HELEN OF TROY LTD

(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data, unless indicated otherwise)

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Related Information

Corporate Overview

When used in these notes within this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”), unless otherwise indicated or the context suggests otherwise, references to “the Company”, “our Company”, “Helen of Troy”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to Helen of Troy Limited and its subsidiaries, which are all wholly-owned. We refer to our common shares, par value $0.10 per share, as “common stock.” References to “the FASB” refer to the Financial Accounting Standards Board. References to “GAAP” refer to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (the “U.S.”). References to “ASU” refer to the codification of GAAP in the Accounting Standards Updates issued by the FASB. References to “ASC” refer to the codification of GAAP in the Accounting Standards Codification issued by the FASB.

We incorporated as Helen of Troy Corporation in Texas in 1968 and were reorganized as Helen of Troy Limited in Bermuda in 1994. We are a leading global consumer products company offering creative products and solutions for our customers through a diversified portfolio of brands. As of February 29, 2024, we operatedtwo reportable segments: Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness.

Our Home & Outdoor segment offers a broad range of outstanding world-class brands that help consumers enjoy everyday living inside their homes and outdoors. Our innovative products for home activities include food preparation and storage, cooking, cleaning, organization, and beverage service. Our outdoor performance range, on-the-go food storage, and beverageware includes lifestyle hydration products, coolers and food storage solutions, backpacks, and travel gear. The Beauty & Wellness segment provides consumers with a broad range of outstanding world-class brands for beauty and wellness. In Beauty, we deliver innovation through products such as hair styling appliances, grooming tools, and liquid and aerosol personal care products that help consumers look and feel more beautiful. In Wellness, we are there when you need us most with highly regarded humidifiers, thermometers, water and air purifiers, heaters, and fans.

Our business is seasonal due to different calendar events, holidays and seasonal weather and illness patterns. Our fiscal reporting period ends on the last day in February. Historically, our highest sales volume and operating income occur in our third fiscal quarter ending November 30th. We purchase our products from unaffiliated manufacturers, most of which are located in China, Mexico, Vietnam and the U.S.

During fiscal 2023, we initiated a global restructuring plan intended to expand operating margins through initiatives designed to improve efficiency and effectiveness and reduce costs (referred to as “Project Pegasus”). See Note 11 for additional information.

On April 22, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Recipe Products Ltd., a producer of innovative prestige hair care products for all types of curly and wavy hair under the Curlsmith brand (“Curlsmith”). The total purchase consideration was $147.9 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. The Curlsmith brand and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness segment. See Note 6 for additional information.

On December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Osprey Packs, Inc. (“Osprey”), a longtime U.S. leader in technical and everyday packs, for $409.3 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. The Osprey brand and products were added to the Home & Outdoor segment. See Note 6 for additional information.

During fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2023, we divested certain assets within our Beauty & Wellness segment's mass channel personal care business, which included liquid, powder and aerosol products under brands such as Pert, Brut, Sure and Infusium (“Personal Care”). On June 7, 2021, we completed the sale of our North America Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $44.7 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $0.5 million. On March 25, 2022, we completed the sale of the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $1.8 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $1.3 million. The net assets sold included intangible assets, inventory, certain net trade receivables, fixed assets and certain accrued sales discounts and allowances relating to our Personal Care business. Income before income tax expense for our Personal Care business was $5.5 million in fiscal 2022, inclusive of corporate overhead expenses that were allocable to the business.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and include all of our subsidiaries. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in U.S. Dollars. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

Reclassifications

We have recast or separately disclosed certain amounts in the prior years’ accompanying footnotes to conform with the current year’s presentation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. We maintain cash and cash equivalents at several financial institutions, which at times may not be federally insured or may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risks on such accounts. We consider money market accounts to be cash equivalents.

Receivables

Our receivables are comprised of trade receivables from customers, primarily in the retail industry, offset by an allowance for credit losses. Our allowance for credit losses reflects our best estimate of expected credit losses over the receivables' term, determined principally based on historical experience, specific allowances for known at-risk accounts, and consideration of current economic conditions and management’s expectations of future economic conditions. Our policy is to write off receivables when we have determined they will no longer be collectible. Write-offs are applied as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses and any recoveries of previous write-offs are netted against bad debt expense in the period recovered.

We have a significant concentration of credit risk with three major customers at February 29, 2024 representing approximately 20%,14%, and 12% of our gross trade receivables, respectively. As of February 28, 2023, our significant concentration of credit risk with three major customers represented approximately 18%,15%, and 13% of our gross trade receivables, respectively. In addition, as of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, approximately 55% and 52%, respectively, of our gross trade receivables were due from our five top customers.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries and is also the reporting currency for the Company; therefore, we do not have a translation adjustment recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income. All our non-U.S. subsidiaries' transactions denominated in other currencies have been remeasured into U.S. Dollars using exchange rates in effect on the date each transaction occurred. In our consolidated statements of income, foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of foreign income taxes receivables and payables and deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized in income tax expense, and all other foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses are recognized in SG&A.

We mitigate certain foreign currency exchange rate risk by using forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our transactions denominated in foreign currencies. For additional information on our derivatives see “Financial Instruments” below.

Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold

Our inventory consists almost entirely of finished goods. Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. We write down a portion of our inventory to net realizable value based on the historical sales trends of products and estimates about future demand and market conditions, among other factors. Our average costs include the amounts we pay manufacturers for product, tariffs and duties associated with transporting product across national borders, freight costs associated with transporting the product from our manufacturers to our distribution facilities, and general and administrative expenses directly attributable to acquiring inventory, as applicable.

General and administrative expenses directly attributable to acquiring inventory include all the expenses of operating our sourcing activities and expenses incurred for packaging. We capitalized $23.4 million, $22.9 million, and $26.0 million of such general and administrative expenses into inventory during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We estimate that $8.9 million and $11.7 million of general and administrative expenses directly attributable to the procurement of inventory were included in our inventory balances on hand at February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, respectively.

The “Cost of goods sold” line item in the consolidated statements of income is comprised of the book value of inventory sold to customers during the reporting period and depreciation expense of tooling, molds and other production equipment. When circumstances dictate that we use net realizable value as the basis for recording inventory, we base our estimates on expected future selling prices less expected disposal costs.

For fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, finished goods purchased from vendors in Asia comprised approximately 79%,87%, and 88%, respectively, of total finished goods purchased. During fiscal 2024, we had two vendors (located in China) who fulfilled approximately 7% and 5% of our product requirements compared to two vendors (located in China) who each fulfilled approximately 6% for fiscal 2023. During fiscal 2022, we had one vendor (located in China) who fulfilled approximately 9% of our product requirements. Additionally, during fiscal 2024, we had one vendor (located in Mexico) who fulfilled approximately 12% of our product requirements compared to approximately 7% for both fiscal 2023 and 2022. For fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, our top two vendors combined fulfilled approximately 19%,13%, and 16% of our product requirements, respectively. For fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, our top five vendors fulfilled approximately 33%,29%, and 36% of our product requirements, respectively.

Property and Equipment

These assets are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Expenditures for repair and maintenance of property and equipment are expensed as incurred. For tax purposes, accelerated depreciation methods are used where allowed by tax laws.

Trademark License Agreements, Trade Names, Patents, and Other Intangible Assets

A significant portion of our sales are made subject to trademark license agreements with various licensors. Our license agreements are reported on our consolidated balance sheets at cost, less accumulated amortization. The cost of our license agreements represent amounts paid to licensors to acquire the license or to alter the terms of the license in a manner that we believe to be in our best interest. Certain licenses have extension terms that may require additional payments to the licensor as part of the terms of renewal. We capitalize costs incurred to renew or extend the term of a license agreement and amortize such costs on a straight-line basis over the remaining term or economic life of the agreement, whichever is shorter. Royalty payments are not included in the cost of license agreements. Royalty expense under our license agreements is recognized as incurred and is included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. Net sales revenue subject to trademark license agreements, the majority of which require royalty payments, comprised approximately 37%,40%, and 46% of consolidated net sales revenue for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During fiscal 2024, two license agreements each accounted for net sales revenue of approximately 10% of consolidated net sales revenue, one of which does not require royalty payments. No other trademark license agreements had associated net sales revenue that accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales revenue.

We also sell products under trade names that we own for which we have registered trademarks. Trade names that we acquire through acquisition from other entities are generally recorded on our consolidated balance sheets based upon the appraised fair value of the acquired asset, net of any accumulated amortization and impairment charges. Costs associated with developing trade names internally are recorded as expenses in the period incurred. In certain instances where trade names have readily determinable useful lives, we amortize their costs on a straight-line basis over such lives. In some instances, we have determined that such acquired assets have an indefinite useful life. In these cases, no amortization is recorded. Patents acquired through acquisition, if material, are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets based upon the appraised value of the acquired patents and amortized over the remaining life of the patent. Additionally, we incur certain costs in connection with the design and development of products to be covered by patents, which are capitalized as incurred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the patent in the jurisdiction filed, typically 12 to 14 years.

Other intangible assets include customer relationships, customer lists and non-compete agreements that we acquired. These are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets based upon the fair value of the acquired asset and amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the asset as determined either by a third-party appraisal or the term of any controlling agreements.

Goodwill, Intangible and Other Long-Lived Assets and Related Impairment Testing

Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid and the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets received in the acquisition of a business. The fair value of our assets acquired and liabilities assumed are typically based upon valuations performed by independent third-party appraisers.

We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. We consider whether circumstances or conditions exist which suggest that the carrying value of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. If such circumstances or conditions exist, we perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). If the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired, further steps are required in order to determine whether the carrying value of each reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeds its fair market value. An impairment charge is recognized to the extent the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset recorded exceeds the reporting unit’s or asset's fair value. We perform our annual impairment testing for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the beginning of the fourth quarter of our fiscal year (see Note 7).

We review intangible assets with definite lives and long-lived assets held and used if a triggering event occurs during the reporting period. If such circumstances or conditions exist, further steps are required in order to determine whether the carrying value of each of the individual assets exceeds its fair market value. If our analysis indicates that an individual asset’s carrying value does exceed its fair market value, the next step is to record a loss equal to the excess of the individual asset’s carrying value over its fair value. We evaluate any long-lived assets held for sale quarterly to determine if estimated fair value less cost to sell has changed during the reporting period.

The assumptions and estimates used in our impairment testing involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis. While we believe that the assumptions we use are reasonable at the time made, changes in business conditions or other unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that cause actual results to differ materially from projected results and this could potentially require future adjustments to our asset valuations.

Economic Useful Lives and Amortization of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist primarily of trademark license agreements, trade names, customer relationships and lists, patents, and non-compete agreements. We amortize intangible assets over their economic useful lives, unless those assets' economic useful lives are indefinite. If an intangible asset’s economic useful life is deemed indefinite, that asset is not amortized. The determination of the economic useful life of an intangible asset requires a significant amount of judgment and entails significant subjectivity and uncertainty. When we acquire an intangible asset, we consider factors such as the asset's history, our plans for that asset and the market for products associated with the asset. We consider these same factors when reviewing the economic useful lives of our previously acquired intangible assets as well. We review the economic useful lives of our intangible assets at least annually. We complete our analysis of the remaining useful economic lives of our intangible assets during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or when a triggering event occurs. For certain intangible assets subject to amortization, we use the straight-line method over appropriate periods ranging from 5 to 40 years for trademark licenses,15 to 30 years for trade names,4.5 to 24 years for customer relationships and lists, and 5 to 20 years for other definite-lived intangible assets (see Note 7).

Financial Instruments

We use derivatives to manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which include foreign currency forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps. In addition, we use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. All of our derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. Derivatives for which we have elected and qualify for hedge accounting include certain of our forward contracts (“foreign currency contracts”) and interest rate swaps. Our foreign currency contracts and interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and changes in fair value are recorded in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (“OCI”) until the hedge transaction is settled, at which point amounts are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (“AOCI”) to our consolidated statements of income. We evaluate our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges each quarter to assess hedge effectiveness. Foreign currency derivatives for which we have not elected hedge accounting consist of certain forward contracts and our cross-currency debt swaps, and any changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded in our consolidated statements of income. These undesignated derivatives are used to hedge monetary net asset and liability positions. Cash flows from our foreign currency derivatives and interest rate swaps are classified as cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows, which is consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged item. Accordingly, we present interest paid net of cash flows from our interest rate swaps as supplemental information to our consolidated statements of cash flows. We do not enter into any derivatives or similar instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. We also invest in U.S. Treasury Bills as a component of our capital management strategy, which are recorded at amortized cost. See Notes 14, 15 and 16 for more information on our fair value measurements, investments and derivatives.

Income Taxes and Uncertain Tax Positions

The provision for income tax expense is calculated on reported income before income taxes based on current tax law and includes, in the current period, the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Tax laws may require items to be included in the determination of taxable income at different times from when the items are reflected in the financial statements. Deferred tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases, as well as from net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards, and are stated at enacted tax rates in effect for the year taxes are expected to be paid or recovered.

Deferred tax assets represent tax benefits for tax deductions or credits available in future years and require certain estimates and assumptions to determine whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the benefit will not be realized. The recoverability of these future tax deductions and credits is determined by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years, estimated future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. Should a change in facts or circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the ultimate recoverability of a deferred tax asset, we record or adjust the related valuation allowance in the period that the change in facts and circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or decrease in income tax expense.

We record tax benefits for uncertain tax positions based upon management’s evaluation of the information available at the reporting date. To be recognized in the financial statements, the tax position must meet the more-likely-than-not threshold that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authority based on its technical merits assuming the tax authority has full knowledge of all relevant information. For positions meeting this recognition threshold, the benefit is measured as the largest amount that has greater than a 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, historical experience with similar tax matters, guidance from our tax advisors, and new audit activity. For tax positions that do not meet the threshold requirement, we record liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits as a tax expense or benefit in the period recognized or reversed in our consolidated financial statements, including related accrued interest and penalties.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue is primarily generated from the sale of non-customized consumer products to customers. These products are promised goods that are distinct performance obligations. Revenue is recognized when control of, and title to, the product sold transfers to the customer in accordance with applicable shipping terms, which can occur on the date of shipment or the date of receipt by the customer, depending on the customer and the agreed upon shipping terms. Payment terms from the sale of our products are typically due to us in thirty to ninety days after the date of sale.

We measure revenue as the amount of consideration for which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods. We allow for sales returns for defects in material and workmanship for periods ranging fromone tofive years, which are accounted for as variable consideration. We recognize an accrual for sales returns to reduce sales to reflect our best estimate of future customer returns, determined principally based on historical experience and specific allowances for known pending returns.

Certain customers may receive cash incentives such as customer, trade, and advertising discounts as well as other customer-related programs, which are also accounted for as variable consideration. In some cases, we apply judgment, such as contractual rates and historical payment trends, when estimating variable consideration. Most of our variable consideration is classified as a reduction to net sales. In instances when we purchase a distinct good or service from our customer and fair value can be reasonably estimated, these amounts are expensed in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. The amount of consideration granted to customers recorded in SG&A was $44.7 million, $40.2 million, and $39.0 million for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Sales taxes and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue. We have elected to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost as permitted by the guidance. We do not have unsatisfied performance obligations since our performance obligations are satisfied at a single point in time.

Advertising

Advertising costs include cooperative retail advertising with our customers, traditional and digital media advertising and production expenses, and expenses associated with other promotional product messaging and consumer awareness programs. Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred and included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. We incurred total advertising costs of $106.8 million, $98.5 million, and $96.4 million during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is inclusive of the amounts described above for consideration granted to customers.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and employee benefit expenses and contracted development efforts and expenses associated with development of products. Expenditures for research activities relating to product design, engineering, development and improvement are generally charged to expense as incurred and are included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. We incurred total research and development expenses of $56.5 million, $47.8 million, and $54.0 million during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Revenue and Expense

Shipping and handling revenue and expense are included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. This includes distribution facility costs, third-party logistics costs and outbound transportation costs we incur. Our net expense for shipping and handling was $156.7 million, $162.0 million, and $173.4 million during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation Plans

We grant share-based compensation awards to non-employee directors and certain associates under our equity plans. We measure the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards, which include grants of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock awards (“PSAs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”), based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. These awards may be subject to attainment of certain service conditions, performance conditions and/or market conditions. Share-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, unless the awards are subject to performance conditions (“Performance Condition Awards”), in which case we recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period to the extent performance conditions are considered probable. Estimating the number of shares of Performance Condition Awards that are probable of vesting requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment to share-based compensation expense in the period estimates are revised. Share-based compensation expense is recorded ratably for PSAs and PSUs subject to attainment of market conditions (“Market Condition Awards”) during the requisite service period and is not reversed, except for forfeitures, at the vesting date regardless of whether the market condition is met. All share-based compensation expense is recorded net of forfeitures in our consolidated statements of income.

The grant date fair value of RSAs, RSUs, PSAs, and PSUs is determined using the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant, except for Market Condition Awards, in which case we use a Monte Carlo simulation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables to estimate the probability that market conditions will be achieved and is applied to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. See Note 8 for further information on our share-based compensation plans.

Note 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations, which requires a buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. The amendments in ASU 2022-04 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with the exception for the amendment on rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The guidance should be applied retrospectively, except for the amendment on rollforward information, which should be applied prospectively. This ASU was effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, with the exception of the amendment on rollforward information, which will be effective for us in our Form 10-K for fiscal 2025. We adopted this ASU during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Prior to the issuance of this guidance, contract assets and contract liabilities were recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The amendments in ASU 2021-08 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, and should be applied prospectively to acquisitions occurring on or after the effective date. We adopted this ASU during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. This ASU will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 and our Form 10-Q for the first quarter of fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU may have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. This ASU will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU may have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

Note 3 - Leases

We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception and determine its classification as an operating or finance lease at lease commencement. We primarily have leases for office space, which are classified as operating leases. Operating leases are included in operating lease assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and lease liabilities, non-current in our consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our lease contracts do not provide an explicit interest rate, we use an estimated secured incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

We include options to extend or terminate the lease in the lease term for accounting considerations, when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 9 years. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We do not recognize leases with an initial term of twelve months or less on the balance sheet and instead recognize the related lease payments as expense in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all asset classes. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Operating lease expense recognized within SG&A in the consolidated statements of income was $14.8 million, $16.3 million, and $13.3 million for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively and includes short-term lease expense of $4.6 million, $6.4 million, and $3.7 million for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The non-cash component of lease expense is included as an adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

A summary of supplemental lease information was as follows:

A summary of our estimated lease payments, imputed interest and liabilities was as follows:

(1)Included as part of “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheet.

Note 4 - Property and Equipment

A summary of property and equipment was as follows:

We recorded $33.2 million, $26.4 million and $23.1 million of depreciation expense including $12.6 million, $13.0 million and $10.0 million in cost of goods sold and $20.6 million, $13.4 million and $13.1 million in SG&A in the consolidated statements of income for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In March 2023, we completed the construction of an additional distribution facility in Gallaway, Tennessee that became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and currently services some of our Home & Outdoor segment.

On September 28, 2023, we completed the sale of our distribution and office facilities in El Paso, Texas, for a sales price of $50.6 million, less transaction costs of $1.1 million. Concurrently, we entered into an agreement to leaseback the office facilities for a period of up to 18 months substantially rent free, which we estimated to have a fair value of approximately $1.9 million. The transaction qualified for sales recognition under the sale leaseback accounting requirements. Accordingly, we increased the sales price by the $1.9 million of prepaid rent and recognized a gain on the sale of $34.2 million within SG&A during fiscal 2024, of which $18.0 million and $16.2 million was recognized by our Beauty & Wellness and Home & Outdoor segments, respectively. The related property and equipment, totaling $17.2 million net of accumulated depreciation of $36.8 million, was derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet, and at lease commencement, we recorded an operating lease asset, which includes the imputed rent payments described above, and an operating lease liability. See Note 3 for additional information regarding our leases. We used the proceeds from the sale to repay amounts outstanding under our long-term debt agreement.

Note 5 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

A summary of accrued expenses and other current liabilities was as follows:

Note 6 - Acquisitions

Curlsmith

On April 22, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Recipe Products Ltd., a producer of innovative prestige hair care products for all types of curly and wavy hair under the Curlsmith brand. Curlsmith's products are a category leader in the prestige market for curly hair and include conditioners, shampoos and co-washes purposefully designed for the unique joys and challenges of all types of curls and textured hair. The Curlsmith brand and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness segment. The total purchase consideration was $147.9 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment of $2.1 million and cash acquired. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility. We incurred pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.7 million during fiscal 2023, which were recognized in SG&A within our consolidated statement of income.

We accounted for the acquisition as a purchase of a business and recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies including leveraging our Beauty & Wellness segment's existing marketing and sales structure, as well as our global sourcing, distribution, shared services, and international go-to-market capabilities. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We have determined the appropriate fair values of the acquired intangible assets and completed our analysis of the economic lives of the assets acquired. We assigned $21.0 million to trade names and are amortizing over a 20 year expected life. We assigned $12.0 million to customer relationships and are amortizing over a 19.5 year expected life, based on historical attrition rates.

During fiscal 2023, we made adjustments to provisional asset and liability balances, which resulted in a corresponding net increase to goodwill of $0.1 million. We also finalized the net working capital adjustment during fiscal 2023, which resulted in a $1.8 million reduction to the total purchase consideration and goodwill. During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we made final adjustments to provisional liability balances, which resulted in a corresponding increase to goodwill of $0.3 million.

The following table presents the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

The impact of the acquisition of Curlsmith on our consolidated statement of income for fiscal 2023 was as follows:

(1)Represents approximately forty-five weeks of operating results from Curlsmith, acquired April 22, 2022. Net income and EPS amounts include allocations for corporate expenses, interest expense and income tax expense.

The following supplemental unaudited pro forma information presents our financial results as if the acquisition of Curlsmith had occurred on March 1, 2021. This supplemental pro forma information has been prepared for comparative purposes and does not necessarily indicate what may have occurred if the acquisition had been completed on March 1, 2021, and this information is not intended to be indicative of future results:

These amounts have been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the results of Curlsmith to reflect the effect of definite-lived intangible assets recognized as part of the business combination on amortization expense as if the acquisition had occurred on March 1, 2021.

Osprey

On December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Osprey, a longtime U.S. leader in technical and everyday packs. Osprey is highly respected in the outdoor industry with a product lineup that includes a wide range of backpacks and daypacks for hiking, mountaineering, skiing, climbing, mountain biking, trail running, commuting, and school, as well as rugged adventure travel packs, wheeled luggage, and travel accessories. The Osprey brand and products were added to the Home & Outdoor segment. The total purchase consideration, net of cash acquired, was $409.3 million in cash, including the impact of a final $10.7 million favorable net working capital adjustment. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility. We incurred pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $0.1 million and $2.4 million during fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, which were recognized in SG&A within our consolidated statements of income.

We accounted for the acquisition as a purchase of a business and recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies including leveraging our information systems, shared services capabilities and international footprint. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

During fiscal 2023, we made final adjustments to provisional asset and liability balances, which resulted in a corresponding net increase to goodwill of $2.3 million. We also finalized the net working capital adjustment, which resulted in a $1.6 million reduction to the total purchase consideration and goodwill.

The following table presents the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

The impact of the acquisition of Osprey on our consolidated statement of income for fiscal 2022 was as follows:

(1)Net income and EPS amounts include allocations for corporate expenses, interest expense and income tax expense.

The following supplemental unaudited pro forma information presents our financial results as if the acquisition of Osprey had occurred on March 1, 2020. This supplemental pro forma information has been prepared for comparative purposes and does not necessarily indicate what may have occurred if the acquisition had been completed on March 1, 2020, and this information is not intended to be indicative of future results:

These amounts have been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the results of Osprey to reflect the effect of definite-lived intangible assets recognized as part of the business combination on amortization expense as if the acquisition had occurred on March 1, 2020.

Note 7 - Goodwill and Intangibles

Amortization expense is recorded for intangible assets with definite useful lives and is reported within SG&A in our consolidated statements of income. Some of our goodwill is held in jurisdictions that allow deductions for tax purposes; however, in some of those jurisdictions we have no tax basis for the associated goodwill recorded for book purposes. Accordingly, the majority of our goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. We perform annual impairment testing each fiscal year and interim impairment testing, if necessary. We write down any asset deemed to be impaired to its fair value.

During fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, we didnot record any impairment charges related to goodwill or intangible assets.

The following table summarizes the changes in our goodwill by segment for fiscal 2024 and 2023:

(1)Reflects the goodwill recorded in the Home & Outdoor segment in connection with the acquisition of Osprey on December 29, 2021. For additional information see Note 6.

(2)Reflects the goodwill recorded in the Beauty & Wellness segment in connection with the acquisition of Curlsmith on April 22, 2022. For additional information see Note 6.

The following table summarizes the components of our other intangible assets as follows:

(1)Balances as of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023 include intangible assets recorded in connection with the acquisitions of Curlsmith and Osprey on April 22, 2022, and December 29, 2021, respectively. For additional information see Note 6.

The following tables summarize amortization expense related to our other intangible assets as follows:

Note 8 - Share-Based Compensation Plans

During the fiscal year, we had equity activity underone expired andtwo active share-based compensation plans. The expired plan consists of the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”). The active plans consist of the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) and the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2018 ESPP”). The plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which consists of non-employee directors who are independent under the applicable listing standards for companies traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC.

2018 Plan

On August 22, 2018, our shareholders approved the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan permits the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, PSAs, PSUs, and other stock-based awards. The aggregate number of shares for issuance under the 2018 Plan will not exceed 2,000,000 shares and as of February 29, 2024,697,829 shares were available for issuance.

2018 ESPP

On August 22, 2018, our shareholders approved the 2018 ESPP. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be purchased under the 2018 ESPP will not exceed 750,000 shares. Under the terms of the plan, associates may authorize the withholding of up to 15% of their wages or salaries to purchase our shares of common stock, not to exceed $25,000 of the fair market value of such shares for any calendar year. The purchase price for shares acquired under the 2018 ESPP is equal to the lower of 85% of the share's fair market value on either the first day of each option period or the last day of each period. The plan will expire by its terms on September 1, 2028. Shares of common stock purchased under the 2018 ESPP vest immediately at the time of purchase. During fiscal 2024, there were 41,749 shares purchased under the plan.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

We recorded share-based compensation expense in SG&A as follows:

Stock Options

There have beenno new grants of options since fiscal 2017 and all options outstanding at February 28, 2023 and February 29, 2024 were exercisable. A summary of stock option activity under our 2008 plan was as follows:

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, was $0.3 million, $1.1 million, and $3.6 million, respectively.

Director Restricted Stock Awards

During fiscal 2024 we issued under the 2018 Plan,7,256 RSAs to non-employee members of the Board of Directors with a total grant date fair value of $0.8 million or $108.40 per share. The RSAs vested immediately, and accordingly, were expensed immediately. The total fair value of RSAs granted to our non-employee members of the Board of Directors that vested immediately on grant dates in fiscal 2023 and 2022 was $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Service Condition Awards

We grant RSAs and RSUs to associates, which primarily vest ratably over three orfour years or have specified graded vesting terms over 3 years, “Service Condition Awards”. A summary of Service Condition Awards activity during fiscal 2024 follows:

The total fair value of Service Condition Awards that vested in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $6.2 million, $10.2 million, and $14.3 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of Service Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $109.97, $195.90, and $218.35, respectively.

Performance Condition Awards

We grant Performance Condition Awards to certain officers and associates, which cliff vest after three years. The vesting of these awards is contingent upon meeting one or more defined operational performance metrics over athree year performance period. The quantity of shares ultimately awarded can range from 0% to 200% of “Target”, as defined in the award agreement as 100%, based on the level of achievement against the defined operational performance metrics. A summary of Performance

Condition Awards activity during fiscal 2024 follows and reflects all PSAs granted and outstanding at maximum achievement of 200% of Target:

(1)Includes an additional 74 thousand shares, which resulted from the performance of the fiscal 2021 awards not achieving maximum 200% of Target.

The total fair value of Performance Condition Awards that vested in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $7.5 million, $37.8 million, and $29.9 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of Performance Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $110.83, $204.20 and $216.20, respectively.

Market Condition Awards

We grant Market Condition Awards to certain officers and associates, which cliff vest after three years. The vesting of these awards is contingent upon meeting specified stock price return targets compared to a predetermined peer group over athree year period. The quantity of shares ultimately awarded can range from 0% to 200% of “Target”, as defined in the award agreement as 100%, based on the level of achievement against the defined targets. A summary of Market Condition Awards activity during fiscal 2024 follows and reflects all PSAs granted and outstanding at maximum achievement of 200% of Target:

The weighted average grant date fair value of Market Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $80.49, $152.91 and $156.08, respectively.

The fair value of our Market Condition Awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables to estimate the probability that market conditions will be achieved and is applied to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. The input variables utilized are included in the table below:

(1)The Monte Carlo method assumes a reinvestment of dividends.

The expected term is consistent with the explicit service period and the risk free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury securities with maturities equal to the expected term of the awards. Expected volatility is based equally on the historical volatility of our stock prices over the expected term of the awards and at-the-money call options traded on or near the grant date of the awards.

Unrecognized Share-Based Compensation Expense

As of February 29, 2024, our total unrecognized share-based compensation for all awards was $17.1 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average amortization period of 2.0 years. The total unrecognized share-based compensation reflects an estimate of Target achievement for Performance Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2024 and an estimate ofzero percent of Target achievement for Performance Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022.

Note 9 - Defined Contribution Plans

We sponsor defined contribution savings plans in the U.S. and other countries where we have associates. Total company matching contributions made to these plans for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $6.0 million, $5.9 million and $5.6 million, respectively.

Note 10 - Repurchases of Common Stock

In August 2021, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of our outstanding common stock. The authorization became effective August 25, 2021, for a period ofthree years, and replaced our former repurchase authorization, of which approximately $79.5 million remained. These repurchases may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, accelerated stock repurchase transactions, or any combination of such methods. As of February 29, 2024, our repurchase authorization allowed for the purchase of $348.4 million of common stock.

Our current equity-based compensation plans include provisions that allow for the “net exercise” of share-settled awards by all plan participants. In a net exercise, any required payroll taxes, federal withholding taxes and exercise price of the shares due from the option or other share-based award holders are settled by having the holder tender back to us a number of shares at fair value equal to the amounts due. Net exercises are treated as purchases and retirements of shares.

The following table summarizes our share repurchase activity for the periods shown:

Note 11 - Restructuring Plan

As part of our global restructuring plan, Project Pegasus, we incur severance and employee related costs, professional fees, contract termination costs and other exit and disposal costs which are recorded as “Restructuring charges” in the consolidated statements of income. Severance and employee related costs consist primarily of salary continuation benefits, prorated annual incentive compensation (based on eligibility), outplacement services and continuation of health benefits. Severance and employee related benefits are pursuant to our severance plan and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 712, Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, based upon the characteristics of the termination benefits pursuant to our severance plan. Severance and employee related costs are recognized when the benefits are determined to be probable of being paid and reasonably estimable. Professional fees, contract termination costs and other exit and disposal costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations and are recognized as incurred. Restructuring accruals are based upon management estimates at the time and are subject to change depending upon changes in facts and circumstances subsequent to the date the original liability was recorded.

During fiscal 2023, we initiated Project Pegasus, a global restructuring plan intended to expand operating margins through initiatives designed to improve efficiency and effectiveness and reduce costs. Project Pegasus includes initiatives to further optimize our brand portfolio, streamline and simplify the organization, accelerate cost of goods savings projects, enhance the efficiency of our supply chain network, optimize our indirect spending and improve our cash flow and working capital, as well as other activities. We anticipate these initiatives will create operating efficiencies, as well as provide a platform to fund future growth investments.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we made changes to the structure of our organization, which resulted in our previous Health & Wellness and Beauty operating segments being combined into a single reportable segment. As part of our initiative focused on streamlining and simplifying the organization, we made further changes to the structure of our organization, which included the creation of a North America Regional Market Organization (“RMO”) responsible for sales and go-to-market strategies for all categories and channels in the U.S. and Canada, and further centralization of certain functions under shared services, particularly in operations and finance to better support our business segments and RMOs. This new structure reduced the size of our global workforce by approximately 10%. We believe that these changes better focus business segment resources on brand development, consumer-centric innovation and marketing, the RMOs on sales and go-to-market strategies, and shared services on their respective areas of expertise while also creating a more efficient and effective organizational structure.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, we announced plans to geographically consolidate the U.S. Beauty business, currently located in El Paso, Texas, and Irvine, California, and co-locate it with our Wellness business in the Boston, Massachusetts area. This geographic consolidation and relocation is the next step in our initiative to streamline and simplify the organization and is expected to be completed during fiscal 2025. We expect these changes will enable a greater opportunity to capture synergies and enhance collaboration and innovation within the Beauty & Wellness segment.

We have updated our expectations regarding Project Pegasus charges and savings. We have lowered our total estimate of one-time pre-tax restructuring charges to approximately $50 million to $55 million over the duration of the plan. We continue to expect these charges to be completed during fiscal 2025. We previously estimated total pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $60 million to $65 million. In addition, we now have the following expectations regarding Project Pegasus charges:

•Pre-tax restructuring charges to be comprised of approximately $15 million to $19 million of severance and employee related costs, $28 million of professional fees, $3 million to $4 million of contract termination costs, and $4 million of other exit and disposal costs.

•All of our operating segments and shared services will be impacted by the plan and pre-tax restructuring charges include approximately $16 million to $17 million in Home & Outdoor and $34 million to $38 million in Beauty & Wellness.

•Pre-tax restructuring charges represent primarily cash expenditures, which we continue to expect to be substantially paid by the end of fiscal 2025.

We have the following expectations regarding Project Pegasus savings:

•We continue to expect targeted annualized pre-tax operating profit improvements of approximately $75 million to $85 million, which began in fiscal 2024 and which we now expect to be substantially achieved by the end of fiscal 2027.

•We have updated our expectations regarding the estimated cadence of the recognition of the savings to be approximately 25% in fiscal 2024, which was achieved, approximately 35% in fiscal 2025, approximately 25% in fiscal 2026, and approximately 15% in fiscal 2027. We previously estimated recognition of the savings to be approximately 25% in fiscal 2024, approximately 50% in fiscal 2025 and approximately 25% in 2026.

•We continue to expect total profit improvements to be realized approximately 60% through reduced cost of goods sold and 40% through lower SG&A.

During fiscal 2024 and 2023, we incurred $18.7 million and $27.4 million, respectively, of pre-tax restructuring costs in connection with Project Pegasus, which were recorded as “Restructuring charges” in the consolidated statements of income. We recognized $0.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs during fiscal 2022 under a prior restructuring plan referred to as Project Refuel, which was completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022.

The following tables summarize restructuring charges recorded as a result of Project Pegasus for the periods presented:

(1)Includes a $1.8 million charge to write-off inventory, tooling and other production equipment as a result of abandoning a new product prior to its initial launch.

The tables below present a rollforward of our accruals related to Project Pegasus, which are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities:

Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnity Agreements

Under agreements with customers, licensors and parties from whom we have acquired assets or entered into business combinations, we indemnify these parties against liability associated with our products. Additionally, we are party to a number of agreements under leases where we indemnify the lessor for liabilities attributable to our actions or conduct. The indemnity agreements to which we are a party do not, in general, increase our liability for claims related to our products or actions and have not materially affected our consolidated financial statements.

Legal Matters

We are involved in various other legal claims and proceedings in the normal course of operations. We believe the outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity, except as described below.

On December 23, 2021, Brita LP filed a complaint against Kaz USA, Inc. and Helen of Troy Limited in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (the “Patent Litigation”), alleging patent infringement by the Company relating to its PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. In the Patent Litigation, Brita LP seeks monetary damages and injunctive relief relating to the alleged infringement. Brita LP simultaneously filed a complaint with the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”) against Kaz USA, Inc., Helen of Troy Limited and five other unrelated companies that sell water filtration systems (the “ITC Action”). The complaint in the ITC Action also alleged patent infringement by the Company with respect to a limited set of PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. In the ITC Action, Brita LP requested the ITC to initiate an unfair import investigation relating to such filtration systems. This action sought injunctive relief to prevent entry of certain accused PUR products (and certain other products) into the U.S. and cessation of marketing and sales of existing inventory that is already in the U.S. On January 25, 2022, the ITC instituted the investigation requested by the ITC Action. Discovery closed in the ITC Action in May 2022, and approximately half of the originally identified PUR gravity-fed water filters were removed from the case and are no longer included in the ITC Action. In August 2022, the parties participated in the evidentiary hearing, with additional supplemental hearings in October 2022. On February 28, 2023, the ITC issued an Initial Determination in the ITC Action, tentatively ruling against the Company and the other unrelated respondents. The ITC has a guaranteed review process, and thus all respondents, including the Company, filed a petition with the ITC for a full review of the Initial

Determination. On September 19, 2023, the ITC issued its Final Determination in the Company’s favor. The ITC determined there was no violation by the Company and terminated the investigation. Brita LP is appealing the ITC's decision to the Federal Circuit (“CAFC Appeal”) and filed its Notice of Appeal on October 24, 2023. The Company intervened in the CAFC Appeal, but as of the filing date of this Form 10-K, no hearings have been scheduled. The Patent Litigation remains stayed for the time being. We cannot predict the outcome of these legal proceedings, the amount or range of any potential loss, when the proceedings will be resolved, or customer acceptance of any replacement water filter. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and the resolution or disposition of these proceedings could, if adversely determined, have a material and adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations.

Regulatory Matters

Our operations are subject to national, state, local, and provincial jurisdictions’ environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and industry-specific product certifications. Many of the products we sell are subject to product safety laws and regulations in various jurisdictions. These laws and regulations specify the maximum allowable levels of certain materials that may be contained in our products, provide statutory prohibitions against misbranded and adulterated products, establish ingredients and manufacturing procedures for certain products, specify product safety testing requirements, and set product identification, labeling and claim requirements. Some of our product lines are subject to product identification, labeling and claim requirements, which are monitored and enforced by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.

During fiscal 2022, we were in discussions with the EPA regarding the compliance of packaging claims on certain of our products in the air and water filtration categories and a limited subset of humidifier products within the Beauty & Wellness segment that are sold in the U.S. The EPA did not raise any product quality, safety or performance issues. As a result of these packaging compliance discussions, we voluntarily implemented a temporary stop shipment action on the impacted products as we worked with the EPA towards an expedient resolution. Our fiscal 2022 consolidated, and Beauty & Wellness segment’s, net sales revenue, gross profit, and operating income were materially and adversely impacted by the stop shipment actions and the time needed to execute repackaging and relabeling plans. We resumed normalized levels of shipping of the affected inventory during fiscal 2022 and we completed the repackaging and relabeling of our existing inventory of impacted products during fiscal 2023. Additionally, as a result of continuing dialogue with the EPA, we executed further repackaging and relabeling plans on certain additional humidifier products and certain additional air filtration products, which were also completed during fiscal 2023. Although we have not been notified of any fines or penalties imposed against us by the EPA related to this matter, there can be no assurances that such fines or penalties will not be imposed in the future.

We recorded charges to cost of goods sold to write-off obsolete packaging for the affected products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit. We have also incurred additional compliance costs comprised of obsolete packaging, storage and other charges from vendors, which were recognized in cost of goods sold and incremental warehouse storage costs and legal fees, which were recognized in SG&A. We refer to these charges as “EPA compliance costs.”

(1)Includes a $4.4 million charge to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected additional humidifier products and affected additional air filtration products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

(2)Includes a $13.1 million charge to cost of goods sold to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected air filtration, water filtration and humidifier products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022.

In addition, we incurred and capitalized into inventory costs to repackage a portion of our existing inventory of the affected products beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2022 through completion of the repackaging in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

For additional information refer to Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” and to Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” including “EPA Compliance Costs” included within this Annual Report.

Weather-Related Incident

On March 30, 2022, a third-party facility that we utilized for inventory storage incurred severe damage from a weather-related incident. The inventory that was stored at this facility primarily related to our Beauty & Wellness segment. While the inventory was insured, some seasonal inventory and inventory designated for specific customer promotions was not accessible and subsequently determined to be damaged, and as a result, unfavorably impacted our net sales revenue during the first quarter of fiscal 2023. As a result of the damages to the inventory stored at the facility, we recorded a charge to write-off the damaged inventory totaling $34.4 million during fiscal 2023. These charges were fully offset by probable insurance recoveries of $34.4 million also recorded during fiscal 2023, which represented anticipated insurance proceeds, not to exceed the amount of the associated losses, for which receipt was deemed probable. The charges for the damaged inventory and the expected insurance recoveries were included in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023. During fiscal 2023, we received proceeds of $46.0 million from our insurance carriers related to this incident which are included in cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023. As a result, during fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a gain of $9.7 million, net of costs incurred to dispose of the inventory, as a reduction of SG&A expense in our consolidated statement of income.

Commitments

We sell certain of our products under trademarks licensed from third parties. Some of these trademark license agreements require us to pay minimum royalties. As of February 29, 2024, we estimate future minimum annual royalty payments over the noncancellable term of these arrangements to be approximately $6.3 million, $6.0 million, $6.0 million, $5.5 million, and $2.8 million per year, during the next five fiscal years, respectively.

Note 13 - Long-Term Debt

A summary of our long-term debt follows:

(1)Borrowings outstanding as of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023 are under the Credit Agreement and the Prior Credit Agreement, respectively.

Aggregate annual maturities of our long-term debt as of February 29, 2024 were as follows:

Credit Agreement and Prior Credit Agreement

On February 15, 2024, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders. The Credit Agreement replaces our prior credit agreement (the “Prior Credit Agreement”), which terminated on February 15, 2024 and is further described below. We utilized the proceeds from the refinancing to repay all principal, interest, and fees outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement without penalty. As a result, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt within interest expenseof $0.5 million during fiscal 2024, which consisted of a write-off of $0.4 million of unamortized prepaid financing fees related to the Prior Credit Agreement and $0.1 million of lender fees related to debt under the Credit Agreement treated as an extinguishment. Additionally, we expensed $0.3 million of third-party fees in fiscal 2024 related to debt under the Credit Agreement treated as a modification, which was recognized within interest expense. We capitalized $4.0 million of lender fees and $2.2 million of third-party fees incurred in connection with the Credit Agreement, which were recorded as prepaid financing fees in long-term debt and prepaid expenses and other current assets in the amounts of $5.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

The Credit Agreement provides for aggregate commitments of $1.5 billion, which are available through (i) a $1.0 billion revolving credit facility, which includes a $50 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit, (ii) a $250 million term loan facility, and (iii) a committed $250 million delayed draw term loan facility, which may be borrowed in multiple drawdowns until August 15, 2025. Proceeds can be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including funding permitted acquisitions. At the closing date of the Credit Agreement, we borrowed $457.5 million under the revolving credit facility and $250.0 million under the term loan facility and utilized the proceeds to repay all debt outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement matures on February 15, 2029. The Credit Agreement includes an accordion feature, which permits the Company to request to increase its borrowing capacity by an additional $300 million plus an unlimited amount when the Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) on a pro-forma basis is less than 3.25 to 1.00. The Company’s exercise of the accordion is subject to certain conditions being met, including lender approval.

Outstanding letters of credit reduce the borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement on a dollar-for-dollar basis. We are able to repay amounts borrowed at any time without penalty. Borrowings accrue interest under one of two alternative methods pursuant to the Credit Agreement as described below. With each borrowing against our credit line, we can elect the interest rate method based on our funding needs at the time. We also incur loan commitment and letter of credit fees under the Credit Agreement. The term loans are payable at the end of each fiscal quarter in equal installments of 0.625% through February 28, 2025,0.9375% through February 28, 2026, and 1.25% thereafter of the original principal balance of the term loans, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, with the remaining balance due at the maturity date. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 0% to 1.125% and 1.0% to 2.125% for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings, respectively.

Our Prior Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders, provided for an unsecured total revolving commitment of $1.25 billion and a $300 million accordion, which could be used for term loan commitments. In June 2022, we exercised the accordion under the Prior Credit Agreement and borrowed $250 million as term loans. The proceeds from the term loans were used to repay revolving loans under the Prior Credit Agreement. The maturity date of the term loans and the revolving loans under the Prior Credit Agreement was March 13, 2025. Borrowings under the Prior Credit Agreement bore floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR (as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement), plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings, respectively.

The floating interest rates on our borrowings under the Credit Agreement and Prior Credit Agreement are hedged with interest rate swaps to effectively fix interest rates on $500 million and $425 million of the outstanding principal balance under the revolving loans as of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, respectively. See Notes 14, 15, and 16 for additional information regarding our interest rate swaps.

As of February 29, 2024, the balance of outstanding letters of credit was $15.5 million and the amount available for revolving loans under the Credit Agreement was $562.6 million. Covenants in the Credit Agreement limit the amount of total indebtedness we can incur. As of February 29, 2024, these covenants effectively limited our ability to incur more than $474.6 million of additional debt from all sources, including the Credit Agreement, or $562.6 million in the event a qualified acquisition is consummated.

Other Debt Agreements

On February 28, 2023, we paid the remaining balance of $15.1 million, including principal and interest, outstanding under our unsecured loan agreement (the “MBFC Loan”) with the Mississippi Business Finance Corporation (the “MBFC”) without penalty. As a result, as of February 28, 2023, we no longer had outstanding debt related to the MBFC Loan and the MBFC Loan terminated pursuant to its terms. The loan agreement was entered into in connection with the issuance by MBFC of taxable industrial development revenue bonds. Borrowings under the MBFC Loan bore interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR (both as defined in the loan agreement), plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the loan agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings, respectively. The borrowings were used to fund construction of our Olive Branch, Mississippi distribution facility. The maturity date of the MBFC Loan was March 1, 2023.

Debt Covenants

Our debt under our Credit Agreement is unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. Our Credit Agreement requires the maintenance of certain key financial covenants defined in the accompanying Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources - Credit Agreement and Other Debt Agreements. Our Credit Agreement also contains other customary covenants, including, among other things, covenants restricting or limiting us, except under certain conditions set forth therein, from (1) incurring liens on our properties, (2) making certain types of investments, (3) incurring additional debt, and (4) assigning or transferring certain licenses. Our Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, including failure to pay principal or interest when due, among others. Upon an event of default under our Credit Agreement, the lenders may, among other things, accelerate the maturity of any amounts outstanding. The commitments of the lenders to make loans to us under the Credit Agreement are several and not joint. Accordingly, if any lender fails to make loans to us, our available liquidity could be reduced by an amount up to the aggregate amount of such lender’s commitments under the Credit Agreement.

As of February 29, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants as defined under the terms of the Credit Agreement.

Interest and Capitalized Interest

During fiscal 2024 and 2023, we incurred interest costs totaling $53.9 million and $46.2 million, respectively, of which we capitalized $0.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively, as part of property and equipment in connection with the construction of a new distribution facility. During fiscal 2022, we incurred interest costs totaling $12.8 million, none of which was capitalized.

The following table contains information about interest rates and the related weighted average borrowings outstanding under our Credit Agreement, including under the Prior Credit Agreement, and the MBFC Loan for the periods presented below:

(1)Average borrowings outstanding is computed as the average of the current andfour prior quarters ending balances outstanding.

(2)The average effective interest rate during each year is computed by dividing the total interest expense associated with the borrowing for a fiscal year by the average borrowings outstanding for the same fiscal year. Beginning in fiscal 2024, we included the impact of our interest rate swaps and commitment fees incurred under the Credit Agreement and Prior Credit Agreement in computing total interest expense. Accordingly, we have recast the prior periods presented to conform.

(3)Interest rate range reflects the interest rates on the borrowings under the Credit Agreement and Prior Credit Agreement pursuant to the respective agreements and excludes the impact of our interest rate swaps.

(4)Beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, the weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding at year end under the Credit Agreement is computed inclusive of the impact of our interest rate swaps. Accordingly, we have recast the prior periods presented to conform.

(5)As of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, we no longer had any outstanding borrowings on the MBFC Loan as the MBFC Loan terminated pursuant to its terms on February 28, 2023.

Note 14 - Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques under the accounting guidance related to fair value measurements are based on observable and unobservable inputs. These inputs are classified into the following hierarchy:

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar or identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

When circumstances dictate the transfer of an asset or liability to a different level, we report the transfer at the beginning of the reporting period in which the facts and circumstances resulting in the transfer occurred. There were no transfers between the fair value hierarchy levels during the periods presented.

All of our financial assets and liabilities, except for our investments in U.S. Treasury Bills, are classified as Level 2 because their valuation is dependent on observable inputs and other quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or model-derived valuations whose significant value drivers are observable. Our investments in U.S. Treasury Bills are classified as Level 1 because their value is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The following table presents the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities:

All of our financial assets and liabilities, except for our investments in U.S. Treasury Bills, are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Our investments in U.S. Treasury Bills are recorded at amortized cost. As of February 29, 2024, the current and non-current carrying amounts of our U.S. Treasury Bills were $2.5 million and $6.6 million, respectively, and were included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets, respectively in our consolidated balance sheet.

The carrying amounts of cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and income taxes payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these items. The carrying amounts of receivables approximate fair value due to the effect of the related allowance for credit losses. The carrying amount of our floating rate long-term debt approximates its fair value.

Our investments in U.S. Treasury Bills are classified as held-to-maturity because we have the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. We invest in U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities ranging from less thanone tofive years. Gross unrealized gains and losses are not material for any period presented. During fiscal 2024, we recognized interest income on these investments of $0.3 million, which is included in “Non-operating income, net” in our consolidated statement of income.

We use derivatives to manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which include foreign currency forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps. In addition, we use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. All of our derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. See Notes 1, 15 and 16 for more information on our derivatives.

We didnot remeasure any assets to fair value on a non-recurring basis during fiscal 2024 or 2023.

Note 15 - Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Foreign Currency Risk

The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries and is also the reporting currency for the Company. By operating internationally, we are subject to foreign currency risk from transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar (“foreign currencies”). Such transactions include sales and operating expenses. As a result of such transactions, portions of our cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable are denominated in foreign currencies. Approximately

14%,13%, and 10% of our net sales revenue was denominated in foreign currencies during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These sales were primarily denominated in Euros, British Pounds and Canadian Dollars. We make most of our inventory purchases from manufacturers in Asia and primarily use the U.S. Dollar for such purchases.

In our consolidated statements of income, foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of foreign income taxes receivables and payables, and deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized in income tax expense, and all other foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses are recognized in SG&A. We recorded in income tax expense foreign currency exchange rate net gains of $0.3 million during fiscal 2024 and net losses of $0.4 million and $0.5 million during fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. We recorded in SG&A foreign currency exchange rate net losses of $0.5 million, $1.7 million and $0.2 million during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We mitigate certain foreign currency exchange rate risk by using forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our transactions denominated in foreign currencies. We do not enter into any derivatives or similar instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Certain of our forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges (“foreign currency contracts”). Foreign currency derivatives for which we have not elected hedge accounting consist of certain forward contracts and our cross-currency debt swaps. These undesignated derivatives are used to hedge monetary net asset and liability positions. We evaluate our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges each quarter to assess hedge effectiveness. For additional information on our accounting for derivatives see Note 1.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest on our outstanding debt as of February 29, 2024 is based on floating interest rates. If short-term interest rates increase, we will incur higher interest expense on any future outstanding balances of floating rate debt. Floating interest rates are hedged with interest rate swaps to effectively fix interest rates on a portion of our outstanding principal balance under the Credit Agreement and Prior Credit Agreement, which totaled $672.0 million and $936.9 million as of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, respectively. As of February 29, 2024 and February 28, 2023, $500 million and$425 millionof the outstanding principal balance under the Credit Agreement and Prior Credit Agreement, respectively, was hedged with interest rate swaps to fix the interest rate we pay. Our interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges, and we evaluate our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges each quarter to assess hedge effectiveness. For additional information on our accounting for derivatives see Note 1.

The following tables summarize the fair values of our derivative instruments at the end of fiscal 2024 and 2023:

(1)These forward contracts, for which we have not elected hedge accounting, hedge monetary net asset and liability positions for the notional amounts reported, creating an economic hedge against currency movements.

The pre-tax effects of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

The pre-tax effects of derivative instruments not designated under hedge accounting for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

We expect a net gain of $1.5 million associated with foreign currency contracts and interest rate swaps currently recorded in AOCI to be reclassified into income over the next twelve months. The amount ultimately realized, however, will differ as exchange rates and interest rates change and the underlying contracts settle. See Notes 1, 14 and 16 for more information.

Counterparty Credit Risk

Financial instruments, including foreign currency contracts, forward contracts, cross-currency debt swaps and interest rate swaps, expose us to counterparty credit risk for non-performance. We manage our exposure to counterparty credit risk by only dealing with counterparties who are substantial international financial institutions with significant experience using such derivative instruments. We believe that the risk of incurring credit losses is remote.

Note 16 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in AOCI by component and related tax effects for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

See Notes 1, 14 and 15 for additional information regarding our cash flow hedges.

Note 17 - Segment and Geographic Information

Segment Information

We currently operate intwo segments consisting of Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. The Curlsmith and Osprey brands and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness and Home & Outdoor segments, respectively, upon the completion of the acquisitions of Curlsmith and Osprey.

The following tables summarize segment information for the periods presented:

(1)Fiscal 2024 and 2023 include a full year of operating results from Osprey, acquired on December 29, 2021, compared to approximately nine weeks of operating results in fiscal 2022. For additional information see Note 6.

(2)Fiscal 2024 includes a full year of operating results from Curlsmith, acquired on April 22, 2022, compared to approximately forty-five weeks of operating results in fiscal 2023. For additional information see Note 6.

We compute segment operating income based on net sales revenue, less cost of goods sold, SG&A, and restructuring charges. The SG&A used to compute each segment’s operating income is directly associated with the segment, plus shared services and corporate overhead expenses that are allocable to the segment. We do not allocate non-operating income and expense, including interest or income taxes, to operating segments. Our chief operating decision maker reviews balance sheet information at a consolidated level.

Geographic Information

The following table presents net sales revenue by geographic region, in U.S. Dollars. Net sales are attributed to countries based on the customer's location.

Worldwide sales to our largest customer, Amazon.com Inc., accounted for approximately 21%,17% and 19% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Sales to our second largest customer, Target Corporation, accounted for approximately 10% in both fiscal 2024 and 2023 and 11% in fiscal 2022 of our consolidated net sales revenue. Sales to our third largest customer, Walmart, Inc., including its worldwide affiliates, accounted for approximately 9%,10% and 11% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Sales to these largest customers include sales across both of our business segments. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales revenue during these fiscal years. Sales to our top five customers accounted for approximately 47%,43% and 49% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our U.S. and international long-lived assets were as follows:

The table above classifies assets based upon the country where they are physically located. Long-lived assets included in the table above include property and equipment and operating lease assets.

Note 18 - Income Taxes

We reorganized the Company in Bermuda in 1994 and many of our foreign subsidiaries are not directly or indirectly owned by a U.S. parent. As such, a large portion of our foreign income is not subject to U.S. taxation on a permanent basis under current law. Additionally, our intellectual property is largely owned by foreign subsidiaries, resulting in proportionally higher earnings in jurisdictions with lower statutory tax rates, which decreases our overall effective tax rate. The taxable income earned in each jurisdiction, whether U.S. or foreign, is determined by the subsidiary's operating results and transfer pricing and tax regulations in the related jurisdictions.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has introduced a framework to implement a global minimum corporate income tax of 15%, referred to as “Pillar Two.” Many aspects of Pillar Two are effective for tax years beginning after January 1, 2024, with certain remaining aspects to be effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2025 or later. Certain countries have adopted legislation to implement Pillar Two, and other countries are in the process of introducing legislation to implement Pillar Two. Based on the countries in which we operate and those that have adopted legislation that is already effective (or with effective dates during our fiscal 2025), we currently do not expect the global minimum tax rules will have a material impact to our global effective tax rate in fiscal 2025. We will continue to assess the impact of Pillar Two and monitor developments in legislation, regulation, and interpretive guidance.

In response to Pillar Two, on December 27, 2023, Bermuda enacted a corporate income tax effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. The 15% corporate income tax regime applies to Bermuda businesses that are part of multinational enterprise groups with annual revenue of €750 million or more and is effective for us in fiscal 2026. The Bermuda corporate income tax allows for a beginning net operating loss balance related to the five years preceding the effective date. Accordingly, during fiscal 2024, we recorded a deferred tax asset of $9.3 million for the Bermuda net operating losses generated from fiscal 2021 through 2024 with an offsetting valuation allowance of $9.3 million. Although we currently do not expect the tax regime to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements, we will continue to monitor and evaluate impact as further regulatory guidance becomes available.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the “Act”) was enacted and signed into law. The Act is a budget reconciliation package that includes significant law changes relating to tax, climate change, energy, and health care. The tax provisions include, among other items, a corporate alternative minimum tax of 15%, an excise tax of 1% on corporate stock buy-backs, energy-related tax credits, and additional IRS funding. We do not expect these tax provisions to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act (the “ARP”) was enacted and signed into law. The ARP is an economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, which contains tax provisions that did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

The Company continues to elect to account for U.S. tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a period cost and therefore has not recorded deferred taxes related to GILTI on its foreign subsidiaries.

While U.S. federal tax expense has been recognized on the undistributed earnings of our U.S. owned foreign subsidiaries, no deferred tax liabilities with respect to items such as certain foreign exchange gains or losses, foreign withholding taxes or state taxes have been recognized. No deferred taxes have been provided on the undistributed earnings of our foreign-owned subsidiaries as these earnings will continue to be permanently reinvested. Due to the number of legal entities and jurisdictions involved, our legal entity structure, and the tax laws in the relevant jurisdictions, we believe it is not practicable to estimate the amount of additional taxes which may be payable upon distribution of these undistributed earnings.

Our components of income before income tax expense are as follows:

Our components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

Our total income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. statutory tax rate to income before income taxes. An income tax rate reconciliation of these differences are as follows:

Each year there are significant transactions or events that are incidental to our core businesses and that by a combination of their nature and jurisdiction, can have a disproportionate impact on our reported effective tax rates. Without these transactions or events, the trend in our effective tax rates would follow a more normalized pattern.

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, expected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in assessing the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, we must increase our provision for taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that we estimate will not be recoverable. In fiscal 2024, the $8.3 million net increase in our valuation allowance was principally due to net operating loss carryforwards recorded in fiscal 2024 as a result of the Bermuda corporate income tax enactment that are not expected to be recoverable.

The composition of our operating loss carryforwards and tax credits at the end of fiscal 2024 is as follows:

Any future amount of deferred tax asset considered realizable could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during any carryforward periods are reduced.

During fiscal 2024 and 2023, changes in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) were as follows:

If we are able to sustain our positions with the relevant taxing authorities, approximately $6.8 million (excluding interest and penalties) of uncertain tax position liabilities as of February 29, 2024 would favorably impact our effective tax rate in future periods. We do not expect any significant changes to our existing unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months resulting from any issues currently pending with tax authorities.

We classify interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. At the end of fiscal 2024 and 2023, the liability for tax-related interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits was $3.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Additionally, during fiscal 2024 and 2023, we recognized a de minimus amount of tax expense and tax benefits of $0.1 million, respectively, from tax-related interest and penalties in the consolidated statements of income.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various states and foreign jurisdictions. As of February 29, 2024, tax years under examination or still subject to examination by material tax jurisdictions are as follows:

Note 19 - Earnings Per Share

We compute basic earnings per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. We compute diluted earnings per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the effect of dilutive securities. Dilutive securities at any given point in time may consist of outstanding options to purchase common stock and issued and contingently issuable unvested RSUs, PSUs, RSAs, PSAs and other stock-based awards (see Note 8). Anti-dilutive securities are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share under the treasury stock method.

The following table presents our weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding for the periods shown: