PENN Entertainment Inc

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources have been and are expected to be cash flow from operations, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities. Our ongoing liquidity will depend on a number of factors, including available cash resources, cash flow from operations, acquisitions or investments, funding of construction for development projects, and our compliance with covenants contained under our debt agreements. We currently believe that our operating cash flow and other sources of liquidity, as described herein, will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs on a short and long-term basis.

Operating Cash Flow

Trends in our operating cash flows tend to follow trends in operating income, excluding non-cash charges, but can be affected by changes in working capital, the timing of significant interest payments, tax payments or refunds, and distributions from unconsolidated affiliates. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $96.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to a decrease in our reportable segments’ Adjusted EBITDAR, partially offset by changes in working capital primarily related to gaming receivables, accrued gaming taxes, and advanced payments and deposits. Additionally, cash paid for interest and income taxes decreased compared to the prior year.

Investing Cash Flow

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $541.2 million, primarily relates to capital expenditures of $482.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash used in investing activities was primarily related to consideration paid for the Barstool Acquisition, net of cash acquired, of $314.6 million and capital expenditures of$360.0 million.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures are accounted for as either project capital (new facilities or expansions) or maintenance (replacement) which is inclusive of projects such as our retail sportsbooks, our cashless, cardless and contactless technology, and hotel renovations. Cash provided by operating activities, as well as cash available under our Amended Revolving Credit Facility and Revolving Facility, was available to fund our capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, as applicable.

Capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $482.7 million, inclusive of$229.4 million of capital maintenance expenditures and $253.3 million of capital project expenditures. For the year ending December 31, 2025, our anticipated capital expenditures are approximately $244.9 million, which includes capital expenditures required under our Triple Net Leases, which require us to spend a specified percentage of total revenues. Additionally for the year ending December 31, 2025, we anticipate capital project expenditures of $490.9 million, the majority of which is in connection with the PENN Development Projects pursuant to our Master Development Agreement with GLPI (as described in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements). The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225.0 million for the Aurora Project and, upon PENN’s request, up to $350.0 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement.

Financing Cash Flow

For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities totaled $186.5 million compared to $262.6 million in net cash used in financing activities in the prior year. During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities primarily related to $50.3 million in principal payments on our finance leases, $40.8 million in principal payments on our financing obligations, $37.5 million in principal debt repayments, $35.4 million in payments on insurance financing, as well as $30.5 million in indemnification payments.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities of $262.6 million primarily related to $149.8 million of common stock repurchases, $47.1 million in principal payments on our finance leases, $39.2 million in principal payments on our financing obligations, and$37.5 million in principal debt repayments.

Debt Issuance and Other long-term Obligations

On May 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its various lenders (the “Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a $1.0 billion revolving credit facility, undrawn at close, (the “Amended Revolving Credit Facility”), a five-year $550.0 million term loan A facility (the “Amended Term Loan A Facility”) and a seven-year $1.0 billion term loan B facility (the “Amended Term Loan B Facility”) (together, the “Amended Credit Facilities”). The proceeds from the Amended Credit Facilities were used to repay the existing Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B-1 Facility balances.

On December 4, 2024, PENN entered into a Second Amendment with its various lenders to reduce the interest rate margins applicable to the Company’s approximately $978 million in existing Term B Facility loans from 2.75% to 2.50% for Term SOFR loans, and from 1.75% to 1.50% for base rate loans.

At December 31, 2024, we had $2.8 billion in aggregate principal amount of indebtedness, including $1.5 billion outstanding under our Amended Credit Facilities, $330.5 million outstanding under our 2.75% unsecured convertible notes due 2026 (the “Convertible Notes”), $400.0 million outstanding under our 5.625% senior unsecured notes due 2027 (the “5.625% Notes”), $400.0 million outstanding under our 4.125% senior unsecured notes due 2029 (the “4.125% Notes”), and $210.5 million outstanding in other long-term obligations. No amounts were drawn on our Amended Revolving Credit Facility. We have no debt maturing prior to 2026. As of December 31, 2024 we had conditional obligations under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Amended Credit Facilities with face amounts aggregating to $20.9 million resulting in $979.1 million available borrowing capacity under our Amended Revolving Credit Facility. As of the date of this filing, the Company had $40.0 million in outstanding borrowings under its Amended Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in $939.1 million of available borrowing capacity.

Covenants

Our Amended Credit Facilities,5.625% Notes, and 4.125% Notes, require us, among other obligations, to maintain specified financial ratios and to satisfy certain financial tests. In addition, our Amended Credit Facilities,5.625% Notes, and 4.125% Notes, restrict, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, amend debt instruments, pay dividends, create liens on assets, make investments, engage in mergers or consolidations, and otherwise restrict corporate activities. Our debt agreements also contain customary events of default, including cross-default provisions that require us to meet certain requirements under the AR PENN Master Lease, the 2023 Master Lease, PENN Master Lease (prior to January 1, 2023), and the Pinnacle Master Lease (all of which are defined in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements), each with GLPI. If we are unable to meet our financial covenants or in the event of a cross-default, it could trigger an acceleration of payment terms.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants. The Company believes that it will remain in compliance with all of its required financial covenants for at least the next 12 months following the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K with the SEC.

See Note 10, “Long-term Debt” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information of the Company’s debt and other long-term obligations.

Share Repurchase Authorizations

During the second quarter of 2023, we completed our $750 million share repurchase authorization approved by the Board of Directors on February 1, 2022 (the “February 2022 Authorization”).

On December 6, 2022, a second share repurchase program was authorized for an additional $750 million (the “December 2022 Authorization”). The December 2022 Authorization expires on December 31, 2025.

The Company utilized the capacity under the February 2022 Authorization prior to effecting any repurchases under the December 2022 Authorization. Repurchases by the Company are subject to available liquidity, general market and economic conditions, alternate uses for the capital and other factors. Share repurchases may be made from time to time through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, open market transactions, block trades or in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations and other legal requirements. There is no minimum number of shares that the Company is required to repurchase and the repurchase authorization may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.

No shares of the Company’s common stock were repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 5,438,221 shares of its common stock in open market transactions for $149.8 million at an average price of $27.54 per share under the February 2022 and December 2022 Authorizations. The cost of all repurchased shares is recorded to “Treasury stock” within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

No shares of the Company’s common stock were repurchased subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2024. As of February 27, 2025, the remaining availability under our December 2022 Authorization was $749.5 million.

Other Factors Affecting Liquidity

ESPN BET Sportsbook Agreement

On August 8, 2023, PENN entered into the Sportsbook Agreement with ESPN which provides for a long-term strategic relationship between PENN and ESPN relating to online sports betting in the United States. In November 2023, the existing Barstool Sportsbook was rebranded and launched across all online platforms in the United States as ESPN BET, which included our Hollywood Casino-branded integrated iCasino offering within the sportsbook app in select U.S jurisdictions. The Sportsbook Agreement has an initial 10-year term and may be extended for an additional ten years upon mutual agreement of PENN and ESPN. In consideration for the media marketing services and brand and other rights provided by ESPN, PENN will pay $150.0 million per year in cash pursuant to the Sportsbook Agreement for the initial 10-year term and issue warrants pursuant to the Investment Agreement (see Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).

Triple Net Leases

The majority of the real estate assets (i.e., land and buildings) used in our operations are subject to triple net master leases; the most significant of which are the AR PENN Master Lease, 2023 Master Lease, PENN Master Lease (prior to January 1, 2023), and Pinnacle Master Lease (as such terms are defined in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, and collectively referred to as the “Master Leases”) with GLPI. We refer to the Master Leases, Perryville Lease (where applicable), the Meadows Lease (where applicable), the Margaritaville Lease, the Greektown Lease, the Tropicana Lease (terminated September 26, 2022) and the Morgantown Lease, collectively, as our “Triple Net Leases.” The Company’s Triple Net Leases are accounted for as either operating leases, finance leases, or financing obligations.

On February 21, 2023, the Company and GLPI entered into the AR PENN Master Lease, effective January 1, 2023, which amended and restated the PENN Master Lease to (i) remove the land and buildings for Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, and the M Resort, and (ii) make associated adjustments to the rent after which the initial rent in the AR PENN Master Lease was reset to $284.1 million, consisting of $208.2 million of building base rent, $43.0 million of land base rent, and $32.9 million of percentage rent (as such terms are defined in the AR PENN Master Lease). The AR PENN Master Lease remains subject to annual rent escalators and a percentage rent reset every five years.

Concurrent with the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the Company and GLPI entered into the 2023 Master Lease, effective January 1, 2023, specific to the properties associated with Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, M Resort, Meadows, and Perryville and the Master Development Agreement. The 2023 Master Lease terminated the individual triple net leases associated with Meadows and Perryville. The 2023 Master Lease incurs a 1.5% fixed escalator on November 1 of each year, and is also subject to a one-time increase of $1.4 million effective November 1, 2027. The 2023 Master Lease and AR PENN Master Lease are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee.

The 2023 Master Lease includes the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent equal to $232.2 million and the Master Development Agreement contains additional rent (together with the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent, the “2023 Master Lease Rent”) equal to (i) 7.75% of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for the Aurora Project and (ii) a percentage, based on the then-current GLPI stock price, of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for the Other Development Projects. The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225 million for the Aurora Project and, upon PENN’s request, up to $350 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. These funding obligations of GLPI expire on January 1, 2026. We expect our new Joliet facility to open in the fourth quarter of 2025, and the new hotel tower at the M Resort, the new Aurora facility, and the Columbus hotel tower to open in the first half of 2026.

Under our Triple Net Leases, in addition to lease payments for the real estate assets, we are required to pay the following, among other things: (i) all facility maintenance; (ii) all insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties; (iii) taxes levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on the income of the lessor); (iv) all tenant capital improvements; and (v) all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties. As of December 31, 2024, we are required to make total annual minimum rent payments of $969.7 million, of which$953.2 million relates to our Triple Net Leases. Additionally, our Triple Net Leases are subject to annual escalators and periodic percentage rent resets, as applicable. See Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion and disclosure related to the Company’s leases.

Payments to our REIT Landlords under Triple Net Leases

Total payments made to our REIT Landlords, GLPI and VICI, were as follows:

(1)Cash rent payable under the Tropicana Lease was nominal prior to the lease termination on September 26, 2022. Therefore, it has been excluded from the table above.

Other Contractual Cash Obligations

The following table presents our other contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2024:

(1)Excludes the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $44.8 million, as we cannot reasonably estimate the period of cash settlement with the respective taxing authorities. Additionally, it does not include a total of $243.1 million related to the payments associated with our (i) contingent purchase price obligations; and (ii) financing arrangement in which we received upfront cash proceeds permitting us to participate in future claims, as they are not fixed obligations.

Outlook

Based on our current level of operations, we believe that cash generated from operations and cash on hand, together with amounts available under our Amended Credit Facilities, will be adequate to meet our anticipated obligations under our Triple Net Leases, debt service requirements, capital expenditures and working capital needs for the foreseeable future. However, our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations will depend on a range of economic, competitive and business factors, many of which are outside our control. We cannot be certain: (i) of the impact of price inflation, changes in interest rates on the U.S. economy, economic uncertainty, and geopolitical uncertainty; (ii) that our anticipated earnings projections will be realized; (iii) that we will achieve the expected synergies from our acquisitions and joint ventures; and (iv) that future borrowings will be available under our Amended Credit Facilities or otherwise will be available in the credit markets to enable us to service our indebtedness or to make anticipated capital expenditures. We caution that the performance and trends seen across our portfolio may not continue. In addition, while we anticipated that a significant amount of our future growth would come through the pursuit of opportunities within other distribution channels, such as media, retail, and online gaming; from acquisitions of gaming properties at reasonable valuations; greenfield projects; development projects; and jurisdictional expansions and property expansion in under-penetrated markets; there can be no assurance that this will be the case. If we consummate significant acquisitions in the future or undertake any significant property expansions, our cash requirements may increase significantly, and we may need to make additional borrowings or complete equity or debt financings to meet these requirements. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Capital Structure” within“Item 1A. Risk Factors,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on additional financing risks.

We have historically maintained a capital structure comprised of a mix of equity and debt financing. We vary our leverage to pursue opportunities in the marketplace in an effort to maximize our enterprise value for our shareholders. We expect to meet our debt obligations as they come due through internally-generated funds from operations and/or refinancing them through the debt or equity markets prior to their maturity.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For information on new accounting pronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on our Consolidated Financial Statements, see Note 3, “New Accounting Pronouncements” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. The nature of the estimates and assumptions are material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain factors or the susceptibility of such factors to change. The development and selection of critical accounting estimates, and the related disclosures, have been reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $2.6 billion in goodwill and $1.5 billion in other intangible assets, netwithin its Consolidated Balance Sheets, represen ting 16.8% and 10.0% of total assets, respectively. These intangible assets require significant management estimates and judgment pertaining to: (i) the valuation in connection with initial purchase price allocations and (ii) the ongoing evaluation for impairment. Our annual goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment test is performed on October 1st of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. As a result of our annual test completed during the fourth quarter of 2024, we recognized $12.3 million in impairment charges on goodwill in our South and Midwest segments, $69.3 million in impairment charges on our gaming licenses in our Northeast and South segments, and $7.5 million in impairment charges on our trademarks in our Northeast and South segments. For further discussion, see Note 8, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Once an impairment of goodwill or other intangible asset has been recorded, it cannot be reversed. Since the Company’s goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, there may be volatility in reported net income or loss because impairment losses, if any, are likely to occur irregularly and in varying amounts. Intangible assets that have a definite life are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or related service contract. The Company reviews the carrying amount of its amortizing intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the amortizing intangible assets exceed their fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

Revenue and earnings streams within our industry can vary significantly based on various circumstances, which in many cases, are outside of the Company’s control, and as such are difficult to predict and quantify. We have disclosed several of these circumstances in“Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Interactive goodwill

Goodwill at our Interactive segment comprises $1.5 billion of the total $2.6 billion balance as of December 31, 2024. For our quantitative goodwill impairment test for the Interactive goodwill, an income approach, in which a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model is utilized, and a market-based approach using guideline public company multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) from Interactive’s peer group are utilized in order to estimate the fair market value of the Interactive reporting unit. The Company compares the fair value of the Interactive reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the Interactive reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment is recorded equal to the amount of the excess (not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the Interactive reporting unit).

The evaluation of goodwill requires the use of estimates about future operating results of the Interactive reporting unit to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. The Company must make various assumptions and estimates in performing its impairment testing. The implied fair value includes estimates of future cash flows that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions which represent the Company’s best estimates of the cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets including their eventual disposition. Significant assumptions utilized in the estimation of future cash flows for the Interactive reporting unit include forecasted revenues, forecasted operating expenses, the discount rate used in the valuation, and the terminal year EBITDA exit multiple. These significant assumptions are complex and subjective. They are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors, such as industry, geopolitical and economic trends, and internal factors, such as changes in the Company’s business strategy, which may re-allocate capital and resources to different or new opportunities which management believes will enhance its overall value but may be to the detriment of the Interactive reporting unit. Changes in estimates, increases in the Company’s cost of capital, reductions in transaction multiples, changes in operating and capital expenditure assumptions, or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from the Company’s estimates. If our ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may have to record impairment charges in future periods. Our estimates of cash flows are based on the current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating information, and budgets of the Interactive reporting unit. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state, provincial, or local regulations, economic downturns, or other events affecting our Interactive segment.

Forecasted cash flows (based on our annual operating plan as determined in the fourth quarter) can be significantly impacted by the local economies in which our Interactive reporting unit operates. Increases in unemployment rates, inflation and/or interest rates can also result in decreased customer activity and/or lower customer spend. Additionally, increases in gaming taxes approved by state and provincial regulatory bodies can negatively impact forecasted cash flows.

Gaming licenses

We consider our gaming licenses as indefinite-lived intangible assets that do not require amortization based on our future expectations to operate our gaming properties indefinitely as well as our historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost with various jurisdictional commissions. Rather, these gaming licenses are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, by comparing the fair value of the recorded assets to their carrying amount. If the carrying amounts of the gaming licenses exceed their fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

We assess the fair value of our gaming licenses using the Greenfield Method under the income approach, which estimates the fair value of the gaming license using a DCF model assuming we built a new casino with similar utility to that of the existing casino. The method assumes a theoretical start-up company going into business without any assets other than the intangible asset being valued. As such, the value of the gaming license is a function of the following assumptions:

•Projected revenues and operating cash flows (including an allocation of the projected payments under any applicable Triple Net Lease);

•Estimated construction costs and duration;

•Estimated pre-opening expenses; and

•Discounting that reflects the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows attributable to the license.

In general, as it pertains to the Triple Net Leases, such amounts are allocated based on the reporting unit’s projected Adjusted EBITDAR as a percentage of the aggregate estimated Adjusted EBITDAR of all reporting units subject to each of the Triple Net Leases, as applicable.

The evaluation of gaming license intangible assets requires the use of estimates about future operating results of each reporting unit to determine the estimated fair value of the gaming license indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company must make various assumptions and estimates in performing its impairment testing. The implied fair value includes estimates of future cash flows (including an allocation of the projected payments under any applicable Triple Net Lease) that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions which represent the Company’s best estimates of the cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets including their eventual disposition. Changes in estimates, increases in the Company’s cost of capital, reductions in transaction multiples, changes in operating and capital expenditure assumptions or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from the Company’s estimates. If our ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may have to record impairment charges in future periods. Our estimates of cash flows are based on the current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating information and budgets of the various properties where it conducts operations. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state, or local regulations, economic downturns, or other events affecting our properties.

Forecasted cash flows (based on our annual operating plan as determined in the fourth quarter) can be significantly impacted by the local economy in which our reporting units operate. Increases in unemployment rates, inflation and/or interest rates can also result in decreased customer visitation and/or lower customer spend per visit. Additionally, increases in gaming taxes approved by state regulatory bodies can negatively impact forecasted cash flows.

Assumptions and estimates about future cash flow levels, discount rates and multiples by individual reporting units are complex and subjective. They are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors, such as industry, geopolitical and economic trends, and internal factors, such as changes in the Company’s business strategy, which may re-allocate capital and resources to different or new opportunities which management believes will enhance its overall value but may be to the detriment of an individual reporting unit.

Reporting units with gaming licenses which were identified during our 2024 annual impairment assessment, performed as of October 1, 2024, as having less than a substantial passing margin, in addition to goodwill at our Interactive reporting unit, were subject to a sensitivity analysis to determine the potential impairment losses: