUs vest either 100%3 years from the grant date, pro rata over 3 or 5 years from the grant date, or over 7 years from the grant date, with 20% vesting in each of years 3 through 7.
Upon vesting, RLUs convert on a one-for-one basis into either LLC Common Units or Class A common stock at the election of the Company.
| IPO RLUs | Incentive RLUs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RestrictedLLC Units | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | RestrictedLLC Units | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | |
| Unvested at beginning of period | 1,448,127 | $25.09 | 482,329 | $39.80 |
| Granted | — | — | 249,971 | 51.33 |
| Vested | — | — | — | — |
| Forfeited | — | — | — | — |
| Unvested at end of period | 1,448,127 | $25.09 | 732,300 | $43.74 |
Class C Incentive Units
Reload and Staking Class C Incentive Units
As part of the Organizational Transactions and IPO, certain employees were granted Reload Class C Incentive Units or Staking Class C Incentive Units, which are profits interests. When the value of Class A common stock exceeds the participation threshold, vested profits interests may be exchanged for LLC Common Units of equal value. On exchange, the LLC Common Units are immediately redeemed on aone-to-one basis for Class A common stock. The Reload Class C Incentive Units vest either 100%3 years from the grant date or over 5 years from the grant date, with one-third of the grant vesting in each of years 3,4 and 5. The Staking Class C
Incentive Units vest either pro rata over 5 years from the grant date or over 10 years from the grant date, with 10% vesting in each of years 3 through 9 and 30% vesting in year 10.
Class C Incentive Units
As part of the Company’s compensation process, the Company issues Class C Incentive Units to certain employees, which are profits interests. When the value of Class A common stock exceeds the participation threshold, vested profits interests may be exchanged for LLC Common Units of equal value. On exchange, the LLC Common Units are immediately redeemed on aone-to-one basis for Class A common stock. The Class C Incentive Units vest over 8 years from the grant date, with 15% vesting in each of years 3 through 7 and 25% vesting in year 8, or over 7 years from the grant date, with 20% vesting in each of years 3 through 7.
| Reload Class C Incentive Units | Staking Class C Incentive Units | Class CIncentive Units | Class C Incentive Units Weighted Average Participation Threshold | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unvested at beginning of period | 3,911,490 | 1,876,669 | 495,822 | $36.96 |
| Granted | — | — | — | — |
| Vested | — | — | — | — |
| Forfeited | — | — | — | — |
| Unvested at end of period | 3,911,490 | 1,876,669 | 495,822 | $36.92 |
As the Reload and Staking Class C Incentive Units were one-time grants at the IPO, the weighted average participation threshold for these awards will be consistent across any type of movement. The weighted average participation threshold for Reload and Staking Class C Incentive Units was $23.46 and $23.50 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease in the participation thresholds for the various types of Class C Incentive Units was due to the distributions declared to these awards during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Performance Based Awards
Performance Stock Units (PSUs) and Performance LLC Units (PLUs)
Certain employees were granted performance-based equity awards, either PSUs or PLUs, subject to the Company’s achievement of several defined performance metrics including(i) an Adjusted EBITDAC Margin target, (ii) an Organic Revenue Growth Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”) target, and (iii) total shareholder return (“TSR”) CAGR targets. The TSR CAGR targets are measured from the grant date share price to the sum of (i) the average of (a) the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Class A common stock for the fourth quarter of 2027 and (b) the VWAP of the Class A common stock for the first quarter of 2028 and (ii) dividends paid to Class A common shareholders. The Adjusted EBITDAC Margin and the Organic Revenue Growth CAGR targets as well as a minimum threshold for the TSR CAGR target must be achieved for the awards to vest. If the Adjusted EBITDAC Margin or the Organic Revenue Growth CAGR targets are not met, or the TSR CAGR is below the minimum threshold, the awards will be forfeit.
PSUs represent the right to receive Class A common shares and PLUs represent the right to receive LLC Common Units upon vesting. If the Adjusted EBITDAC Margin and the Organic Revenue Growth CAGR targets are achieved, and the TSR CAGR meets at least the minimum threshold, the TSR CAGR targets will determine how many Class A common shares or LLC Common Units, as applicable, the awards vest into. Assuming the minimum threshold is met, the awards will vest into between 75% and 150%of the applicable stock or units. The payout percentage between the TSR CAGR range will be determined on a graduated basis. Confirmation of the targets will not occur until after the Company’s fiscal year 2028 earnings are reported. If the targets are achieved, theawards will vest on April 1, 2029. The probability of achieving the performance metrics is assessed each reporting period for expense purposes.
| PSUs · PLUs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Performance Stock Units | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | Performance LLC Units | Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value | |
| Unvested at beginning of period | — | $— | — | $— |
| Granted | 303,721 | 24.75 | 487,218 | 24.40 |
| Vested | — | — | — | — |
| Forfeited | — | — | — | — |
| Unvested at end of period | 303,721 | $24.75 | 487,218 | $24.40 |
The fair value of the performance-based awards granted during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model with the following assumptions:
| PSUs and PLUs | |
|---|---|
| Volatility | 24.7% |
| Time to maturity (years) | 4.1 |
| Risk-free rate | 4.2% |
| Initial RYAN stock price | $52.38 |
The use of a valuation model for the PSUs and PLUs requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. Expected volatility was calculated based on the observed volatility for comparable companies. The time to maturity was based on the stock price CAGR target through the first quarter of 2028. The risk-free interest rate was based on U.S. Treasury rates commensurate with the performance period. The initial RYAN stock price is the base for the stock price CAGR target. The difference in the grant date fair value of the PSUs and PLUs relates to the difference in Dividend Equivalents and Distributions Declared (as defined below) each award is entitled to accrue.
Non-Employee Director Stock Grants
The Company grants RSUs (“Director Stock Grants”) to non-employee directors serving as members of the Company’s Board of Directors, with the exception of the one director appointed by Onex in accordance with Onex’s nomination rights who has agreed to forgo any compensation for his service to the Board. The Director Stock Grants are fully vested upon grant. The next grant is anticipated to occur in the second quarter of 2024 concurrent with the annual shareholders’ meeting.
Dividend Equivalents and Declared Distributions
A majority of the Company’s unvested equity-based compensation awards, with the exception of Options and Class C Incentive Units, are entitled to accrue dividend equivalents if the award vests into Class A common stock (“Dividend Equivalents”) or declared distributions if the award vests into LLC Common Units (“Declared Distributions”) over the period the underlying award vests. The Dividend Equivalents and Declared Distributions will be paid in cash to award holders at the time the underlying award vests. If an award holder forfeits their underlying award, the accrued Dividend Equivalents or Declared Distributions will also be forfeited. Class C Incentive Units do not accrue cash distributions but instead have their participation thresholds lowered by each distribution declared. Options do not participate in dividends.
As of March 31, 2024, the Company accrued $0.5 million and $0.1 million related to Dividend Equivalents and Declared Distributions, respectively, in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and $1.9 million and $0.1 million related to Dividend Equivalents and Declared Distributions, respectively, in Other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Equity-Based Compensation Expense
As of March 31, 2024, the unrecognized equity-based compensation costs related to each type of equity-based compensation award described above and the related weighted-average remaining expense period were as follows:
| Amount | Weighted Average Remaining Expense Period (years) | |
|---|---|---|
| Restricted Stock | $2,760 | 0.7 |
| IPO RSUs | 36,239 | 3.7 |
| Incentive RSUs | 71,388 | 2.7 |
| Reload Options | 2,036 | 1.2 |
| Staking Options | 293 | 5.3 |
| Incentive Options | 3,401 | 2.0 |
| PSUs | 7,392 | 5.0 |
| Restricted Common Units | 1,577 | 0.3 |
| IPO RLUs | 20,946 | 5.0 |
| Incentive RLUs | 25,429 | 2.4 |
| Reload Class C Incentive Units | 1,892 | 1.2 |
| Staking Class C Incentive Units | 11,643 | 4.5 |
| Class C Incentive Units | 6,918 | 4.1 |
| PLUs | 11,690 | 5.0 |
| Total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense | $203,604 |
The following table includes the equity-based compensation the Company recognized by award type from the view of expense related to pre-IPO and post-IPO awards. The table also presents the unrecognized equity-based compensation expense as of March 31, 2024 in the same view.
| Recognized · Unrecognized | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 · As of | |||
| 2024 | 2023 | March 31, 2024 | |
| IPO awards | |||
| IPO RSUs and Staking Options | $3,013 | $4,684 | $36,532 |
| IPO RLUs and Staking Class C Incentive Units | 2,548 | 3,150 | 32,589 |
| Incremental Restricted Stock and Reload Options | 954 | 1,254 | 3,416 |
| Incremental Restricted Common Units and Reload Class C Incentive Units | 1,279 | 2,094 | 2,996 |
| Pre-IPO incentive awards | |||
| Restricted Stock | 427 | 751 | 1,380 |
| Restricted Common Units | 208 | 551 | 473 |
| Post-IPO incentive awards | |||
| Incentive RSUs | 5,983 | 3,636 | 71,388 |
| Incentive RLUs | 1,578 | 956 | 25,429 |
| Incentive Options | 201 | 118 | 3,401 |
| Class C Incentive Units | 515 | 349 | 6,918 |
| PSUs | 125 | — | 7,392 |
| PLUs | 198 | — | 11,690 |
| Other expense | |||
| Director Stock Grants | 281 | 336 | N/A |
| Total equity-based compensation expense | $17,310 | $17,879 | $203,604 |
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc., by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed giving effect to potentially dilutive shares, including LLC equity awards and the non-controlling interests’ LLC Common Units that are exchangeable into Class A common stock. As shares of Class B common stock do not share in earnings and are not participating securities, they are not included in the Company’s calculation. A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock is as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Net income | $40,677 | $36,457 |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | 24,142 | 23,297 |
| Net income attributable to Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc. | $16,535 | $13,160 |
| Numerator: | ||
| Net income attributable to Class A common shareholders | $16,535 | $13,160 |
| Add (less): Income attributed to substantively vested RSUs | (550) | 225 |
| Net income attributable to Class A common shareholders – basic | $15,985 | $13,385 |
| Add: Income attributed to dilutive shares | 18,242 | 17,180 |
| Net income attributable to Class A common shareholders – diluted | $34,227 | $30,565 |
| Denominator: | ||
| Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding – basic | 117,811,805 | 111,034,503 |
| Add: Dilutive shares | 152,110,563 | 155,943,721 |
| Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding – diluted | 269,922,368 | 266,978,224 |
| Earnings per share | ||
| Earnings per share of Class A common stock – basic | $0.14 | $0.12 |
| Earnings per share of Class A common stock – diluted | $0.13 | $0.11 |
The following number of shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect of including such potentially dilutive shares would have been antidilutive:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Class C Incentive Units | 195,822 | 495,822 |
| Incentive Options | 150,000 | 168,282 |
| Incentive RSUs | — | 5,405 |
Derivatives
Deal-Contingent Foreign Currency Forward
On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into a deal-contingent foreign currency forward (the “Deal-Contingent Forward”) to manage the risk of appreciation of the GBP-denominated purchase price of the acquisition of Castel Underwriting Agencies Limited (“Castel”). The Deal-Contingent Forward has a 200.0 million GBP notional amount and will only be executed if and when the Castel acquisition closes. As the Deal-Contingent Forward is an economic hedge and has not been designated as an accounting hedge, any gains or losses resulting from the Deal-Contingent Forward, including changes in the instrument’s fair value, are recognized through earnings in the period incurred.
Interest Rate Cap
In April 2022, the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement to manage its exposure to interest rate fluctuations related to the Company’s Term Loan in the amount of $25.5 million. The interest rate cap has a $1,000.0 million notional amount,2.75% strike, and terminates on December 31, 2025. At inception, the Company formally designated the interest rate cap as a cash flow hedge. As of March 31, 2024, the interest rate cap continued to be an effective hedge.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the increase of $3.7 million and decrease of $8.7 million, respectively, in the fair value of the interest rate cap were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). As of March 31, 2024, the Company expects
$22.3 million of unrealized gains from the interest rate cap to be reclassified into earnings over the next twelve months. See Note 16, Income Taxes, for further information on the tax effects on other comprehensive income related to the interest rate cap.
The location and gains (losses) on derivatives are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Income Statement Caption | 2024 | 2023 | |
| Change in the fair value of the Deal-Contingent Forward | General and administrative | $(2,482) | $— |
| Total impact of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | $(2,482) | $— | |
| Interest rate cap premium amortization | Interest expense, net | $(1,739) | $(1,739) |
| Amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive income related to the interest rate cap | Interest expense, net | 6,544 | 4,415 |
| Total impact of derivatives designated as hedging instruments | $4,805 | $2,676 | |
The location and fair value of derivatives are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
| Balance Sheet Caption | March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | |||
| Deal-Contingent Forward | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $3,334 | $852 |
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | |||
| Interest rate cap | Other non-current assets | $33,412 | $29,667 |
See Note 13, Fair Value Measurements, for further information on the fair value of derivatives.
Variable Interest Entities
As discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, the Company consolidates the LLC as a VIE under ASC 810. The Company’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows effectively represent those of the LLC as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024, with the exception of Cash and cash equivalents of $19.6 million, Other current assets of $2.1 million, Deferred tax assets of $381.8 million, Accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $2.8 million, Other non-current liabilities of $1.9 million, and the entire balance of the Tax Receivable Agreement liabilities of $361.0 million onthe Consolidated Balance Sheets, which are attributable solely to Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc. As of December 31, 2023, Cash and cash equivalents of $58.2 million, the entire balance of the Tax Receivable Agreement liabilities of $358.9 million, and Deferred tax assets of $383.3 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheet were attributable solely to Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc.
Fair Value Measurements
Accounting standards establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair values as follows:
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets in active markets;
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices for identical assets in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data which requires the use of valuation techniques and the development of assumptions.
The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is classified is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measure in its entirety.
The carrying amount of financial assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for commissions and fees receivable—net, other current assets, accounts payable, short-term debt, and other accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 approximate fair value because of the short-term duration of these instruments. The fair value of long-term debt, including the Term Loan, Senior Secured Notes, the units subject to mandatory redemption, and any current portion of such debt, was $1,979.0 million and $1,976.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value of the Term Loan and Senior Secured Notes would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and the units subject to mandatory redemption would be classified as Level 3. See Note 7, Debt for the carrying values of the Company’s debt.
Derivative Instruments
Deal-Contingent Foreign Currency Forward
The Company entered into the Deal-Contingent Forward to manage the risk of appreciation of the GBP-denominated purchase price of the Castel acquisition. The fair value of the Deal-Contingent Forward is determined by comparing the contractual foreign exchange rates to forward market rates for various future dates, probability weighted for when the acquisition is anticipated to close, and discounted to the valuation date. The lowest level of inputs used that are significant in determining the fair value are considered Level 3 inputs. See Note 11, Derivatives, for further information on the Deal-Contingent Forward.
Interest Rate Cap
The Company uses an interest rate cap to manage its exposure to interest rate fluctuations related to the Company’s Term Loan. The fair value of the interest rate cap is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the cap. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. The inputs used in determining the fair value of the interest rate cap are considered Level 2 inputs. See Note 11, Derivatives, for further information on the interest rate cap.
Contingent Consideration
The fair value of contingent consideration obligations is based on the present value of the future expected payments to be made to the sellers of certain acquired businesses in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements, which is a Level 3 fair value measurement. In determining fair value, the Company estimates cash payments based on management’s financial projections of the performance of each acquired business relative to the formula specified by each purchase agreement. The Company utilizes Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate financial projections of each acquired business. The Monte Carlo models consider forecasted revenue and EBITDA and market risk-adjusted revenue and EBITDA, which are run through a series of simulations. As of March 31, 2024, the models used risk-free rates, expected volatility, and a credit spread that ranged from 4.8% to 5.4%,6.7% to 18.1%, and 2.6% to 3.5%, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the models used risk-free rates, expected volatility, and a credit spread that ranged from 4.9% to 5.4%,7.0% to 21.7%, and 3.3% to 4.2%, respectively. The Company discounts the expected payments created by the Monte Carlo model to present value using a risk-adjusted rate that takes into consideration the market-based rates of return that reflect the ability of the acquired entity to achieve its targets. The discount rate ranges used to present value the cash payments were 7.4% to 8.3% and 8.3% to 9.1% as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Each period, the Company revalues the contingent consideration obligations associated with certain prior acquisitions to their fair value and records the changes of the fair value of these estimated obligations in Change in contingent consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Changes in contingent consideration result from changes in the assumptions regarding probabilities of successful achievement of related EBITDA and revenue milestones, the estimated timing in which milestones are achieved, and the discount rate used to estimate the fair value of the liability. Contingent consideration may change significantly as the Company’s revenue growth rate and EBITDA estimates evolve and additional data is obtained, impacting the Company’s assumptions. The use of different assumptions and judgments could result in a different estimate of fair value which may have a material impact on the results from operations and financial position. See Note 3, Mergers and Acquisitions, for further information on contingent consideration.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value hierarchy input level:
| March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |
| Assets | ||||||
| Interest rate cap | $— | $33,412 | $— | $— | $29,667 | $— |
| Liabilities | ||||||
| Contingent consideration | — | — | 42,864 | — | — | 41,050 |
| Deal-Contingent Forward | — | — | 3,334 | — | — | 852 |
| Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value | $— | $33,412 | $46,198 | $— | $29,667 | $41,902 |
Contingent consideration of $39.8 million was recorded in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024. Contingent consideration of $3.1 million and $41.1 million was recorded in Other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Balance at beginning of period | $41,902 | $29,251 |
| Total losses included in earnings | 3,353 | 1,585 |
| Settlements | — | (7,912) |
| Acquisition measurement period adjustments | 943 | — |
| Balance at end of period | $46,198 | $22,924 |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, $3.4 million and $4.5 million settlements of contingent consideration are presented in the operating and financing sections, respectively, of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Commitments and Contingencies
Legal – E&O and Other Considerations
As an E&S and Admitted markets intermediary, the Company faces ordinary course of business E&O exposure. The Company also has potential E&O risk if an insurance carrier with which Ryan Specialty placed coverage denies coverage for a claim or pays less than the insured believes is the full amount owed. The Company seeks to resolve, through commercial accommodations, certain matters to limit the economic exposure, including potential legal fees, and reputational risk created by a disagreement between a carrier and the insured, as well as other E&O matters.
The Company utilizes insurance to provide protection from E&O liabilities that may arise during the ordinary course of business. Ryan Specialty’s E&O insurance provides aggregate coverage for E&O losses up to $100.0 million in excess of a per claim retention amount of $5.0 million. The Company’s per claim retention amount increased from $2.5 million to $5.0 million as of June 1, 2023. The Company periodically determines a range of possible outcomes using the best available information that relies, in part, on projecting historical claim data into the future. Loss contingencies of $7.7 million and $6.4 million were recorded for outstanding matters as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Loss contingencies exclude the impact of any loss recoveries. The Company recognized the net impact of the loss contingencies and any loss recoveries of $1.1 million and $0.6 million in E&O expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in General and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The historical claim and commercial accommodation data used to project the current estimates may not be indicative of future claim activity. Thus, the estimates could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could materially impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.
During 2022, the Company placed certain insurance policies through a trading partner with the understanding that the policies were underwritten by highly rated insurance capital. The policies were instead underwritten by an insurance carrier that was not considered satisfactory by the Company or the insureds. The Company committed to securing replacement coverage, to the extent commercially available, from highly rated insurance companies on terms substantially similar to the insurance coverage originally agreed upon. As a result of this unusual circumstance, the Company has and may continue to incur losses (“Replacement Costs”) arising from the original placements. The Company has determined that it is probable that it will be exposed to the Replacement Costs on policies placed with this trading partner. The Company recognized an estimated loss contingency of $0.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, within Accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Relatedly, the Company has obtained sufficient evidence from its E&O insurance carriers to conclude that a recovery of the claim for the Replacement Costs, in excess of the $2.5 million retention, is probable. A loss recovery of $19.6 million and $20.6 million was recorded as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, in Other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In the aggregate, the loss contingency and related loss recovery resulted in a $2.5 million expense recognized in 2022 andno further expense related to this matter has been recognized since.
It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of Replacement Costs will change in the near term as policies are adjusted. Further, exposure to additional losses may arise from policies that had expired prior to, or shortly after, the discovery of this unusual circumstance, adjustable premiums arising from the addition or deletion of properties over the policy term, unpaid covered claims, or other damages for losses incurred by our customers. An estimate of these potential losses cannot be made at this time but could change in the future as more information becomes known.
Related Parties
Ryan Investment Holdings
Ryan Investment Holdings, LLC (“RIH”) was formed as an investment holding company designed to aggregate the funds of Ryan Specialty and Geneva Ryan Holdings, LLC (“GRH”) for investment in Geneva Re Partners, LLC (“GRP”). GRH was formed as an investment holding company designed to aggregate investment funds of Patrick G. Ryan and other affiliated investors. Two affiliated investors are LLC Unitholders and directors of the Company, and another is an LLC Unitholder and employee of the Company. Ryan Specialty does not consolidate GRH as the Company does not have a direct investment in or variable interest in this entity.
The Company holds a 47% interest in RIH and GRH holds the remaining 53% interest. RIH has a 50% non-controlling interest in GRP and the other 50% is owned by Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company. GRP wholly owns Geneva Re, Ltd (“Geneva Re”), a Bermuda-regulated reinsurance company, and GR Bermuda SAC Ltd (the “Segregated Account Company”). The Segregated Account Company has one segregated account, which is beneficially owned by a third-party insurance company (the “Third-party Insurer”). RIH is considered a related party variable interest entity under common control with the Company. The Company is not most closely associated with the variable interest entity and therefore does not consolidate RIH. The assets of RIH are restricted to settling obligations of RIH, pursuant to Delaware limited liability company statutes.
The Company is not required to contribute any additional capital to RIH, and its maximum exposure to loss on the equity method investment is the total invested capital of $47.0 million. The Company may be exposed to losses arising from the equity method investment as a result of underwriting losses recognized at Geneva Re or losses on Geneva Re’s investment portfolio. RIH has committed to contribute additional capital to GRP over the next several years. Patrick G. Ryan, through a trust of which he is the beneficiary and co-trustee, has committed to personally fund any such additional capital contributions. Any such additional capital contributions under this commitment will not affect the relative ownership of RIH’s common equity.
Geneva Re
The Company has a service agreement with Geneva Re to provide both administrative services to, as well as disburse payments for costs directly incurred by, Geneva Re. These direct costs include compensation expenses incurred by employees of Geneva Re. The Company had $0.1 millionand $0.2 million due from Geneva Re under this agreement as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Ryan Re Services Agreements with Geneva Re
Ryan Re, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is party to a services agreement with Geneva Re to provide, among other services, certain underwriting and administrative services to Geneva Re. Ryan Re receives a service fee equal to 115% of the administrative costs incurred by Ryan Re in providing these services to Geneva Re. Revenue earned from Geneva Re was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Receivables due from Geneva Re under this agreement were $0.4 million and $0.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
On April 2, 2023, Ryan Re entered into a services agreement with Geneva Re in accordance with which Ryan Re subcontracted certain services to Geneva Re that Ryan Re is required to provideto the segregated account of the Segregated Account Company on behalf of the Third-party Insurer. The Company incurred expense of $2.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had prepaid expenses of $3.0 million and $5.3 million, respectively, related to this services agreement. The prepaid expenses are included in Other currents assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Company Leasing of Corporate Jets
In the ordinary course of its business, the Company charters executive jets for business purposes from Executive Jet Management (“EJM”), a third-party service provider. Mr. Ryan indirectly owns aircraft that he leases to EJM for EJM’s charter operations for which he receives remuneration from EJM. The Company pays market rates for chartering aircraft through EJM, unless the particular aircraft chartered is Mr. Ryan’s, in which case the Company receives a discount below market rates. Historically, the Company has been able to charter Mr. Ryan’s aircraft and make use of this discount. The Company recognized expense related to business usage of aircraft of $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company is taxed as a corporation for income tax purposes and is subject to federal, state, and local taxes with respect to its allocable share of any net taxable income from the LLC. The LLC is a limited liability company taxed as a partnership for income tax purposes, and its taxable income or loss is passed through to its members, including the Company. The LLC is subject to income taxes on its taxable income in certain foreign countries, in certain state and local jurisdictions that impose income taxes on partnerships, and on the taxable income of its U.S. corporate subsidiaries.
Effective Tax Rate
The Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations was 13.70% and 14.70% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were different than the 21% statutory rate primarily as a result of the income attributable to the non-controlling interests.
The Company does not believe it has any significant uncertain tax positions and therefore hasno unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2024, that, if recognized, would affect the annual effective tax rate. The Company does not anticipate material changes in unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve-month period.
Deferred Taxes
The Company reported Deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities where appropriate, of $382.6 million and $383.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2024, the Company concluded that, based on the weight of all available positive and negative evidence, the Deferred tax assets with respect to the Company’s basis difference in its investment in the LLC are more likely than not to be realized. As such, no valuation allowance has been recognized against that basis difference.
Tax Receivable Agreement (TRA)
The Company is party to a TRA with current and certain former LLC Unitholders. The TRA provides for the payment by the Company to the current and certain former LLC Unitholders of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes that the Company realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) as a result of (i) certain increases in the tax basis of the assets of the LLC resulting from purchases or exchanges of LLC Common Units (“Exchange Tax Attributes”), (ii) certain tax attributes of the LLC that existed prior to the IPO (“Pre-IPO M&A Tax Attributes”), (iii) certain favorable “remedial” partnership tax allocations to which the Company becomes entitled (if any), and (iv) certain other tax benefits related to the Company entering into the TRA, including certain tax benefits attributable to payments that the Company makes under the TRA (“TRA Payment Tax Attributes”). The Company recognizes a liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the undiscounted estimated future payments under the TRA. The amounts payable under the TRA will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the amount, character, and timing of the taxable income of the Company in the future.
Based on current projections, the Company anticipates having sufficient taxable income to be able to realize the benefits and has recorded Tax Receivable Agreement liabilities of $361.0 million related to these benefits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024. The following summarizes activity related to the Tax Receivable Agreement liabilities:
| Exchange Tax Attributes | Pre-IPO M&A Tax Attributes | TRA Payment Tax Attributes | TRA Liabilities | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $194,668 | $85,814 | $78,416 | $358,898 |
| Exchange of LLC Common Units | 1,502 | 147 | 470 | 2,119 |
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | $196,170 | $85,961 | $78,886 | $361,017 |
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the TRA liabilities increased $2.1 million and $8.3 million, respectively, due to exchanges of LLC Common Units for Class A common stock, which was recognized in Additional paid-in capital on the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes the tax effects on the components of Other comprehensive income (loss):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| (Gain) loss on interest rate cap | $(1,488) | $279 |
| Gain on interest rate cap reclassified to earnings | 809 | 493 |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 145 | (98) |
| Change in share of equity method investment in related party | (533) | (73) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Changes in the balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, were as follows:
| Gain on Interest Rate Cap | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | Change in EMI Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 1 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $4,697 | $982 | $(2,603) | $3,076 |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 10,540 | (1,024) | 3,780 | 13,296 |
| Amounts reclassified to earnings | (5,735) | — | — | (5,735) |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | $4,805 | $(1,024) | $3,780 | $7,561 |
| Less: Non-controlling interests | 2,887 | (616) | 2,270 | 4,541 |
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | $6,615 | $574 | $(1,093) | $6,096 |
| Gain on Interest Rate Cap | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | Change in EMI Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 1 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $8,065 | $157 | $(2,187) | $6,035 |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (2,218) | 783 | 584 | (851) |
| Amounts reclassified to earnings | (3,922) | — | — | (3,922) |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | $(6,140) | $783 | $584 | $(4,773) |
| Less: Non-controlling interests | (3,889) | 498 | 370 | (3,021) |
| Balance at March 31, 2023 | $5,814 | $442 | $(1,973) | $4,283 |
1 Change in share of equity method investment in related party other comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Supplemental Financial Information
Interest Income
The Company earned interest income of $8.0 million and $7.3 million on its operating Cash and cash equivalents during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Interest income is recognized in Interest expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The following represents the supplemental cash flow information of the Company:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |
| Cash paid for: | ||
| Interest | $31,814 | $40,136 |
| Income taxes, net of refunds | 4,348 | 1,244 |
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||
| Non-controlling interest holders’ tax distributions declared but unpaid | $22,177 | $12,272 |
| Tax Receivable Agreement liabilities | 2,119 | 8,282 |
| Dividend Equivalents and Declared Distributions liabilities | 2,547 | — |
Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through May 3, 2024 and has concluded that no events have occurred that require disclosure other than the events listed below.
On May 1, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Castel Underwriting Agencies Limited, a managing general underwriting platform headquartered in London, England, for approximately $250.0 millionof cash consideration. Total consideration for this acquisition will also include $2.2 million of RYAN Class A common stock. The Company has not yet completed the valuation of, or the purchase price allocation to, the acquired assets and liabilities as of the date of this filing. In conjunction with completing the Castel acquisition, the Company executed the Deal-Contingent Forward. The total loss recognized on the Deal-Contingent Forward was $5.4 million, or an increase of $2.0 million over what was recognized through March 31, 2024.
On May 2, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.11 per share of outstanding Class A common stock. The quarterly dividend will be payable on May 28, 2024 to shareholders of record of Class A common stock as of the close of business on May 14, 2024. Any future dividends will be subject to the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors.
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