Freedom Holding Corp

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 1 –DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Overview

Freedom Holding Corp. (the "Company" or "FRHC" and, together with its subsidiaries, the "Group") is a corporation organized in the United States under the laws of the State of Nevada that through its operating subsidiaries provides securities brokerage, securities dealing for customers and for our own account, market making activities, investment research, investment counseling, investment banking services, retail and commercial banking, insurance products, payment services, and information processing services. The Company also owns several ancillary businesses which complement its core financial services businesses, including telecommunications and media businesses in Kazakhstan that are in a developmental stage. The Company is the holding company of subsidiaries incorporated in Kazakhstan, Cyprus, the United States, the United Kingdom, Armenia, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, and Turkey, and also has a presence in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Poland and Spain. The Company's subsidiaries in the United States include a broker-dealer that is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"). The Company's common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange ("KASE"), and the Astana International Exchange ("AIX").

As of June 30, 2024, the Company owned, directly or indirectly, the following companies:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

Through its subsidiaries, the Company is a professional participant, with a license to provide one or more types of services, on a number of stock exchanges, including the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), the Astana International Exchange (AIX), the Republican Stock Exchange of Tashkent (UZSE) and the Uzbek Republican Currency Exchange (UZCE) and is a member of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Nasdaq Stock Exchange (Nasdaq). The Company also owns a

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

24.3% interest in the Ukrainian Exchange (UX). Freedom EU provides the Company's clients with operational support and access to investment opportunities in the United States and European securities markets.

NOTE 2 –SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Accounting principles

The Group's accounting policies and accompanying consolidated financial statements conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP).

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements present the consolidated accounts of FRHC and its consolidated subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, and related notes thereto, of the Group’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in Group’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K contains a summary of all of Group’s significant accounting policies, except following amendments:

Non-Consolidation of Freedom Securities Trading Inc.

Freedom Securities Trading Inc. (formerly known as FFIN Brokerage Services, Inc.) ("FST Belize") is solely owned by Mr. Turlov since July 2014. The Company does not consolidate FST Belize under any of the primary consolidation methods - variable interest entity (“VIE”) accounting method and the voting interest method ("VOE") as (i) FST Belize is not a VIE due to the fact it has sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional financial support and the control over its significant activities is held by its sole shareholder, Mr. Turlov, and (ii) Mr. Turlov has a controlling interest in FST Belize such that under the VOE model FRHC is not required to consolidate FST Belize. Except for Mr. Turlov, there are no other shareholders at FST Belize or parties with participating rights or the ability to remove Mr. Turlov from his ownership position or to make all decisions in respect of FST Belize. While prior to the end of the fiscal 2024 we had omnibus brokerage relationship with FST Belize, such relationship had been terminated as of March 31, 2024.

Deconsolidation of Freedom Finance Ukraine LLC

As at June 30, 2024, the Company owns a 9% interest in Freedom Finance Ukraine LLC ("Freedom UA"), a Kyiv, Ukraine-based broker-dealer. The remaining 91% interest in Freedom UA is controlled by Askar Tashtitov, the Company's president. The Company entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Freedom UA and Mr. Tashtitov, including a consulting services agreement, an operating agreement and an option agreement. Through March 31, 2023, the Company had consolidated Freedom UA into the financial statements of the Company. On October 19, 2022, Freedom UA was added to the Ukrainian government's sanctioned entities list, resulting in suspension of its brokerage license. Given the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the situation in Ukraine and based on the Company's management's belief that the Company does not maintain effective control over Freedom UA, the Company has accounted for the deconsolidation of Freedom UA since April 1, 2023 (the date of loss of control).

Concentrations of Revenue

Revenues from one customer of the Group’s Brokerage segment represents the following amount of the Group’s consolidated revenues:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

Impairment of goodwill

Goodwill is allocated to reporting units, which are identified as the operating segments or one level below operating segments that generate separate financial information regularly reviewed by management. The assignment of goodwill to reporting units allows for the assessment of potential impairment at the appropriate level within the organization.

The Group has identified its reporting units based on its organizational and operational structure, as well as the level at which internal financial information is reviewed by management to make strategic decisions. In line with this, the reporting units have been established as follows:

Brokerage Reporting Unit: This reporting unit represents the Group's operations in brokerage business. The management team responsible for the brokerage business regularly reviews financial information specific to this reporting unit, including revenue, expenses, and key performance indicators.

Bank Reporting Unit: This reporting unit comprises the Group's operations in bank business. The management team responsible for the bank business reviews financial information related to this reporting unit, including revenue, expenses, and market trends.

Insurance Reporting Unit: This reporting unit comprises the Group's operations in insurance business. The management team responsible for the insurance business reviews financial information related to this reporting unit, including revenue, expenses, and market trends.

Other Reporting Unit: This reporting unit represents the Group's various businesses operations. The management team responsible for the Group's various businesses reviews financial information related to this reporting unit, including revenue, expenses, and market trends.

Goodwill has been allocated to each reporting unit based on its relative fair value at the time of acquisition or significant triggering events. The fair value allocation of goodwill to reporting units is periodically reassessed to ensure alignment with the Group's evolving organizational structure and operational dynamics.

The Group conducts impairment testing on an annual basis or whenever indicators of potential impairment arise. The impairment testing involves comparing the carrying amount of each subsidiary, including its allocated goodwill, to its fair value. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

Further details regarding the measurement of goodwill impairment and the results of impairment tests for each reporting unit are provided below.

The Group discloses information about the reporting units, the carrying amounts of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit, and the impairment losses recognized. The allocation of goodwill to reporting units ensures a focused evaluation of each unit's financial performance and facilitates the identification of potential impairment, enhancing the transparency and reliability of the Company's financial reporting.

As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, goodwill recorded in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled $50,591 and $52,648 respectively. The Group performs an impairment review at least annually unless indicators of impairment exist in interim periods. The entity compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The goodwill impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If fair value exceeds the carrying amount, no impairment is recorded.

The goodwill value at June 30, 2024 decreased compared to March 31, 2024, as a result of foreign exchange currency translation.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

Recent accounting pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, as clarified and amended by (i) ASU 2019-09, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date, and (ii) ASU 2020-11, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and Early Application (collectively referred to herein as ASU 2018-12). ASU 2018-12 changed existing recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts. ASU 2018-12 includes: (1) a requirement to review and, if there is a change, update cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits (LFPB) at least annually, and to update the discount rate assumption quarterly, (2) a requirement to account for market risk benefits (MRBs) at fair value, (3) simplified amortization for deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC), and (4) enhanced financial statement presentation and disclosures. The amendments are now effective for SEC filers that are not small reporting companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. For all other entities the effective date is now for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, or interim periods after December 15, 2025. As of November 15, 2019, the Company met the definition of a smaller reporting company.

In March 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-02, “Investments-Equity method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method” (“ASU 2023-02”). These amendments allow reporting entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted. We do not expect ASU 2023-02 to have an impact to our consolidated financial statements.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

In August 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-05, Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement, which clarifies the business combination accounting for joint venture formations. The amendments in the ASU seek to reduce diversity in practice that has resulted from a lack of authoritative guidance regarding the accounting for the formation of joint ventures in separate financial statements. The amendments also seek to clarify the initial measurement of joint venture net assets, including businesses contributed to a joint venture. The guidance is applicable to all entities involved in the formation of a joint venture. The amendments are effective for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. Early adoption and retrospective application of the amendments are permitted. We do not expect adoption of the new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-06 (“ASU 2023-06”), Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendment in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This ASU modified the disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of codification topics by aligning them with the SEC’s regulations. The amendments to the various topics should be applied prospectively, and the effective date will be determined for each individual disclosure based on the effective date of the SEC’s removal of the related disclosure. If the SEC has not removed the applicable requirements from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by June 30, 2027, then this ASU will not become effective. Early adoption is prohibited. While the Company is currently evaluating the effect that implementation of this update will have on its consolidated financial statements, no material impact is anticipated.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which enhances reporting requirements under Topic 280. The enhanced disclosure requirements include: title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), significant segment expenses provided to the CODM, extending certain annual disclosures to interim periods, clarifying single reportable segment entities must apply ASC 280 in its entirety, and permitting more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain circumstances. This change is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. This change will apply retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU No 2024-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets. The amendments in ASU No. 2023-08 are intended to improve the accounting for certain crypto assets by requiring an entity to measure those crypto assets at fair value each reporting period with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendments also improve the information provided to investors about an entity’s crypto asset holdings by requiring disclosure about significant holdings, contractual sale restrictions, and changes during the reporting period. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued (or made available for issuance). If an entity adopts the amendments in an interim period, it must adopt them as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. ASU No. 2023-08 requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets) as of the beginning of the annual reporting period in which an entity adopts the amendments. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU No 2024-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which would require additional transparency for income tax disclosures, including the income tax rate reconciliation table and cash taxes paid both in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU No 2024-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards. This standard provides clarity regarding whether profits interest and similar awards are within the scope of Topic 718 of the Accounting Standards Codification. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU No 2024-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-02, “Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements.” ASU 2024-02 removes references to various FASB Concepts Statements within the Codification. The guidance in ASU No. 2024-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and can be applied either prospectively to all new transactions recognized on or after the date that the entity first applies the amendments or retrospectively to the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in which the amendments were first applied. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU No 2024-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

NOTE 3 –CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following:

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents balance included short-term collateralized securities received under reverse repurchase agreements which the Group concludes mainly on KASE. KASE, in turn, guarantees payments to the counterparty. The terms of the short-term collateralized securities received under reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024 are presented below:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The securities received by the Group as collateral under reverse repurchase agreements are liquid trading securities with market quotes and significant trading volume. The fair value of collateral received by the Group under reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, was $150,886 and $133,380, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements included accrued interest in the amount of $132 and $106, with a weighted average maturity of 2 days and 3 days, respectively. All securities repurchase agreements transactions were executed through the KASE.

NOTE 4 –RESTRICTED CASH

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, restricted cash consisted of the following::

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, part of the Group’s restricted cash was segregated in a special custody account for the exclusive benefit of the relevant brokerage customers.

NOTE 5 –TRADING AND AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES AT FAIR VALUE

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, trading and available-for-sale securities consisted of:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The following tables present maturity analysis for available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:

As of June 30, 2024, the Group held debt securities oftwo issuers each of which individually exceeded 10% of the Group’s total trading and available-for-sale securities - the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of$2,175,004 and Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $726,402. As of March 31, 2024, the Group held debt securities oftwo issuers each of which individually exceeded 10% of the Group’s total trading securities and available-for-sale securities - the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amounts of $2,420,855 and the Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC (Fitch: BBB credit rating) in the amount of $727,440, respectively. The debt securities issued by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund JSC are categorized as non-US sovereign debt and corporate debt, respectively.

As of the June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, the Group reco gnized $363 and$413 other-than-temporary impairment in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The fair value of securities is determined using observable market data based on recent trading activity. Where observable market data is unavailable due to a lack of trading activity, the Group utilizes internally developed models to estimate fair value and independent third parties to validate assumptions, when appropriate. Estimating fair value requires significant management judgment, including benchmarking to similar instruments with observable market data and applying appropriate discounts that reflect differences between the securities that the Group is valuing and the selected benchmark. Depending on the type of securities owned by the Group, other valuation methodologies may be required.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

Measurement of fair value is classified within a hierarchy based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability. Classification within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The valuation hierarchy contains three levels:

•Level 1 - Valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 - Valuation inputs are quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured.

•Level 3 - Valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following tables present securities assets in the Сondensed Сonsolidated Balance Sheets or disclosed in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The tables below present the valuation techniques and significant level 3 inputs used in the valuation as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024. The tables are not intended to be all inclusive, but instead capture the significant unobservable inputs relevant to determination of fair value.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for investments that use Level 3 inputs for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and the year ended March 31, 2024:

The table below presents the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income, and fair value of available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 6 –MARGIN LENDING, BROKERAGE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES, NET

Margin lending, brokerage and other receivables as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, consisted of:

Margin lending receivables are amounts owed to the Group from customers as a result of borrowings by such customers against the value of qualifying securities, primarily for the purpose of purchasing additional securities. Amounts may fluctuate from period to period as overall client balances change as a result of market levels, client positioning and leverage. Credit exposures arising from margin lending activities are generally mitigated by their short-term nature, the value of collateral held and the Group's right to call for margin when collateral values decline.

The fair value of collateral received by the Group under margin loans as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024 were $6,687,324 and $7,579,057, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, collateral from single counterparty comprised $2,479,045 and $2,516,108,37% and 33% of the total collateral value, respectively. At the same time margin lending receivable from single counterparty comprised $862,986 and $399,196, respectively.

For both individual and institutional brokerage clients, the Group may enter into arrangements for securities financing transactions in respect of financial instruments held by the Group on behalf of the client or may use such financial instruments for our own account or the account of another client. The Group maintain omnibus brokerage accounts for certain institutional brokerage clients, in which transactions of the underlying clients of such institutional clients are combined in a single account with us. As noted above, the Group may use the assets within the omnibus accounts to finance, lend, provide credit or provide debt financing or otherwise use and direct the order or manner of assets for financing of other clients of ours.

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, using historical and statistical data, the Group recorded an allowance for brokerage receivables in the amounts of$13,237 and$11,990, respectively.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 7 –LOANS ISSUED

Loans issued as of June 30, 2024, consisted of the following:

The Group provides mortgage loans to borrowers on behalf of the JSC Kazakhstan Sustainability Fund ("Program Operator") related to the state mortgage program "7-20-25" and transfers the rights of claim on the mortgage loans to the Program Operator. The proceeds received from these transfers are presented within funds received under state program for financing of mortgage loans in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Under this program, borrowers can receive a mortgage at an interest rate of 7% for 20 years, and the interest payments received by the Group are recognized as interest income in the Group’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income. In accordance with the program and trust management agreement for the program, Group services the transferred loans and remits all repayments of principal it receives plus 4% of the 7% interest received to the Program Operator. The interest paid to the Program Operator is recognized as interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income. The remaining 3% of the 7% interest is retained by Group. Under the program and trust management agreement, Group is required to repurchase the rights to make claims on the transferred loans when either loan principal repayments or interest payments are overdue 90 days or more. The repurchase of overdue loans is performed at the loans’ nominal value and is presented within repurchase of mortgage loans under the State Program in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Since the Group transfers the rights to make claims on the loans with recourse for loans that are more than 90 days past due, retains part of the interest received on the loans and agrees to service the loans after the sale of the loans to the Program Operator, the Group has determined that it retains control over the loans transferred and continues recognizing the loans, which are accounted for as secured borrowings of the Group in accordance with ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing. As the Group continues to recognize the loans as assets, it also recognizes the associated liability equal to the proceeds received from the Program Operator, which is presented separately as liability arising from continuing involvement in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This liability accrues 4% interest annually as described above. As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, the corresponding liability amounted to $505,659 and$521,885, respectively.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, mortgage loans include loans under the state mortgage program "7-20-25" with an aggregate principal amount of $519,016 and$532,389, respectively, were presented within loans issued in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Group has an agreement with FFIN Credit, a company established and controlled by FRHC's controlling shareholder, chairman and chief executive officer, Timur Turlov, to purchase uncollateralized retail loans. FFIN Credit is a non-bank credit institution that issues loans in Kazakhstan under simplified lending procedures. FFIN Credit was created as a pilot project to test and improve the scoring models used for qualifying and issuing loans. The principal operation of FFIN Credit is to provide loans to customers online using biometric identification and its proprietary scoring process. After completion of the pilot launch, it is anticipated that the ownership of FFIN Credit will be sold by Mr. Turlov to the Company. The bank has legal ownership over purchase from FFIN Credit uncollateralized retail loans, however, in accordance with U.S. GAAP requirements, the Group does not recognize those loans, since effective control over the transferred loans are maintained by FFIN Credit. Instead, the Group recognizes the loans receivable from FFIN Credit presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within the loans issued. As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, right of claims for purchased retail loans amounted to $134,333 and $146,152, respectively.

The total accrued interest for loans issued amounted to $8,277 as of June 30, 2024 and$8,327 as of March 31, 2024.

Loans issued as of March 31, 2024, consisted of the following:

Credit quality indicators

Freedom Bank KZ uses a loan portfolio quality classification system that indicates signs of a significant increase in credit risk and contractual impairment, depending on the analysis of reasonable and supportable information available at the reporting date. The loan portfolio is classified into “not credit impaired”, “with significant increase in credit risk” and “credit impaired” agreements.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

Loans “not credit impaired” under the agreement are serviced as usual, there are no primary signs of an increase in credit risk. Agreements classified as “with significant increase in credit risk” represent loans for which there is an increase in the credit risk expected over the life of the agreement compared to the initial risk at the date of recognition of the loan. In practice, the presence of overdue debt on principal and interest for a period of more than 30 days or the absolute probability of default threshold PD exceeds 20%. Agreements classified as “credit impaired” represent loans for which at the reporting date there are signs of impairment, the borrower has been in default for 90 or more days for individuals and 60 or more days for legal entities, the borrower for the last 6 months for individuals and 12 months for legal entities restructured the contract due to the deterioration of the financial condition, the borrower is recognized as credit impaired, the presence of a sign of default, a sign of bankruptcy, the deterioration of the financial performance of the borrower, the presence of other information indicating the presence of a high credit risk.

The table below presents the Group's loan portfolio by credit quality classification and origination year as of June 30, 2024. Current vintage disclosure is the requirement due to first adoption of ASC 326.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The table below presents the Group's loan portfolio by credit quality classification as of March 31, 2024.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

Aging analysis of past due loans as of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, is as follows:

The activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is summarized in the following tables.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 8 –PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

The Group is subject to taxation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Cyprus, Uzbekistan, Germany and the United States of America.

The tax rates used for deferred tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, were 21% for the United States,20% for Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan,10% for Kyrgyzstan,15% for Germany,12.5% for Cyprus,25% for United Kingdom,18% for Armenia and 15% for Uzbekistan.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, the effective tax rate was equal to 17.6% and 19.7%, respectively.

NOTE 9 –SECURITIES REPURCHASE AGREEMENT OBLIGATIONS

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, trading securities included collateralized securities subject to repurchase agreements as described in the following table:

The fair value of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, was $2,572,331 and $2,753,601, respectively.

Securities pledged as collateral by the Group under repurchase agreements are liquid trading securities with market quotes and significant trading volume.

As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, securities repurchase agreement obligations included accrued interest in the amount of $9,565 and $11,684, with a weighted average maturity of 14 days and 12 days, respectively. All securities repurchase agreements transactions were executed through the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 10 –CUSTOMER LIABILITIES

The Group recognizes customer liabilities associated with deposit funds of its brokerage and bank customers. As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, customer liabilities consisted of:

In accordance with Kazakhstan law requirements, commercial banks conclude agreements with JSC Kazakhstan Deposit Insurance Fund ("KDIF"), under which banks have to pay commissions to KDIF on a recurring basis, the amount of which depends on the term and demand deposits received by banks from the customers. Under the agreement, KDIF insures the term and demand deposits up to $42 to each customer. As at June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively, the Group had total amounts in excess of insured bank time deposits of $616,746 and $600,972 for all customers.

NOTE 11 –MARGIN LENDING AND TRADE PAYABLES

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, margin lending and trade payables of the Group were comprised of the following:

The fair value of collateral by the Group under margin loans as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024 was$2,564,790 and$2,400,361, respectively.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 12 –DEBT SECURITIES ISSUED

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, outstanding debt securities issued by the Group included the following:

As of June 30, 2024 the carrying value of the Group’s debt securities issued was $64,610 Freedom SPC bonds due 2026 and $200,366 Freedom SPC bonds due 2028, respectively. The Freedom SPC bonds are denominated in U.S. dollars and were issued under Astana International Financial Centre ("AIFC") law and trade on the AIX. The Company is a guarantor of the Freedom SPC bonds.

The Freedom SPC bonds due 2026 bear interest at an annual rate of 5.5% and mature in October 2026. Interest is paid semi-annually in April and October. The proceeds from the issuance of such bonds were loaned to the Company pursuant to a loan agreement dated November 22, 2021. The loan has the same interest rate and maturity date as the bonds.

For the first two years of Freedom SPC bonds due 2028, the annual interest rate is 12%, and for subsequent years the interest rate will be fixed and set as the sum of Effective Federal Funds Rate (EFFR) as of December 10, 2025 and a margin of 6.5%. Interest is paid on a monthly basis. The bondholders have a right of early redemption aftertwo years at nominal value plus accrued interest. Aftertwo years, the issuer has the option to redeem the bonds in full or in part at nominal value plus accrued interest.

Debt securities issued are initially recognized at the fair value of the consideration received, less directly attributable transaction costs.

The Group has no covenants to comply with in its debt securities.

NOTE 13 –INSURANCE CONTRACTS ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FROM INSURANCE ACTIVITIES

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, insurance and reinsurance receivables of the Group was comprised of the following:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, insurance and reinsurance payable of the Group was comprised of the following:

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, liabilities from insurance activity mainly changed due to the increase of reserves for claims and claim's adjustment expenses, unearned premium reserve as a result of the expansion of operations.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 14 –FEE AND COMMISSION INCOME

Fee and commission income is recognized when, or as, the Group satisfies its performance obligations by transferring the promised services to the customers. A service is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that service. A performance obligation may be satisfied at a point in time or over time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time that the Group determines the customer obtains control over the promised service. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring the Group’s progress in satisfying the performance obligation in a manner that depicts the transfer of the services to the customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for those promised services (i.e., the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, the Group considers multiple factors, including the effects of variable consideration, if any.

The Company’s revenues from contracts with customers are recognized when the performance obligations are satisfied at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for such services. The majority of the Group’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time and are typically collected from customers by debiting their brokerage account with the Group.

Brokerage Services

Commissions from brokerage services — The Group earns commission revenue by executing, settling and clearing transactions with clients primarily in exchange-traded and over-the-counter corporate equity and debt securities, money market instruments and exchange-traded options and futures contracts. Trade execution and clearing services, when provided together, represent a single performance obligation, as the services are not separately identifiable in the context of the contract. Commission revenue associated with combined trade execution and clearing services, as well as trade execution services on a standalone basis, are recognized at a point in time on trade date when the performance obligation is satisfied.

Commission revenue is generally paid on settlement date, which is generally two business days after trade date for equity securities and corporate bond transactions and one day for government securities, options and commodities transactions. The Group records a receivable on the trade date and receives a payment on the settlement date.

Bank Services

The Group earns revenue from two primary streams related to commissions from bank services:

•The Group earns bank commissions by executing client order for money transfer, purchase and sale of foreign currency, and other bank services. A substantial portion of the Group's revenue is derived from commissions from private clients through accounts with transaction-based pricing. Commission revenue is collected and recognized by the Company at a point in time at the execution of the order.

•Interchange — The Group acts as an agent between customers and international payment systems, such as VISA and MasterCard. When using third-party payment platforms or networks, the Group is an agent for the payment processing services to retail customers and. therefore, revenue is recognized on a net basis, as the Group is not primarily responsible for fulfilling the payment processing on third parties' payment platforms/networks and has no discretion in establishing the selling price of the payment processing service to the retail customer on third party payment platforms/networks. Fees from customers using third-party payment platform are earned for processing debit card transactions.

Payment Processing

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The Group earns revenue from two primary streams related to payment processing:

•Commissions from payment processing services, which include activities such as authorization, clearing, and settlement of electronic payments. The Company recognizes revenue at the time when the payment card transaction is completed. These services are typically provided under a commission rate from amounts of transactions. Fees are typically billed and paid monthly.

•Provision of IT infrastructure to merchants to facilitate payments. The Company recognizes revenue at the time when the performance obligation is satisfied – as soon as payments are facilitated. These services are typically provided under a commission rate from amounts of facilitated payments. Fees are typically billed and paid monthly.

Underwriting and market-making services

The Group earns underwriting revenues by providing capital raising solutions for corporate clients through initial public offerings, follow-on offerings, equity-linked offerings, private investments in public entities, and private placements. Underwriting revenues are recognized at a point in time on placement date, as the client obtains the control and benefit of the capital markets offering at that point. These fees are generally received within 90 days after the placement date. Transaction-related expenses, primarily consisting of legal, travel and other costs directly associated with the transaction, are included in underwriting revenues. These costs are deferred and recognized in the same period as the related investment banking transaction revenue. However, if the transaction is abandoned and does not close, the accounting treatment for the transaction-related costs may differ. In such cases, the accounting principles typically require the immediate recognition of the transaction-related expenses as an expense in the period in which the decision to abandon the transaction is made. This ensures that the costs associated with the abandoned transaction are recognized and reflected accurately in the financial statements of the entity.

Receivables and Contract Balances

Receivables arise when the Group has an unconditional right to receive payment under a contract with a customer and are derecognized when the cash is received. Margin lending, brokerage and other receivables are disclosed in Note 6 in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Contract assets arise when the revenue associated with the contract is recognized before the Group’s unconditional right to receive payment under a contract with a customer (i.e., unbilled receivable) and are derecognized when either it becomes a receivable or the cash is received. As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, contract asset balances were not material.

Contract liabilities arise when customers remit contractual cash payments in advance of the Group satisfying its performance obligations under the contract and are derecognized when the revenue associated with the contract is recognized either when a milestone is met triggering the contractual right to bill the customer or when the performance obligation is satisfied. As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, contract liability balances were not material.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, fee and commission income was comprised of:

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 15 –NET (LOSS)/GAIN ON TRADING SECURITIES

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, net (loss)/gain on trading securities was comprised of:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 16 -NET INTEREST INCOME/EXPENSE

Net interest income/expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023 includes:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 17 -NET GAIN/(LOSS) ON DERIVATIVES

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 18 –RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Group engaged in various related party transactions, a substantial amount of which were conducted with FST Belize, a Belize company which is wholly owned personally by the Company’s chief executive officer, chairman and majority shareholder, Timur Turlov, and is not part of the FRHC group of companies. FST Belize has its own brokerage customers, which include individuals and market-maker institution and conducted business with the Group through a client omnibus accounts at Freedom EU. The Group has terminated these operations with FST Belize before the end of fiscal 2024, leading to a decrease in related party transactions during three months ended June 30, 2024 and projected to be the main reason for a decrease in related party transactions moving forward.

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024 the Group had loans issued which included uncollateralized bank customer loans purchased from a related party, FFIN Credit a company outside of the FRHC group which is controlled by Timur Turlov.

NOTE 19 –STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

During the three months ended June 30, 2024 the Company awarded stock grants totaling 186,967 shares,42,597 of which were vested on the date of the award.

The table below presents Stock Incentive Plan awards granted.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 20 –STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The compensation expense related to restricted and non-restricted stock grants was $10,615 during the three months ended June 30, 2024, and $1,233 during the three months ended June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2024 there was $49,256 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested shares of common stock granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.48 years. The compensation expense related to stock awards, which vested on the date of the award was $3,230 and $0 during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

The Company has determined the fair value of shares awarded during the three months ended June 30, 2024, using the Monte Carlo valuation model based on the following key assumptions:

The table below summarizes the activity for the Company's stock awards outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2024:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 21 –LEASES

At June 30, 2024, the Group was obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases of office space, which expire at various dates through 2033. The Group's primary involvement with leases is in the capacity as a lessee where a Group lease premises to support its business.

The Group determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (ROU) assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The future lease payments are discounted at a rate that estimates the Company’s collateralized borrowing rate for financing instruments of a similar term and are included in accounts payable and other liabilities. The operating lease ROU asset, included in premises and equipment, also includes any lease prepayments made, plus initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. The Company recognizes fixed lease costs on a straight-line basis throughout the lease term in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Certain of these leases also have extension or termination options, and the Company assess the likelihood of exercising such options. If it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise the options to extend, then we include the impact in the measurement of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

When readily determinable, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, the rate implicit on most of the Group's leases are not readily determinable. Therefore, the Company must discount lease payments based on an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate.

The table below presents the lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024:

The following table presents as of June 30, 2024, the maturities of the lease liabilities:

Lease commitments for short-term operating leases as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 was approximately $1,896 and $152, respectively. The Group's rent expense for office space was $2,154 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, $860 for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The Group has leases that involve variable payments tied to an index, which are considered in the measurement of operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities.

NOTE 22 –COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal, Regulatory and Governmental Matters

We are involved in various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of business. We recognize a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, we do not record a liability but disclose the nature and amount of the claim, as well as an estimate of the potential loss, if such an estimate can be determined. Legal fees are recorded as expenses when incurred. While we do not anticipate that the resolution of any current claims or proceedings (except for the specific matters detailed below, if resolved unfavorably) will significantly impact our financial position, an adverse outcome in some or all of these cases could materially affect our results of operations or cash flows for specific periods. This assessment is based on our current understanding of relevant facts and circumstances, and our perspective on these matters may evolve with future developments.

The Company accounts for potential losses related to litigation in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, “Contingencies.” As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, accruals for potential losses related to legal, regulatory and governmental actions and proceedings were not material.

Settlement of the Estate of Toleush Tolmakov Case

The Estate of Toleush Tolmakov (the “Estate”) commenced a legal action against Freedom Holding Corp., and our subsidiary FFIN Securities, Inc. in the Third Judicial District Court of Salt Lake County, State of Utah in December 2021. This proceeding relates to cash distributions arising from the 2011 sale of a subsidiary of BMB Munai, Inc. (the predecessor to Freedom Holding Corp.) and shares of common stock of the Company belonging to Toleush Tolmakov, who was a shareholder of the Company at the time he died in 2011, and a now defunct British Virgin Islands corporation, in which Mr. Tolmakov may have had an interest. The Company has held the relevant assets since Mr. Tolmakov's death because it does not know to whom they should be distributed and no party has yet established legal right of ownership of the assets. On October 21, 2022, in accordance with an order entered into by the Third Judicial District Court of Salt Lake County, we deposited an amount of $8.4 million into the registry of the court, representing the amount of cash distributions claimed by the Estate. We have recently formalized the settlement with the Estate which was approved by the Third Judicial District Court of Salt Lake County on July 24, 2024. All relevant legal claims between the parties have been dismissed or are in the process of being dismissed with prejudice under the relevant motions filed with the court. The outcome of this litigation was not material to the Company's financial condition.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments

Freedom Bank KZ is a party to certain off-balance sheet financial instruments. These financial instruments include guarantees and unused commitments under existing lines of credit. These commitments expose the Company to varying degrees of credit and market risk which are essentially the same as those involved in extending loans to customers, and are subject to the same credit policies used in underwriting loans. Collateral may be obtained based on Freedom Bank KZ's credit evaluation of the counterparty. The Company's maximum exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments.

Unused commitments under lines of credit

Unused commitments under lines of credit include commercial, commercial real estate, home equity and consumer lines of credit to existing customers. These commitments may mature without being fully funded.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

Unused commitments under guarantees

Unused commitments under guarantees are conditional commitments issued by Freedom Bank KZ to provide bank guarantees to customers. These commitments may mature without being fully funded.

Bank guarantees

Bank guarantees are conditional commitments issued by Freedom Bank KZ to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support trade transactions or guarantee arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing guarantees is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. A significant portion of the issued guarantees are collateralized by cash. Total lending related commitments outstanding as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, were as follows:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 23 –SEGMENT REPORTING

The following tables summarize the Group's Statement of Operations by its reportable segments. There are no revenues from transactions between the segments and intercompany balances have been eliminated for separate disclosure:

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

The following tables summarize the Company's total assets and total liabilities by its business segments. Intercompany balances have been eliminated for separate disclosure:

Brokerage

Companies in the Brokerage segment offer securities brokerage, securities dealing for customers and for our own account, market making activities, investment research, investment counseling, underwriting and market-making services to a global client base of corporations, investors, financial institutions, merchants, government and municipal entities. Companies in the Brokerage segment also conduct proprietary securities trading.

The Group's services in this segment include providing clients with access to the world's largest stock exchanges and a gateway to global investment opportunities. Additionally, the Group's offerings in this segment include professional securities analytics, empowering clients with valuable insights and market intelligence to make informed investment decisions. To ensure a seamless experience, the Group provides user-friendly trading applications that offer convenience and flexibility.

Banking

Company in the Banking segment generates banking service fees by providing services that include lending, deposit services, payment card services, money transfers, correspondent accounts, supporting both individual and corporate clients with innovative digital financial solutions. To ensure a seamless experience, it provides user-friendly trading applications that offer convenience and flexibility. Companies in the Banking segment also conduct proprietary securities trading activities.

Insurance

Companies in the Insurance segment offer products including life insurance, obligatory insurance, tourist medical health insurance and auto insurance. These insurance products are designed to offer comprehensive coverage and tailored solutions to protect individuals, property, auto and businesses in the event of unforeseen events or risks. Companies in the Insurance segment also conduct proprietary securities trading activities.

Other

Activities of companies in the Other segment include provision of payment processing services, financial educational center services, financial intermediary center services, financial consulting services, administrative management services, telecommunication services information processing services, entertainment ticketing sales, online air and railway ticket purchase aggregation and an online retail trade and e-commerce application. The Other segment also includes transactions conducted by the Company in connection with repurchase agreements.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 24 -STATUTORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

The Company hastwo insurance subsidiaries operating in Kazakhstan: Freedom Life (a regulated life insurer) and Freedom Insurance (a regulated property and casualty insurance entity). The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 126-II "On Insurance Activities" (the "Insurance Law") is the main law regulating the insurance sector in Kazakhstan. It establishes a framework for insurance activities, registration and licensing of insurance companies and regulation of insurance activities by the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Regulation and Development of Financial Market (“ARDFM”).

Freedom Life and Freedom Insurance are required to notify and receive verbal approval from the ARDFM of any proposals to declare or pay a dividend on its share capital. The amount of dividends these subsidiaries are permitted to declare is limited to the relevant subsidiary’s realized retained earnings and dividends can only be paid to the extent they will not cause a breach to the minimum solvency and capital requirements of the relevant subsidiary. As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, Freedom Life and Freedom Insurance were in compliance with the ARDFM dividend, minimum solvency and minimum capital requirements. Freedom KZ in its capacity of an insurance holding is also limited in declaration and payment of dividends if such payment leads to breach of capital ratios applicable to insurance companies Freedom Life and Freedom Insurance.

There are no significant differences between the statutory accounting practices and statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the insurance subsidiaries.

In addition, our subsidiaries operate under various securities brokerage, banking and financial services regulations and must maintain such licenses in order to conduct their operations. As of June 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, we, through our subsidiaries, held: (a) brokerage licenses (i) in Kazakhstan issued by ARDFM and the Astana Financial Services Authority (the "AFSA"), (ii) in Cyprus issued by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission ("CySEC"), (iii) in the United States issued by FINRA, (iv) in Armenia issued by the Central Bank of Armenia, and (v) in Uzbekistan issued by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan; (b) a banking license for foreign currency operations license in Kazakhstan issued by the ARDFM; (c) a banking license for corporate and retail banking services in Kazakhstan issued by the ARDFM (including for currency exchange operations); and (d) payment service provider in Kazakhstan is specially registered in such capacity with National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, payment services providers in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan hold licenses from the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Central Bank of Uzbekistan, respectively.

The table below presents net capital/eligible equity, required minimum capital, excess regulatory capital and retained earnings as of June 30, 2024 for each of the regulated entities that is material for our condensed consolidated financial statements.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

According to the requirements of National Bank of Republic of Kazakhstan, the regulator of Freedom KZ and Freedom Life, capital is adjusted through subtraction of non-liquid assets. Consequently, it may result that net capital for regulatory purposes may be lower than retained earnings balances. As per capital requirements Freedom EU regulated by The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission and Freedom Global regulated by Astana Financial Services Authority, current year profit is not included within net capital for regulatory purposes, as profits can only be included in net capital after a statutory audit is completed.

The table below presents net capital/eligible equity, required minimum capital, excess regulatory capital and retained earnings as of March 31, 2024 for each of the regulated entities that is material for our condensed consolidated financial statements.

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, except share data, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 25 –SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the time of filing this quarterly report on Form 10-Q with the SEC. Other than as disclosed below, during this period the Company did not have any additional material recognizable subsequent events.