PENN Entertainment Inc

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1—Organization

Organization: PENN Entertainment, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“PENN,” or the “Company”), is North America’s leading provider of integrated entertainment, sports content, and casino gaming experiences. As of the date of this filing, PENN operated in 28 jurisdictions throughout North America, with a broadly diversified portfolio of casinos, racetracks, and online sports betting and iCasino offerings under well-recognized brands including Hollywood Casino®, L’Auberge®, ESPN BET™, theScore BET Sportsbook and Casino®. PENN’s ability to leverage its partnership with ESPN, Inc. and ESPN Enterprises, Inc. (together, “ESPN”), the “worldwide leader in sports,” and its ownership of theScore®, the top digital sports media brand in Canada, is central to the Company’s highly differentiated strategy to expand its footprint and efficiently grow its customer ecosystem. PENN’s focus on organic cross-sell opportunities is reinforced by its market-leading retail casinos, sports media assets, and technology, including a proprietary state-of-the-art, fully integrated digital sports and iCasino betting platform and an in-house iCasino content studio (PENN Game Studios). The Company’s portfolio is further bolstered by its industry-leading PENN Play TM customer loyalty program, offering its over 32 million members a unique set of rewards and experiences.

The majority of the real estate assets (i.e., land and buildings) used in our operations are subject to triple net master leases; the most significant of which are with Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (Nasdaq: GLPI) (“GLPI”), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and include the AR PENN Master Lease, 2023 Master Lease, and Pinnacle Master Lease (as such terms are defined in Note 6, “Leases” and collectively referred to as the “Master Leases”).

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation: The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included.

Results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that would be achieved during a full year of operations or in future periods. These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Principles of Consolidation: The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of PENN Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates that do not meet the consolidation criteria of the authoritative guidance for voting interest entities (“VOEs”) or variable interest entities (“VIEs”) are accounted for under the equity method. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to conform the prior period presentation with current year presentation.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We applied estimation methods consistently for the periods presented within our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Segment Information: We have five reportable segments: Northeast, South, West, Midwest, and Interactive. Our gaming and racing properties are grouped by geographic location, and each is viewed as an operating segment with the exception of ourtwo properties in Jackpot, Nevada, which are viewed asone operating segment. We consider our combined Video Gaming Terminal (“VGT”) operations, by state, to be separate operating segments.

The Northeast, South, West, and Midwest segments (referred to as our “retail segments”) primarily generate revenue from gaming operations (such as slot machines and table games), food and beverage offerings, and hotel visitation. The Interactive segment includes all of our online sports betting, online casino/iCasino and social gaming (collectively referred to as “online gaming”) operations, management of retail sports betting, and media operations. See Note 12, “Segment Information” and Note 6, “Leases” for further segment and lease structure information, respectively. For financial reporting purposes, we aggregate our operating segments into the following reportable segments:

(1)Upon termination of the Morgantown Lease, ownership of the constructed building and all tenant improvements will transfer from the Company to GLPI.

(2)VGT route operations.

(3)The riverboat is owned by us and not subject to the AR PENN Master Lease.

(4)Pursuant to a joint venture with NASCAR Holdings LLC and includes the Company’s 50% investment in Kansas Entertainment, LLC (“Kansas Entertainment”), which owns Hollywood Casino at Kansas Speedway.

Revenue Recognition: Our revenue from contracts with customers consists primarily of gaming wagers, inclusive of sports betting and iCasino products, food and beverage transactions, hotel room sales, retail transactions, racing wagers, and third-party revenue sharing agreements. See Note 4, “Revenue Disaggregation” for information on our revenue by type and geographic location.

Complimentaries Associated with Gaming Contracts

Food, beverage, hotel, and other services furnished to patrons for free as an inducement to gamble at our retail properties or through the redemption of our customers’ loyalty points are recorded as “Food, beverage, hotel, and other” revenues at their estimated standalone selling prices, with an offset recorded as a reduction to “Gaming” revenues. The cost of providing complimentary goods and services to patrons as an inducement to gamble as well as for the fulfillment of our loyalty point obligation is included in “Food, beverage, hotel, and other” expenses. Revenues recorded to “Food, beverage, hotel, and other” and offset to “Gaming” revenues were as follows:

Additionally, the Company provides discretionary complimentaries in the form of online casino gaming slots and table games and online sports betting free play bonuses. Free play bonuses provided to patrons indirectly contribute to the gaming revenue earned by the Company and are recorded as a reduction of “Gaming” revenues.

Customer-related Liabilities

The Company hasthree general types of liabilities related to contracts with customers: (i) the obligation associated with its PENN Play program (loyalty points and tier status benefits), (ii) advance payments on goods and services yet to be provided and for unpaid wagers, and (iii) deferred revenue associated with third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino for online sports betting and iCasino market access.

Our PENN Play program connects the Company’s brands underone loyalty program and allows members to earn loyalty points, or “PENN Cash,” redeemable for slot play and complimentaries, such as food and beverage at our restaurants, lodging at our hotels, the PENN Play redemption marketplace that features popular retailers, and products offered at our retail stores across the vast majority of our properties. In addition, members of the PENN Play program earn credit toward tier status, which entitles them to receive certain other benefits, such as priority access, discounts, gifts, trips to PENN destinations, partner experiences, and PENN Cash. The obligation associated with our PENN Play program, which is included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $32.9 million and $29.7 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and consisted primarily of the obligation associated with the loyalty points. Our loyalty point obligations are generally settled withinsix months of issuance. Changes between the opening and closing balances primarily relate to the timing of our customers’ election to redeem loyalty points as well as the timing of when our customers receive their earned tier status benefits.

The Company’s advance payments on goods and services yet to be provided and for unpaid wagers primarily consist of the following: (i) deposits on rooms and convention space, (ii) money deposited on behalf of a customer in advance of their property visit (referred to as “safekeeping” or “front money”), (iii) money deposited in an online wallet not yet wagered, (iv) money deposited in an online wallet for pending and concluded wagers not yet withdrawn, (v) outstanding tickets generated by slot machine play, sports betting, or pari-mutuel wagering, (vi) outstanding chip liabilities, (vii) unclaimed jackpots, and (viii) gift cards redeemable at our properties. Unpaid wagers generally represent obligations stemming from prior wagering events, of which revenue was previously recognized. The Company’s advance payments on goods and services yet to be provided and for unpaid wagers were $141.8 million and $151.4 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company’s deferred revenue is primarily related to PENN Interactive, our wholly owned interactive division, which enters into multi-year agreements with third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino operators for online sports betting and iCasino market access across our portfolio of properties.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our deferred revenue balance was $40.3 million and $42.6 million, respectively, the majority of which is included in “Other long-term liabilities” within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized revenue of $3.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, that was included in the December 31, 2024 and 2023 deferred revenue balance.

Advertising: The Company expenses advertising costs the first time the advertising takes place or as incurred. Advertising expenses are primarily included in “Gaming” expenses within the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and were $99.9 million and $136.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Advertising expense includes media marketing services and brand and other rights provided by ESPN pursuant to the Sportsbook Agreement (as defined in Note 8, “Commitments and Contingencies”) and other media placement costs.

Gaming and Pari-mutuel Taxes: We are subject to gaming and pari-mutuel taxes based on gross gaming revenue and pari-mutuel revenue in the jurisdictions in which we operate, as well as taxes on revenues derived from arrangements which allow for third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino partners to operate online sportsbooks and iCasinos under our gaming licenses. The Company primarily recognizes gaming and pari-mutuel tax expense based on the statutorily required percentage of revenue that is required to be paid to state, provincial and/or local jurisdictions in the states and provinces where or in which the wagering occurs. Also included in gaming and pari-mutuel taxes are costs to support the operations of local regulatory authorities which some jurisdictions require us to pay. Gaming and pari-mutuel taxes are recorded in “Gaming” expenses or “Food, beverage, hotel, and other” expenses within the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and were $609.9 million and $592.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency in which the subsidiary operates. Balance sheet accounts are translated at the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are recorded to other comprehensive income (loss). Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the year. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in “Other” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Comprehensive Income or Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss: Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income or loss and all other non-stockholder changes in equity, or other comprehensive income (loss). The balance of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on debt securities.

Earnings or Loss Per Share: Basic earnings or loss per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the additional dilution, if any, for all potentially-dilutive securities such as warrants, stock options, unvested restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) (collectively with RSAs, “restricted stock”), and convertible debt.

Guarantees and Indemnifications: The Company accounts for indemnity obligations in accordance with ASC Topic 460-20, “Contingencies” and records a liability at fair value. On August 8, 2023, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with David Portnoy (the “Barstool SPA”) and we sold 100% of the outstanding shares of Barstool common stock. Pursuant to the Barstool SPA, the Company agreed to indemnify Barstool and its subsidiaries and David Portnoy for certain tax matters. The indemnity provisions generally provide for the Company’s control of defense and settlement of claims, as well as certain other costs associated with potential tax matters related to Barstool and its subsidiaries and David Portnoy. Claims under the indemnification are paid upon demand. Provisions in the Barstool SPA limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made to the later of the resolution of the indemnification claim or the relevant statutes of limitations. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company paid $30.5 million in settlement costs under this indemnification obligation. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under this indemnification agreement is not estimable at this time due to uncertainties related to potential outcomes and other unique facts and circumstances involved in the Barstool SPA. For both periods ended as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has recorded a liability of $39.5 million for this agreement. See Note 11, “Fair Value Measurements” for more information.

Note 3—New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 updates the requirements for a public entity to disclose its significant segment expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment. A significant segment expense is considered an expense that is significant to the segment, regularly provided to or easily computed from information regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, and included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-07 required a retrospective adoption to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 resulted in additional disclosures in the notes to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 12, “Segment Information.”

Accounting Pronouncements to be Implemented

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 updates the requirements for a public entity to enhance income tax disclosures to provide a better assessment on how an entity’s operations, related tax risks, tax planning, and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We are assessing the guidance, noting adoption of the new standard is limited to additional disclosures in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 updates the requirements for a public entity to disclose additional information about specific income statement expense categories in the notes to financial statements. ASU 2024-03 does not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements, however, it affects where this information appears in the notes to financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, on a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We are assessing the guidance and currently expect adoption of the new standard to result in additional disclosures in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments” (“ASU 2024-04”). ASU 2024-04 clarifies the determination of accounting treatment required for settlement of convertible debt (particularly, cash convertible instruments) at terms that differ from the original conversion terms. ASU 2024-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, on a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The primary purpose of the new ASU 2024-04 is to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options. We are assessing the guidance and currently do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 4—Revenue Disaggregation

Our revenues are generated primarily by providing the following types of services: (i) gaming, inclusive of retail sports betting, iCasino, and online sports betting; (ii) food and beverage; (iii) hotel; and (iv) other. Other revenues are primarily comprised of PENN Interactive’s revenues generated from third-party online sports betting and the related gross-up for taxes, racing operations, advertising, retail, and commissions received on ATM transactions. Our revenue is disaggregated by type of revenue and geographic location (with no single foreign country’s revenue representing more than 10% of total consolidated revenues) of the related properties, which is consistent with our reportable segments, as follows:

(1) Other revenues within the Interactive segment are inclusive of gaming tax reimbursement amounts related to third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino partners for online sports betting and iCasino market access of $128.2 million and $116.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2) Primarily represents the elimination of intersegment revenues associated with our retail sportsbooks, which are operated by PENN Interactive.

Note 5—Long-Term Debt

The table below presents long-term debt, net of current maturities, debt discounts, and issuance costs:

The following is a schedule of future minimum repayments of long-term debt as of March 31, 2025 (in millions):

Amended Credit Facilities

On May 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its various lenders (the “Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a $1.0 billion revolving credit facility, undrawn at close, (the “Amended Revolving Credit Facility”), afive-year $550.0 million term loan A facility (the “Amended Term Loan A Facility”) and aseven-year $1.0 billion term loan B facility (the “Amended Term Loan B Facility”) (together, the “Amended Credit Facilities”). The proceeds from the Amended Credit Facilities were used to repay the balances of the previous credit facilities.

The interest rates per annum applicable to loans under the Amended Credit Facilities are, at the Company’s option, equal to either an adjusted secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”) or a base rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for each of the Amended Revolving Credit Facility and the Amended Term Loan A Facility ranges from 2.25% to 1.50% per annum for Term SOFR loans and 1.25% to 0.50% per annum for base rate loans, in each case depending on the Company’s total net leverage ratio (as defined within the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement). The applicable margin for the Amended Term Loan B Facility was 2.75% per annum for Term SOFR loans and 1.75% per annum for base rate loans until the margins were both reduced by 25 basis points pursuant to the Second Amendment Agreement, as discussed and defined below, and effective December 4, 2024. The Amended Term Loan B Facility is subject to a Term SOFR “floor” of 0.50% per annum and a base rate “floor” of 1.50% per annum. In addition, the Company pays a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility at a rate that ranges from 0.35% to 0.20% per annum, depending on the Company’s total net leverage ratio (as defined within the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement).

The Amended Credit Facilities contain customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to grant liens on their assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations, pay dividends and make other restricted payments and prepay certain indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to the obligations under the Amended Credit Facilities. The Amended Credit Facilities containtwo financial covenants: a maximum total net leverage ratio (as defined within the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of 4.50 to 1.00, which is subject to a step up to 5.00 to 1.00 in the case of certain significant acquisitions, and a minimum interest coverage ratio (as defined within the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of 2.00 to 1.00. The Amended Credit Facilities also contain certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the documents governing the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), termination and certain defaults under the Master Leases (which are defined in Note 6, “Leases”).

On February 15, 2024 (the “First Amendment Effective Date”), PENN entered into a First Amendment (the “First Amendment Agreement”) with its various lenders amending its Amended Credit Facilities. The First Amendment Agreement provided for certain adjustments, during a specified time period (“Covenant Relief Period”), in our calculations to comply with the maximum total net leverage ratio or minimum interest coverage ratio (as such terms are defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement). As of March 31, 2025, the Covenant Relief Period has concluded, and we are now required to maintain the specified financial ratios and satisfy the financial tests under the Amended Credit Facilities, as described above.

On December 4, 2024 (the “Second Amendment Effective Date”), PENN entered into a Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment Agreement”) with its various lenders to reduce the interest rate margins applicable to the Company’s approximately $978 million in existing Amended Term Loan B Facility loans from 2.75% to 2.50% for Term SOFR loans, and from 1.75% to 1.50% for base rate loans.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $60.0 million drawn on the Amended Revolving Credit Facility. Additionally, the Company had conditional obligations under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Amended Credit Facilities with face amounts aggregating to $20.4 million, resulting in $919.6 million of available borrowing capacity under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility. As of May 9, 2025, the Company had $105.0 million in outstanding borrowings under its Amended Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in $874.6 million in available borrowing capacity.

2.75% Unsecured Convertible Notes

In May 2020, the Company completed a public offering of $330.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.75% unsecured convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”) that mature, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased, on May 15, 2026 at a price of par.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no Convertible Notes have been converted into the Company’s common stock. The maximum number of shares that could be issued to satisfy the conversion feature of the Convertible Notes is 18,360,815 as of March 31, 2025.

The Convertible Notes consisted of the following components:

Interest expense, net

The table below presents interest expense, net:

The table below presents interest expense related to the Convertible Notes:

Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Notes at an effective interest rate of 3.3%. The remaining term of the Convertible Notes was 1.1 years as of March 31, 2025.

Covenants

Our Amended Credit Facilities,5.625% Notes due 2027 (the “5.625% Notes”), and 4.125% Notes due 2029 (the “4.125% Notes”), require us, among other obligations, to maintain specified financial ratios and to satisfy certain financial tests. In addition, our Amended Credit Facilities,5.625% Notes and 4.125% Notes, restrict, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, amend debt instruments, pay dividends, create liens on assets, make investments, engage in mergers or consolidations, and otherwise restrict corporate activities. Our debt agreements also contain customary events of default, including cross-default provisions that require us to meet certain requirements under the Master Leases (which are defined in Note 6, “Leases”), each with GLPI. If we are unable to meet our financial covenants or in the event of a cross-default, it could trigger an acceleration of payment terms.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants. The Company believes that it will remain in compliance with all of its required financial covenants for at least the next twelve months following the date of filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the SEC.

Other Long-Term Obligation

In February 2021, we entered into a third-party financing arrangement providing the Company with upfront and non-refundable cash proceeds of $72.5 million while permitting us to participate in future proceeds on certain claims for insurance coverage benefits from the Company’s insurers (the “Insurers”) for economic losses PENN sustained due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequent to quarter end, on May 7, 2025, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania (the “SCP”) issued a ruling on the Company’s appeal of a lower court’s summary judgement that found in favor of the Insurers, affirming the lower court’s ruling. As a result of the SCP’s ruling, the Company has determined that obligations under these claims are no longer probable. Accordingly, we recognized a non-cash gain, which consists of the cash proceeds received in 2021 of $72.5 million and $142.6 million of accreted non-cash interest. The gain was recorded as “Gain on financing arrangement” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Prior to recognizing the non-cash gain, as described above, the financing obligation was classified as a non-current liability and had a $201.2 million balance as of December 31, 2024. Consistent with an obligor’s accounting under a debt instrument, period interest was accreted using an effective interest rate of 27.0% until the time that the claims and related obligations were resolved. The amount included in “Interest expense, net” within the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations related to this obligation was $13.9 million and $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 6—Leases

Master Leases

The components contained within the Master Leases are accounted for as either (i) operating leases, (ii) finance leases, or (iii) financing obligations. Changes to future lease payments that are not fixed within the Master Leases (i.e., when future escalators become known or future variable rent resets occur), which are discussed below, require the Company to either (i) increase both the ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities with respect to operating and finance leases or (ii) record the incremental variable payment associated with the financing obligation to interest expense.

AR PENN Master Lease

On February 21, 2023, the Company and GLPI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the triple net master lease dated November 1, 2013 (the “AR PENN Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, to (i) remove the land and buildings for Hollywood Casino Aurora (“Aurora”), Hollywood Casino Joliet (“Joliet”), Hollywood Casino Columbus (“Columbus”), Hollywood Casino Toledo (“Toledo”), and the M Resort Spa Casino (“M Resort”), and (ii) make associated adjustments to the rent. Subsequent to the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the lease contains real estate assets associated with 14 of the Company’s gaming facilities used in its operations. The current term of the AR PENN Master Lease expires on October 31, 2033 and thereafter contains three renewal terms offive years each on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The AR PENN Master Lease along with the 2023 Master Lease (as defined and discussed below) are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee.

The payment structure under the AR PENN Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the AR PENN Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every five years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of all properties associated with the AR PENN Master Lease compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding five years (“AR PENN Percentage Rent”).

The land and building components contained within the AR PENN Master Lease are classified as operating leases and are recorded to “General and administrative” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur on November 1, 2025. The next AR PENN Percentage Rent reset is scheduled to occur on November 1, 2028.

2023 Master Lease

Concurrent with the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the Company and GLPI entered into a new triple net master lease (the “2023 Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, specific to the property associated with Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, M Resort, Hollywood Casino at The Meadows (“Meadows”), and Hollywood Casino Perryville (“Perryville”) and a master development agreement (the “Master Development Agreement”). The 2023 Master Lease has an initial term through October 31, 2033 with three subsequent five-year renewal periods on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The 2023 Master Lease and AR PENN Master Lease are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee.

The land and building components contained within the 2023 Master Lease are classified as operating leases and are recorded to “General and administrative” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The 2023 Master Lease includes a base rent (the “2023 Master Lease Base Rent”) and the Master Development Agreement contains additional rent (together with the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent, the “2023 Master Lease Rent”) equal to (i)7.75% of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for an anticipated relocation of our riverboat casino and related developments with respect to Aurora (the “Aurora Project”) and (ii) a percentage, based on the then-current GLPI stock price, of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for certain anticipated development projects with respect to Joliet, Columbus and M Resort (the “Other Development Projects,” and together with the Aurora Project, the “PENN Development Projects”). The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225.0 million for the Aurora Project and, upon our request, up to $350.0 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. These funding obligations of GLPI expire on January 1, 2026. The 2023 Master Lease Rent will be subject to a one-time increase of $1.4 million, effective November 1, 2027. The 2023 Master Lease Rent is subject to an annual fixed escalator rent increase of 1.5% which began on November 1, 2023 and will continue to increase annually thereafter. The Master Development Agreement provides that PENN may elect not to proceed with a development project prior to GLPI’s commencement of any equity or debt offering or credit facility draw intended to fund such a project or after such time in certain instances, provided that GLPI will be reimbursed for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with such discontinued project. The PENN Development Projects are all subject to necessary regulatory and other government approvals. As of the date of this filing, the Company has neither requested nor received any funding from GLPI for the PENN Development Projects.

Pinnacle Master Lease

In connection with the acquisition of Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc. on October 15, 2018, the Company assumed a triple net master lease with GLPI (the “Pinnacle Master Lease”), originally effective April 28, 2016, pursuant to which the Company leases real estate assets associated with 12 of the gaming facilities used in its operations. Upon assumption of the Pinnacle Master Lease, as amended, there were 7.5 years remaining of the initialten-year term, with five subsequent, five-year renewal periods, on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The Company has determined that the lease term is 32.5 years.

The payment structure under the Pinnacle Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Pinnacle Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance of the properties, which is prospectively adjusted everytwo years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues compared to a contractual baseline during the precedingtwo years (“Pinnacle Percentage Rent”).

The Pinnacle Master Lease contains land and building components that are classified as finance leases and financing obligations. Lease components classified as a finance lease are recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” and “Interest expense, net” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method.

The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur on May 1, 2025. The next Pinnacle Percentage Rent reset is scheduled to occur on May 1, 2026.

Other Triple Net Leases with REIT Landlords

Morgantown Lease

On October 1, 2020, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with a subsidiary of GLPI for the land underlying our development project in Morgantown, Pennsylvania (“Morgantown Lease”) in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits.

The initial term of the Morgantown Lease is 20 years withsix subsequent, five-year renewal periods, exercisable at the Company’s option. Initial annual rent under the Morgantown Lease is $3.0 million, subject to a 1.50% fixed annual escalation in each of the first three years subsequent to the facility opening, which occurred on December 22, 2021. Thereafter, the lease will be subject to an annual escalator consisting of either (i)1.25%, if the consumer price index increase is greater than 0.50%, or (ii)zero, if the consumer price index increase is less than 0.50%. All improvements made on the land, including the constructed building, will be owned by the Company while the lease is in effect, however, on the expiration or termination of the Morgantown Lease, ownership of all tenant improvements on the land will transfer to GLPI.

We concluded control of the land underlying the Morgantown facility was not passed from the Company to the lessor in accordance with ASC Topic 842, “Leases,” (“ASC 842”). As such we recognized a financing obligation in accordance with ASC Topic 470, “Debt,” (“ASC 470”) and continue to recognize the underlying land asset in “Property and equipment, net” within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method.

Margaritaville Lease

On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI Properties Inc. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI”) for the real estate assets used in the operations of Margaritaville Resort Casino (the “Margaritaville Lease”). The Margaritaville Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Margaritaville Lease includes a fixed component, a portion that is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% depending on a minimum coverage floor ratio of Net Revenue to Rent of 6.1:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted everytwo years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the precedingtwo years (“Margaritaville Percentage Rent”).

As a result of the annual escalator test, effective as of February 1 for the lease year ended January 31, the fixed components of rent and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability were recognized as follows:

The Margaritaville Percentage Rent most recently reset on February 1, 2025, and will be effective until the next Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on February 1, 2027. As a result of the Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset for the lease year ended January 31, the performance-based component of rent and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability were recognized as follows:

The land and building components contained within the Margaritaville Lease are classified as operating leases and are recorded to “General and administrative” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Greektown Lease

On May 23, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI for the real estate assets used in the operations of Hollywood Casino at Greektown (the “Greektown Lease”). The Greektown Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Greektown Lease includes a fixed component, a portion subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% initially determined based on an Adjusted Revenue to Rent ratio, as defined in the Greektown Lease, and subsequently amended to be determined based on an agreed upon minimum coverage floor ratio of Net Revenue to Rent, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted everytwo years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the precedingtwo years (“Greektown Percentage Rent”).

On April 1, 2024, the lease was amended to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the ninth lease year (June 1, 2027).

The land and building components contained within the Greektown Lease are classified as operating leases and are recorded to “General and administrative” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The next annual escalator test date and Greektown Percentage Rent reset are both scheduled to occur on June 1, 2025.

We refer to the Master Leases, the Morgantown Lease, the Margaritaville Lease, and the Greektown Lease, collectively, as our “Triple Net Leases.”

Non-REIT Operating Leases

In addition to any operating lease components contained within the Master Leases, Margaritaville Lease, and Greektown Lease (collectively referred to as “triple net operating leases”), the Company’s operating leases consist of (i) ground and levee leases to landlords which were not assumed by our REIT Landlords and remain an obligation of the Company, and (ii) buildings and equipment not associated with our REIT Landlords. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments based on a percentage of sales over specified contractual amounts, rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation, and rental payments based on usage. The Company’s leases include options to extend the lease terms. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The following is a maturity analysis of our operating leases, finance leases, and financing obligations as of March 31, 2025:

Total payments made under our Triple Net Leases were as follows:

Information related to lease term and discount rate was as follows:

The components of lease expense were as follows:

(1) Excludes the operating lease costs and variable lease costs pertaining to our triple net leases with our REIT landlords classified as operating leases.

(2) Pertains to finance lease components associated with the Pinnacle Master Lease (primarily land).

(3) Pertains to the components contained within the Pinnacle Master Lease (buildings) and the Morgantown Lease.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

Note 7—Income Taxes

The Company calculates the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate to its year-to-date pre-tax book income or loss. The tax effects of discrete items are reported in the interim period in which they occur. The effective tax rate (income taxes as a percentage of income from operations before income taxes) including discrete items was 26.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 14.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was lower than the statutory federal tax rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible executive compensation and the decrease in our valuation allowance. The change in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the corresponding prior period, was primarily due to (i) excluding certain foreign losses for which no tax benefit can be recognized in our worldwide effective tax rate calculation, (ii) non-deductible permanent items offset against tax credit utilization, (iii) state taxes, and (iv) changes to the valuation allowance. We excluded certain foreign losses from our worldwide effective tax rate calculation due to a year-to-date ordinary loss for which no benefit may be recognized. Our effective tax rate can vary from period to period depending on, among other factors, the geographic and business mix of our earnings, and changes to our valuation allowance assessment. Certain of these and other factors, including our history and projections of pre-tax earnings, are considered in assessing our ability to realize our net deferred tax assets.

As of each reporting date, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets pursuant to ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” As of March 31, 2025, we intend to continue maintaining a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets not “more likely than not” to be realized until there is sufficient positive evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. A reduction in the valuation allowance could result in a significant decrease to income tax expense in the period the release is recorded. Although the exact timing and valuation reversal amount are estimated, the actual determination is contingent upon the earnings level we achieve in 2025 as well as our projected income levels in future periods.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had accrued income taxes of $23.8 million and prepaid income taxes of $31.9 million, respectively, which were included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” and “Prepaid expenses” within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.