Allison Transmission Holdings Inc

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE A. OVERVIEW

Overview

Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Allison” or the “Company”) design and manufacture vehicle propulsion solutions, including commercial-duty on-highway, off-highway and defense fully automatic transmissions and electric hybrid and fully electric systems. The business was founded in 1915 and has been headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana since inception. Allison is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ALSN”.

The Company has a global presence by serving customers in North America, Asia, Europe, South America, and Africa, with approximately 75% of its revenues being generated in North America in 2023. The Company serves customers through an independent network of approximately 1,600 independent distributor and dealer locations worldwide.

NOTE B. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The information herein reflects all normal recurring material adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair statement of the results for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements herein consist of all wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries with all significant intercompany transactions eliminated.

These condensed consolidated financial statements present the financial position, results of comprehensive income, cash flows and statements of stockholders’ equity of the Company. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2024. The interim period financial results for the three-month periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Estimates include, but are not limited to, sales incentives, government price adjustments, fair market values and future cash flows associated with goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles, definite-lived intangibles, long-lived asset impairment tests, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, warranty liabilities, core deposit liabilities, determination of discount rate and other assumptions for pension and other post-retirement benefit ("OPEB") expense, income taxes and deferred tax valuation allowances, derivative valuation, assumptions for business combinations and contingencies. The Company’s accounting policies involve the application of judgments and assumptions made by management that include inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and from the assumptions used in the preparation of the Company's financial statements. Changes in estimates are recorded in results of operations in the period that the events or circumstances giving rise to such changes occur.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued authoritative accounting guidance expanding public entities’ reportable segment disclosures, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The guidance will become effective for the Company starting with its fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 and the subsequent interim periods. The guidance will be applied retrospectively, and the Company does not plan to early adopt. Management is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance to improve income tax disclosures by requiring disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. The guidance will become effective for the Company beginning with its fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The guidance will be applied prospectively with the option to apply it retrospectively. Management is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

All other recently issued accounting pronouncements were assessed as either not applicable to the Company or were not expected to have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE C. REVENUE

Revenue is recognized as each distinct performance obligation within a contract is satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The Company enters into long-term agreements (“LTAs”) and distributor agreements with certain customers. The LTAs and distributor agreements do not include committed volumes until underlying purchase orders are issued; therefore, the Company determined that purchase orders are the contract with a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied, as there is no right of return.

Some of the Company's contracts include multiple performance obligations, most commonly the sale of both a transmission and extended transmission coverage ("ETC"). The Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.

The Company may also use volume-based discounts and rebates as marketing incentives in the sales of both vehicle propulsion solutions and service parts, which are accounted for as variable consideration. The Company records the impact of the incentives as a reduction to revenue when it is determined that the adjustment is not likely to reverse. The Company estimates the impact of all other incentives based on the related sales and market conditions in the end market vocation. The Company recordedno material adjustments based on variable consideration during either of the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Net sales are made on credit terms, generally 30 days, based on an assessment of the customer’s creditworthiness. For certain goods or services, the Company receives consideration prior to satisfying the related performance obligation. Such consideration is recorded as a contract liability in current and non-current deferred revenue as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. See "Note J. Deferred Revenue” for more information, including the amount of revenue earned during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 that had been previously deferred. The Company hadno material contract assets as of either March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

The Company hasone operating segment and reportable segment. The Company is inone line of business, which is the manufacture and distribution of vehicle propulsion solutions. The following presents disaggregated revenue by categories that best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors (dollars in millions):

NOTE D. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following components (dollars in millions):

Inventory components shipped to third parties, primarily cores, parts to re-manufacturers, and parts to contract manufacturers, which the Company has an obligation to buy back, are included in purchased parts and raw materials, with an offsetting liability in Other current liabilities. See "Note L. Other Current Liabilities” for more information.

NOTE E. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of the Company’s Goodwill was $2,075 million and $2,076 million, respectively.

The following presents a summary of other intangible assets (dollars in millions):

Amortization expense related to other intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is expected to be (dollars in millions):

NOTE F. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is the price (exit price) that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly tran saction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. The accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy defined by the relevant guidance are as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.

Level 2 — Inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes financial instruments that are valued using quoted prices in markets that are not active and those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies in which all significant value-drivers are observable in active markets or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Certain inputs are unobservable or have little or no market data available. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. At each balance sheet date, the Company performs an analysis of all instruments subject to authoritative accounting guidance and includes, in Level 3, all of those whose fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company didnot have any Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.

The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value include cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative instruments, assets held in a rabbi trust and a deferred compensation obligation. The Company’s cash equivalents consist of short-term U.S. government backed securities and time deposits. The Company's marketable securities consist of publicly traded stock of Jing-Jin Electric Technologies Co. Ltd., which has a readily determinable fair value. The Company’s derivative instruments consist of interest rate swaps. The Company’s assets held in the rabbi trust consist principally of publicly available mutual funds and target date retirement funds. The Company’s deferred compensation obligation is directly related to the fair value of assets held in the rabbi trust.

The Company’s valuation techniques used to calculate the fair value of cash equivalents, marketable securities, assets held in the rabbi trust and the deferred compensation obligation represent a market approach in active markets for identical assets that qualify as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s valuation techniques used to calculate the fair value of derivative instruments represent a market approach with observable inputs that qualify as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses valuations from the issuing financial institutions for the fair value measurement of interest rate swaps. The floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), which is observable at commonly quoted intervals. The fair values are included in other current and non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See "Note H. Derivatives” for more information regarding the Company's interest rate swaps.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and (liabilities) as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollars in millions):

The Company holds equity securities in an unconsolidated entity without a readily determinable fair value. This investment represents a less than a 20% ownership interest in the privately-held affiliate, and the Company does not maintain significant influence over or control of the entity. The Company has elected the measurement alternative and measures the investment at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments related to observable transactions for the same or similar securities. This equity investment is recorded in Other non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in the value recorded in Other (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held equity securities without a readily determinable fair value of $5 million.

NOTE G. DEBT

Long-term debt and maturities are as follows (dollars in millions):

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had$2,418 million of indebtedness associated with Allison Transmission, Inc.’s (“ATI”), the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary,4.75% Senior Notes due October 2027 (“4.75% Senior Notes”), ATI’s 5.875% Senior Notes due June 2029 (“5.875% Senior Notes”), ATI’s 3.75% Senior Notes due January 2031 (“3.75% Senior Notes” and, together with the 4.75% Senior Notes and 5.875% Senior Notes, the “Senior Notes”) and the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 29, 2019, as amended (the “Credit Agreement”), governing ATI’s term loan facility in the amount of $518 million due March 2031 (“Term Loan”) and ATI’s revolving credit facility with commitments in the amount of $750 million due March 2029 (“Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan, the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”).

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt obligations as of March 31, 2024 was $2,271 million. The fair value is based on quoted Level 2 market prices of the Company’s debt as of March 31, 2024. The difference between the fair value and carrying value of the long-term debt is driven primarily by trends in the financial markets.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

In March 2024, the Company and ATI entered into Amendment No. 4 ("Amendment") to the Credit Agreement, after giving effect to a $101 million principal prepayment, to remove the 0.10% credit spread adjustment to the SOFR benchmark for all available interest periods and increase the commitments under the existing Revolving Credit Facility by $100 million. The Amendment also extended the maturity of the existing Term Loan from 2026 to 2031 and extended the existing Revolving Credit Facility termination date from 2025 to 2029. With the exception of the items noted above, the terms of the extended Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility are materially the same as they were prior to the Amendment. The Amendment was treated as a modification to the Senior Secured Credit Facility under GAAP. The Company recorded $4 million as new deferred financing fees in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2024 and expensed $1 million of prior deferred financing fees in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the first quarter of 2024.

The borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are collateralized by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company, ATI and certain existing and future U.S. subsidiary guarantors, as provided in the Credit Agreement. Interest on the Term Loan, as of March 31, 2024, is either (a)1.75% over a SOFR rate on deposits in U.S. dollars for one-, three- or six-month periods (or a twelve-month period if, at the time of the borrowing, consented to by all relevant lenders and the administrative agent) ("Term SOFR"), or (b)0.75% over the greater of the prime lending rate as quoted by the administrative agent, the Term SOFR Rate for an interest period of one month plus 1.00% and the federal funds effective rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 0.50%, subject to a 1.00% floor (the "Base Rate"). As of March 31, 2024, the Company elected to pay the lowest all-in rate of Term SOFR plus the applicable margin, or 7.07%, on the Term Loan. The Credit Agreement requires minimum quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan, as well as prepayments from certain net cash proceeds of non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation events, the incurrence of certain debt and from a percentage of excess cash flow, if applicable. The minimum required quarterly principal payment on the Term Loan through its maturity date of March 2031 is $1 million. As of March 31, 2024, there had been no payments required for certain net cash proceeds of non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation events. The remaining principal balance is due upon maturity.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility also provides a Revolving Credit Facility, net of an allowance for up to $75 million in outstanding letters of credit commitments. During thethree months ended March 31, 2024, the Company madeno withdrawals on the Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $745 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility, net of $5 million in letters of credit. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable base rate plus an applicable margin based on the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio. When the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio is above 4.00 x, interest on the Revolving Credit Facility is (a)0.75% over the Base Rate or (b)1.75% over the Term SOFR Rate; when the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio is equal to or less than 4.00 x and above 3.50 x, interest on the Revolving Credit Facility is (i)0.50% over the Base Rate or (ii)1.50% over the Term SOFR Rate; and when the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio is equal to or below 3.50 x, interest on the Revolving Credit Facility is (y)0.25% over the Base Rate or (z)1.25% over the Term SOFR Rate. As of March 31, 2024, the applicable margin for the Revolving Credit Facility was 1.25%. In addition, there is an annual commitment fee, based on the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio, on the average unused revolving credit borrowings available under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2024, the commitment fee was 0.25%. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are payable at the option of the Company throughout the term of the Revolving Credit Facility with the balance due in March 2029.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility requires the Company to maintain a specified maximum first lien net leverage ratio of 5.50 xwhen revolving loan commitments remain outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility at the endof a fiscal quarter. As of March 31, 2024, the Company hadno amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility; however, the Company would have been in compliance with the maximum first lien net leverage ratio, achieving a(0.03 x) ratio. Additionally, within the terms of the Senior Secured Credit Facility, a first lien net leverage ratio at or below 4.00 x results in the elimination of excess cash flow payments on the Senior Secured Credit Facility for the applicable year.

In addition, the Credit Agreement, among other things, includes customary restrictions (subject to certain exceptions) on the Company’s ability to incur certain indebtedness, grant certain liens, make certain investments, engage in acquisitions, consolidations and mergers, declare or pay certain dividends or repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. As of March 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Senior Notes

Each series of the Senior Notes is unsecured and is guaranteed by each of ATI’s domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower under or guarantees the Senior Secured Credit Facility and is unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by any of ATI’s future domestic subsidiaries that are borrowers under or guarantee the Senior Secured Credit Facility. None of ATI’s domestic subsidiaries currently guarantee its obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, and therefore none of ATI’s domestic subsidiaries currently guarantee any series of the Senior Notes. The indentures governing the Senior Notes contain negative covenants restricting or limiting the Company’s ability to, among other things: incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase the Company’s capital stock, make certain investments, permit payment or dividend restrictions on certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, sell assets, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, and consolidate or merge or sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. As of March 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the indentures governing the Senior Notes.

ATI may from time to time seek to retire its Senior Notes through cash purchases, exchanges for equity securities, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, contractual redemptions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors and will be in accordance with the respective indenture governing such notes. The amounts involved may be material. Some or all of the 4.75% Senior Notes may be redeemed at any time at redemption prices specified in the indenture governing such notes. Some or all of the 5.875% Senior Notes may be redeemed prior to June 1, 2024 by paying a price equal to 100.00% of the principal amount being redeemed, plus an “applicable premium”. At any time on or after June 1, 2024, ATI may redeem some or all of the 5.875% Senior Notes at redemption prices specified in the indenture governing such notes. Prior to January 30, 2026, ATI may redeem some or all of the 3.75% Senior Notes by paying a price equal to 100.00% of the principal amount being redeemed, plus an “applicable premium”. At any time on or after January 30, 2026, ATI may redeem some or all of the 3.75% Senior Notes at redemption prices specified in the indenture governing such notes.

NOTE H. DERIVATIVES

The Company is subject to interest rate risk related to the Senior Secured Credit Facility and entered into interest rate swaps to manage a portion of this exposure. The interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges that qualify for hedge accounting under the hypothetical derivative method. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company and ATI entered into the Amendment to the Credit Agreement that changed critical terms of the hedged item. Therefore, the Company performed a quantitative assessment that demonstrated a highly effective hedging relationship that qualifies for hedge accounting under the hypothetical derivative method.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company held interest rate swap contracts that, in the aggregate, effectively hedge $500 million of the variable rate debt associated with the Term Loan at the Term SOFR weighted average fixed rate of 2.81% through September 2025.

Fair value adjustments are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (“AOCL”) in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Balances in AOCL are reclassified to earnings when transactions related to the underlying risk are settled. See "Note F. Fair Value of Financial Instruments” for information regarding the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps.

The following tabular disclosures further describe the Company’s interest rate derivatives qualifying and designated for hedge accounting and their impact on the financial condition of the Company (dollars in millions):

The balance of net derivative gains recorded in AOCL as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $14 million and$12 million, respectively. See "Note O. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss” for information regarding activity recorded as a component of AOCL during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had$9 million of derivative gains recorded in AOCL expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months.

NOTE I. PRODUCT WARRANTY LIABILITIES

As of March 31, 2024, current and non-current product warranty liabilities were $30 million and $28 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, current and non-current product warranty liabilities were $27 million and $32 million, respectively.

Product warranty liability activities consisted of the following (dollars in millions):

NOTE J. DEFERRED REVENUE

As of March 31, 2024, current and non-current deferred revenue were $42 million and $92 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, current and non-current deferred revenue were $45 million and $94 million, respectively.

Deferred revenue activity consisted of the following (dollars in millions):

Deferred revenue recorded in current and non-current liabilities related to ETC as of March 31, 2024 was $29 million and $89 million, respectively. Deferred revenue recorded in current and non-current liabilities related to ETC as of March 31, 2023 was $30 million and $84 million, respectively.

NOTE K. LEASES

Contracts are assessed by the Company to determine if the contract conveys the right to control an identified asset in exchange for consideration during a period of time. The Company classifies all identified leases as either operating or finance leases. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company was not a party to any finance leases. Contracts that contain leases are assessed to determine if the consideration in the contract is related to a lease component, non-lease component or other components not related to the lease. Lease components are recorded as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities while any non-lease component is expensed as incurred. The consideration in the contract related to other components not related to the lease is allocated among the lease component and the non-lease component, as applicable, based on the stand-alone selling price of the lease and non-lease components.

Certain lease contracts may contain an option to extend or terminate the lease. The Company considers the economic impact of extension and termination options by contract. If the Company concludes it is reasonably certain an option will be exercised, that option is included in the lease term and impacts the amount recorded as an ROU asset and lease liability at inception of the contract.

The Company's lease liability is determined by discounting the future cash flows over the lease period. The Company determines its discount rates utilizing current secured financing rates based on the length of the lease period plus the Company's margin over Term SOFR on the Term Loan. The Company believes this rate effectively represents a borrowing rate the Company could obtain on a debt instrument possessing similar terms as the lease. Lease liabilities are classified between current and non-current liabilities based on the terms of the underlying leases. The weighted average discount rate on operating leases as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 4.76% and 4.75%, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company recorded currentandnon-current operating lease liabilities of $5 million and $15 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded currentandnon-current operating lease liabilities of $4 million and $14 million, respectively. The following table reconciles future undiscounted cash flows for operating leasesto total operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

ROU assets are calculated as the related lease liability adjusted for lease incentives, prepayments and the effect of escalating lease payments on period expense. The below table depicts the ROU assets held by the Company based on the underlying asset (dollars in millions):

The weighted average remaining lease term as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was 5.8 years and 6.1 years, respectively.

Operating lease expense was $2 million and $1 million for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Operating lease expense was recorded within Selling, general and administrative expense and Engineering — research and development on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. There wasno material short-term operating lease expense for either of thethree months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $3 million and $1 million, respectively, of new ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations.

NOTE L. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities consist of the following (dollars in millions):

NOTE M. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) consist of the following (dollars in millions):

The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) other than the service cost component are included in Other (expense) income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

NOTE N. INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded total income tax expense of $35 million and $42 million, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was 17% and 20%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was principally driven by increased estimated U.S. federal income tax deductions.

The need to establish a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets is assessed periodically based on a more-likely-than-not realization threshold, in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance. Appropriate consideration is given to all positive and negative evidence related to that realization. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and tax planning alternatives. The weight given to these considerations depends upon the degree to which they can be objectively verified.

The Company continues to provide for a valuation allowance on certain of its foreign deferred tax assets. The Company has determined, based on the evaluation of both objective and subjective evidence available, that this valuation allowance is necessary and that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets are not fully realizable.

NOTE O. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following tables reconcile changes in AOCL by component (net of tax, dollars in millions):

Prior service credits and actuarial gains are included in the computation of the Company’s net periodic benefit cost (credit). See "Note M. Employee Benefit Plans” for additional details.

NOTE P. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings and subject to various claims arising in the ordinary course of business. These proceedings primarily involve commercial claims, product liability claims, personal injury claims and workers’ compensation claims. The Company believes that the ultimate liability, if any, in excess of amounts already provided for in the condensed consolidated financial statements or covered by insurance on the disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

NOTE Q. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used to calculate basic EPS and diluted EPS (in millions, except per share data):

The dilutive impact of stock-based compensation is calculated using the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that the Company uses the proceeds from the exercise of awards to repurchase common stock at the average market price during the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, there wereno outstanding stock options excluded from the diluted EPS calculation because they were anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were 1 million outstanding stock options excluded from the diluted EPS calculation because they were anti-dilutive. Basicand diluted EPS for the full-year are calculated using the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the year while quarterly basic and diluted EPS are calculated using the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the quarter; therefore, the sum of each quarter's EPS may not equal full-year EPS.

NOTE R. COMMON STOCK

The Company's Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to $4,000 million of its common stock pursuant to a stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program"). During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased $52 million of its common stock under the Repurchase Program, leaving $721 million of authorized repurchases remaining under the Repurchase Program as of March 31, 2024. The Repurchase Program has no termination date, and the timing and amount of stock purchases are subject to market conditions and corporate needs. The Repurchase Program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion.