PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC

December 31, 2024

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The condensed consolidated statement of financial condition at June 30, 2024 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (the "Bank") (collectively, the "Corporation"). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") with respect to interim financial reporting. It is recommended that these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 (“2024 Annual Form 10-K”). The results of operations for the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2025.

Note 2: Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU”)

ASU 2024-03:

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities (“PBEs”) to disclose disaggregated information about specific natural expense categories underlying certain income statement expense line items that are considered relevant expense captions because they include one or more of the five natural expense categories identified in this ASU. Such disclosures must be made on an annual and interim basis in a tabular format in the footnotes to the financial statements. The ASU requires entities to disaggregate any relevant expense caption presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations into the following required natural expense categories, as applicable: (1) purchases of inventory, (2) employee compensation, (3) depreciation, (4) intangible asset amortization, and (5) depreciation, depletion and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities or other depletion expenses. This ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for all PBEs for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing the impact of this ASU and has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2023-09:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires PBEs to annually (a) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (b) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold of equal to or greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing the impact of this ASU and has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2023-07:

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The key amendments include: (a) introduce a new requirement to disclose significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), (b) extend certain annual disclosures to interim periods, (c) clarify single reportable segment entities must apply ASC 280 in its entirety, (d) permit more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions, and (e) require disclosure of the title and position of the CODM. This ASU is effective for public entities fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing the impact of this ASU and has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 3: Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that would then share in the earnings of the Corporation.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were outstanding stock options to purchase 223,000 shares and 430,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 95,000 and 402,000 outstanding stock options, respectively, excluded from the diluted EPS computation as their effect was anti-dilutive. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were outstanding restricted stock awards of 162,200 shares and 51,000 shares, respectively.

The following table provides the basic and diluted EPS computations for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 4: Investment Securities

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024 were as follows:

(1)Mortgage-Backed Securities (“MBS”).

(2)Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMO”).

(3)Small Business Administration (“SBA”).

In the second quarter of fiscal 2025 and 2024, the Corporation received MBS principal payments of $5.3 million and $5.9 million, respectively, and there wereno purchases or sales of investment securities during these periods.

For the first six months of fiscal 2025 and 2024, the Corporation received MBS principal payments of $11.1 million and $12.6 million, respectively, and there wereno purchases or sales of investment securities during these periods.

The Corporation held investments with an unrealized loss position of $13.9 million at December 31, 2024 and $15.8 million at June 30, 2024 as follows:

On quarterly basis, the Corporation evaluates the allowance for credit losses for its investment securities held to maturity and the credit losses for its investment securities held for sale based on ASC 326. At December 31, 2024, most of the $13.9 million of unrealized holding losses were in a loss position for 12 months or more, except $3,000 of unrealized holding losses that were in a loss position for less than 12 months; while at June 30, 2024, all $15.8 million of unrealized holding losses were in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on investment securities were attributable to changes in interest rates relative to when the investment securities were purchased and not due to the credit quality of the

investment securities, which are predominately U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities that are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government and have a long history ofno credit losses. Therefore, the Corporation has determined that the unrealized losses are due to the fluctuating nature of interest rates, and not related to any potential credit risks within the investment portfolio. The Bank does not currently intend to sell any investment securities classified as held to maturity recorded at amortized cost or available for sale recorded at fair market value as prescribed by GAAP. As a part of the Corporation’s monthly risk assessment, the Corporation runs a number of stressed liquidity scenarios to determine if it is more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the investment securities before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. These liquidity scenarios support the Corporation’s assessment that the Corporation has the ability to hold these held to maturity securities until maturity or available for sale securities until recovery of the amortized cost is realized and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost. There wasno allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on investment securities held to maturity and there wasno impairment of investment securities available for sale at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

In order to maintain adequate liquidity, the Bank has established borrowing facilities with various counterparties. The Bank had a remaining borrowing capacity of $246.2 million as of December 31, 2024 at the FHLB of San Francisco. In addition, the Bank has secured an estimated $198.5 million discount window facility at the FRB of San Francisco collateralized by investment securities totaling $115.6 million and loans held for investment totaling $169.6 million as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank also has an unsecured borrowing arrangement in the form of a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank for $50.0 million. The Bank hadno advances under the Federal Reserve discount window or correspondent bank facility as of December 31, 2024. The total remaining available borrowing capacity across all sources totaled approximately $494.7 million at December 31, 2024.

At June 30, 2024, the Bank had a remaining borrowing capacity of $261.3 million at the FHLB of San Francisco. In addition, the Bank had secured an estimated $208.6 million discount window facility at the FRB of San Francisco collateralized by investment securities totaling $126.6 million and loans held for investment totaling $178.6 million at June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank also had an unsecured borrowing arrangement in the form of a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank for $50.0 million. The Bank hadno advances under the Federal Reserve discount window or the correspondent bank facility as of June 30, 2024. The total remaining available borrowing capacity across all sources totaled approximately $519.9 million at June 30, 2024.

At December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Corporation did not hold any investment securities held to maturity or investment securities available for sale with the intent to sell and determined it had the ability to hold these investment securities until maturity. It also determined that it was more likely than not that the Corporation would not be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

Contractual maturities of investment securities as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024 were as follows:

Note 5: Loans Held for Investment

Loans held for investment, net of fair value adjustments, consisted of the following:

The following table sets forth information at December 31, 2024 regarding the dollar amount of loans held for investment that are contractually repricing during the periods indicated, segregated between adjustable rate loans and fixed rate loans. At both December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, fixed rate loans comprised 10 percent of loans held for investment. Adjustable rate loans that reprice when the index they are tied to reprices (e.g. prime rate index) and checking account overdrafts are reported as repricing within one year. The table does not include any estimate of prepayments which may cause the Corporation’s actual repricing experience to differ materially from that shown.

The following tables present the Corporation’s commercial real estate loans by property types and LTVs as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

(1)Current loan balance as a percentage of the original appraised value.

The following tables present the Corporation’s commercial real estate loans by geographic concentration as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

(1)Inland Empire comprised of San Bernardino and Riverside counties.

(2)Other than the Inland Empire.

(2)Other than the Inland Empire.

The Corporation has developed an internal loan grading system to evaluate and quantify loans held for investment with respect to quality and risk. Management continually evaluates the credit quality of the loan portfolio and conducts a quarterly review of the adequacy of the ACL. The Corporation has adopted an internal risk rating policy in which each loan is rated for credit quality with a rating of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss.

The two primary components that are used during the loan review process to determine the proper allowance levels are individually evaluated allowances and collectively evaluated allowances. The collectively evaluated allowance is based on a pooling method for groups of homogeneous loans sharing similar loan characteristics to calculate an allowance which reflects an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Loans identified to be individually evaluated have an allowance that is based upon the appraised value of the collateral, less selling costs or discounted cash flow with an appropriate default factor.

The Corporation categorizes all loans held for investment into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrower to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:

weaknesses, that may jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. A substandard loan is characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

The following table presents the Corporation’s recorded investment in loans by risk categories and gross charge-offs by year of origination as of December 31, 2024:

The following table presents the Corporation’s recorded investment in loans by risk categories by year of origination as of June 30, 2024:

The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the related loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The Corporation’s ACL is calculated quarterly, with changes in the ACL recorded through an entry to the provision for (recovery of) credit losses. Management calculates the quantitative portion of the collectively evaluated allowance for all loan categories using an average charge-off or loss rate methodology and generally evaluates collectively evaluated loans by the Office of Comptroller of the Currency’s Call Report code in order to group and determine portfolio loan segments with similar risk characteristics. The Corporation primarily utilizes historical loss rates for the ACL calculation based on its own specific historical losses and/or with peer loss history where applicable.

The expected loss rates are applied to expected monthly loan balances estimated through the consideration of contractual repayment terms and expected prepayments. The prepayment assumptions applied to expected cash flow over the contractual life of the loans are estimated based on historical and bank-specific experience and the consideration of current and expected conditions and circumstances including the level of interest rates. The prepayment assumptions may be updated by management in the event that changing conditions impact management’s estimate or additional historical data gathered has resulted in the need for a reevaluation.

For its reasonable and supportable forecasting of current expected credit losses, the Corporation utilizes a regression model using forecasted economic metrics and historical loss data. The regression model utilized relies upon reasonable and supportable 12-month forecasts of the National Unemployment Rate and change in the Real Gross Domestic Product, after which it reverts to a historical loss rate. Management selected the National Unemployment Rate and the Real Gross Domestic Product as the drivers of the forward look component of the collectively evaluated allowance, primarily as a result of high correlation coefficients identified in regression modeling, the availability of forecasts, including the quarterly Federal Open Market Committee forecast, and the widespread familiarity of these economic metrics.

Management recognizes that there are additional factors impacting risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond what is captured in the quantitative portion of the allowance on collectively evaluated loans. As current and expected conditions may* vary compared with conditions over the historical lookback period, which is utilized in the calculation of the quantitative allowance, management considers whether additional or reduced allowance levels on collectively evaluated loans may *be warranted, given the consideration of a variety of qualitative factors. The following qualitative factors (“Q-factors”) are considered by management and reflect the regulatory guidance on the Q-factors:

The qualitative portion of the Corporation’s allowance on collectively evaluated loans are calculated using management judgment, to determine risk categorizations in each of the Q-factors presented above. The amount of qualitative allowance is also contingent upon the relative weighting of the Q-factors according to management’s judgment.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. When management determines that foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the expected credit losses are based on the fair value of collateral at the reporting date, less selling costs.

Accrued interest receivable for loans is included in accrued interest receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Corporation elected not* *to measure an allowance for accrued interest receivable and instead elected to reverse accrued interest income on loans that are placed on non-performing status. A loan is deemed non-performing when it is 90 days or more delinquent. The Corporation believes this policy results in the timely reversal of potentially uncollectible interest.

Pursuant to ASU 2022-02, “Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures,” the Corporation may agree to different types of modifications, including principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, term extension, significant payment delay or any combination of modifications noted above. During the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there wereno loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. At December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, there were no loans with modified balances.

Management believes the ACL on loans held for investment is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for expected losses on the Corporation’s loans held for investment based on historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The provision for (recovery of) credit losses is charged (credited) against operations on a quarterly basis, as necessary, to maintain the ACL at appropriate levels. Future adjustments to the ACL may be necessary and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected as a result of economic, operating, regulatory, and other conditions beyond the Corporation’s control.

Non-performing loans are charged-off to their fair market values in the period the loans, or portion thereof, are deemed uncollectible, generally after the loan becomes 150 days delinquent for real estate secured first trust deed loans and 120 days delinquent for commercial business or real estate secured second trust deed loans. For loans that were previously modified from their original terms, were re-underwritten and identified as modified loans, the charge-off occurs when the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; and where borrowers file bankruptcy, the charge-off occurs when the loan becomes 60 days delinquent. The amount of the charge-off is determined by comparing the loan balance to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less disposition costs, with the loan balance in excess of the estimated fair value charged-off against the ACL. For modified loans that are less than 90 days delinquent, the ACL is segregated into (a) individually evaluated allowances for those loans with applicable discounted cash flow calculations still in their modification period, classified lower than pass, and containing an embedded loss component or (b) collectively evaluated allowances based on the aggregated pooling method. For non-performing loans less than 60 days delinquent where the borrower has filed bankruptcy, the collectively evaluated allowances are assigned based on the aggregated pooling method. For non-performing commercial real estate loans, an individually evaluated allowance is derived based on the loan's discounted cash flow fair value (for modified loans) or collateral fair value less estimated selling costs and if the fair value is higher than the loan balance, no allowance is required. A non-performing loan can be restored to accrual status when a borrower is current in payments for six consecutive months.

The following table discloses additional details for the periods indicated on the Corporation’s ACL on loans held for investment:

The following tables denote the past due status of the Corporation's loans held for investment, including interest applied to principals, at the dates indicated.

The following tables summarize the Corporation’s ACL and recorded investment in gross loans, by portfolio type, at the dates and for the periods indicated.