Global Indemnity Group LLC

Some of the information contained in this Item 1 or set forth elsewhere in this report, including information with respect to Global Indemnity Group, LLC and its subsidiaries’ plans and strategy, constitutes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" at the end of Item 7 of Part II and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained herein.

History

Global Indemnity Group, LLC (“Global Indemnity” or “GBLI”), a Delaware limited liability company formed on June 23, 2020, replaced Global Indemnity Limited, incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability, as the ultimate parent company of the Global Indemnity group of companies as a result of a redomestication transaction completed on August 28, 2020. This transaction resulted in the redomestication of the Company to the United States. Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s class A common shares are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s predecessors have been publicly traded since 2003.

Effective August 28, 2020, Global Indemnity Group, LLC became a publicly traded partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Since August 28, 2020, Global Indemnity Group, LLC believes that it has met in previous taxable years, and intends to manage its affairs so that it will continue to meet in the current and subsequent taxable years, the qualifying income exception to maintain partnership status for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, Global Indemnity Group, LLC is generally not subject to federal income tax and most state income taxes. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a holder of Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s class A common shares is treated as a partner in a partnership. Shareholders are required to take into account their allocable share of Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s items of income, gains, losses, deductions, and other items of the partnership for Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s taxable year ending within or with the shareholders’ taxable year, regardless of whether any cash or other distributions are made to shareholders. Global Indemnity Group, LLC will furnish to each shareholder, as soon as reasonably practical after the close of each calendar year, specific tax information, including a Schedule K-1, which describes the shareholders’ share of Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s income, gains, losses, and deductions for Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s preceding taxable year. Income earned by the subsidiaries of Global Indemnity Group, LLC is subject to corporate tax in the United States and, therefore, is not taxable to Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s shareholders until the income is distributed by the subsidiaries to Global Indemnity Group, LLC.

The Company operates its business through two segments, Penn-America and Non-Core Operations. The Penn-America segment is mainly comprised of what was the Commercial Specialty segment. Penn-America includes all core products which include Wholesale Commercial, Programs, Assumed Reinsurance, and the InsurTech products. InsurTech products are Collectibles, VacantExpress. and smaller products which are distributed via the internet. Penn-America’s gross premiums written in 2023 was $369.7 million. The other segment is Non-Core Operations. It includes business that has been de-emphasized or is no longer written.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company restructured its insurance operations to strengthen its market presence and enhance GBLI's focus on core products and made the decision to manage the business through two segments, Penn-America and Non-Core Operations. Management believes these segments allow users of the Company’s financial statements to better understand the Company's performance, better assess prospects for future net cash flows, and make more informed judgments about the Company as a whole. Segment results for prior years have been revised to reflect these changes.

General

GBLI provides its insurance products across a distribution network that includes wholesale general agents, retail agents, and direct-to-consumer. The Company manages the distribution of its core product offerings through Penn-America (formerly known as Commercial Specialty). Penn-America offers specialty property and casualty products designed for GBLI's Wholesale Commercial, Programs, InsurTech, and Assumed Reinsurance product offerings. Penn-America’s products are offered primarily in the excess and surplus lines marketplace. The Company also has a Non-Core Operations segment that contains lines of business that have been de-emphasized or are no longer being written.

The Company's management team is experienced in the insurance industry and the excess and surplus lines marketplace and has long-standing relationships in the industry. The Company’s organizational structure allows it to be highly responsive and flexible in interactions with its agents.

Collectively, the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are licensed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

The Penn-America segment comprises the Company’s Insurance Operations (“Insurance Operations”).

Business Segments

See Note 22 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for gross and net written premiums, income, and total assets of each operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. For a discussion of the variances between years, see “Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Part II of this report.

PENN-AMERICA

The Penn-America segment distributes specialty property and casualty insurance products in the excess and surplus lines marketplace. Penn-America targets Main Street Specialty Excess & Surplus Lines focusing on small businesses such as Artisan Contractors, Habitational (Landlord), General Services, Vacant Properties, Mercantile & Restaurants, Bars & Taverns, Commercial Buildings, and Collectibles. Penn-America is one of the larger providers of insurance to Main Street businesses and built this position by focusing on this market for over 40 years. Penn-America underwrites commercial coverages for 900 classes of casualty business and 200 classes of property business. Companies within the Insurance Operations are eligible to write on a surplus lines (non-admitted) basis and others are licensed to write on an admitted basis in all 50 U.S. States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. This provides the Company with flexibility in designing products and in determining rates to meet emerging risks and discontinuities in the marketplace.

Penn-America’s insurance products target specific, defined groups of insureds with customized coverage to meet their needs. The primary business divisions within the Penn-America segment include:

•

Wholesale Commercial distributes property and general liability products for small commercial businesses through a select network of wholesale general agents with specific binding authority using company administered systems to rate, quote and issue policies.

•

Programs distributes property and general liability niche products through program administrators with specific binding authority. Program administrators generally use their own proprietary systems, for which the Company’s rates and underwriting criteria are integrated.

•

InsurTech offers property and general liability products distributed using company administered systems, and include Collectibles, digital direct-to-consumer insurance coverage for owners of collections, and VacantExpress, insurance coverage for owners of properties under construction, under renovation, vacant, or rented, distributed through wholesale general agents and retail agents.

•

Assumed Reinsurance is composed of individual treaties with small-to-medium sized financially sound insurers in niche product lines that are contracted through reinsurance brokers/intermediaries. These treaties are focused on the US property and casualty market and will typically involve risk sharing by either the carrier or the producer of the business. Assumed reinsurance treaties are acquired through brokers.

The following table sets forth the gross written premiums for each of the primary business divisions within Penn-America:

Excess and Surplus Lines Marketplace

Penn-America operates in the excess and surplus lines marketplace. The excess and surplus lines market provides coverage for businesses that often do not fit the underwriting criteria of an insurance company operating in the standard markets due to their relatively unpredictable loss patterns and unique niches of exposure requiring rate and policy form flexibility. Without the excess and surplus lines market, certain businesses would have to self-insure their exposures, or seek coverage outside the U.S. market.

Competition in the excess and surplus lines market tends to focus less on price and more on availability, service, and other considerations. While excess and surplus lines market exposures may have higher perceived insurance risk than their standard market counterparts, excess and surplus lines market underwriters historically have been able to generate underwriting profitability superior to standard market underwriters.

In the standard property and casualty insurance market, insurance rates and forms are highly regulated; products and coverage are largely uniform and have relatively predictable exposures. In the standard market, policies must be written by insurance companies that are admitted to transact business in the state in which the policy is issued. As a result, in the standard property and casualty insurance market, insurance companies tend to compete for customers primarily on the basis of price, coverage, value-added service, and financial strength.

The Company offers several specialized products that are sold in the admitted market. The insurance products required by these insureds are not otherwise available from standard market insurers. These policies are subject to greater state regulation than the surplus lines market, particularly with regards to rate and form filing requirements and the ability to enter and exit lines of business. Insureds purchasing coverage from specialty admitted insurance companies do so because the insurance product is not otherwise available from standard market insurers. VacantExpress represents a large majority of policies that Penn-America writes in this manner.

In 2023, excluding Assumed Reinsurance, Penn-America wrote 89% of their business on a non-admitted basis and 11% on an admitted basis.

Marketing and Distribution

The Company offers its insurance products across a wide distribution network that includes wholesale general agents, retail agents, and direct-to-consumer. The Company’s primary distribution strategy is to maintain longstanding strong relationships with high-quality wholesale general agents and retail agents. Penn-America’s average tenure with its wholesale agents is 15 years. The Company has an extensive process of selecting and appointing agents qualified to distribute excess and surplus lines business based on their expertise, experience and reputation. Prior to appointing a new wholesale agent, the Company conducts financial and product expertise due diligence.

The Company grants wholesale general agents “trial period access” to its proprietary systems and underwriting tools to “test quote” policies. The Company evaluates the ability of the agent to execute procedures properly before giving full authority to produce business. Contracts are executed for each agent reflecting key terms such as direct commissions and profit commissions. Agents are eligible for profit commissions for superior underwriting results.

For Wholesale Commercial and Programs, the appointed agents’ performance is routinely monitored by Penn-America's internal underwriting staff. Production, loss results, findings from policy reviews, etc. are shared as part of Penn-America's agency management practices. Additionally, in-person visitations are conducted as needed by their assigned underwriter and/or manager with several additional visits conducted virtually to foster relationships. Agents are visited at various industry events.

Penn-America products, excluding assumed reinsurance, are distributed through approximately 360 wholesale general agents, 2,400 retail agents, and 20,000 direct-to-consumer policies. One agent provided 10.1% of Penn-America’s gross written premiums. No other agent accounted for more than 10% of gross written premiums within the Penn-America segment for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Penn-America’s assumed reinsurance treaties were acquired through 5 brokers. None of these brokers accounted for 10% or more of Penn-America’s gross written premium or 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Technology Platform

Penn-America provides its agents with rate, quote and policy issuance systems to transact business. These systems allow the Company to maintain and easily change rates, policy terms & conditions, and underwriting guidelines for its products. Penn-America's agents can typically transact a piece of business in 20 minutes or less.

The technology platform captures key underwriting and rating elements. This enables the Company to perform profitability and predictive risk analytics. Proprietary automated reports, which monitor key business performance criteria, were developed by Penn-America’s underwriting team. They measure rate, retention, new business growth, and overall profitability. Analytics are performed over a multitude of dimensions such as geography, agent, class of business, policy limits, and coverages. Proprietary automated reports are also developed to monitor key attributes of risk exposures.

Pricing

Actuaries at Penn-America customize pricing for each product, contributing expertise in factors such as historical loss data, changes in rate levels over time, outputs from property catastrophe modeling, and individual risk and coverage attributes. Additionally, they draw valuable insights from industry data to refine pricing strategy. The company typically references actuarial loss costs provided by the Insurance Services Office as a baseline for pricing across most products. For certain products, proprietary rating methods, including the use of machine learning, advanced statistical analyses, competitor comparison, and refined analytical techniques for risk segmentation and pricing, may be employed when deemed suitable. Penn-America prioritizes writing business with the goal of achieving a satisfactory risk-adjusted rate of return.

Underwriting

Penn-America’s insurance products are primarily underwritten via specific binding authority in which the Company grants delegated underwriting authority to its wholesale general agents. The Company’s wholesale general agents, program administrators and retail agents contract to underwrite submissions received in accordance with the Company’s underwriting guidelines.

Approximately 90% of Penn-America’s policies are fully automated and are processed by the agents utilizing the Company’s technology platform to rate, quote and issue policies. The Company’s underwriters have defined levels of authority that vary based on experience and performance. Agents have no authority to change forms or underwriting rules and have very limited discretionary pricing authority. The Company and its agents perform additional loss control activities through inspection of insured properties. Premiums audits are performed on the Company’s casualty business rated on revenue and payroll exposure.

A comprehensive, regularly updated underwriting manual that specifically outlines risk eligibility which is developed based on the type of insured, nature of exposure and overall expected profitability is used for underwriting. This manual also outlines (a) rates, (b) underwriting guidelines, including but not limited to policy forms, terms and conditions, and (c) policy issuance instructions.

Training on the Company’s underwriting guidelines is done via in person agency visits, marketing calls, agency conferences, or webinars.

Risks that are not within the specific binding authority must be submitted to Penn-America’s underwriting personnel directly for underwriting review and approval or denial.

The Company regularly monitors the underwriting quality of its wholesale general agents and retail agents through a disciplined system of controls, which includes one or more of the following:

•

automated system criteria edits and exception reports;

•

targeted policy reviews to measure adherence to the Company’s underwriting manual or letter of authority including: risk selection, underwriting compliance, policy issuance and pricing;

•

periodic on-site and virtual comprehensive audits to evaluate processes, controls, profitability and adherence to all aspects of the Company’s underwriting manual or letter of authority including: risk selection, underwriting compliance, policy issuance and pricing;

•

internal quarterly actuarial analysis of loss ratios produced by business underwritten by the Company’s wholesale general agents and retail agents; and

•

internal quarterly analysis of financial results, including premium growth and overall profitability of business produced by the Company’s wholesale general agents and retail agents.

Penn-America provides incentives to certain wholesale general agents and program administrators through profit commissions that are tied directly to producing profitable business.

Geographic Concentration

The following table sets forth the geographic distribution of Penn-America’s gross written premiums for the periods indicated:

NON-CORE OPERATIONS

The Company’s Non-Core Operations segment represents lines of business that have been de-emphasized or are no longer being written.

The two key activities of Non-Core Operations are managing transition service agreements related to the sales of the Company’s renewal rights and handling claims activity and loss reserves on de-emphasized and terminated business.

At the end of 2022, the Company ceased writing new business and non-renewed existing policies for its four brokerage divisions: Professional Liability, Excess Casualty, Environmental, and Middle Market Property. On August 8, 2022, the Company sold the renewal rights related to its Farm, Ranch & Stable business for policies written on or after August 8, 2022 to Everett Cash Mutual Insurance Company. On October 26, 2021, the Company sold the renewal rights related to its manufactured and dwelling homes business. In 2021, the Company decided to cease writing certain Property Brokerage business which was part of the Commercial Specialty segment (now known as Penn-America), as well as non-renewing several treaties within the prior Reinsurance Operations segment which are now included in Non-Core Operations.

See Note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for additional information on the sales of the Company’s renewal rights.

The manufactured home, dwelling, motorcycle, watercraft, certain homeowners products, and farm, ranch & equine business within Non-Core Operations operated primarily in the standard or admitted markets and were distributed through retail agents, wholesale general agents, and brokers. These insurance products were either underwritten via limited binding authority, specific binding authority, or by internal personnel. The Property Brokerage product within Non-Core Operations operated predominantly in the excess and surplus lines or non-admitted markets and were distributed through wholesale brokers and underwritten by the Company’s personnel and selected brokers with limited binding authority. The retrocessional reinsurance treaties within Non-Core Operations were distributed through brokers and on a direct basis.

Information technology development initiatives related to business lines within Non-Core Operations have been discontinued.

Additional capital has and will become available as a result of de-emphasizing and exiting non-core business. This additional capital will support future growth in the Company's Penn-America segment and provide capital for business initiatives including share repurchases.

Geographic Concentration

The following table sets forth the geographic distribution of Non-Core Operations’ gross written premiums for the periods indicated:

Reinsurance of Underwriting Risk

The Company’s philosophy is to purchase reinsurance from third parties to limit its liability on individual risks and to protect against property catastrophe and casualty clash losses. Reinsurance assists the Company in controlling exposure to severe losses and protecting capital resources. The type, cost and limits of reinsurance it purchases can vary from year to year based upon the Company’s desired retention levels and the availability of quality reinsurance at an acceptable price. The Company purchases reinsurance based on guidelines established by management. Some of the Company’s reinsurance contracts renew on an annual basis. Although reinsurance does not legally discharge an insurer from its primary liability for the full amount of limits on the policies it has written, it does make the assuming reinsurer liable to the insurer to the extent of the insurance ceded. The Company primarily utilizes treaty reinsurance products made up of proportional and excess of loss reinsurance. Additionally, the Company may purchase facultative reinsurance protection on single risks when deemed necessary.

The Company purchases specific types and structures of reinsurance depending upon the characteristics of the lines of business and specialty products underwritten. The Company will typically seek to place proportional reinsurance for umbrella and excess products, certain specialty products, or new products in the development stage. The Company believes that this approach allows it to control net exposure in these product areas most cost effectively.

The Company purchases reinsurance on an excess of loss basis to cover individual risk severity. These structures are utilized to protect the Company’s primary positions on property and casualty products. The excess of loss structures allow the Company to maximize underwriting profits over time by retaining its desired amount of risk in each product written while helping to protect against the possibility of unforeseen volatility.

The Company analyzes its reinsurance contracts to ensure that they meet the risk transfer requirements of applicable accounting guidance, which requires that the reinsurer must assume significant insurance risk under the reinsured portions of the underlying insurance contracts and that there must be a reasonably possible chance that the reinsurer may realize a significant loss from the transaction.

The Company continually evaluates its retention levels across its entire line of business and specialty product portfolio seeking to ensure that the ultimate reinsurance structures are aligned with the Company’s corporate risk tolerance levels associated with such products. Any decision to decrease the Company’s reliance upon proportional reinsurance or to increase the Company’s excess of loss retentions could increase the Company’s earnings volatility. In cases where the Company decides to increase its excess of loss retentions, such decisions will be a result of a change or progression in the Company’s risk tolerance level. The Company endeavors to purchase reinsurance from financially strong reinsurers with which it has long-standing relationships. In addition, in certain circumstances, the Company holds collateral, including letters of credit, under reinsurance agreements.

The Company’s material reinsurance treaties are as follows:

Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss– The Company’s current property writings create exposure to catastrophic events. To protect against these exposures, the Company purchases a property catastrophe treaty. Effective June 1, 2023, the Company purchased two layers of occurrence coverage for losses of $50 million in excess of $25 million. The first layer provides coverage of 100% of $25 million in excess of $25 million and can be reinstated once at no additional charge. The second layer provides coverage of $25 million in excess of $50 million and can be reinstated once at no additional charge. This replaced the treaty that was effective June 1, 2022, where the Company purchased three layers of occurrence coverage for losses of $115 million in excess of $10 million. The first layer provided coverage of 40% of $10 million in excess of $10 million and could be reinstated once at no additional charge. The second layer provided coverage of $30 million in excess of $20 million and could be reinstated once for an additional charge. The third layer provided coverage of $75 million in excess of $50 million and could be reinstated once for an additional charge.

Property Per Risk Excess of Loss – Effective January 1, 2024, the Company renewed its property per risk excess of loss treaty. For property risks excluding cannabis property risks, this treaty provides coverage of 100% of $2.5 million per risk in excess of $2.5 million per risk and 85% of $5.0 million per risk in excess of $5.0 million per risk for the entire Company. For cannabis property risks, this treaty provides coverage of 70% of $2.5 million per risk in excess of $2.5 million per risk and 55% of $5.0 million per risk in excess of $5.0 million per risk This replaced the property treaty which expired December 31, 2023 which provided coverage of 50% of $7.5 million per risk in excess of $2.5 million per risk for the entire Company and a cannabis quota share property treaty which ceded 65.45% of losses from $0 to $11 million per occurrence.

Casualty Excess of Loss – Effective December 31, 2023, the Company terminated the casualty excess of loss treaty. The contract was on a continuous basis. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company purchased a new treaty to provide coverage of 80% of $10 million per occurrence in excess of $2.5 million per occurrence for casualty lines of business. The treaty is subject to an aggregate limit of $20 million.

Amended & Restated Reinsurance Agreement – Effective October 26, 2021, the company entered into an agreement to cede 100% of its underwriting results related to certain specialty property business.

Reinsurance Agreement – Effective August 8 th, 2022, the company entered into an agreement to cede 100% of its underwriting results related to certain agricultural business.

To the extent that there may be an increase or decrease in catastrophe or casualty clash exposure in the future, the Company may increase or decrease its reinsurance protection for these exposures commensurately. There were no other significant changes to any of the Company’s reinsurance treaties during 2023.

The following table sets forth the ten reinsurers for which the Company has the largest reinsurance receivables as of December 31, 2023. Also shown are the amounts of premiums ceded by the Company to these reinsurers during the year ended December 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2023, the Company carried reinsurance receivables, net of collateral held in trust, of $71.6 million. This amount is net of an allowance for expected credit losses of $9.0 million at December 31, 2023.

Historically, there have been insolvencies following a period of competitive pricing in the industry. While the Company has recorded allowances for expected credit losses for reinsurance receivables based on relevant information about past events including historical experience, currently available information, and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability, conditions may change or additional information might be obtained that may require the Company to record additional allowances. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews its financial exposure to the reinsurance market and assesses the adequacy of its collateral and allowance for expected credit losses. The Company continues to take actions to mitigate its exposure to possible loss.

Claims Management and Administration

The Company’s approach to claims management is designed to investigate reported incidents at the earliest juncture, to select, manage, and supervise all legal and adjustment aspects of claims, including settlement, for the mutual benefit of the Company, its professional general agents, wholesale brokers, reinsurers and insureds. The Company’s professional general agents and wholesale brokers have no authority to settle claims or otherwise exercise control over the claims process. The claims management staff supervises or processes all claims. The Company has a formal claims review process, and all claims greater than $250,000 are reviewed by senior claims management and certain senior executives. Large loss trends and analysis are reviewed by a Large Loss committee.

To handle claims, the Company utilizes its own in-house claims department as well as third-party assuming reinsurers, to whom it delegates limited claims handling authority. The experienced in-house staff of claims management professionals are assigned to one of four dedicated claim units: casualty, property, subrogation, and construction defect. In-house claims management professionals are responsible for coverage confirmation, investigation, customer service, claims adjustment, and disposition and use a network of Company-approved independent adjusters and attorneys to assist in the adjustment process.

Approximately 92% of claims are handled by in-house claims management professionals and approximately 8% are handled by the Company’s assuming reinsurers. The Company reviews and supervises the claims handled by its reinsurers seeking to protect its reputation and minimize exposure.

Reserves for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Applicable insurance laws require the Company to maintain reserves to cover its estimated ultimate losses under insurance policies and reinsurance treaties that it writes and for loss adjustment expenses relating to the investigation and settlement of claims.

The Company establishes losses and loss adjustment expense reserves for individual claims by evaluating reported claims on the basis of:

•

knowledge of the circumstances surrounding the claim;

•

the severity of injury or damage;

•

jurisdiction of the occurrence;

•

the potential for ultimate exposure;

•

litigation related developments;

•

the type of loss; and

•

the Company’s experience with the insured and the line of business and policy provisions relating to the particular type of claim.

The Company generally estimates such losses and claims costs through an evaluation of individual reported claims. The Company also establishes reserves for incurred but not reported losses (“IBNR”). The Company’s IBNR reserves include provisions for development on known cases as well as provisions for claims that have occurred but not been reported. IBNR reserves are based on the Company's historical statistical information with respect to the expected number and nature of claims arising from occurrences that have not been reported, supplemented with industry experience when deemed appropriate. The Company also establishes its reserves based on estimates of future trends in claims severity and other subjective factors. Insurance companies are not permitted to reserve for a catastrophe until it has occurred. Reserves are recorded on an undiscounted basis other than fair value adjustments recorded under purchase accounting. The Company’s reserves are reviewed quarterly by the in-house actuarial staff; however, management is responsible for the final determination of loss reserve selections. Reserve reviews for Insurance Operations are summarized on both a gross and net of reinsurance basis.

In addition to the Company’s internal reserve analysis, independent external actuaries perform a full, detailed review of the reserves annually. The Company does not rely upon the review by the independent actuaries to develop its reserves; however, the review is used to corroborate the analysis performed by the in-house actuarial staff. The results of the detailed reserve reviews by internal and external actuaries are summarized and discussed with the Company’s senior management to determine Management's best estimate of reserves.

With respect to some classes of risks, the period of time between the occurrence of an insured event and the final resolution of a claim may be many years, and during this period it often becomes necessary to adjust the claim estimates either upward or downward. Certain classes of umbrella and excess liability that the Company underwrites have historically had longer intervals between the occurrence of an insured event, reporting of the claim, and final resolution. In such cases, the Company must estimate reserves over long periods of time with the possibility of several adjustments to reserves. Other classes of insurance that the Company underwrites, such as most property insurance, historically have shorter intervals between the occurrence of an insured event, reporting of the claim, and final resolution. Reserves with respect to these classes are therefore inherently less likely to be adjusted.

The losses and loss adjustment expense reserving process is intended to reflect the impact of inflation and other factors affecting loss payments by taking into account changes in historical payment patterns and perceived trends. However, there is no precise method for the subsequent evaluation of the adequacy of the consideration given to inflation, or to any other specific factor, or to the way one factor may affect another.

See the notes to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for a reconciliation of the Company’s liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance ceded, as well as further discussion surrounding changes to reserves for prior accident years.

Asbestos and Environmental (“A&E”) Exposure

The Company’s environmental exposure arises from the sale of general liability and commercial multi-peril insurance. Currently, the Company’s policies continue to exclude classic environmental contamination claims. However, in some states, the Company is required, depending on the circumstances, to provide coverage for certain bodily injury claims, such as an individual's exposure to a release of chemicals. The Company has also issued policies that were intended to provide limited pollution and environmental coverage. These policies were specific to certain types of products underwritten by the Company. The Company has also received a number of asbestos-related claims, the majority of which are declined based on well-established exclusions. In establishing the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses related to A&E exposures, management considers facts currently known and the current state of the law and coverage litigations. Estimates of these liabilities are reviewed and updated continually.

Uncertainty remains as to the Company’s ultimate liability for asbestos-related claims due to such factors as the long latency period between asbestos exposure and disease manifestation and the resulting potential for involvement of multiple policy periods for individual claims. Other emerging mass torts with long latency periods also contribute to the uncertainty in the estimated ultimate environmental liability.

The liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, inclusive of A&E reserves, reflects Management’s best estimates for future amounts needed to pay losses and related loss adjustment expenses as of each of the balance sheet dates reflected in the financial statements herein in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $10.7 million of net loss reserves for asbestos-related claims and $10.4 million for environmental claims. The Company attempts to estimate the full impact of the A&E exposures by establishing specific case reserves on all known losses. See Note 12 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for tables showing the Company’s gross and net reserves for A&E losses.

In addition to the factors referenced above, establishing reserves for A&E and other mass tort claims involves considerably more judgment than other types of claims due to factors including, but not limited to, inconsistent court decisions, an increase in bankruptcy filings as a result of asbestos-related liabilities, and judicial interpretations that often expand theories of recovery and broaden the scope of coverage.

See Note 12 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for the survival ratios on a gross and net basis for the Company’s A&E claims.

The Company’s investment policy is determined by the Investment Committee of the Board of Directors. The Company engages third-party investment advisors to oversee and manage its investments and to make recommendations to the Investment Committee. The Company projects its cash flows from investments and operations to assure it has adequate liquidity to run its business. The Company’s investment policy allows it to invest in taxable and tax-exempt fixed income investments including corporate bonds as well as publicly traded equities and private equity and private debt investments. The insurance group holds $1,232.2 million of investments, of which, are comprised of 98.7% of fixed income and 1.3% of preferred stock. To provide diversification, the Company limits exposure to individual issuers. With respect to fixed income investments, the maximum exposure per issuer varies as a function of the credit quality of the security. The allocation between taxable and tax-exempt bonds is determined based on market conditions and tax considerations. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $1,386.6 million of investments and cash and cash equivalent assets, including $16.5 million of preferred stock, and $38.2 million of limited partnership investments.

Insurance company investments must comply with applicable statutory regulations that prescribe the type, quality, and concentration of investments. These regulations permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state, and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, and preferred and common equity securities.

The following table summarizes by type the estimated fair value of Global Indemnity’s investments and cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

(1)

Includes collateralized mortgage obligations of $56,186, $58,773, and $101,698 for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

(2)

Does not include net receivable (payable) for securities sold (purchased) of $3,858, ($66), and ($794) for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The Company does not acquire fixed maturities with the intention to sell these securities in a short period of time. The Company can hold fixed maturities to recovery and/or maturity; however, the Company regularly re-evaluates its positions and will sell a security if warranted by market conditions.

The overall weighted average duration of the Company’s fixed maturities portfolio was 1.1 years as of December 31, 2023 compared to 1.7 years at December 31, 2022. Duration was lowered in response to rising interest rates. The Company’s fixed maturities, excluding the asset-backed, mortgage-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations, had a weighted average maturity of 1.4 years and a weighted average duration, including cash and short-term investments, of 0.9 years as of December 31, 2023. The weighted average duration of the Company’s asset-backed, mortgage-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities was 1.8 years as of December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s embedded book yield on its fixed maturities, not including cash, was 4.0% compared with 3.5% at December 31, 2022.

The Company’s financial statements reflect a net unrealized loss on fixed maturities available for sale as of December 31, 2023 of $28.3 million on a pre-tax basis.

The following table shows the average amount of fixed maturities, income earned on fixed maturities, and the book yield thereon, as well as unrealized gain (loss) for the periods indicated:

(1)

Represents income earned by fixed maturities, gross of investment expenses and excluding realized gains and losses.

The Company has sought to structure its portfolio to reduce the risk of default on collateralized commercial real estate obligations and asset-backed securities. Of the $58.9 million of mortgage-backed securities, $2.7 million is invested in U.S. agency paper and $56.2 million is invested in collateralized mortgage obligations, of which $30.5 million, or 54.4%, are rated AA- or better. In addition, the Company holds $203.0 million in asset-backed securities, of which 82.2% are rated A- or better and $79.1 million in commercial mortgaged-backed securities, of which 83.0% are rated AA or better. The weighted average credit enhancement for the Company’s asset-backed securities is 36.1. The Company also faces liquidity risk. Liquidity risk is when the fair value of an investment is not able to be realized due to lack of interest by outside parties in the marketplace. The Company attempts to diversify its investment holdings to minimize this risk. The Company’s investment managers run periodic analysis of liquidity costs to the fixed income portfolio. The Company also faces credit risk. 93.6% of the Company’s fixed income securities are investment grade securities. 25.9% of the Company’s fixed maturities are rated AAA. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in Item 7A of Part II of this report for a more detailed discussion of the credit market and the Company’s investment strategy.

The following table summarizes, by Standard & Poor's rating classifications, the estimated fair value of Global Indemnity’s investments in fixed maturities, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

The following table sets forth the expected maturity distribution of the Company’s fixed maturities portfolio at their estimated market value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

The value of the Company’s portfolio of bonds is inversely related to changes in market interest rates. In addition, some of the Company’s bonds have call or prepayment options. This could subject the Company to reinvestment risk should interest rates fall and issuers call their securities and the Company is forced to invest the proceeds at lower interest rates. The Company seeks to mitigate its reinvestment risk by investing in securities with varied maturity dates, so that only a portion of the portfolio will mature, be called, or be prepaid at any point in time.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had aggregate equity securities of $16.5 million that consisted of preferred stocks.

The Company’s investments in other invested assets is comprised of three limited partnerships. At December 31, 2023, a partnership that invests in stressed and distressed debt instruments was valued at $4.0 million, a partnership that invests in Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) qualifying assets was valued at $8.2 million, and a partnership comprised of performing, stressed or distressed securities and loans across the global fixed income markets was valued at $26.0 million. The carrying value of these investments approximates fair value. There is no readily available independent market price for these limited liability partnership investments and the Company does not have access to daily valuations. The Company receives annual audited financial statements from each of the partnership investments it owns.

Net realized investment gains (losses) were ($2.1) million, ($32.9) million, and $15.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Competition

The Company competes with numerous domestic and international insurance companies, mutual companies, specialty insurance companies, underwriting agencies, diversified financial services companies, Lloyd's syndicates, risk retention groups, insurance buying groups, risk securitization products and alternative self-insurance mechanisms. In particular, the Company competes against insurance subsidiaries of the groups in the specialty insurance market noted below, insurance companies, and others, including:

•

American International Group

•

Ategrity Specialty Holdings LLC

•

Atlantic Casualty Insurance Company

•

Berkshire Hathaway

•

CapSpecialty Insurance Group

•

Chubb Limited

•

IFG Companies

•

James River Group Holdings

•

Kinsale Capital Group, Inc.

•

Markel Corporation

•

Nationwide Insurance

•

RLI Corporation

•

RSUI Group

•

Selective Insurance Group, Inc.

•

The Hartford

•

The Travelers Companies, Inc.

•

W.R. Berkley Corporation

In addition to the companies mentioned above, the Company is facing competition from standard line companies who are continuing to write risks that traditionally had been written by excess and surplus lines carriers, Bermuda companies who are establishing relationships with wholesale brokers and purchasing carriers, and other excess and surplus lines competitors.

Competition may take the form of lower prices, broader coverage, greater product flexibility, higher quality services, reputation and financial strength or higher ratings by independent rating agencies. In all of the Company’s markets, it competes by developing insurance products to satisfy well-defined market needs and by maintaining relationships with wholesale agents and insureds that rely on the Company’s expertise. The Company differentiates itself from the competition by distributing products that are not readily available in the market. Each of the Company’s products has its own distinct competitive environment. The Company seeks to compete through innovative products, appropriate pricing, niche underwriting expertise, and quality service to policyholders and general agencies.

Employees

The Company had approximately 266 employees at December 31, 2023 as compared with 355 employees at December 31, 2022. None of the Company’s employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements as of December 31, 2023. The Company focuses on attracting, developing and retaining a team of highly talented and motivated employees. The Company conducts regular assessments of its compensation and benefit practices and pay levels to help ensure that its employees are compensated fairly and competitively. The Company devotes resources to employee training and development. Individual objectives are set annually for each employee, and attainment of those objectives is an element of the employee’s performance assessment. The Company recognizes that its success is based on the talents and dedication of those it employs and is highly invested in its employees' success.

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company reduced its workforce by 54 employees in conjunction with the restructuring of its insurance operations. See Note 3 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for additional information on the restructuring.

Ratings

AM Best has seven rating categories in the AM Best Financial Strength Rating Scale. The categories ranging from best to worst are Superior, Excellent, Good, Fair, Marginal, Weak, and Poor. Within each rating category, there are rating notches of plus or minus to show additional gradation of the ratings. AM Best currently assigns the Company’s insurance companies with a financial strength rating of "A" (Excellent).

Publications of AM Best indicate that "A" (Excellent) ratings are assigned to those companies that, in AM Best's opinion, have an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. To determine a credit rating, AM Best performs quantitative and qualitative analysis which includes evaluating balance sheet strength, operating performance, enterprise risk management, and the business profile. These ratings are based on factors relevant to policyholders, general agencies, insurance brokers and intermediaries and are not directed to the protection of investors.

Regulation

General

The insurance industry is regulated in most countries, although the degree and type of regulation varies significantly from one jurisdiction to another. Global Indemnity's companies are all U.S. companies or have made elections to be taxed as a U.S. company.

U.S. Regulation

At December 31, 2023, the Company had five subsidiaries operating as insurance companies domiciled in the United States; United National Insurance Company, Penn-America Insurance Company, and Penn-Star Insurance Company, which are domiciled in Pennsylvania; Diamond State Insurance Company which is domiciled in Indiana; and Penn-Patriot Insurance Company, which is domiciled in Virginia.

As the parent of these insurance companies, Global Indemnity is subject to the insurance holding company laws of Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Virginia. These laws generally require each of the insurance companies to register with its respective domestic state insurance department and to annually furnish financial and other information about the operations of the companies within the insurance holding company system. Generally, all material transactions among affiliated companies in the holding company system to which any of the insurance companies is a party must be fair, and, if material or of a specified category, require prior notice and approval or absence of disapproval by the insurance department where the subsidiary is domiciled. Material transactions include sales, loans, contributions, reinsurance agreements, certain types of dividends, and service agreements with the non-insurance companies within Global Indemnity’s family of companies.

State Insurance Regulation

State insurance authorities have broad regulatory powers with respect to various aspects of the business of insurance companies, including, but not limited to, licensing companies to transact admitted business or determining eligibility to write surplus lines business, accreditation of reinsurers, admittance of assets to statutory surplus, regulating unfair trade and claims practices, establishing reserve requirements and solvency standards, management of enterprise risk, regulating investments and dividends, approving policy forms and related materials in certain instances and approving premium rates in certain instances. State insurance laws and regulations may require the Company’s insurance companies to file financial statements with insurance departments everywhere they will be licensed or eligible or accredited to conduct insurance business, and their operations are subject to review by those departments at any time. The Company’s insurance companies prepare statutory financial statements in accordance with statutory accounting principles ("SAP") and procedures prescribed or permitted by these departments. State insurance departments also conduct periodic examinations of the books and records, financial reporting, policy filings and market conduct of insurance companies domiciled in their states, generally once every three to five years, although market conduct examinations may take place at any time. These examinations are generally carried out in cooperation with the insurance departments of other states under guidelines promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”). In addition, admitted insurers are subject to targeted market conduct examinations involving specific insurers by state insurance regulators in any state in which the insurer is admitted. The insurance departments for the states of Indiana, Virginia, and Pennsylvania completed their most recent financial examinations of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries for the period ended December 31, 2022. No material adverse findings were reported to the Company. Their final reports are expected to be issued in 2024.

Before a person can acquire control of a U.S. insurance company, prior written approval must be obtained from the insurance commissioner of the state where the insurer is domiciled. Prior to granting approval of an application to acquire control of a domestic insurer, the state insurance commissioner will consider factors such as the financial strength of the applicant, the integrity and management of the applicant's board of directors and executive officers, the acquirer’s plans for the management, board of directors, executive officers, and employees of the company being acquired, the acquirer’s plans for the future operations of the domestic insurer and any anti-competitive results that may arise from the consummation of the acquisition of control. Generally, state statutes provide that control over a domestic insurer is presumed to exist if any person, directly or indirectly, owns, controls, holds with the power to vote, or holds proxies representing 10% or more of the voting securities of the domestic insurer. Because a person acquiring 10% or more of Global Indemnity Group, LLC’s common shares would indirectly control the same percentage of the stock of the insurance companies, the insurance change of control laws of Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Virginia would likely apply to such a transaction.

These laws may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay, deter or prevent a change of control of Global Indemnity Group, LLC, including through transactions, and in particular unsolicited transactions, that some or all of the shareholders of Global Indemnity Group, LLC might consider desirable.

Insurance Regulatory Information System Ratios

The NAIC Insurance Regulatory Information System ("IRIS") was developed by a committee of the state insurance regulators and is intended primarily to assist state insurance departments in executing their statutory mandates to oversee the financial condition of insurance companies operating in their respective states. IRIS identifies thirteen industry ratios and specifies "usual values" for each ratio. Departure from the usual values of the ratios can lead to inquiries from individual state insurance commissioners that require the insurer to describe certain aspects of a business that are causing such departures. It is not uncommon for companies to have ratios that fall outside of these usual values. Although the Company’s insurance subsidiaries have departures from usual values of certain IRIS ratios, the Company believes that its insurance subsidiaries have adequate capital and liquidity to meet their operational needs.

The Company’s insurance subsidiaries' departures from usual values of certain IRIS ratios are as follows:

•

Investment yields were lower than the IRIS range for Penn-Patriot Insurance Company and Penn-America Insurance Company. A high percentage of invested assets for both companies consisted of wholly-owned subsidiaries which did not distribute dividends to either Penn-Patriot Insurance Company or Penn-America Insurance Company in 2023.

Risk-Based Capital Regulations

The state insurance departments of Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Virginia require that each domestic insurer report its risk-based capital based on a formula calculated by applying factors to various asset, premium and reserve items. The formula takes into account the risk characteristics of the insurer, including asset risk, insurance risk, interest rate risk and business risk. The respective state insurance regulators use the formula as an early warning regulatory tool to identify possible inadequately capitalized insurers for purposes of initiating regulatory action, and generally not as a means to rank insurers. State insurance laws impose broad confidentiality requirements on those engaged in insurance (including insurers, general agencies, brokers and others) and on state insurance departments as to the use and publication of risk-based capital data. The respective state insurance regulators have explicit regulatory authority to require various actions by, or to take various actions against, insurers whose total adjusted capital does not exceed certain company action level risk-based capital levels.

Based on the standards currently adopted, the insurance companies reported in their 2023 statutory filings that their capital and surplus are above the prescribed risk-based capital requirements. See Note 21 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for additional information on the NAIC's risk-based capital model for determining the levels of statutory capital and surplus an insurer must maintain.

Statutory Accounting Principles (“SAP”)

SAP is a basis of accounting developed to assist insurance regulators in monitoring and regulating the solvency of insurance companies. SAP is primarily concerned with measuring an insurer's surplus. Accordingly, statutory accounting focuses on valuing assets and liabilities of insurers at financial reporting dates in accordance with appropriate insurance laws, regulatory provisions, and practices prescribed or permitted by each insurer's domiciliary state.

GAAP is concerned with a company's solvency, but it is also concerned with other financial measurements, such as matching revenues and expenses, income, and cash flows. As a direct result, different line item groupings of assets and liabilities and different amounts of assets and liabilities are reflected in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP than financial statements prepared in accordance with SAP.

Statutory accounting practices established by the NAIC and adopted in part by the Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Virginia regulators determine, among other things, the amount of statutory surplus and statutory net income (loss) of the insurance companies and thus determine, in part, the amount of funds these subsidiaries have available to pay dividends.

State Dividend Limitations

The insurance companies are restricted by statute as to the amount of dividends that they may pay without the prior approval of the applicable state regulatory authorities. Dividends may be paid without advanced regulatory approval only out of unassigned surplus. The dividend limitations imposed by the applicable state laws are based on the statutory financial results of each company within the Insurance Operations that are determined using statutory accounting practices that differ in various respects from accounting principles used in financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. See “Regulation – Statutory Accounting Principles.” Key differences relate to, among other items, deferred acquisition costs, limitations on deferred income taxes, reserve calculation assumptions and surplus notes, if any.

See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section in Item 7 of Part II of this report for a more complete description of the state dividend limitations. See Note 21 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report for the maximum amount of distributions that the Company’s insurance companies could pay as dividends in 2024.

Guaranty Associations and Similar Arrangements

Most of the jurisdictions in which the insurance companies are admitted to transact business require property and casualty insurers doing business within that jurisdiction to participate in guaranty associations. These associations are organized to pay contractual benefits owed pursuant to insurance policies issued by impaired, insolvent or failed insurers. These associations levy assessments, up to prescribed limits, on all member insurers in a particular state on the basis of the proportionate share of the premiums written by member insurers in the lines of business in which the impaired, insolvent, or failed insurer is engaged. Some states permit member insurers to recover assessments paid through full or partial premium tax offsets or in limited circumstances by surcharging policyholders.

Federal Insurance Regulation

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) includes a number of provisions having a direct impact on the insurance industry, most notably, streamlining of surplus lines insurance, credit for reinsurance, and systemic risk regulation. With respect to surplus lines insurance, the Dodd-Frank Act gives exclusive authority to regulate surplus lines transactions to the home state of the insured, and the requirement that a surplus lines broker must first attempt to place coverage in the admitted market is substantially softened with respect to large commercial policyholders. Significantly, the Dodd-Frank Act provides that a state may not prevent a surplus lines broker from placing surplus lines insurance with a non-U.S. insurer that appears on the quarterly listing of non-admitted insurers maintained by the International Insurers Department of the NAIC. Regarding credit for reinsurance, the Dodd-Frank Act generally provides that the state of domicile of the ceding company (and no other state) may regulate financial statement credit for the ceded risk. The Dodd-Frank Act also provides the U.S. Federal Reserve with supervisory authority over insurance companies that are deemed to be “systemically important.” The Company continues to monitor federal insurance regulations and any changes thereto that may impact operations.

Privacy, Data Protection and Cybersecurity

The Company is subject to numerous U.S. federal and state laws governing the protection of personal and confidential information. These laws and regulations are increasing in complexity, and the requirements are extensive and detailed. Numerous states require the Company to certify its compliance with their data protection laws. Some examples of privacy, data protection and cybersecurity laws and regulations include:

The New York Department of Financial Services' (“NYDFS”) Cybersecurity Regulation which mandates detailed cybersecurity standards for all institutions, including insurance entities, authorized by the NYDFS to operate in New York. Among the requirements are the maintenance of a cybersecurity program with governance controls, risk-based minimum data security standards for technology systems, cyber breach preparedness and response requirements, including reporting obligations, vendor oversight, training, program record keeping, and certification obligations.

The NAIC adopted an Insurance Data Security Model Law, which requires licensed insurance entities to comply with detailed information security requirements. The NAIC model law is similar in many respects to the NYDFS Cybersecurity Regulation.

The California Consumer Privacy Act, which took effect in January 2020, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, which took effect in January 2023, adopted significant compliance requirements for companies doing business in California. Among other things, the California Privacy Rights Act expanded consumer privacy rights and established a new privacy regulatory agency.

Available Information

The Company maintains a website at www.gbli.com. The information on the Company’s website is not incorporated herein by reference. The Company will make available, free of charge on its website, the most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company files such material with, or furnishes it to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The public may also read and copy any materials the Company files with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549 or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains, free of charge, an Internet site (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.