TRINET GROUP INC

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the first quarter ended March 31, 2024, when compared to the same period of 2023. For details of the critical accounting judgments and estimates that could affect our Results of Operations, see the Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates section within the MD&A in Item 7 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

(1) Refer to Non-GAAP measures definitions and reconciliations from GAAP measures under the heading "Non-GAAP Financial Measures".

(2) Total WSEs and Average WSEs include approximately 19,600 and 17,600, respectively, for incremental WSEs that were charged a platform user access fee for the first quarter ended March 31, 2024,. Additionally, Total WSEs and Average WSEs include approximately 5,300 and 5,400, respectively, incremental additional service recipients. These were identified as a result of our ongoing effort to ensure that our billing practices best match the expectations of our customers. For details, refer to the heading "Operating Metrics – Worksite Employees (WSEs).”

The following table summarizes our balance sheet data as of March 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP, we monitor other non-GAAP financial measures that we use to manage our business, to make planning decisions, to allocate resources and to use as performance measures in our executive compensation plan. These key financial measures provide an additional view of our operational performance over the long-term and provide information that we use to maintain and grow our business.

The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is used to enhance the understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance. It is not meant to be considered in isolation from, superior to, or as a substitute for the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(1)Non-GAAP effective tax rate is 25.6% for the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, which excludes the income tax impact from stock-based compensation, changes in uncertain tax positions, and nonrecurring benefits or expenses from federal legislative changes.

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures

The table below presents a reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA:

The table below presents a reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted Net Income:

The table below presents a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to Corporate Operating Cash Flows:

Operating Metrics

Worksite Employees (WSE)

Average WSE change is a volume measure we use to monitor the performance of our PEO business. Our PEO clients generally change their payroll service providers at the beginning of the payroll tax and benefits enrollment year; as a result, we have historically experienced our highest volumes of new PEO clients joining and existing clients terminating in the month of January. PEO client attrition, new PEO client additions and changes in employment levels within our installed PEO client base all impact our Average WSEs and Total WSEs as we move through a calendar year.

We support WSEs from the date on which their co-employment with TriNet commences through the end of their co-employment with TriNet and also after their co-employment period. We define WSEs to include co-employees and other individuals receiving PEO services, such as individuals who receive COBRA benefits post co-employment or are subject to partnership tax reporting as well as individuals who utilize our PEO platform on behalf of TriNet PEO clients. As part of an ongoing effort to ensure that our billing practices best match the expectations of our customers, in the third quarter of 2023 we determined that certain individuals such as those described above and certain co-employees were not previously or consistently counted in Total WSEs and Average WSEs. This resulting adjustment increased our reported Total WSEs by approximately 5,300 for March 31, 2024 and Average WSEs by approximately 5,400 for the first quarter of 2024. We intend to continue our ongoing effort to ensure that our billing practices best match the expectations of our customers and in the future we may identify additional individuals that should be included in Total WSEs and Average WSEs.

In December 2023, we implemented a platform user access fee to charge clients for those users of our PEO platform that may not be co-employed by us and to charge clients for co-employees for whom payroll may not be regularly run. In addition to co-employees for whom payroll may not be regularly run, this includes individuals authorized by our clients to access and use the PEO platform for functions such as bookkeeping and benefits management. The amount of the fee is comparable to the fee we charge for users of our HRIS platform. While the amount of revenue we recognized for this service to date has not been significant, these users of the PEO platform for whose access we charged this fee increased our reported Total WSEs by approximately 19,600 as of March 31, 2024 and Average WSEs by approximately 17,600 for the first quarter of 2024.

The effect of this new fee is that we are now receiving revenue from two types of users on our PEO platform, those that are co-employed in our PEO business and those that are utilizing our PEO platform, albeit in a more limited capacity. The table below illustrates how those two components comprise our Total WSE and Average WSE metrics.

Average WSEs increased 6% when comparing the first quarter of 2024 to the same period in 2023, primarily due to the additional Co-Employed and PEO Platform Users WSEs described above. The growth in Average WSEs was driven by our Main Street, Non-Profit and Financial Services verticals, partially offset by decreases in our Technology and Professional Services verticals.

Total WSEs can be used to estimate our beginning WSEs for the next period and, as a result, can be used as an indicator of our potential future success in generating revenue, growing our business and retaining clients. Total WSEs increased 7% when compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to the additional Co-Employed and PEO Platform Users WSEs described above.

Anticipated revenues for future periods can diverge from the revenue expectation derived from Average WSEs or Total WSEs due to pricing differences across our HCM solutions and services and the degree to which clients and WSEs elect to participate in our solutions during future periods. In addition to focusing on growing our Average WSE

and Total WSE counts, we also focus on pricing strategies, benefit participation and service differentiation to expand the value we provide to our clients and our resulting revenue opportunities. We report the impact of client and WSE participation differences as a change in mix.

We continue to invest in efforts intended to enhance client experience, improve our new sales performance, and manage client attrition, through product development as well as operational and process improvements. As we continue our work in combining our PEO platform and our HRIS SaaS capabilities into a single platform, these various types of TriNet users will all be served from the same platform. In addition to focusing on retaining and growing our WSE base, we continue to review acquisition opportunities that would expand our product offering and provide further scale.

HRIS Users

Average HRIS Users is a volume measure we use to monitor the performance of our cloud-based HRIS services. Average HRIS Users for the first quarter 2024 and 2023, was 195,157, and 231,347, respectively. This decline is being driven by both higher client attrition as compared to new client additions and lower hiring by HRIS clients similar to SMB hiring trends that we have observed in our PEO business.

Insurance Cost Ratio (ICR)

ICR is a performance measure calculated as the ratio of insurance costs to insurance service revenues. We believe that ICR promotes an understanding of our insurance cost trends and our ability to align our relative pricing to risk performance.

We purchase workers' compensation and health benefits coverage for our WSEs. Under the insurance policies for this coverage, we bear claims costs up to a defined deductible amount. Our insurance costs, which comprise a significant portion of our overall costs, are significantly affected by our WSEs’ health and workers' compensation insurance claims experience. We set our insurance service fees for workers’ compensation and health benefits in advance for fixed benefit periods. As a result, increases in insurance costs above our projections, reflected as a higher ICR, result in lower net income. Decreases in insurance costs below our projections, reflected as a lower ICR, result in higher net income, but can be an indicator that insurance costs are developing more slowly than our projections, which are reflected in our fees, and this can have a negative impact over time on client retention and new sales.

Under our fully-insured workers' compensation insurance policies, we assume the risk for losses up to $1 million per claim occurrence (deductible layer). The ultimate cost of the workers’ compensation services provided cannot be known until all the claims are settled. Our ability to predict these costs is limited by unexpected increases in frequency or severity of claims, which can vary due to changes in the cost of treatments or claim settlements.

Under our risk-based health insurance policies, we assume the risk of variability in future health claims costs for our enrollees. This variability typically results from changing trends in the volume, severity and ultimate cost of medical and pharmaceutical claims, due to changes to the components of medical cost trend, which we define as changes in participant use of services, including the introduction of new treatment options, changes in treatment guidelines and mandates, and changes in the mix, cost of providing treatment and timing of services provided to plan participants. These trends change, and other seasonal trends and variability may develop. As a result, it is difficult for us to predict our insurance costs with accuracy and a significant increase in these costs could have a material adverse effect on our business.

ICR increased for the first quarter as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by higher insurance costs. Insurance costs increased due to higher costs associated with medical services utilization, in particular pharmacy costs and outpatient services. This was partially offset by favorable prior period development in workers' compensation.

Total Revenues

Our revenues consist of PSR and ISR. PSR represents fees charged to clients for processing payroll-related transactions on behalf of our PEO and HRIS clients, access to our HR expertise, employment and benefit law compliance services, other HR-related and tax credit filing services and fees charged to access our cloud-based HRIS services. ISR consists of insurance-related billings and administrative fees collected from PEO clients and withheld from WSEs for workers' compensation insurance and health benefit insurance plans provided by third-party insurance carriers.

Monthly total revenues per Average WSE is a measure we use to monitor our PEO pricing strategies. This measure was flat during the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

We also use the following measures to further analyze changes in total revenue:

•Rate - the combined weighted average percentage changes in service fees for each vertical service and changes in service fees associated with each insurance service offering,

•Mix -the change in composition of Average WSEs within our verticals combined with the composition of our enrolled WSEs within our insurance service offerings and the composition of products and services our clients receive, including TriNet Clarus R+D, and

•HRIS - incremental HRIS cloud services revenue.

PSR

ISR - % represents proportion of insurance service revenues to total revenues

*Total revenues generated from PEO services only

The increase in total revenue for the first quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by rate increases, partially offset by lower health plan enrollment.

Operating Income

Our operating income consists of total revenues less insurance costs and OE. Our insurance costs include insurance premiums for coverage provided by insurance carriers, expenses for claims costs and risk management and administrative services, and changes in accrued costs related to contractual obligations with our workers' compensation and health benefit carriers. Our OE consists primarily of our colleagues' compensation related expenses, which includes payroll, payroll taxes, SBC, bonuses, commissions and other payroll-and benefits-related costs.

The table below provides a view of the changes in components of operating income for the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.

Professional Service Revenues

Our PEO and HRIS clients are primarily billed on a fee per WSE or HRIS User per month per transaction. Our vertical approach provides us the flexibility to offer our PEO clients in different industries with varied services at different prices, which we believe potentially reduces the value of solely using Average WSE and Total WSE counts as indicators of future potential revenue performance.

PSR from PEO Services customers and HRIS cloud services clients was as follows:

We also analyze changes in PSR with the following measures:

•Rate - the weighted average percentage change in fees for each vertical,

•Mix - the change in composition of Average WSEs across our verticals and the composition of products and services our clients receive, including TriNet Clarus R+D, and

•HRIS - incremental HRIS cloud services revenue.

The increase in PSR for the first quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by higher Average WSEs and rates, partially offset by changes in composition of Average WSEs across our verticals and the composition of products and services our clients receive, including TriNet Clarus R+D.

Insurance Service Revenues

ISR consists of insurance services-related billings and administrative fees collected from PEO clients and withheld from WSE payroll for health benefits and workers' compensation insurance provided by third-party insurance carriers.

We use the following measures to analyze changes in ISR:

•Rate - the weighted average percentage change in fees associated with each of our insurance service offerings, and

•Mix - all other changes including the composition of our enrolled WSEs within our insurance service offerings (health plan enrollment).

The increase in ISR for the first quarter was primarily driven by rate increases, partially offset by lower health plan enrollment.

Insurance Costs

Insurance costs include insurance premiums for coverage provided by insurance carriers, payments for claims costs and expenses for other risk management and administrative services, reimbursement of claims payments made by insurance carriers or third-party administrators below a predefined deductible limit, and changes in accrued costs related to contractual obligations with our workers' compensation and health benefit carriers.

We use the following measures to analyze changes in insurance costs:

•Rate - the weighted average percentage change in cost trend associated with each of our insurance service offerings, and

•Mix - all other changes including the composition of our enrolled WSEs within our insurance service offerings (health plan enrollment).

Insurance costs increased for the first quarter, primarily due to higher utilization, primarily due to prescription and outpatient services as well as inflationary increases in rates paid for services. This was partially offset by lower health plan enrollment.

Operating Expenses

OE includes COPS, S&M, G&A, SD&P, and D&A.

We had approximately 3,600 colleagues as of March 31, 2024 primarily across the U.S. but also in India and Canada. Compensation costs for our colleagues include payroll, payroll taxes, SBC, bonuses, commissions and other payroll- and benefits-related costs. Compensation-related expense represented 68% and 65% of our OE in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Transaction and integration costs associated with our acquisitions of Zenefits and Clarus R+D are included in G&A. These costs include advisory, legal, and employee retention costs tied to ongoing employment.

During the first quarter of 2024 , OE increased 4% when compared to the same period in 2023. The ratio of OE to total revenues was 19% for the first quarters of 2024 and 2023.

% represents portion of compensation related expense included in operating expenses

We analyze and present our OE based upon the business functions COPS, S&M, G&A and SD&P and D&A. The charts below provide a view of the expenses of the business functions. Dollars are presented in millions and percentages represent year-over-year change.

The primary spend type drivers to the changes in our OE are presented below:

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest income from cash and investments and interest expense on our outstanding debt.

Interest income for the first quarter of 2024 was consistent with the prior period. The higher interest expense, bank fees and other for the first quarter of 2024 was primarily due to the additional interest on our 2031 Notes issued in the third quarter of 2023.

Income Taxes

Our ETR was 27% for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023. The increase in tax benefits related to stock-based compensation from the first quarter of 2023 was offset by an increase in non-deductible compensation in the first quarter of 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to access sufficient cash flows to meet the short-term and long-term cash requirements of our business operations. Our principal source of liquidity for operations is derived from cash provided by operating activities. We rely on cash provided by operating activities to meet our short-term liquidity requirements, which primarily relate to the payment of corporate payroll and other operating costs, and capital expenditures. Our cash flow related to WSE payroll and benefits is generally matched by advance collection from our PEO clients. To minimize the credit risk associated with remitting the payroll and associated taxes and benefits costs, we require PEO clients to prefund the payroll and related payroll taxes and benefits costs.

Included in our balance sheets are assets and liabilities resulting from transactions directly or indirectly associated with WSEs, including payroll and related taxes and withholdings, our sponsored workers' compensation and health insurance programs, and other benefit programs. Although we are not subject to regulatory restrictions that require us to do so, we distinguish and manage our corporate assets and liabilities separately from those current assets and liabilities held by us to satisfy our employer obligations associated with our WSEs as follows:

As of March 31, 2024, we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Working capital for WSEs related activities

We designate funds to ensure that we have adequate current assets to satisfy our current obligations associated with WSEs. We manage our WSE payroll and benefits obligations through collections of payments from our clients which generally occur two to three days in advance of client payroll dates. We regularly review our short-term obligations associated with our WSEs (such as payroll and related taxes, insurance premium and claim payments) and designate funds required to fulfill these short-term obligations, which we refer to as PFC. PFC is included in current assets as restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments.

We manage our sponsored benefit and workers' compensation insurance obligations by maintaining collateral funds in restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments. These collateral amounts are generally determined at the beginning of each plan year and we may be required by our insurance carriers to adjust our collateral balances when facts and circumstances change. We regularly review our collateral balances with our insurance carriers and anticipate funding further collateral in the future based upon our capital requirements. We classify our restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments as current and noncurrent assets to match against the anticipated timing of payments to carriers.

Working capital for corporate purposes

Corporate working capital as of March 31, 2024 increased $56 million from December 31, 2023, primarily due to the increases in our corporate unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, investments and other current assets, which was driven by our cash flows from operations. The increase in restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments was largely offset by the increase in total current liabilities. These increases were primarily driven by the contribution of HRIS assets into our trust. Refer to Note 1 in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for more details.

In December of 2023, TriNet created a trust for the purpose of holding funds provided by HRIS clients for the remittance to HRIS Users, tax authorities and other recipients. This trust is consolidated into our financial statements. During the first quarter of 2024, the trust assumed ownership and responsibility of certain bank accounts that hold HRIS client funds. The associated cash is reflected on our balance sheet as restricted cash and the associated liabilities are classified as accrued wages, payroll tax liabilities and other payroll withholdings, and client deposits and other client liabilities and assumed the related liabilities. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of restricted cash in the trust was $113 million.

We use our available cash and cash equivalents to satisfy our operational and regulatory requirements and to fund capital expenditures. We believe that we can meet our present and reasonably foreseeable operating cash needs and future commitments through existing liquid assets, continuing cash flows from corporate operating activities and the potential issuance of debt or equity securities. We hold both corporate cash and cash associated with WSEs across multiple financial institutions to reduce concentrations of counterparty risk. We believe our existing corporate cash and cash equivalents and positive working capital will be sufficient to meet our working capital expenditure needs for at least the next twelve months.

Cash Flows

The following table presents our cash flow activities for the stated periods:

Operating Activities

Components of net cash used in operating activities are as follows:

The year-over-year change in net cash used in operating activities for WSE purposes was primarily driven by timing of client payments, payments of payroll and payroll taxes and insurance claim activities. We expect the changes in

restricted cash and cash equivalents to correspond to WSE cash provided by (or used in) operations as we manage our obligations associated with WSEs through restricted cash.

Our corporate operating cash flows in the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased, when compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to the timing of our payments of corporate obligations.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the periods presented below primarily consisted of purchases of investments, capital expenditures and acquisition of business, partially offset by proceeds from the sale and maturity of investments.

Investments

We invest a portion of available cash in investment-grade securities with effective maturities less than five years that are classified on our balance sheets as investments. We consider industry and issuer concentrations in our investment policy.

We also invest funds held as collateral to satisfy our long-term obligation towards workers' compensation liabilities. These investments are classified on our balance sheets as restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments. We review the amount and the anticipated holding period of these investments regularly in conjunction with our estimated long-term workers' compensation liabilities and anticipated claims payment trend. At March 31, 2024, our investments had a weighted average duration of less than two years and an average S&P credit rating of AA+.

As of March 31, 2024, we held approximately $1.8 billion in restricted and unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and investments, of which $298 million was unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and $246 million was unrestricted investments. Refer to Note 2 in the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Form 10-Q.

Capital Expenditures

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we continued to make investments in software and hardware and we enhanced our existing service offerings and technology platform. We expect capital investments in our software and hardware to continue in the future.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of our debt and equity-related activities.

In February 2023, our board of directors authorized a $300 million incremental increase to our ongoing stock repurchase program initiated in May 2014. In July 2023, our board of directors authorized a further $1 billion incremental increase to this stock repurchase program. We use this program to return value to our stockholders and to offset dilution from the issuance of stock under our equity-based incentive plan and employee purchase plan.

On August 28, 2023, we completed a public tender offer through which we repurchased 5,981,308 shares of common stock at a price of $107.00 per share, for total consideration of approximately $640 million. On September 13, 2023, we repurchased 3,364,486 shares of common stock at a price of $107.00 per share, for total consideration of approximately $360 million, through a private repurchase from our largest stockholder, Atairos Group, Inc.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased 197,872 shares of our common stock for approximately $23 million through our existing stock repurchase program in addition to 59,249 shares acquired to satisfy tax withholding obligations related to SBC vesting. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $409 million remained available for repurchase under all authorizations by our board of directors. We plan to use current cash and cash generated from ongoing operating activities to fund this stock repurchase program.

In March 2023, to ensure that we maintained liquidity during the regional banking liquidity challenges, we drew down the available $495 million of capacity under our 2021 Revolver. As concerns about market liquidity subsided, we repaid $200 million in March and $295 million in April. In September of 2023, we drew down $200 million under our 2021 Revolver to partially fund our share repurchases in the third quarter of 2023 noted above.

In February of 2024, our board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share, for a total payment of approximately $13 million paid in April 2024.

Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2024, $500 million and $400 million aggregate principal of our 2029 Notes and 2031 Notes was outstanding, respectively. The indenture governing our 2029 Notes and 2031 Notes each includes restrictive covenants limiting our ability to: (i) create liens on certain assets to secure debt; (ii) grant a subsidiary guarantee of certain debt without also providing a guarantee of the 2029 Notes or 2031 Notes, as applicable; and (iii) consolidate or merge with or into, or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets to, another person, subject, in each case, to certain customary exceptions.

Our 2021 Credit Agreement includes a $700 million revolver. In September of 2023, we drew down $200 million of this revolver to partially fund our third quarter of 2023 share repurchases. The 2021 Credit Agreement includes negative covenants that limit our ability to incur indebtedness and liens, sell assets and make restricted payments, including dividends and investments, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, the 2021 Credit Agreement also contains other customary affirmative and negative covenants and customary events of default. The 2021 Credit Agreement also contains a financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain certain maximum total net leverage ratios.

We were in compliance with all financial covenants under our 2021 Credit Agreement, 2029 Notes and 2031 Notes at March 31, 2024.