Revolve Group Inc

Note 1. Description of Business

Revolve Group, Inc., or REVOLVE, is an online fashion retailer for Millennial and Generation Z consumers. Through our websites and mobile apps we deliver an aspirational customer experience from a vast yet curated offering. Our dynamic platform connects a deeply engaged community of consumers, global fashion influencers, and a broad yet curated collection of brands. We are headquartered in Los Angeles County, California.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the balances of Revolve Group, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Our fiscal year ends on December 31 of each year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for sales returns, the valuation of deferred tax assets, inventory, equity‑based compensation, valuation of goodwill, reserves for income tax uncertainties and other contingencies, and breakage of store credit and gift cards.

Revenue is primarily derived from the sale of apparel merchandise through our sites and, when applicable, shipping revenue. We recognize revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. A contract is created with our customer at the time the order is placed by the customer, which creates a performance obligation to deliver the product to the customer. We recognize revenue for the performance obligation at the time control of the merchandise passes to the customer, which is at the time of shipment. In addition, we have elected to treat shipping and handling as fulfillment activities and not a separate performance obligation.

We have a Loyalty Club program within the REVOLVE and FWRD segments. Eligible customers who enroll in the program will generally earn points for every dollar spent and will automatically receive a $20 reward once they earn 2,000 points. We defer revenue based on an allocation of the price of the customer purchase and the estimated standalone selling price of the points earned. Revenue is recognized once the reward is redeemed or expires or once unconverted points expire. Rewards generally expire 90 days after they are issued and unconverted points generally expire if a customer fails to engage in any activity that generates points for a period of one year or if their participation in the program is otherwise terminated.

In accordance with our policy on returns and exchanges, merchandise returns are generally accepted for full refund if returned within 60 days of the original purchase date and merchandise may be exchanged up to 90 days from the original purchase date. At the time of sale, we establish a reserve for merchandise returns, based on historical experience, merchandise mix and expected future returns, which is recorded as a reduction of sales. Accordingly, cost of sales is also reduced and an offsetting asset is recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets for expected merchandise to be returned.

The following table presents a rollforward of our sales return reserve for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

We may also issue store credit in lieu of cash refunds or exchanges and sell gift cards without expiration dates to our customers. Store credits issued and proceeds from the issuance of gift cards are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when the store credit or gift cards are redeemed or upon inclusion in our store credit and gift card breakage estimates. Revenue recognized in net sales on breakage on store credit and gift cards was $2.6 million, $1.7 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Sales taxes and duties collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales. We currently collect sales taxes in all states that have adopted laws imposing sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers and are subject to audits by state governments of sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers in jurisdictions where we do not currently collect sales taxes, whether for prior years or prospectively. No significant interest or penalties related to sales taxes are recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

We have exposure to losses from fraudulent credit card charges. We record losses when incurred related to these fraudulent charges as amounts have historically been insignificant.

See Note 12, Segment Information, for disaggregation of revenue by reportable segment, geographic area and product category.

Cost of sales consists of the purchase price of merchandise sold to customers and includes import duties, net of drawback claims, and other taxes, inbound freight costs, receiving costs, defective merchandise returned from customers, inventory valuation adjustments, and other miscellaneous shrinkage.

Fulfillment

Fulfillment expenses primarily consist of those costs incurred in operating and staffing the fulfillment centers, including costs attributable to inspecting and warehousing inventories, picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment. Fulfillment expenses also include the cost of warehousing facilities.

Selling and Distribution

Selling and distribution expenses consist of shipping and other transportation costs incurred delivering merchandise to customers and customers returning merchandise, customer service costs, merchant processing fees, shipping supplies and other selling expenses. The amount of shipping and handling costs included in selling and distribution is $128.1 million, $120.8 million, and $84.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Marketing

Marketing expenses are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of targeted online performance marketing costs, such as paid search/product listing ads, affiliate marketing, paid social, retargeting, search engine optimization, personalized email marketing and mobile “push” communications through our mobile applications. Marketing expenses also include brand marketing investments, including events, fees paid to influencers, and other forms of online and offline marketing. Marketing expenses are primarily related to growing and retaining the customer base.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and related benefit costs and equity‑based compensation expense for employees involved in general corporate functions including merchandising, marketing, studio and technology, as well as costs associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, including depreciation, rent and other occupancy expenses.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, inclusive of the effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units, or RSUs. See Note 10, Earnings per Share, for further information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We maintain the majority of our cash and cash equivalents in money market funds and checking accounts with major financial institutions within the United States. Deposits in these institutions may exceed federally insured limits.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable are composed primarily of amounts due from financial institutions related to credit card sales. We do not maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts related to these receivables as payment is typically received in full within a few business days after the sale. We carry the remaining portion of accounts receivable at invoiced amounts less allowances for doubtful accounts and other deductions. Allowance for doubtful accounts was insignificant at both December 31, 2023 and 2022. Management evaluates the ability to collect accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained based on the length of time receivables are past due and the status of a customer’s financial position. Receivables are written off in the period deemed uncollectible after collection efforts have proven unsuccessful. We do not accrue interest on our trade receivables.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the specific identification method. Cost of inventory includes import duties and other taxes and transport and handling costs. We make inventory valuation adjustments when it appears that the carrying cost of the inventory may not be recovered through subsequent sale of the inventory. We analyze the quantity of inventory on hand, the quantity sold in the past year, the anticipated sales volume, the expected sales price and the cost of making the sale when evaluating the value of our inventory. If the sales volume or sales price of specific products declines, additional write-downs may be required.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist primarily of expected merchandise returns net of related costs, advanced payments on inventory to be delivered from vendors, prepaid packaging, and prepaid insurance.

Equity Investments

We hold an equity investment in a privately held company without readily determinable fair value. This investment is measured at cost, less impairment and included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value resulting from observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer are recorded in other income (expense), net.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Depreciation is calculated on the straight‑line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of equipment and fixtures, and leasehold improvements range from three tofive years or ifshorter, the remaining lease term for leasehold improvements. The estimated useful life of our capitalized software isthree years.

Leases

We lease office and warehouse space and equipment used in connection with our operations under various operating leases, some of which provide for rental payments on a graduated basis, rent holidays and other incentives. Operating leases with a term greater than one year are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities at the commencement date. These balances are initially recorded at the present value of future minimum lease payments calculated using our incremental borrowing rate and expected lease term, which includes options to extend or terminate the lease which we are reasonably certain to exercise and adjusted for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received. A right-of-use lease asset and lease liability are not recognized for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, and the lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We also elected to combine lease and non-lease components on all new or modified leases into a single lease component.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review long‑lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. This determination includes evaluation of factors such as future asset utilization and future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets. If circumstances require a long‑lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, we first compare undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long‑lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. No impairment losses were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the related net assets acquired and is not subject to amortization. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had goodwill of $2.0 million. We review our goodwill annually for impairment or when circumstances indicate its carrying value may not be recoverable.

We perform this evaluation at the reporting unit level, comprised of the principle business units within our REVOLVE segment. In order to test for goodwill impairment, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, goodwill is written down for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. However, the loss recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.

We perform our annual impairment review of goodwill at December 31, and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment tests. No goodwill impairment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and are recorded net on the face of the balance sheet. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more-likely than-not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent it is believed that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more-likely than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carryback and carryforward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax‑planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more‑likely than‑not that we will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the valuation allowance. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.

Equity-based Compensation

We measure equity-based compensation expense associated with the awards granted based on their estimated fair values at the grant date. For awards with service conditions only, equity-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period using the straight-line method. For awards with service and performance conditions, we recognize the compensation expense if and when we conclude that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance condition at each reporting date. Forfeitures are recorded as they occur. See Note 9, Equity-based Compensation, for additional details.

Employee Benefit Plan

We sponsor a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan covering eligible employees. Participants may contribute a percentage of their pretax earnings annually, subject to limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. We have the ability to make discretionary contributions to the 401(k) plan but have not done so to date.

Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Fair Value Measurements

We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. We determine fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. The carrying amounts for our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, line of credit and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:

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Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full-term of the asset or liability.

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Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds, which are valued based on Level 1 inputs consisting of quoted prices in active markets. Our cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $212.0 million and $165.9 million, respectively.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Certain Risks and Concentrations

We are subject to certain risks, including dependence on third‑party technology providers and hosting services for our website servers, exposure to risks associated with online commerce security, credit card fraud, as well as the interpretation of state and local laws and regulations related to the collection and remittance of sales and use taxes. We do not have significant vendor concentrations.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which updates reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance. ASU 2023-07 is effective for us for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances income tax disclosures, primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and disaggregation of income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for us for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

The carrying value of goodwill as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, was $2.0 million. No goodwill impairment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The gross amounts and accumulated amortization of our acquired identifiable intangible assets with finite useful lives as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, included in intangible assets, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, are as follows (in thousands):

(1)

Includes $1.2 million and $1.0 millionof intangible assets not subject to amortization as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets with finite useful lives was $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Future estimated amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Note 4. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Total depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $5.0 million, $4.7 million, and $4.4 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, $2.7 million, $2.6 million, and $2.4 million, respectively, was recorded in general and administrative expense and $2.3 million, $2.1 million, and $2.0 million, respectively, was recorded in fulfillment expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Note 5. Leases

We lease office and warehouse space and equipment used in connection with our operations under various operating leases, some of which provide for rental payments on a graduated basis, rent holidays and other incentives. Operating leases with a term greater thanone year are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities at the commencement date. These balances are initially recorded at the present value of future minimum lease payments calculated using our incremental borrowing rate and expected lease term and adjusted for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received.

The following table includes the components of our lease expense recorded in fulfillment expenses and general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents future minimum lease payments and the impact of discounting as of December 31, 2023.

The weighted-average remaining term for our leases as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was 4.9 years and 5.1 years, respectively. The weighted-average discount rate for our leases as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was 8.5% and 5.0%, respectively.

Note 6. Line of Credit

On March 23, 2021, we amended and restated our existing credit agreement to, among other things, extend the expiration date from March 23, 2021 to March 23, 2026. On May 11, 2023, we amended the credit agreement to replace the LIBO reference rate with a term SOFR reference rate and made conforming changes throughout the credit agreement. The line of credit provides us with up to $75.0 million aggregate principal in revolver borrowings, based on eligible inventory and accounts receivable less reserves. Borrowings under the credit agreement accrue interest, at our option, at (1) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate, plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate and (c) an adjusted term SOFR rate determined on the basis of aone-month interest period, plus 1.00%, or (2) an adjusted term SOFR rate, subject to a floor of 0.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% per year in the case of base rate loans, and 1.25% to 1.75% per year in the case of term SOFR rate loans. No borrowings were outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

We are also obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type, including an unused commitment fee. The credit agreement also permits us, in certain circumstances, to request an increase in the facility by an additional amount of up to $25.0 million (in an initial minimum amount of $10.0 millionand in increments of

$5.0 million thereafter) at the same maturity, pricing and other terms. Our obligations under the credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets. The credit agreement also contains customary covenants restricting certain of our activities, including limitations on our ability to sell assets, engage in mergers and acquisitions, enter into transactions involving related parties, obtain letters of credit, incur indebtedness, repurchase stock or grant liens or negative pledges on our assets, make loans or make other investments. Under these covenants, we areprohibited from paying cash dividends with respect to our capital stock. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

We record a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Accounting for contingencies requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss. Although we cannot predict with assurance the outcome of any litigation or tax matters, we do not believe there are currently any such actions that, if resolved unfavorably, would have a material impact on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to vendors, directors, officers and other parties with respect to certain matters. We have not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in our consolidated financial statements.

Tax Contingencies

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and the United Kingdom, or UK. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates or whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of tax audits. Our provision for income taxes does not include any reserve provision because we believe that all of our tax positions are highly certain.

In March 2022, we received a cease and desist letter alleging copyright infringement and related claims. During 2022, we accrued $6.3 million to general and administrative expenses for estimated losses and legal fees that we expected to incur in connection with these claims and during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we accrued an additional $0.3 million for estimated legal fees. In February, 2023, we entered into a final settlement agreement with the claimant and paid approximately $1.5 million in settlement costs and legal fees related to this matter, net of insurance proceeds. The related insurance proceeds of $5.1 million were recorded within other income, net in the accompanying statements of income.

In March 2023, we received a separate cease-and-desist letter alleging copyright infringement and related claims. During 2023, we accrued $7.3 million to general and administrative expenses for estimated losses and legal fees that we expected to incur in connection with these claims. In November 2023, we entered into a final settlement agreement with the claimant and paid $7.3 million in settlement costs and legal fees related to this matter. As of the date of this report, we expect to receive approximately $2.6 million in insurance proceeds related to this matter. We record insurance proceeds related to legal matters within other income (expense), net in the period in which they are received.

In February 2024, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service served us with a notice of violation and proposed civil penalty, alleging that we have violated certain administrative requirements under the Endangered Species Act and the Lacey Act in connection with our export and import of certain items of merchandise. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we accrued $2.8 million to general and administrative expenses for estimated losses and legal fees related to this matter, which remains pending as of the date of this report. While we believe the amount accrued is adequate based on the information available to us as of the date of this report, the ultimate loss and associated legal expenses may differ from the amount accrued.

Leases

We have obligations under operating leases for office and fulfillment facilities. For a description of our leases, please see Note 5, Leases.

Note 8. Income Taxes

The components of income before income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):

The components of the provision for income tax expense (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

The components of net deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, gross federal and state operating loss carryforwards were insignificant.

In accordance with ASC 740-30-25-17, we intend that the undistributed net earnings from continuing operations as well as the future net earnings of the foreign subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested in our operations outside of the U.S.

Our effective tax rate was different than the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate for the following reasons:

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we filed a consolidated federal and state income tax return for Revolve Group, Inc. We believe that there are no uncertain tax positions that would impact the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We do not anticipate there will be a material change in our recognition of uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months.

The tax years ended December 31, 2020 through 2023 remain subject to possible examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the tax years ended December 31, 2019 through 2023 remain subject to possible examination by state tax jurisdictions. No interest or penalties related to income taxes are recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Note 9. Equity-based Compensation

In 2013, Twist Holdings, LLC, or Twist, and Advance Holdings, LLC, or Advance, which subsequently became part of Revolve Group, Inc., adopted equity incentive plans that we refer to collectively as the 2013 Plan, pursuant to which the board of managers could grant options to purchase Class A units to officers and employees. Options could be granted with an exercise price equal to or greater than the unit’s fair value at the date of grant. All issued awards have 10 year terms and generally vest and become fully exercisable annually over five years of service from the date of grant. Awards will become fully vested upon the sale of the company. The then-outstanding options to purchase Class A units were converted into options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock in connection with our corporate conversion in June 2019.

In September 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan, which became effective in June 2019. Under the 2019 Plan, a total of 4,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock are reserved for issuance as options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, or RSUs, performance units or performance shares. Upon the completion of our IPO, the 2019 Plan replaced the 2013 Plan, however, the 2013 Plan continues to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards previously granted under that plan. The number of shares that will be available for issuance under our 2019 Plan also will increase annually on the first day of each year in an amount equal to the least of: (1)6,900,000 shares, (2)5% of the outstanding shares of all classes of our common stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding year and (3) such other amount as our board of directors may determine. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 9.1 million common shares remain available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan. Our board of directors determinednot to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan as of January 1, 2024.

The grant-date fair value of RSUs is measured on the grant date based on the closing fair market value of our Class A common stock. The grant-date fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires inputs such as expected term, fair value per unit of our Class A shares, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. We utilized the simplified method for calculating expected term using the average of the vesting period and the contractual life of the option. The dividend yield is 0%, as we have not paid, nor do we expect to pay, dividends. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent remaining term. Expected volatility is estimated based on the average historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The fair value of options granted is based on observable market prices. For awards with service and performance conditions, we recognize the compensation expense if and when we conclude that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance condition at each reporting date.

The weighted average assumptions for the grants in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are provided in the following table:

Option activity under the 2013 and 2019 Plans is as follows:

RSU award activity under the 2019 Plan is as follows:

(1)

Includes an adjustment of 5,100 shares underlying performance-based RSU awards made during the year ended December 31, 2023. The vesting of such RSUs is based upon the Company’s current performance against predefined financial targets.

(2)

Includes an adjustment of (93,573) shares underlying performance-based RSU awards made during the year ended December 31, 2023. The vesting of such RSUs is based upon the Company’s current performance against predefined financial targets.

There were 2,841,203 options and 129,106 RSUs granted during 2023. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options and RSUs granted during 2023 was $7.24 per share and $25.48 per share, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $17.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs and time-based options granted under the 2013 Plan and 2019 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average service period of 3.4 years.

2023 Performance Option Awards

On September 15, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 1,701,479 performance-based options to certain members of management with an exercise price of $13.05 and a grant-date fair value of $6.79. In addition, on November 3, 2023, the Company granted 49,971 performance-based options to a member of management with an exercise price of $13.35 and a grant-date fair value of $6.94. Collectively, we refer to these option awards as the 2023 Performance Option Awards. The 2023 Performance Option Awards are subject to multiple vesting tranches that vest upon achievement of certain predefined financial milestones. As of December 31, 2023, we had $2.1 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for the financial milestones that were considered probable of achievement, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. As of December 31, 2023, we had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $9.5 million for the operational milestones that were considered not probable of achievement. During 2023, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.3 million related to the 2023 Performance Option Awards.

Equity‑based compensation cost that has been included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income amounted to $5.8 million, $5.9 million, and $4.8 millionfor the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. An excess income tax benefit of $0.1 million, $0.5 million and $17.6 million was recognized in the consolidated statements of income for equity‑based compensation arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 10. Earnings per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except for voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled toone vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled toten votes per share and is convertible at any time intoone share of Class A common stock.

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, inclusive of the effect of dilutive stock options and RSUs. The undistributed earnings are allocated based on the participation rights of shares of Class A and Class B common stock as if the earnings for the year have been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for both classes, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis.

The calculation of diluted earnings per share for Class A common stock assumes the conversion of Class B common stock, while diluted earnings per share of Class B common stock does not assume the conversion of Class A common stock as Class A common stock is not convertible into Class B common stock. Similarly, outstanding options to purchase Class B common stock and RSUs that are dilutive are included in the calculation of diluted earnings for both Class A and Class B common stock.

In August 2023, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $100 million of our outstanding Class A common stock. Repurchases during any given fiscal period under the repurchase program reduce the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

The following have been excluded from the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

Note 11. Stock Repurchase Program

In August 2023, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $100 million of our outstanding Class A common stock. The timing and amount of any stock repurchases is determined based on market conditions, stock price and other factors, and the program does not require us to repurchase any specific number of shares of Class A common stock. The program has no expiration date but it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time. The stock repurchase program is funded from available cash and cash equivalents. All repurchased shares under the share repurchase program will be retired. During 2023, we repurchased and retired 2,198,854 shares of Class A common stock for a total cost of $30.6 million, exclusive of broker fees and excise tax, at an average price of $13.91 per share. Broker fees and excise taxes incurred on share repurchases represent direct costs of the repurchase and are recorded as part of the cost basis.

Note 12. Segment Information

We havetwo reportable segments, REVOLVE and FWRD, each offering apparel, shoes, accessories, beauty and home products available for sale to customers through their respective websites. Our reportable segments have been identified based on how our chief operating decision makers manage our business, make operating decisions, and evaluate operating performance. Our chief operating decision makers are our co-chief executive officers. We evaluate the performance of our reportable segments based on net sales and gross profit. Management does not evaluate the performance of our reportable segments using asset measures. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no customer represented over 10% of net sales.

The following tables summarize our net sales and gross profit for each of our reportable segments (in thousands):

All of our long-lived assets and goodwill are located in the United States as of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The following table lists net sales by geographic area (in thousands):

(1)

No individual country exceeded 10% of total net sales for any period presented.

The following tables summarize net sales and percentage of net sales by product category for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

(1)

Includes deferred revenue, shipping revenue and other revenue.

Note 13. Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):