DTE ENERGY CO

DTE Electric owns generating facilities that are located in the State of Michigan. Substantially all of DTE Electric's property is subject to the lien of a mortgage.

Generating facilities owned and in service as of December 31, 2023 for the electric segment are shown in the following table:

(a)Represents summer net rating for all units with the exception of renewable facilities. The summer net rating is based on operating experience, the physical condition of units, environmental control limitations, and customer requirements for steam, which would otherwise be used for electric generation. Wind and solar facilities reflect name plate capacity measured in alternating current.

(b)The Monroe generating plant provided 32% of DTE Electric’s total 2023 power plant generation.

(c)Represents DTE Electric's 81% interest in Belle River with a total capability of 1,270 MW. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Jointly-Owned Utility Plant."

(d)Represents DTE Electric’s 49% interest in Ludington with a total capability of 2,290 MW. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Jointly-Owned Utility Plant."

(e)In addition to the owned renewable facilities described above, DTE Electric has long-term contracts for 560 MW of renewable power generated from wind, solar, and biomass facilities. Of that amount, currently 52 MW relates to power purchase agreements with DTE Sustainable Generation.

See "Capital Investments" in Management's Discussion and Analysis in Item 7 of this Report for information regarding plant retirements and future capital expenditures.

DTE Electric owns and operates 701 distribution substations with a capacity of approximately 37,650,000 kilovolt-amperes (kVA) and approximately 453,700 line transformers with a capacity of approximately 33,359,000 kVA.

Circuit miles of electric distribution lines owned and in service as of December 31, 2023 are shown in the following table:

There are numerous interconnections that allow the interchange of electricity between DTE Electric and electricity providers external to the DTE Electric service area. These interconnections are generally owned and operated by ITC Transmission, an unrelated company, and connect to neighboring energy companies.

DTE Electric is subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of various agencies, including, but not limited to, the MPSC, the FERC, and the NRC. The MPSC issues orders pertaining to rates, recovery of certain costs, including the costs of generating facilities and regulatory assets, conditions of service, accounting, and operating-related matters. DTE Electric's MPSC-approved rates charged to customers have historically been designed to allow for the recovery of costs, plus an authorized rate of return on investments. The FERC regulates DTE Electric with respect to financing authorization, wholesale electric market activities, certain affiliate transactions, the acquisition and disposition of certain generation and other facilities, and, in conjunction with the NERC, compliance with mandatory reliability standards. The NRC has regulatory jurisdiction over all phases of the operation, construction, licensing, and decommissioning of DTE Electric's nuclear plant operations. DTE Electric is subject to the requirements of other regulatory agencies with respect to safety, the environment, and health.

See Notes 8, 9, 12, 18, and 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Asset Retirement Obligations," "Regulatory Matters," "Fair Value," "Commitments and Contingencies," and " Nuclear Operations."

Energy Assistance Programs

Energy assistance programs, funded by the federal government and the State of Michigan, remain critical to DTE Electric’s ability to control its uncollectible accounts receivable and collections expenses. DTE Electric’s uncollectible accounts receivable expense is directly affected by the level of government-funded assistance that qualifying customers receive. DTE Electric works continuously with the State of Michigan and others to determine whether the share of funding allocated to customers is representative of the number of low-income individuals in the service territory. DTE Electric also partners with federal, state, and local officials to attempt to increase the share of low-income funding allocated to customers.

DTE Electric's electrical generation operations seek to provide the energy needs of customers in a cost-effective manner and support DTE Energy's goal to reduce carbon emissions by 65% in 2028, 85% in 2032, and 90% by 2040 from 2005 carbon emissions levels, as well as net zero emissions by 2050. With potential capacity constraints in the MISO region, there will be increased dependency on DTE Electric's generation to provide reliable service and price stability for customers.

Additionally, as a result of legislation passed by the state of Michigan in the fourth quarter 2023, DTE Electric will be required to meet a 100% clean energy portfolio standard by 2040. Clean energy sources include renewables, nuclear, and natural gas-fired plants, provided such plants utilize a carbon capture and storage system that is at least 90% effective to offset carbon emissions. The legislation also requires 50% of an electric utility's energy to be generated from renewable sources by 2030 and 60% by 2035. DTE Electric is currently assessing the impacts of this legislation and will include updates in its next Integrated Resource Plan to comply with the new requirements.

To maintain reliability and meet carbon reduction goals in the near-term, DTE Electric will continue its energy waste reduction initiatives and transition away from coal-fired plants to renewable energy and other sources, including leveraging existing infrastructure at the Belle River power plant through a coal to natural gas conversion. To achieve long-term carbon reduction goals, DTE Electric plans to end the use of coal-fired power plants in 2032 and plans significant investments in solar, wind, and battery storage. DTE Electric expects this transition to renewables and natural gas to reduce future operating and fuel costs. DTE Electric will also continue to monitor the advancement of emerging technologies such as long-duration storage, modular nuclear reactors, hydrogen, and carbon capture and sequestration, and how these technologies may support clean, reliable generation and customer affordability.

DTE Electric's distribution operations focus is on distributing energy in a safe, cost-effective, and reliable manner to customers. An increasing intensity of wind storms and other weather events, coupled with increasing electric vehicle adoption, will drive a continued need for substantial grid investment over the long-term. DTE Electric is hardening and upgrading its infrastructure and has plans to build substations to provide additional capacity as customers shift to more electrification, including electric vehicles. DTE Electric seeks to increase operational efficiencies to maintain rate affordability and increase reliability and customer satisfaction through accelerated tree trimming, pole maintenance, enhanced grid automation to reduce outage duration, and increased underground distribution.

To enhance customer affordability, DTE Electric is also working to optimize opportunities from the Inflation Reduction Act to generate production tax credits for wind and solar production and existing nuclear generation, as well as investment tax credits for solar and energy storage. DTE Electric expects these tax credits to reduce the cost of owning assets that support its clean energy transition, thereby reducing customer rate impacts from any future cost recoveries.

The electric retail access program in Michigan gives electric customers the option of retail access to alternative electric suppliers, subject to limits. Energy legislation enacted by the State of Michigan has placed a 10% cap on total retail access. This cap mitigates some of the unfavorable effects of electric retail access on DTE Electric's financial performance and full-service customer rates. Customers with retail access to alternative electric suppliers consist primarily of industrial and commercial customers and represented approximately 10% of retail sales in 2023, 2022, and 2021. DTE Electric expects that customers with retail access to alternative electric suppliers will remain at approximately 10% of retail sales in 2024 and future years.

Competition in the regulated electric distribution business is primarily from the on-site generation of industrial customers and from distributed generation applications by industrial and commercial customers. DTE Electric does not expect significant competition for distribution to any group of customers in the near term.

Revenues from year to year will vary due to weather conditions, economic factors, regulatory events, and other risk factors as discussed in the "Risk Factors" in Item 1A. of this Report.

GAS

DTE Energy's Gas segment consists principally of DTE Gas, a natural gas utility engaged in the purchase, storage, transportation, distribution, and sale of natural gas to approximately 1.3 million residential, commercial, and industrial customers throughout Michigan, and the sale of storage and transportation capacity.

DTE Gas' natural gas sales, end-user transportation, and intermediate transportation volumes, revenues, and Net Income are impacted by weather. Given the seasonal nature of the business, revenues and earnings are concentrated in the first and fourth quarters of the calendar year. By the end of the first quarter, the heating season is largely over, and DTE Gas typically realizes substantially reduced revenues and earnings in the second quarter, and losses in the third quarter. The impacts of changes in annual average customer usage may be minimized by Revenue Decoupling Mechanisms authorized by the MPSC.

DTE Gas operations are not dependent upon a limited number of customers, and the loss of any one or a few customers would not have a material adverse effect on the results of DTE Gas.

For a summary of Gas segment operating revenues by service, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Revenue."

Natural Gas Supply

DTE Gas' gas distribution system has a planned maximum daily send-out capacity of 2.4 Bcf, with approximately 65% of the volume coming from underground storage for 2023. Peak-use requirements are met through utilization of storage facilities, pipeline transportation capacity, and purchased gas supplies. Because of the geographic diversity of supply and its pipeline transportation and storage capacity, DTE Gas is able to reliably meet supply requirements. DTE Gas believes natural gas supply and pipeline capacity will be sufficiently available to meet market demands in the foreseeable future.

DTE Gas purchases natural gas supplies in the open market by contracting with producers and marketers and maintains a diversified portfolio of natural gas supply contracts. Supplier, producing region, quantity, and available transportation diversify DTE Gas' natural gas supply base. Natural gas supply is obtained from various sources in different geographic areas (Appalachian, Gulf Coast, Mid-Continent, Canada, and Michigan) under agreements that vary in both pricing and terms. Gas supply pricing is generally tied to the New York Mercantile Exchange and published price indices to approximate current market prices combined with MPSC-approved fixed price supplies with varying terms and volumes through 2026.

DTE Gas is directly connected to interstate pipelines, providing access to most of the major natural gas supply producing regions in the Appalachian, Gulf Coast, Mid-Continent, and Canadian regions. The primary long-term transportation supply contracts at December 31, 2023 are listed below.

DTE Gas owns distribution, storage, and transportation properties that are located in the State of Michigan. The distribution system includes approximately 21,000 miles of distribution mains, approximately 1.2 million service pipelines, and approximately 1.3 million active meters. DTE Gas also owns approximately 2,000 miles of transmission pipelines that deliver natural gas to the distribution districts and interconnect DTE Gas storage fields with the sources of supply and the market areas.

DTE Gas owns storage properties relating to four underground natural gas storage fields with an aggregate working gas storage capacity of approximately 139 Bcf. These facilities are important in providing reliable and cost-effective service to DTE Gas customers. In addition, DTE Gas sells storage services to third parties.

Most of DTE Gas' distribution and transportation property is located on property owned by others and used by DTE Gas through easements, permits, or licenses. Substantially all of DTE Gas' property is subject to the lien of a mortgage.

DTE Gas leases a portion of its pipeline system through a finance lease arrangement. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Leases."

DTE Gas is subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the MPSC, which issues orders pertaining to rates, recovery of certain costs, including the costs of regulatory assets, conditions of service, accounting, and operating-related matters. DTE Gas' MPSC-approved rates charged to customers have historically been designed to allow for the recovery of costs, plus an authorized rate of return on investments. DTE Gas operates natural gas storage and transportation facilities in Michigan as intrastate facilities regulated by the MPSC and provides intrastate storage and transportation services pursuant to a MPSC-approved tariff.

DTE Gas also provides interstate storage and transportation services in accordance with an Operating Statement on file with the FERC. The FERC's jurisdiction is limited and extends to the rates, non-discriminatory requirements, and the terms and conditions applicable to storage and transportation provided by DTE Gas in interstate markets. FERC granted DTE Gas authority to provide storage and related services in interstate commerce at market-based rates. DTE Gas provides transportation services in interstate commerce at cost-based rates approved by the MPSC and filed with the FERC.

DTE Gas is subject to the requirements of other regulatory agencies with respect to safety, the environment, and health.

See Notes 9 and 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Regulatory Matters" and "Commitments and Contingencies."

Energy Assistance Programs

Energy assistance programs, funded by the federal government and the State of Michigan, remain critical to DTE Gas' ability to control its uncollectible accounts receivable and collections expenses. DTE Gas' uncollectible accounts receivable expense is directly affected by the level of government-funded assistance its qualifying customers receive. DTE Gas works continuously with the State of Michigan and others to determine whether the share of funding allocated to customers is representative of the number of low-income individuals in the service territory. DTE Gas also partners with federal, state, and local officials to attempt to increase the share of low-income funding allocated to customers.

DTE Gas' strategy is to ensure the safe, reliable, and cost-effective delivery of natural gas service within its franchised markets in Michigan. In addition, DTE Gas is promoting the extension of its distribution system to underserved markets and the increased use of natural gas furnaces, water heaters, and appliances within its current customer base. DTE Gas continues to focus on the reduction of operating costs and the delivery of energy waste reduction products and services to its customers, making natural gas service the preferred fuel and even more affordable for its customers.

Competition in the gas business primarily involves other natural gas transportation providers, as well as providers of alternative fuels and energy sources. The primary focus of competition for end-user transportation is cost and reliability. Some large commercial and industrial customers have the ability to switch to alternative fuel sources such as coal, electricity, oil, and steam. If these customers were to choose an alternative fuel source, they would not have a need for DTE Gas' end-user transportation service. DTE Gas competes against alternative fuel sources by providing competitive pricing and reliable service, supported by its storage capacity.

Having an extensive transportation pipeline system has enabled marketing of DTE Gas' storage and transportation services to gas producers, marketers, distribution companies, end-user customers, and other pipeline companies. The business operates in a central geographic location with connections to major Midwestern interstate pipelines that extend throughout the Midwest, eastern United States, and eastern Canada.

DTE Gas' storage capacity is used to store natural gas for delivery to its customers and is also sold to third parties under a variety of arrangements. Prices are influenced primarily by market conditions, weather, and natural gas pricing.

DTE Energy plans to reduce the carbon emissions from its gas utility operations by 65% by 2030 and 80% by 2040, and is committed to a goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050 from internal gas operations and gas suppliers. To achieve net zero, DTE Gas is working to source gas with lower methane intensity, reduce emissions through its main renewal and pipeline integrity programs, and if necessary, use carbon offsets to address any remaining emissions. DTE Energy also aims to help DTE Gas customers reduce their emissions by approximately 35% by 2040 by increasing energy efficiency, pursuing advanced technologies such as hydrogen and carbon capture and sequestration, and through the CleanVision Natural Gas Balance program which provides customers the option to use carbon offsets and renewable natural gas.

DTE VANTAGE

DTE Vantage is comprised primarily of renewable energy projects that sell electricity and pipeline-quality gas and projects that deliver customer energy solutions to industrial, commercial, and institutional customers. This business segment provides services using project assets usually located on or near the customers' premises in the agricultural, steel, automotive, airport, chemical, and other industries as follows:

Renewable Energy

•Renewable Gas Recovery —DTE Vantage has ownership interests in, and operates, twenty-two gas recovery sites in nine states. The sites recover methane from landfills and agricultural businesses and convert the gas to generate electricity and replace fossil fuels in industrial and manufacturing operations. Certain sites also refine the methane to produce pipeline-quality gas and generate environmental attributes, including environmental credits from California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) and the federal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), and in some cases may generate tax credits. The gas is then sold to off-takers, along with the environmental attributes, to be used as low carbon transportation fuel.

•Wholesale Power and Renewables —DTE Vantage holds ownership interests in, and operates, three renewable generating plants with a capacity of 114 MWs. The electric output is sold under long-term power purchase agreements.

Custom Energy Solutions

•On-Site Energy —DTE Vantage provides power generation, steam production, chilled water production, wastewater treatment, and compressed air supply to industrial customers. DTE Vantage also provides utility-type services using project assets usually located on or near the customers' premises in the automotive, airport, chemical, and other industries.

•Steel and Petroleum Coke —DTE Vantage produces metallurgical coke from a coke battery with a capacity of 1 million tons per year and has an investment in a second coke battery with a capacity of 1.2 million tons per year. DTE Vantage supplies metallurgical and petroleum coke to the steel and other industries.

Emerging Ventures

•Carbon Capture and Sequestration — DTE Vantage is currently developing multiple carbon capture projects across the United States to help customers reduce their emissions and meet their evolving environmental commitments. This process captures carbon dioxide from industrial emitters and transports it to sequestration sites where it is injected deep underground, preventing release into the atmosphere.

Properties and Other

The following are significant properties owned by DTE Vantage as of December 31, 2023:

Certain electric generating facilities within DTE Vantage have market-based rate authority from the FERC to sell power. The facilities are subject to FERC reporting requirements and market behavior rules. Certain projects of DTE Vantage are also subject to the applicable laws, rules, and regulations related to the EPA, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, DOE, CARB, and various state utility commissions.

DTE Vantage will continue leveraging its energy-related operating experience and project management capability to grow its renewable energy and custom energy solutions businesses and develop its carbon capture and sequestration business. DTE Vantage will also continue to pursue opportunities to provide asset management and operations services to third parties. There are limited competitors for DTE Vantage's existing disparate businesses who provide similar products and services. DTE Vantage's operations are dependent upon a limited number of customers, and the loss of any one or a few customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of DTE Vantage.

DTE Vantage anticipates building around its core strengths in the markets where it operates. In determining the markets in which to compete, DTE Vantage examines closely the regulatory and competitive environment, new and pending legislation, the number of competitors, and its ability to achieve sustainable margins. DTE Vantage plans to maximize the effectiveness of its related businesses as it expands, including optimizing tax credit opportunities from the Inflation Reduction Act related to renewable natural gas and carbon capture and sequestration.

DTE Vantage intends to focus on the following areas for growth:

•Acquiring and developing renewable energy projects and other energy projects

•Providing energy and utility-type services to commercial and industrial customers

•Developing decarbonization opportunities related to carbon capture and sequestration projects

ENERGY TRADING

Energy Trading focuses on physical and financial power, natural gas and environmental marketing and trading, structured transactions, enhancement of returns from its asset portfolio, and optimization of contracted natural gas pipeline transportation and storage positions. Energy Trading also provides natural gas, power, environmental and related services which may include the management of associated storage and transportation contracts on the customers’ behalf and the supply or purchase of environmental attributes to various customers. Energy Trading's customer base is predominantly utilities, local natural gas distribution companies, pipelines, producers and generators, and other marketing and trading companies. Energy Trading also provides commodity risk management services to the other businesses within DTE Energy.

Energy Trading enters into derivative financial instruments as part of its marketing and hedging activities. These financial instruments are generally accounted for under the MTM method, which results in the recognition in earnings of unrealized gains and losses from changes in the fair value of the derivatives. Energy Trading utilizes forwards, futures, swaps, and option contracts to mitigate risk associated with marketing and trading activity, as well as for proprietary trading within defined risk guidelines.

Significant portions of the Energy Trading portfolio are economically hedged. Most financial instruments, physical power and natural gas contracts, and certain environmental contracts are deemed derivatives; whereas, natural gas and environmental inventory, contracts for pipeline transportation, storage assets, and some environmental contracts are not derivatives. As a result, this segment will experience earnings volatility as derivatives are marked-to-market without revaluing the underlying non-derivative contracts and assets. The business’ strategy is to economically manage the price risk of these underlying non-derivative contracts and assets with futures, forwards, swaps, and options. This results in gains and losses that are recognized in different interim and annual accounting periods.

Energy Trading has market-based rate authority from the FERC to sell power and blanket authority from the FERC to sell natural gas at market prices. Energy Trading is subject to FERC reporting requirements and market behavior rules. Energy Trading is also subject to the applicable laws, rules, and regulations related to the CFTC, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and DOE. In addition, Energy Trading is subject to applicable laws, rules, and regulations in Canada.

DTE Energy's strategy for the Energy Trading business is to deliver value-added services to DTE Energy customers. DTE Energy seeks to manage this business in a manner complementary to the growth of DTE Energy's other business segments. Energy Trading focuses on physical marketing and the optimization of its portfolio of energy assets. The segment competes with electric and gas marketers, financial institutions, traders, utilities, and other energy providers. The Energy Trading business is dependent upon the availability of capital and an investment grade credit rating. DTE Energy believes it has ample available capital capacity to support Energy Trading activities. DTE Energy monitors its use of capital closely to ensure that its commitments do not exceed capacity. A material credit restriction would negatively impact Energy Trading's financial performance. Competitors with greater access to capital, or at a lower cost, may have a competitive advantage. DTE Energy has risk management and credit processes to monitor and mitigate risk.

CORPORATE AND OTHER

Corporate and Other includes various holding company activities, holds certain non-utility debt, and holds certain investments, including funds supporting regional development and economic growth.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

The Registrants are subject to extensive environmental regulation and expect to continue recovering environmental costs related to utility operations through rates charged to customers. The following table summarizes DTE Energy's, including DTE Electric's, estimated significant future environmental expenditures based upon current regulations. Pending or future reconsideration of current regulations may impact the estimated expenditures summarized in the table below. Actual costs to comply could vary substantially. Additional costs may result as the effects of various substances on the environment are studied and governmental regulations are developed and implemented.

For additional information regarding environmental matters, refer to Notes 8, 9, and 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Asset Retirement Obligations," "Regulatory Matters," and "Commitments and Contingencies."

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

DTE Energy and its subsidiaries had approximately 9,950 employees as of December 31, 2023, of which approximately 4,900 were represented by unions. DTE Electric had approximately 4,450 employees as of December 31, 2023, of which approximately 2,550 were represented by unions. The workforce is comprised almost entirely of full-time employees.

DTE Energy and utilities across the country are managing the turnover of our workforce due to a significant number of retirements expected in the next ten years - a period that will be impacted by major transformation of our business through technology investments, changes to our electric generation portfolio, and upgrades to our distribution infrastructure.

DTE Energy's non-represented workforce is also facing a transition period as a portion of employees are expected to separate from the company as a result of the voluntary separation incentive program announced in January 2024. For additional information, refer to the "Voluntary Separation Incentive Program" disclosure in Management's Discussion and Analysis in Item 7 of this report.

Amidst these challenges, DTE Energy is working to build a culture of highly engaged employees with skills and expertise in engineering, technology, and skilled trades, which are in high demand and critical to our industry. DTE Energy has set strategic talent management objectives to attract and retain the best talent and build a culture of service excellence for both external and internal customers. DTE Energy has also set talent management objectives around employee diversity, equity, and inclusion; health, safety, and wellbeing; and market-competitive compensation and benefits, which are discussed further in the sections below. DTE Energy has put in place a comprehensive governance structure to ensure these strategic talent management objectives are met, which includes Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, and senior executive oversight of talent decisions.

DTE Energy also aims to deliver world-class leadership development and technical training. DTE Energy provides an internal learning platform that includes free instructor-led and online courses, learning-focused events with expert guest speakers, and a comprehensive development program for new front-line leaders. Training efforts and a focus on succession planning have been critical in supporting employees transitioning to new roles as coal-fired plants are retired and replaced with new, cleaner generation.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)

DTE Energy is committed to building a diverse, empowered, and engaged team that delivers safe, reliable service and energy to our customers. A diverse workforce and inclusive culture contribute to DTE Energy's success and sustainability by driving innovation and creating trusted relationships with employees, customers, suppliers, and community partners. By tapping into the talent, unique perspectives, and cultural and life experiences of every employee, DTE Energy can ensure its continued success.

As of December 31, 2023, DTE Energy’s workforce was comprised of 28% women and 31% minorities. DTE Energy measures DEI performance by its workforce representation of women, minorities, veterans, and employees with disabilities, as well as the following:

•Employee engagement, including specific elements that measure a culture of inclusion

•Number of DEI related communications and events

•Supplier diversity spend

•Rankings and scores from DEI benchmarking surveys

•Formal training programs, including unconscious bias training for employees and leaders

DTE Energy has an Inclusion and Diversity Team (IDT) to provide DEI oversight, focus on its strategic objectives, and accelerate our progress. The IDT committee, which is led by DTE Energy's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, prioritizes an effective pipeline of underrepresented talent, works to create a speak-up culture that welcomes diverse voices, and makes DEI a defining and pervasive message in all of DTE Energy's communications. DTE Energy also has nine employee resource groups providing individuals with a shared interest or identity the opportunity to connect. The energy groups are an important component of DTE Energy's overall DEI strategy, providing opportunities for volunteering, skill building, mentoring, and cultural celebrations.

Health, Safety, and Wellbeing

The health, safety, and wellbeing of people is DTE Energy's top priority - for employees, contractors, customers, and everyone in the communities that DTE Energy serves. DTE Energy's health, safety, and wellbeing culture is maintained and strengthened with the help of multiple safety and wellbeing committees spanning all levels of the company. Members include union representatives, DTE Energy executives, office workers, and field employees.

Safety

DTE Energy empowers its employees to be responsible for their own safety and the safety of everyone around them, and has a culture where employees can stop the job any time they feel unsure or have questions. The use of pre-job briefs, safety standards, and regular training guides employees to identify hazardous work, categorize hazards according to risk, and mitigate the potential for any serious injuries.

DTE Energy monitors its safety performance through many measures, with a primary focus on the rate of safety incidents, as defined by the Office of Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA rate"). All workplace injuries and incidents are documented thoroughly and reviewed for measures designed to prevent reoccurrence. The most serious injuries, those sustained as a result of a release of high-energy where a serious injury or fatality is sustained ("HSIF"), as well as those that had the potential to result in a serious injury or fatality ("PSIF"), are closely monitored and thoroughly investigated.

Culture of Health and Wellbeing

DTE Energy aspires to become the healthiest and most supportive organization of wellbeing. DTE Energy is focused on supporting employees holistically, including physical health, emotional wellbeing, social connectivity, and financial security. Resources are provided to promote and support healthier lifestyles, including an on-site clinic, fitness centers, on-site and virtual wellbeing classes, and a team of wellbeing coordinators, registered dieticians and athletic trainers. DTE Energy offers a Healthy Living Program to complete both an annual physical with biometric screenings and a Health Risk Assessment to ensure employees have a relationship with a trusted physician and early detection of health conditions. Additionally, DTE Energy offers extensive wellbeing education and disease management programs.

DTE Energy's Wellbeing Executive Leadership Committee (WELCOM) provides oversight of our culture of health and wellbeing strategy and monitors performance across various metrics including an Employer Health Opportunity Assessment, completion of required wellbeing trainings, and measurement of collective health of the DTE family including medical trends and spend. In 2023, DTE Energy was recognized as the winner of the C. Everett Koop National Health Award for best-in-class workplace health and wellbeing programs.

Compensation and Benefits

DTE Energy is committed to offering compensation that is competitive, market driven, and internally equitable. Approximately half of DTE Energy's employees are represented by labor unions through which pay is uniformly determined through collectively bargained agreements. For non-represented employees, DTE Energy's human resources professionals establish pay ranges for each job classification and work with hiring leaders to make competitive offers within the range to candidates based on objective factors like years of experience and extent of preferred qualifications, if applicable. Annually, DTE Energy conducts a review of compensation practices as part of its affirmative action program and makes adjustments as needed to ensure that pay is fair and equitable.

DTE Energy provides competitive, customizable benefits for all regular full-time and regular part-time employees. Innovative compensation and benefits initiatives at DTE Energy include:

•A 401(k) plan/Employee Stock Ownership Plan that is available to all regular full-time and regular part-time employees, including automatic enrollment of new hires, automatic annual escalation of employee 401(k) contributions up to 10% of pay, and 401(k) matching contributions

•Competitive health and welfare benefits

•Child bonding/parental leave of absence

•Additional vacation days available for employee purchase

•Competitive incentive plans, which are offered to all non-represented employees to create alignment of corporate and individual goals

Incentive Plans

DTE Energy has two primary types of incentives that reward individuals for performance. The incentives are designed to tie compensation to performance and encourage individuals to align their interests with those of the shareholders and customers of the Company.

•Annual incentive plans allow DTE Energy to reward individuals with annual cash bonuses for performance against pre-established objectives based on work performed in the prior year. Objectives are aligned with our core priorities and include metrics for employee engagement and safety, customer satisfaction, utility operating excellence, and financial metrics such as earnings per share and cash flows.

•Long-term incentive plans allow DTE Energy to grant individuals long-term equity incentives to encourage continued employment with DTE Energy, to accomplish pre-defined long-term performance objectives, and to create shareholder alignment. Metrics generally include total shareholder return relative to industry peers, utility return on equity, balance sheet health, and cumulative operating earnings per share.

For additional information on the metrics above, please see the "Annual and Long-term Incentives" section of DTE Energy's Proxy Statement.

Additionally, refer to DTE Energy’s annual Sustainability report for further information on metrics tracked for DEI, health and safety, and other components of DTE Energy’s human capital management. The report is available through the Environmental, Social, and Governance section of the Investor Relations page on DTE Energy’s website (www.dteenergy.com), and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.