PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC

Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B., established in 1956, is a financial services company committed to serving consumers and small to mid-sized businesses in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. The Bank conducts its business

operations as Provident Bank and through its subsidiary, PFC. The business activities of the Corporation, primarily through the Bank, consist of community banking and, to a lesser degree, investment services for customers and trustee services on behalf of the Bank.

Community banking operations primarily consist of accepting deposits from customers within the communities surrounding the Bank’s full service offices and investing those funds in single-family, multi-family and commercial real estate loans. Also, to a lesser extent, the Bank originates construction, commercial business, consumer and other mortgage loans. The primary source of income in community banking is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on loans and investment securities, and the interest expense paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds. Additionally, certain fees are collected from depositors, such as returned check fees, deposit account service charges, ATM fees, IRA/KEOGH fees, safe deposit box fees, wire transfer fees and overdraft protection fees, among others.

The Corporation plans to enhance its community banking business by moderately increasing its total assets, focusing on expanding single-family, multi-family, commercial real estate, construction, and commercial business loans. Additionally, the Corporation aims to reduce the percentage of retail time deposits in its deposit base while increasing the proportion of lower-cost checking and savings accounts. To diversify its deposit funding base, the Corporation will consider utilizing brokered certificates of deposit and public funds, subject to market conditions and funding needs. This strategy is designed to improve core revenue by achieving a higher net interest margin and, combined with the Corporation’s growth, ultimately increase net interest income. While the Corporation’s long-term strategy targets moderate growth, management acknowledges that this growth may be influenced by general economic conditions and other factors.

Investment services operations primarily consist of selling alternative investment products such as annuities and mutual funds to the Bank’s depositors. Investment services and trustee services contribute a very small percentage to gross revenue.

PFC performs trustee services for the Bank’s real estate secured loan transactions and has in the past held, and may in the future hold, real estate for investment.

There are a number of risks associated with the business activities of the Corporation, many of which are beyond the Corporation’s control, including: changes in accounting principles, laws, regulation, interest rates and the economy, among others. The Corporation attempts to mitigate many of these risks through prudent banking practices, such as interest rate risk management, credit risk management, operational risk management, and liquidity risk management.

The California economic environment presents heightened risk to the Corporation, particularly with respect to real estate values and loan delinquencies. Because the majority of the Corporation’s loans are secured by real estate located in California, significant declines in California property values could limit the Corporation’s ability to recover on defaulted loans through the sale of the underlying collateral. Within commercial real estate, the office sector continues to face elevated risk, driven by higher vacancy rates, slower leasing activity, and downward pressure on rental rates in certain California markets. These trends may negatively affect collateral values and the repayment capacity of borrowers. In response, the Bank has evaluated its existing loans collateralized by office properties for outsized concentrations and has implemented tighter underwriting standards for such collateral. At June 30, 2025, our commercial real estate portfolio totaled $72.8 million, of which $39.5 million, or 54.2%, was secured by various types of office properties, representing 3.8% of the total loan portfolio. While current credit performance within the office segment remains satisfactory, management continues to monitor the portfolio closely in light of evolving market conditions.

The January 2025 wildfires in Los Angeles, California did not have a material direct impact on the Bank’s customers or collateral in our market area. However, those events, along with more recent wildfires in other regions of the state, underscore the ongoing risks wildfires present to our loan portfolio. Potential indirect impacts include increased insurance premiums, stricter underwriting standards, shifts in property values, and localized economic disruptions such as business closures and job losses, all of which could elevate credit risk. Borrowers in affected areas may face financial hardship that could reduce repayment capacity and impair collateral values, particularly where insurance coverage is inadequate or claims are denied. Given the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires associated with climate change, these events could require higher provisions for loan losses. The Corporation remains committed to prudent risk management practices to mitigate potential impacts and support customers in navigating any related financial challenges.

For further details on risk factors and uncertainties, see “Safe-Harbor Statement” included above in this Item 7, and Item 1A, "Risk Factors.”