ATOSSA THERAPEUTICS INC

2023 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

All statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this Annual Report) that are not statements of historical fact, including statements regarding guidance, industry prospects or future results of operations or financial position, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). We have made these statements in reliance on the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results, outcomes and the timing of results or outcomes to differ materially from those projected or anticipated. Although we believe that our assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date of this Annual Report we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements set out in this Annual Report will prove to be accurate. We may identify these forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words, including, but not limited to, such as “expect,” “potential,” “continue,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “seek,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “future,” “believe,” “design,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative versions of these words or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report include, but are not limited to, statements about:

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general macroeconomic conditions, including the impact of inflation, high interest rates, general economic slowdown or a recession, the prospect of a shutdown of the U.S. federal government, foreign exchange rate volatility, financial institution instability, changes in monetary policy and increasing geopolitical instability, including the conflict in Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East and rising tensions between China and Taiwan, on our business, our ability to access capital markets, our operating costs and our supply chain;

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the effects of natural disasters, pandemics, severe weather conditions and other events beyond our control;

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whether we can obtain approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and foreign regulatory bodies, to continue our clinical trials, including our planned (Z)-endoxifen trials, and to sell, market and distribute our therapeutics under development;

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our ability to identify and partner with organizations to commercialize any of our products once they are approved for marketing;

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our ability to successfully initiate and complete clinical trials of our products under development, including our proprietary (Z)-endoxifen (an active metabolite of Tamoxifen);

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the success, costs and timing of our development activities, such as clinical trials, including whether our studies using our (Z)-endoxifen therapies will enroll a sufficient number of subjects in a timely fashion or be completed in a timely fashion or at all;

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whether we will successfully complete our clinical trial of oral (Z)-endoxifen in women with mammographic breast density and our trials of (Z)-endoxifen in women with breast cancer, and whether the studies will meet their objectives;

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our ability to contract with third-party suppliers, manufacturers and service providers, including clinical research organizations, and their ability to perform adequately;

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our ability to successfully develop and commercialize new therapeutics currently in development, or new therapeutics that we might identify in the future, and within the time frames we currently expect;

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our ability to successfully defend litigation and other similar complaints that may be brought in the future, in a timely manner and within the coverage, scope and limits of our insurance policies;

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our ability to establish and maintain intellectual property rights covering our products;

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our increased risk of theft or misappropriation of our intellectual property and other proprietary technology outside of the U.S.;

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our expectations regarding, and our ability to satisfy, federal, state and foreign regulatory requirements, including evolving legal standards and regulations, including those concerning data protection, consumer privacy, sustainability and evolving labor standards;

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our ability to comply with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market (the Nasdaq);

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the accuracy of our estimates of the size and characteristics of the markets that our products and services may address;

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whether final study results will vary from preliminary study results that we may announce;

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our expectations as to future financial performance, expense levels and capital sources;

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our ability to attract and retain key personnel;

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our ability to execute our share repurchase program as planned; and

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our ability to raise capital.

This Annual Report also contains estimates and other statistical data provided by third-parties and by us relating to market size and growth, and other industry data. These and other forward-looking statements, unless otherwise indicated, are presented as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report. We have included important factors, risks and uncertainties in the cautionary statements included in this Annual Report, particularly in the sections titled “ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS,” “ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report that we believe could cause our actual results, events or outcomes, or the timing of these results or outcomes, to differ materially from the anticipated results, events or outcomes, or the anticipated timing of these results or outcomes. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any new information, future events or circumstances that may affect our business after the date of this Annual Report. Except as required by law, we expressly disclaim any intent to update any forward-looking statements after the date on which the statement is made, whether as a result of new information, future events, future circumstances or otherwise.

CORPORATE INFORMATION

Our corporate website is located atwww.atossatherapeutics.com. The information contained on or connected to our website is not deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report or filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) and should not be considered part of this Annual Report. We make available, free of charge through our website or upon written request, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other periodic SEC reports, along with amendments to all of those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file the reports with the SEC.

Unless otherwise noted, the terms “Atossa Therapeutics,” “Atossa,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Atossa Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

We are regulated by the FDA under the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetics Act, as well as by other U.S. and foreign federal, state and local agencies.

This Annual Report includes trademarks, trade names and service marks of third-parties, which are the property of their respective owners. You are advised to read this Annual Report on Form 10-K in conjunction with other reports and documents that we file from time to time with the SEC.