SITE Centers Corp

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

SITE Centers Corp. and its related consolidated real estate subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “SITE Centers”) and unconsolidated joint ventures are primarily engaged in the business of owning, leasing, acquiring, redeveloping, developing and managing shopping centers. Unless otherwise provided, references herein to the Company or SITE Centers include SITE Centers Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company’s tenant base includes a mixture of national and regional retail chains and local tenants. Consequently, the Company’s credit risk is primarily concentrated in the retail industry.

Amounts relating to the number of properties, joint ventures’ interests and acreage are unaudited.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and all entities in which the Company has a controlling interest or has been determined to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in real estate joint ventures in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have financial or operating control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, the Company’s share of the earnings (or loss) of these joint ventures is included in consolidated net income (loss).

Statements of Cash Flows and Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Information

Non-cash investing and financing activities are summarized as follows (in millions):

Real Estate

Real estate assets, which include construction in progress and undeveloped land, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

The Company periodically assesses the useful lives of its depreciable real estate assets and accounts for any revisions, which are not material for the periods presented, prospectively. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Significant expenditures that improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized.

Construction in Progress and Land includes undeveloped land, as well as construction in progress related to shopping center developments and expansions. The Company capitalized certain direct costs (salaries and related personnel) and incremental internal construction costs of $3.2 million, $4.0 million and $3.1 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Purchase Price Accounting

The Company’s acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions, and the Company capitalized the acquisition costs incurred. Upon acquisition of properties, the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, building and improvements and intangibles, generally including above- and below-market leases and in-place leases. The Company allocates the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a gross basis based on their relative fair values at the date of acquisition.

The fair value of land of an acquired property considers the value of land as if the site was unimproved based on comparable market transactions. The fair value of the building is determined as if it were vacant by applying a capitalization rate to property net operating income based upon market leasing assumptions. Above- and below-market lease values are calculated based on the present value (using a discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between contractual rents and estimated market rents, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the remaining term plus the estimated term of any below-market, renewal options for below-market leases. The capitalized above- and below-market lease values are amortized to base rental revenue over the related lease term plus fixed-rate renewal options, as appropriate. The value of acquired in-place leases is recorded based on the present value of the estimated gross monthly market rental rate for each individual lease multiplied by the estimated period of time it would take to lease the space to a new tenant. Such amounts are amortized to expense over the remaining initial lease term.

Real Estate Impairment Assessment

The Company reviews its individual real estate assets, including undeveloped land and construction in progress, and intangibles for potential impairment indicators whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment indicators are primarily related to changes in estimated hold periods and significant, prolonged decreases in projected cash flows; however, other impairment indicators could occur. Decreases in cash flows may be caused by declines in occupancy, projected losses on potential future sales, market factors, significant changes in projected development costs or completion dates and sustainability of development projects. An asset with impairment indicators is considered impaired when the undiscounted future cash flows are not sufficient to recover the asset’s carrying value. The determination of anticipated undiscounted cash flows is inherently subjective, requiring significant estimates made by management, and considers the most likely expected course of action at the balance sheet date based on current plans, intended holding periods and available market information. For operational real estate assets, the significant valuation assumptions included the capitalization rate used in the income capitalization valuation, as well as the projected property net operating income. If the Company is evaluating the potential sale of an asset, the undiscounted future cash flows analysis is probability-weighted based upon management’s best estimate of the likelihood of the alternative courses of action as of the balance sheet date. If an asset’s carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value. The Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $2.5 million and $7.3 million, related to consolidated real estate investments, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (Note 12).

Disposition of Real Estate and Real Estate Investments

Sales of nonfinancial assets, such as real estate, are recognized when control of the asset transfers to the buyer, which will occur when the buyer has the ability to direct the use of, or obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the asset. This generally occurs when the transaction closes and consideration is exchanged for control of the asset.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company received gross proceeds of $854.5 million and $213.6 million, respectively, from the sale of 17 andfive wholly-owned shopping centers and various outparcels, respectively, resulting in gain on dispositions of $219.0 million and $46.6 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received gross proceeds of $31.2 million from the sale of land and outparcels resulting in gain on disposition of $6.1 million.

A discontinued operation includes only the disposal of a component of an entity and represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s financial results. The disposition of the Company’s individual properties did not qualify for discontinued operations presentation, and thus, the results of the properties that have been sold remain in income from continuing operations, and any associated gains or losses from the disposition are included in Gain on Disposition of Real Estate.

Real Estate Held for Sale

The Company generally considers assets to be held for sale when management believes that a sale is probable within a year. This generally occurs when a sales contract is executed with no substantive contingencies and the prospective buyer has significant funds at risk. Assets that are classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell. The Company evaluated its property portfolio and did not identify any properties that would meet the above-mentioned criteria for held for sale as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Interest and Real Estate Taxes

Interest and real estate taxes incurred relating to the construction and redevelopment of shopping centers are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the building. This includes interest incurred on funds invested in or advanced to unconsolidated joint ventures with qualifying development activities. The Company will cease the capitalization of these costs when construction activities are substantially completed and the property is available for occupancy by tenants. If the Company suspends substantially all activities related to development of a qualifying asset, the Company will cease capitalization of interest and taxes until activities are resumed.

Interest paid during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 aggregated $76.3 million, $71.3 million and $70.2 million, respectively, of which $1.2 million, $1.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, was capitalized.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash deposits with major financial institutions, which from time to time may exceed federally insured limits. The Company periodically assesses the financial condition of these institutions and believes that the risk of loss is minimal.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts on deposit with financial institutions primarily for debt service payments, real estate taxes, capital improvements and operating reserves as required pursuant to the respective loan agreement. Included in restricted cash was cash generated from asset sale proceeds that is available to fund future qualifying acquisitions as part of a forward like-kind exchange transaction. For purposes of the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows, changes in restricted cash are aggregated with cash and cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

The Company makes estimates of the collectability of its accounts receivable related to base rents, including straight-line rentals, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income. Rental income has been reduced for amounts the Company believes are not probable of being collected. The Company analyzes tenant credit worthiness, as well as current economic and tenant-specific sector trends when evaluating the probability of collection of accounts receivable. In evaluating tenant credit worthiness, the Company’s assessment may include a review of payment history, tenant sales performance and financial position. For larger national tenants, the Company also evaluates projected liquidity, as well as the tenant’s access to capital and the overall health of the particular sector. In addition, with respect to tenants in bankruptcy, the Company makes estimates of the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims in assessing the probability of collection of the related receivable. The time to resolve these claims may exceed one year. These estimates have a direct impact on the Company’s earnings because once the amount is not considered probable of being collected, earnings are reduced by a corresponding amount until the receivable is collected. See discussion below under Revenue Recognition regarding cash-basis tenants.

Accounts receivable, excluding straight-line rents receivable, do not include estimated amounts not probable of being collected (including contract disputes) of $0.7 million and $1.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accounts receivable are generally expected to be collected within one year. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, straight-line rents receivable, net of a provision for uncollectible amounts of $1.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively, aggregated $29.2 million and $31.9 million, respectively.

Investments in and Advances to Joint Ventures

To the extent that the Company’s cost basis in an unconsolidated joint venture is different from the basis reflected at the joint venture level, the basis difference is amortized over the life of the related assets and included in the Company’s share of equity in net income (loss) of the joint venture and, if the related asset is sold, the basis difference is written off. Periodically, management assesses whether there are any indicators that the value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures may be impaired. An investment is impaired only if the Company’s estimate of the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment and such difference is deemed to be other than temporary. Investment impairment charges create a basis difference between the Company’s share of accumulated equity as compared to the investment balance of the respective unconsolidated joint venture. The Company allocates the aggregate impairment charge to each of the respective properties owned by the joint venture on a relative fair value basis and amortizes this basis differential as an adjustment to the equity in net income (loss) recorded by the Company over the estimated remaining useful lives of the underlying assets.

Deferred Charges

External costs and fees incurred in obtaining indebtedness are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the related debt liability. Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s revolving credit facility remain classified as an asset on the consolidated balance sheets as these costs are, at the outset, not associated with an outstanding borrowing. The aggregate costs are amortized over the terms of the related debt agreements. Such amortization is reflected in Interest Expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Treasury Shares

The Company’s share repurchases are reflected as treasury shares utilizing the cost method of accounting and are presented as a reduction to consolidated shareholders’ equity. Reissuance of the Company’s treasury shares at an amount below cost is recorded as a charge to paid-in capital due to the Company’s cumulative distributions in excess of net income.

Revenue Recognition

For the real estate industry, leasing transactions are not within the scope of the revenue standard. A majority of the Company’s tenant-related revenue is recognized pursuant to lease agreements and is governed by the leasing guidance. Lease commission revenue is generally recognized in its entirety upon lease execution.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Revenue

During 2022 and 2021, the Company continued to experience an impact on its rental income related to the COVID-19 pandemic primarily and the benefit associated with the receipt of rental income in the respective years related to prior periods. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded net uncollectible revenue that resulted in rental income of $1.4 million primarily due to rental income paid in 2022 related to outstanding amounts owed for prior periods from tenants on the cash basis of accounting. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded net uncollectible revenue that resulted in rental income of $9.4 million (the Company’s share of unconsolidated joint ventures was $1.6 million), primarily due to rental income paid in 2021 related to outstanding amounts owed from tenants on the cash basis of accounting that were contractually due in 2020. These amounts also include reductions in contractual rental payments due from tenants as compared to pre-modification payments due to the impact of lease modifications, with a partial increase in straight-line rent to offset a portion of the impact on net income.

Rental Income

Rental Income on the consolidated statements of operations includes contractual lease payments that generally consist of the following:

•

Fixed-lease payments, which include fixed payments associated with expense reimbursements from tenants for common area maintenance, taxes and insurance from tenants in shopping centers and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the lease, which generally ranges fromone month to 30 years, and include the effects of applicable rent steps and abatements.

•

Variable lease payments, which include percentage and overage income, recognized after a tenant’s reported sales have exceeded the applicable sales breakpoint set forth in the applicable lease.

•

Variable lease payments associated with expense reimbursements from tenants for common area maintenance, taxes, insurance and other property operating expenses, based upon the tenant’s lease provisions, which are recognized in the period the related expenses are incurred.

•

Lease termination payments, which are recognized upon the effective termination of a tenant’s lease when the Company has no further obligations under the lease.

•

Ancillary and other property-related rental payments, primarily composed of leasing vacant space to temporary tenants, kiosk income, and parking income, which are recognized in the period earned.

For those tenants where the Company is unable to assert that collection of amounts due over the lease term is probable, regardless if the Company has entered into a deferral agreement to extend the payment terms, the Company has categorized these tenants on the cash basis of accounting. As a result, all existing accounts receivable relating to these tenants have been reserved in full, including straight-line rental income, and no rental income is recognized from such tenants once they have been placed on the cash basis of accounting until payments are received. The Company will remove the cash basis designation and resume recording rental income from such tenants on a straight-line basis at such time it believes collection from the tenants is probable based upon a demonstrated payment history, improved liquidity, the addition of credit-worthy guarantors or a recapitalization event.

Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The Company’s revenues from contracts with customers generally relate to asset and property management fees, leasing commissions, development fees and disposition fees generated from asset sales at Retail Value Inc. (“RVI”). These revenues are derived from the Company’s management agreements with unconsolidated joint ventures and RVI, and in the case of unconsolidated joint ventures, are recognized to the extent attributable to the unaffiliated ownership in the unconsolidated joint venture to which it relates. Termination rights under these contracts vary by contract but generally include termination for cause by either party, or generally due to sale of the property.

Asset and Property Management Fees

Asset and property management services include property maintenance, tenant coordination, accounting and financial services. Asset and property management services represent a series of distinct daily services. Accordingly, the Company satisfies the performance obligation as services are rendered over time.

The Company is compensated for property management services through a monthly management fee, which is typically earned based on a specified percentage of the monthly rental receipts generated from the property under management. The Company is compensated for asset management services through a fee that is billed to the customer monthly and recognized as revenue monthly as the services are rendered, based on a percentage of aggregate asset value or capital contributions for assets under management at the end of the quarter.

In 2023, 2022 and 2021, the asset management fees earned under the RVI external management agreement were $0.2 million, $0.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively.

Property Leasing

The Company provides strategic advice and execution to third parties, including certain joint ventures, in connection with the leasing of retail space. The Company is compensated for services in the form of a commission. The commission is paid upon the occurrence of certain contractual events that may be contingent. For example, a portion of the commission may be paid upon execution of the lease by the tenant, with the remaining paid upon occurrence of another future contingent event (e.g., payment of first month’s rent or tenant move-in). The Company typically satisfies its performance obligation at a point in time when control is transferred, generally at the time of the first contractual event where there is a present right to payment. The Company looks to history, experience with a customer and deal-specific considerations to support its judgment that the second contingency will be met. Therefore, the Company typically accelerates the recognition of revenue associated with the second contingent event (if any) to the point in time when control of its service is transferred.

Fees from RVI

Through mid-2022 and prior to the sale of the remaining asset, pursuant to management agreements with RVI, the Company provided RVI with day-to-day management, subject to supervision and certain discretionary limits and authorities granted by the RVI Board of Directors. RVI does not have any employees.

Fee and Other Income

Revenue from contracts with customers and other property-related income and is recognized in the period earned as follows (in thousands):

Leases

The Company’s accounting policies include the following:

•

As a lessee — short-term lease exception for certain of the Company’s office leases;

•

As a lessor — to include operating lease liabilities in the asset group and include the associated operating lease payments in the undiscounted cash flows when considering recoverability of a long-lived asset group and

•

As a lessor — to exclude from lease payments taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with lease revenue-producing activity and collected by the lessor from the lessee (e.g., sales tax).

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not include an implicit rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date of the standard in determining the present value of lease payments. For each lease, the Company utilized a market-based approach to estimate the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”), which required significant judgment. The Company estimated base IBRs based on an analysis of (i) yields on the Company’s outstanding public debt, as well as that of comparable companies, (ii) observable mortgage rates and (iii) unlevered property yields and discount rates. The Company applied adjustments to the base IBRs to account for full collateralization and lease term. Operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made. The Company has options to extend certain of the ground and office leases; however, these options were not considered as part of the lease term when calculating the lease liability, as they were not reasonably certain to be exercised. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include certain internal leasing and legal salaries and related expenses associated with the re-leasing of existing space, which are charged to operations as incurred.

Equity-Based Plans

Compensation cost relating to stock-based payment transactions classified as equity is recognized in the financial statements based upon the grant date fair value. The forfeiture rate is based on actual experience. Stock-based compensation cost recognized by the Company was $7.1 million, $6.8 million and $13.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company has made an election to qualify, and believes it is operating so as to qualify, as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax, provided that it makes distributions to its shareholders equal to at least the amount of its REIT taxable income as defined under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and continues to satisfy certain other requirements.

In connection with the REIT Modernization Act, the Company is permitted to participate in certain activities and still maintain its qualification as a REIT, so long as these activities are conducted in entities that elect to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (a “TRS”) under the Code. As such, the Company is subject to federal and state income taxes on the income from these activities.

In the normal course of business, the Company or one or more of its subsidiaries is subject to examination by federal, state and local tax jurisdictions, as well as certain jurisdictions outside the United States, in which it operates, where applicable. The Company expects to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as income tax expense. For the three years ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized no material adjustments regarding its tax accounting treatment for uncertain tax provisions. As of December 31, 2023, the tax years that remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions under applicable statutes of limitations are generally the year 2020 and forward.

Deferred Tax Assets

The Company accounts for income taxes related to its TRS under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the income statement in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is recorded against the deferred tax assets when the Company determines that an uncertainty exists regarding their realization, which would eliminate the benefit of deferred tax assets or increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including forecasts of future taxable income, the reversal of other existing temporary differences, available net operating loss carryforwards, tax planning strategies and recent results of operations. Several of these considerations require assumptions and significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and must be consistent with the plans and estimates that the Company is utilizing to manage its business. As a result, to the extent facts and circumstances change, an assessment of the need for a valuation allowance should be made.

Segments

The Company’s chief operating decision maker may review operational and financial data on a property basis and does not differentiate among properties on a geographical basis for purposes of allocating resources or capital. The Company evaluates individual property performance primarily based on net operating income before depreciation, amortization and certain nonrecurring items. Each consolidated property is considered a separate operating segment; however, each shopping center, on a stand-alone basis, represents less than 10% of revenues, profit or loss, and assets of the combined reported operating segment and meets the majority of the aggregations criteria under the applicable standard.

Derivative and Hedging Activities

The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and

qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even if hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The standard Fair Value Measurements specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based upon whether the inputs to those valuation techniques reflect assumptions other market participants would use based upon market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs). The following summarizes the fair value hierarchy:

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

In 2023, the Company acquired the following convenience centers (in millions):

In 2022, the Company acquired the following convenience centers (in millions):

(A)

Acquired its joint venture partner's 80% equity interest from the DDRM Joint Venture. This asset included a convenience center component. The purchase price was $44.5 million at 100% (or $35.6 million at 80%).

The fair value of the acquisitions was allocated as follows (in thousands):

(A)

Depreciated in accordance with the Company’s policy (Note 1).

(A)

The significant inputs used to value the previously held equity interests were determined to be Level 3. In 2022, the weighted-average discount rate applied to cash flows was approximately 8.0%, and the weighted-average residual capitalization rate applied was approximately 6.0%.

Included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations are $6.3 million, $18.4 million and $3.9 million in total revenues from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for properties acquired during each of the respective years.

Investments in and Advances to Joint Ventures

The Company’s equity method joint ventures, which are included in Investments in and Advances to Joint Ventures in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023, are as follows:

Condensed combined financial information of the Company’s unconsolidated joint venture investments is as follows (in thousands):

(a)

The difference between the Company’s share of net income, as reported above, and the amounts included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations is attributable to the amortization of basis differentials, the recognition of deferred gains and differences in gain (loss) on sale of certain assets recognized due to the basis differentials.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on revenues in 2021 for the Company’s joint ventures is more fully described in Note 1.

Revenues earned by the Company related to all of the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures are as follows (in millions):

The Company’s joint venture agreements generally include provisions whereby each partner has the right to trigger a purchase or sale of its interest in the joint venture or to initiate a purchase or sale of the properties after a certain number of years or if either party is in default of the joint venture agreements. The Company is not obligated to purchase the interests of its outside joint venture partners under these provisions.

Disposition of Joint Venture Assets

In addition to the transactions below, the Company’s joint ventures sold five,16 andsix shopping centers and land parcels for an aggregate sales price of $112.2 million, $439.2 million and $135.5 million, respectively, of which the Company’s share of the gain on sale was $6.7 million, $27.0 million and $36.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Disposition of Joint Venture Interests

In 2022, the Company acquired its joint venture partner's 80% equity interest inone asset owned by the DDRM Joint Venture (Casselberry Commons, Casselberry, Florida) for $35.6 million and stepped up the previous 20% interest due to change in control. The transaction resulted in Gain on Change in Control of Interests of $3.3 million (Note 2).

In 2022, the Company sold its 20% interest in the SAU Joint Venture to its partner based on a gross asset value of $155.7 million (at 100%). In addition, the Company sold its 50% interest in Lennox Town Center to its partner based on a gross asset value of $77.0 million (at 100%). These transactions resulted in Gain on Sale of Interests of $42.2 million.

In 2021, one of the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures sold its sole asset, which was a parcel of undeveloped land in Richmond Hill, Ontario. The Company’s share of net proceeds totaled $22.1 million, after accounting for customary closing costs and foreign currency translation but before income tax. The Company recorded an aggregate gain on the transaction of $14.9 million, which included its $2.8 million share of the gain reported by the joint venture, as well as $12.1 million related to the Company’spromoted interest on the disposition of the investment net of the write-off of the accumulated foreign currency translation and contingent estimated income taxes. In 2023, theincome tax contingencies were resolved and the Company recorded a Gain on Sale and Change in Control of Interests of $3.7 million. Subsequent to the transaction, the Company has no other investments outside the United States.

In 2021, the Company acquired the 80% equity interest insix assets owned by the DDRM Joint Venture for $107.2 million and stepped up the previous 20% interest due to change in control, with $73.9 million of mortgage debt related to the properties repaid at closing. The transaction resulted in a Gain on Sale and Change in Control of Interests of $7.2 million. In connection with estimating the fair value of the net assets acquired from the DDRM Joint Venture, the fair value of each property was estimated, and the aggregate gross fair value of the properties acquired was estimated to be $134.0 million (at 100%) based on the consideration paid for the partner's interest. The valuation technique used to value the properties was a discounted cash flow analysis for each property. The discounted cash flow analyses used to estimate the fair value of properties acquired involves significant estimates and assumptions, including discount rates, exit capitalization rates and certain market leasing assumptions.

All transactions with the Company’s equity affiliates are described above.

Other Assets and Intangibles, net

Other assets and intangibles consist of the following (in thousands):

(A)

Operating lease ROU assets are discussed further in Note 5.

(B)

Fees related to a commitment in October 2023 for a lender to provide a $1.1 billion mortgage facility secured by 40 properties (the “Mortgage Facility”). At December 31, 2023, the fees paid are recorded as a deferred fee as the facility has not closed and therefore no amounts have been drawn. The Company may proceed to close and draw all or a portion of the Mortgage Facility on any date prior to October 25, 2024, subject to the satisfaction of various closing conditions. Once amounts are drawn on the facility, the fees will be classified as a contra asset to the borrowings and amortized over the life of the facility. If it becomes probable that the debt, or a portion of the debt, will not be drawn upon, the commitment fees, or a portion of the commitment fees will be expensed.

(C)

Change as a result of the write-off of unamortized below-market lease intangibles due to the early termination of tenant leases of $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangibles, excluding above- and below-market leases, was as follows (in millions):

Estimated net future amortization associated with the Company’s intangibles is as follows (in millions):

Leases

Lessee

The Company is engaged in the operation of shopping centers that are either owned or, with respect to certain shopping centers, operated under long-term ground leases that expire at various dates through 2070. The Company also leases office space in the ordinary course of business under lease agreements that expire at various dates through 2030. Certain of the lease agreements include variable payments for reimbursement of common area expenses. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception.

Operating lease ROU (“right of use”) assets and operating lease liabilities are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

Operating lease expenses, including straight-line expense, included in Operating and Maintenance Expense for the Company’s ground leases and General and Administrative expense for its office leases are as follows (in thousands):

(A)

Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:

As determined under Topic 842, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows for the years ended December 31, (in thousands):

Lessor

Space in the Company’s shopping centers is leased to tenants pursuant to agreements that provide for terms generally ranging from one month to 30 years and for rents which, in some cases, are subject to upward adjustments based on operating expense levels, sales volume or contractual increases as defined in the lease agreements.

The scheduled future minimum rental income from rental properties under the terms of all non-cancelable tenant leases (including those on the cash basis), assuming no new or renegotiated leases or option extensions, as determined under Topic 842 for such premises for the years ending December 31, were as follows (in thousands):

Revolving Credit Facility

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company hadno borrowings outstanding on its Revolving Credit Facility.

The Company maintains a revolving credit facility with a syndicate of financial institutions and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Revolving Credit Facility provides for borrowings of up to $950 million if certain borrowing conditions are satisfied, and an accordion feature for expansion of availability up to $1.45 billion, provided that new lenders agree to the existing terms of the facility or existing lenders increase their commitment level and subject to other customary conditions precedent. The Revolving Credit Facility maturity date is June 2026 subject to two six-month options to extend the maturity to June 2027 upon the Company’s request (subject to satisfaction of certain conditions).

The Company’s borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at variable rates at the Company’s election, based on either (i) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) rate plus a 10 basis-point spread adjustment plus an applicable margin (0.85% at December 31, 2023), or (ii) the alternative base rate plus an applicable margin (0% at December 31, 2023). The Revolving Credit Facility also provides for an annual facility fee, which was 20 basis points on the entire facility at December 31, 2023. The applicable margins and facility fee vary depending on the Company’s long-term senior unsecured debt ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch (or their respective successors). The Revolving Credit Facility also features a sustainability-linked pricing component whereby the applicable interest-rate margin can be adjusted by one or two basis points if the Company meets certain sustainability performance targets. The Company is required to comply with certain covenants under the Revolving Credit Facility relating to total outstanding indebtedness, secured indebtedness, value of unencumbered real estate assets and fixed-charge coverage. The Company was in compliance with these financial covenants at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Unsecured and Secured Indebtedness

The following table discloses certain information regarding the Company’s unsecured and secured indebtedness (in millions):

(A)

The interest rates reflected above for the senior notes represent the range of the coupon rate of the notes outstanding. All other interest rates presented are a weighted average of the outstanding debt. Interest rate on variable-rate debt was calculated using the base rate and spreads effective December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(B)

Effective interest rates ranged from 3.8% to 4.8% as of December 31, 2023 and from 3.5% to 4.8% as of December 31, 2022.

(C)

Reflects the utilization of a swap, which caps the variable-rate (SOFR) interest rate at 2.75%, plus a 10-basis point credit spread adjustment plus the applicable margin (0.95% at both December 31,2023 and 2022), which is based on the Company’s long-term unsecured debt rating as described below.

Senior Notes

The Company’s various fixed-rate senior notes have interest coupon rates that averaged 4.2% and 4.1% per annum at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The senior notes may be redeemed prior to maturity based upon a yield maintenance calculation (Note 8). The fixed-rate senior notes were issued pursuant to indentures that contain certain covenants, including limitations on incurrence of debt, maintenance of unencumbered real estate assets and debt service coverage. The covenants also provide that the cumulative dividends declared or paid from December 31, 1993, through the end of the current period cannot exceed Funds From Operations (as defined in the agreement) plus an additional $20.0 million for the same period unless required to maintain REIT status. Interest is paid semiannually in arrears. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants under the indentures.

Term Loan

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s Term Loan (as defined below) had outstanding borrowings of $200.0 million, all of which have been converted to a fixed interest rate of 3.8% through the utilization of a swap (Note 8).

In 2022, the Company amended and restated its $100 million unsecured term loan with a syndicate of financial institutions and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “Term Loan”) to, among other things, (i) modify the financial covenants and certain other provisions contained therein in a manner consistent with the amendments made to the Revolving Credit Facility, (ii) extend the maturity date to June 2027, (iii) add a $100 million delayed draw feature (that was drawn upon in June 2022) and (iv) change the interest rate benchmark from LIBOR to SOFR. The Term Loan bears interest at variable rates equal to (i) the SOFR rate plus a 10-basis point credit spread adjustment plus an applicable margin (0.95% at December 31, 2023) or (ii) the alternative base rate plus an applicable margin (0.0% at December 31, 2023). The applicable margins vary depending on the Company’s long-term senior unsecured debt ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch (or their respective successors). In August 2022, the variable-rate (SOFR) component of the interest rate applicable to $200 million of the Term Loan was converted to a fixed rate of 2.75% through the loan's maturity date. The Company may increase the principal amount of the Term Loan in the future to up to $800 millionin the aggregate provided that existing or new lenders are identified to provide additional loan commitments and subject to other customary conditions precedent. The Term Loan also features a sustainability-linked pricing component whereby the applicable interest rate margin can be adjusted by one to two basis points if the Company meets certain sustainability performance targets. The Company is required to comply with covenants similar to those contained in the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company was in compliance with these financial covenants at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Mortgages Payable

Mortgages payable, collateralized by real estate with a net book value of $119.9 million at December 31, 2023, and related tenant leases are generally due in monthly installments of principal and/or interest. Fixed contractual interest rates on mortgages payable range from approximately 3.8% to 6.7% per annum.

Scheduled Principal Repayments

The scheduled principal repayments of the Revolving Credit Facility ($0 at December 31, 2023, Note 6) and unsec ured and secured indebtedness, excluding extension options, as of December 31, 2023, were as follows (in thousands):

Total gross fees paid by the Company for its revolving credit facilities and term loans in 2023, 2022 and 2021 aggregated $2.1 million, $2.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures of financial instruments.

Measurement of Fair Value

At December 31, 2023, the Company used a pay-fixed interest rate swap to manage some of its exposure to changes in benchmark-interest rates. The estimated fair value was determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. In addition, credit valuation adjustments, which consider the impact of any credit enhancements to the contract, are incorporated in the fair value to account for potential non-performance risk, including the Company’s own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk. The Company determined that the significant inputs used to value its derivative fell within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Items Measured on Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company maintains swap agreements (included in Other Assets) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023. The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques used by the Company to determine such fair value (in millions):

Other Fair Value Instruments

See discussion of fair value considerations of joint venture investments in Note 1.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities

The carrying amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for these financial instruments approximated fair value because of their short-term maturities.

Debt

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures of debt. The fair market value of senior notes is determined using a pricing model to approximate the trading price of the Company’s public debt. The fair market value for all other debt is estimated using a discounted cash flow technique that incorporates future contractual interest and principal payments and a market interest yield curve with adjustments for duration, optionality and risk profile, including the Company’s non-performance risk and loan to value. The Company’s senior notes and all other debt are classified as Level 2 and Level 3, respectively, in the fair value hierarchy.

Considerable judgment is necessary to develop estimated fair values of financial instruments. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the financial instruments.

Carrying values that are different from estimated fair values are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its debt funding and, from time to time, through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the values of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company generally uses swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had one effective swap with a notional amount of $200.0 million, expiring in June 2027, which converts the variable-rate SOFR component of the interest rate applicable to its Term Loan to a fixed rate of 2.75%.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated, and that qualify, as a cash flow hedge is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings, into interest expense, in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. All components of the swap were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The Company expects to reflect within the next 12 months, a decrease to interest expense (and a corresponding increase to earnings) of approximately $3.8 million.

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to the swap if the derivative position has a positive balance. The Company believes it mitigates its credit risk by entering into swaps with major financial institutions. The Company continually monitors and actively manages interest costs on its variable-rate debt portfolio and may enter into additional interest rate swap positions or other derivative interest rate instruments based on market conditions. The Company has not entered, and does not plan to enter, into any derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features

The Company has an agreement with the swap counterparty that contains a provision whereby if the Company defaults on certain of its indebtedness, the Company could also be declared in default on the swap, resulting in an acceleration of payment under the swap.

Derivative – Unsecured Notes

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company entered into swaption agreements with a notional amount aggregating $450.0 million to partially hedge the impact of change in benchmark interest rates to potential yield maintenance premiums of its unsecured notes due in 2027. The swaptions did not qualify for hedge accounting. As a result, these derivative instruments are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at fair market value, with changes in value recorded through earnings as of each balance sheet date until exercise or expiration, in October 2024. Accordingly, the Company reported non-cash income of $2.1 million related to the valuation adjustments associated with these instruments for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal proceedings, which, taken together, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company is also subject to a variety of legal actions for personal injury or property damage arising in the ordinary course of its business, most of which are covered by insurance. While the resolution of all matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the final outcome of such legal proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, financial position or results of operations.

Commitments and Guaranties

In conjunction with the redevelopment of various shopping centers, the Company had entered into commitments with general contractors aggregating approximately $6.7 million for its consolidated properties as of December 31, 2023. These obligations, composed principally of construction contracts, are generally due within 12 to 24 months, as the related construction costs are incurred, and are expected to be financed through operating cash flow, assets sales or borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. These contracts typically can be changed or terminated without penalty.

In connection with the sale oftwo properties, the Company guaranteed additional construction costs to complete re-tenanting work at the properties and deferred maintenance, both of which were recorded as a liability and reduction of gain on sale of real estate aggregating $5.4 million at December 31, 2023. The amount is recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

The Company routinely enters into contracts for the maintenance of its properties. These contracts typically can be canceled upon 30 to 60 days' notice without penalty. At December 31, 2023, the Company had purchase order obligations, typically payable within one year, aggregating approximately $3.4 million related to the maintenance of its properties and general and administrative expenses.

At December 31, 2023, the Company had letters of credit outstanding of $12.9 million. The Company has not recorded any obligation associated with these letters of credit, the majority of which serve as collateral to secure the Company’s obligation to third-party insurers with respect to limited reinsurance provided by the Company’s captive insurance company.

Preferred Shares, Common Shares and Common Shares in Treasury and Non-Controlling Interests

Preferred Shares

The depositary shares, representing the Class A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Class A Preferred Shares”), each represent 1/20 of a Class A Preferred Share and have a liquidation value of $500 per share. The Class A depositary shares are redeemable by the Company.

The Company’s authorized preferred shares consist of the following:

•

750,000 of each: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G, Class H, Class I, Class J and Class K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares, without par value

•

750,000 Non-Cumulative Preferred Shares, without par value

•

2,000,000 Cumulative Voting Preferred Shares, without par value

In 2021, the Company redeemed all $150.0 million aggregate liquidation preference of its 6.250% Class K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (the “Class K Preferred Shares”) at a redemption price of $500 per Class K Preferred Share (or $25.00 per depositary share) plus accrued and unpaid dividends of $7.2049 per Class K Preferred Share (or $0.3602 per depositary share). The Company recorded a charge of $5.1 million to net income attributable to common shareholders, which represents the difference between the redemption price and the carrying amount immediately prior to redemption, which was recorded to additional paid-in capital upon original issuance.

Common Share Dividends

The Company’s aggregate cash dividends declared in 2023 of $0.68 per common share included a special cash dividend of $0.16 per common share attributable to significant dispositions activity consummated in 2023, which was paid on January 12, 2024.

Common Shares Issuance

In the first six months of 2022, the Company settled 2.4 million common shares which were sold on a forward basis under its $250 million continuous equity program, at a weighted-average priceof $15.79 per share before issuance costs resulting in gross proceeds of $38.3 million. In 2021, the Company issued and sold 17.25 million common shares at a weighted-average price of $13.06 per share before issuance costs resulting in net proceeds of $225.3 million.

Common Shares in Treasury

On December 20, 2022, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a new common share repurchase program. Under the terms of the new program, the Company is authorized to purchase up to a maximum value of $100 million of its common shares. In 2023 and late December 2022, the Company repurchased 1.5 million and 0.5 million common shares, respectively, in open market transactions at an aggregate cost of $20.0 million and $6.6 million, respectively, under this new program, all of which settled in 2023 at an aggregate weighted-average price of $13.44 per share. In 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $100 million common share repurchase program all of which was utilized as of December 20, 2022. In 2022, the Company repurchased 3.2 million shares under this program at an aggregate cost of $42.3 million, or a weighted-average price of $13.04 per share. These shares were recorded as Treasury Shares on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Non-Controlling Interests

The Company had 140,633 Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”) outstanding with respect to one partnership at December 31, 2022. In 2023, the Company redeemed these OP Units for cash at an aggregate cost of $1.7 million. The gain on the transaction was reflected as Additional Paid-in Capital in the Company’s Statement of Equity. The OP Units were classified on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as Non-Controlling Interests.

In 2021, the Company acquired its partner’s 33% interest in Paradise Village Gateway (Phoenix, Arizona), which had a value of non-controlling interest of negative $2.1 million for $7.1 million and, in 2022, the Company paid an additional $1.4 million in earnouts, which are reflected as Additional Paid-in Capital in the Company’s Statement of Equity.

Other Comprehensive Income

The changes in Accumulated OCI by component are as follows (in thousands):

(A)

Represents the release of foreign currency translation related to the sale of a parcel of undeveloped land in Richmond Hill, Ontario, owned by one of the Company’s joint ventures (Note 3).

(B)

Classified in Interest Expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

(C)

Includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company on its Term Loan (Note 8) and an unconsolidated joint venture.

Impairment Charges

The Company recorded impairment charges based on the difference between the carrying value of the assets or investments and the estimated fair market value as follows (in millions):

(A)

The impairment charges recorded were triggered by a change in the hold period assumptions.

(B)

Recorded as a result of a tenant exercising a $7.0 million fixed-price purchase option on their building pursuant to the lease agreement. This asset was sold in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The following table presents information about the fair value of real estate that was impaired, and therefore, measured on a fair value basis, along with the related impairment charge. The table also indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques used by the Company to determine such fair value (in millions).

The valuation techniques and unobservable inputs used by the Company to determine fair value measurements were based upon an indicative bid and developed by third-party sources (including offers and comparable sales values), subject to the Company’s corroboration for reasonableness. The Company does not have access to certain unobservable inputs used by these third parties to determine these estimated fair values. Assets where the Company identified an impairment charge, were generally sold within one year of the period in which the impairment charge was recorded.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Employee Benefits

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s equity-based award plans provide for grants to Company employees and directors of incentive and non-qualified options to purchase common shares, rights to receive the appreciation in value of common shares, awards of common shares subject to restrictions on transfer, awards of common shares issuable in the future upon satisfaction of certain conditions and rights to purchase common shares and other awards based on common shares. Under the terms of the plans,1.7 million common shares were available for grant of future awards as of December 31, 2023.

Restricted Share Units

The Board of Directors approved grants to officers of the Company of restricted common share units (“RSUs”) of 0.6 million in 2023,0.1 million in 2022 and 0.4 million in 2021. These grants generally vest in equal annual amounts over athree- tofive-year period. RSUs generally receive cash payments which are equivalent to the cash dividends paid on the Company’s common shares. These grants have a weighted-average fair value at the date of grant ranging from $7.87 to $15.33, which was equal to the market value of the Company’s common shares at the date of grant. As a component of compensation to the Company’s non-employee directors, the Company issued approximately 0.1 million common shares to the non-employee directors for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and 2021. The grant value was equal to the market value of the Company’s common shares at the date of grant, and these common shares were fully vested upon grant.

Performance-Based Restricted Share Units (PRSUs)

In 2023 and 2022, the Board of Directors approved grants to the Company’s four named executive officers and one additional officer. In 2021 and 2020, the Board of Directors approved grants to the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer. And in 2019 and 2018, the Board of Directors approved grants to the chief executive officer. These PRSUs cover a “target” number of shares, subject to three-year performance periods beginning on the respective March 1 and ending after a three-year period on the respective February 28. In addition, in 2020 the Board of Directors approved grants to the chief financial officer covering a “target” number of shares, subject to one-year, and two-year performance periods beginning on March 1, 2020.

The payout of the PRSUs will vary based on relative total shareholder return performance measured over the applicable performance period, with the ultimate payout ranging from a level of 0% of target to a maximum level of 200% of target. In March 2023, the Company issued 559,559 common shares in settlement of PRSUs granted in 2020. In March 2022, the Company issued 519,255 common shares in settlement of certain PRSUs granted in 2019 and 2020. In March 2021, the Company issued 570,295 common shares in settlement of certain PRSUs granted in 2018 and 2020. The 2023 and 2022 grants had a grant date fair value aggregating $3.9 million and the 2021 grants had a grant date fair value aggregating $3.3 million, all to be amortized ratably over the performance period ending three years from the date of grant.

Under the anti-dilution provisions of the Company’s equity incentive plan and the respective PRSU award agreement, the PRSUs issued in March 2018 were adjusted as of the spin-off of RVI, effective July 1, 2018, as determined by the Company’s compensation committee. The number of PRSUs was adjusted so as to retain the same intrinsic value immediately after the spin-off that the PRSU awards had immediately prior to the spin-off. Effective at the date of the spin-off, because these awards were dual-indexed to both the Company’s and RVI’s stock performance, the 2018 PRSU awards were accounted for as liability awards and marked to fair value on a quarterly basis. In 2021, the Company recorded a mark-to-market expense of $5.6 million in connection with these awards that were settled in March 2021.

Summary of Unvested Share Awards

The following table reflects the activity for the unvested awards pursuant to all restricted stock grants:

As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation for the restricted awards granted under the plans as summarized above was $12.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average 1.7-year term, which includes the performance-based and time-based vesting periods.

Stock Options

The Company had 0.2 million,0.2 million and 0.3 million stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, all exercisable, at a weighted-average price of $27.36, $27.31 and $26.96, none of which have any intrinsic value.

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Company maintains a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all of the officers and employees of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the Code. Also, for certain officers, the Company maintains the Elective Deferred Compensation Plan and Equity Deferred Compensation Plan, both non-qualified plans, which permit the deferral of base salaries, commissions and annual performance-based cash bonuses or receipt of restricted shares. In addition, directors of the Company are permitted to defer all or a portion of their fees pursuant to the Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan, a non-qualified plan. All of these plans were fully funded at December 31, 2023.

Earnings Per Share

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income and the number of common shares used in the computations of “basic” earnings per share (“EPS”), which utilizes the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding without regard to dilutive potential common shares, and “diluted” EPS, which includes all such shares (in thousands, except per share amounts).

Basic average shares outstanding do not include restricted shares totaling 1.0 million,0.7 million and 0.9 at years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that were not vested (Note 13).

The following potentially dilutive securities were considered in the calculation of EPS:

•

PRSUs issued to certain executives were considered in the computation of diluted EPS (Note 13) for all years presented.

•

The exchange into common shares associated with OP Units was included in the computation of diluted EPS for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The OP Units were redeemed in 2023 (Note 10).

•

The agreements to offer and sell approximately 2.2 million common shares on a forward basis were considered in the computation of diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2021 (Note 10). These agreements were anti-dilutive in 2022 and not outstanding in 2023.

•

Options to purchase common shares that were outstanding were not considered in the computation of diluted EPS, as the options were anti-dilutive for all years presented (Note 13).

Income Taxes

The Company elected to be treated as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1993. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that the Company distribute at least 90%of its taxable income (excluding net capital gains) to its shareholders. It is management’s current intention to adhere to these requirements and maintain the Company’s REIT status. As a

REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to corporate level federal income tax on taxable income it distributes to its shareholders. As the Company distributed sufficient taxable income for each of thethree years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no U.S. federal income or excise taxes were incurred.

If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain foreign, state and local taxes on its income and property and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed taxable income. In addition, the Company has a TRS that is subject to federal, state and local income taxes on any taxable income generated from its operational activity.

In order to maintain its REIT status, the Company must meet certain income tests to ensure that its gross income consists of passive income and not income from the active conduct of a trade or business. The Company utilizes its TRS to the extent certain fee and other miscellaneous non-real estate-related income cannot be earned by the REIT.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company made net state and local tax payments of $1.8 million and for both of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company made net payments of $0.6 million related to taxes.

The following represents the activity of the Company’s TRS (in thousands):

The differences between total income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to income before taxes with respect to its TRS activity were as follows (in thousands):

Deferred tax assets and liabilities of the Company’s TRS were as follows (in thousands):

(A)

At December 31, 2023, primarily attributable to $20.5 million of net operating losses and $9.8 million of book/tax differences in joint venture investments. At December 31, 2022, primarily attributable to $21.6 million of net operating losses, $10.2 million of book/tax differences in joint venture investments. The TRS net operating loss carryforwards will expire in varying amounts between the years 2024 and 2035, except for approximately $6.8 million and $6.1 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, that does not expire and is limited to 80% of taxable income.

Reconciliation of GAAP net income attributable to SITE Centers to taxable income is as follows (in thousands):

Cash dividends declared applicable to tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were in excess of taxable income.

Subsequent Events

From January 1, 2024 through February 21, 2024, the Company acquiredone convenience center for the purchase price of $10.7 million and soldtwo shopping centers for an aggregate price of $82.4 million.

On January 12, 2024, the Company paid a special dividend of $0.16 per common share to shareholders of record on December 27, 2023.

From January 1, 2024 through February 21, 2024, the Company purchased approximately $29.1 million aggregate principal amount of its outstanding senior unsecured notes due in 2025 for a total consideration including expenses of $28.7 million.