ALLSTATE CORP

Overview and strategy

The return on our investment portfolios is an important component of our ability to offer value to customers, fund business improvements and create value for shareholders. Investment portfolios are held for Allstate Protection and Run-off Property-Liability, Protection Services and Corporate operations. While taking into consideration the investment portfolio in aggregate, management of the underlying portfolios is influenced by the nature of each respective business and its corresponding liability profile. We identify a strategic asset allocation which considers both the nature of the liabilities and the risk and return characteristics of the various asset classes in which we invest. This allocation is informed by our long-term business and market expectations, as well as other considerations such as risk appetite, portfolio diversification, duration, desired liquidity and capital. Within appropriate ranges relative to strategic allocations, tactical allocations are made in consideration of prevailing and potential future market conditions. We manage risks that involve uncertainty related to interest rates, inflation, credit spreads, equity returns and currency exchange rates.

The Allstate Protection and Run-off Property-Liability portfolio emphasizes protection of principal and consistent income generation within a total return framework. This approach has produced competitive returns over the long term and is designed to ensure financial strength and stability for paying claims, while maximizing economic value and surplus growth. Products with lower liquidity and capital needs, such as auto insurance and run-off lines, create capacity to invest in less liquid higher yielding fixed income securities, performance-based investments such as limited partnerships and equity securities. Products with higher liquidity needs, such as homeowners insurance, are invested primarily in high quality liquid fixed income securities.

The Protection Services portfolio is focused on protection of principal and consistent income generation within a total return framework. The portfolio is largely comprised of fixed income securities with a lesser allocation to equity securities and short-term investments.

The Corporate portfolio is primarily focused on liquidity needs and capital preservation within a total return framework. The portfolio is largely comprised of high-quality liquid fixed income securities and short-term investments with a lower allocation to performance-based and equity investments.

We utilize two primary strategies to manage risks and returns and to position our portfolio to take

advantage of market opportunities while attempting to mitigate adverse effects. As strategies and market conditions evolve, the asset allocation may change.

Market-based strategies seek to deliver predictable earnings aligned to business needs and provide flexibility to adjust investment risk profile based on enterprise objectives and market opportunities primarily through public and private fixed income investments and public equity securities.

Performance-based strategies seek to deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns and supplement market risk with idiosyncratic risk. Consequently, return patterns can be more volatile than the market-based portfolio. Returns are impacted by a variety of factors including general macroeconomic and public market conditions as public market benchmarks are often used in the valuation of underlying investments. Variability in earnings will also result from the performance of the underlying assets or business and the timing of sales of those investments. Earnings from the sales of investments may be recorded as net investment income or net gains and losses on investments and derivatives. The portfolio, which primarily includes private equity (including infrastructure investments) and real estate with a majority being limited partnerships, is diversified across a number of characteristics, including managers or partners, vintage years, investment strategies, geographies (including international) and industry sectors or property types. These investments often have restrictions on transferability and redemption, making them inherently illiquid, often require specialized expertise, typically involve a third-party manager, and enhance returns and income through transformation at the company or property level. A portion of these investments seek returns in markets or asset classes that are dislocated or special situations, primarily in private markets.

Investments outlook

We utilize our integrated enterprise risk and return management framework to determine the amount of investment risk we are willing to accept.

Our focus is on the following priorities:

•Enhance investment portfolio after-tax returns through use of a dynamic capital allocation framework.

•Leverage our broad capabilities to proactively manage the portfolio to earn attractive risk-adjusted returns on capital.

•Invest for the specific needs and characteristics of Allstate’s businesses, including its corresponding liability profile.

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(1)Balances reflect the elimination of related party investments between segments.

(2)Fixed income securities are carried at fair value. Amortized cost, net for these securities was $50.52 billion, $1.72 billion, $6.49 billion and $58.73 billion for Allstate Protection and Run-off Property-Liability, Protection Services, Corporate and all other, and in total, respectively.

(3)Equity securities are carried at fair value. The fair value of equity securities held as of December 31, 2025 was $372 million in excess of cost. Equity securities include $1.27 billion of funds with underlying investments in fixed income and short-term securities as of December 31, 2025.

(4)Short-term investments are carried at fair value.

Investments totaled $83.24 billion as of December 31, 2025, increasing from $72.61 billion as of December 31, 2024, primarily due to operating and investment cash flows.

Strategic actions focused on optimizing portfolio yield, risk and return in the evolving market and macroeconomic environment. The fixed income portfolio duration ended 2025 at 5.1 years, inclusive of interest rate derivatives and security specific call features, compared to 5.3 years as of December 31, 2024. Equity securities were increased by $3.94 billion in 2025 and $2.05 billion in 2024 primarily funded through the sale of investment grade corporate bonds and short-term investments.

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Fixed income securities

Fixed income securities are rated by third-party credit rating agencies or are internally rated. The Securities Valuation Office (“SVO”) of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) evaluates the fixed income securities of insurers for regulatory reporting and capital assessment purposes. The NAIC assigns securities to one of six credit quality categories defined as “NAIC designations”. In general, securities with NAIC designations of 1 and 2 are considered investment grade and securities with NAIC designations of 3 through 6 are considered below investment grade. The rating is either received from the SVO based on availability of applicable ratings from rating agencies on the NAIC Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations provider list, including Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), Fitch Ratings or a comparable internal rating.

As a result of time lags between the funding of investments, the finalization of legal documents, and the completion of the SVO filing process, the portfolio includes certain securities that have not yet been designated by the SVO as of each balance sheet date and the categorization of these securities is based on the expected ratings indicated by internal analysis.

As of December 31, 2025, 92.1% of the consolidated fixed income securities portfolio was rated investment grade. Credit ratings below these designations are considered lower credit quality or below investment grade, which includes high yield bonds.

Market prices for certain securities may have credit spreads which imply higher or lower credit quality than the current third-party rating. Our initial investment decisions and ongoing monitoring procedures for fixed income securities are based on a due diligence process which includes, but is not limited to, an assessment of the credit quality, sector, structure and liquidity risks of each issuer.

Fixed income portfolio monitoring is a comprehensive process to identify and evaluate each fixed income security that may require a credit loss allowance. The process includes a quarterly review of all securities to identify instances where the fair value of a security compared to its amortized cost is below internally established thresholds. For further detail on our fixed income portfolio monitoring process, see Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements.

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The following table presents total fixed income securities by the applicable NAIC designation and comparable S&P rating.

Municipal bonds, including tax-exempt and taxable securities, include general obligations of state and local issuers and revenue bonds.

Our practice for acquiring and monitoring municipal bonds is predominantly based on the underlying credit quality of the primary obligor. We currently rely on the primary obligor to pay all contractual cash flows and are not relying on bond insurers for payments.

Corporate bonds include publicly traded and privately placed securities. Privately placed securities primarily consist of corporate issued senior debt securities that are negotiated with the borrower or are issued by public entities in unregistered form under SEC Rule 144A which allows purchasers to more easily resell these securities under certain conditions.

Our $10.48 billion portfolio of privately placed securities, primarily 144A bonds, is diversified by issuer, industry sector and country. The portfolio is made up of 548 issuers. Privately placed corporate obligations may contain structural security features such as financial covenants and call protections that provide investors greater protection against credit deterioration, reinvestment risk or fluctuations in interest rates than those typically found in publicly registered debt securities. Additionally, investments in these securities are made after fundamental analysis of issuers and

sectors along with macro and asset class views. Ongoing monitoring includes continuous assessment of operating performance and financial position. Every issue not rated by an independent rating agency is internally rated with a formal rating affirmation at least once a year. $122 million of the portfolio is internally rated as of December 31, 2025. Liquidity of securities issued by public entities in unregistered form is similar to public debt markets.

Our corporate bond portfolio includes $4.62 billion of below investment grade bonds, $4.04 billion of which are privately placed, primarily 144A bonds. These securities are diversified by issuer and industry sector. The below investment grade corporate bonds portfolio is made up of 318 issuers. We employ fundamental analyses of issuers and sectors along with macro and asset class views to identify investment opportunities. This results in a portfolio with broad exposure to the high yield market with an emphasis on idiosyncratic positions reflective of our views of market conditions and opportunities.

Foreign government securities primarily consist of Canadian governmental and provincial securities (all of which are held by our Canadian companies).

ABS and MBS are structured securities that are primarily collateralized by consumer or corporate

60 www.allstate.com borrowings and residential and commercial real estate loans. The cash flows from the underlying collateral paid to the securitization trust are generally applied in a pre-determined order and are designed so that each security issued by the trust, typically referred to as a “class”, qualifies for a specific original rating.

The payment priority and class subordination included in these securities serves as credit enhancement for holders of the senior or top portions of the structures. These securities continue to retain the payment priority features that existed at the origination of the securitization trust. Other forms of credit enhancement may include structural features embedded in the securitization trust, such as overcollateralization, excess spread and bond insurance. The underlying collateral may contain fixed interest rates, variable interest rates (such as adjustable-rate mortgages), or both fixed and variable rate features.

ABS includes collateralized debt obligations, consumer and other ABS. Credit risk is managed by monitoring the performance of the underlying collateral. Many of the securities in the ABS portfolio have credit enhancement with features such as overcollateralization, subordinated structures, reserve funds, guarantees or insurance.

MBS includes residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”). RMBS is subject to interest rate risk, but unlike other fixed income securities, is additionally subject to prepayment risk from the underlying residential mortgage loans. RMBS primarily consists of a U.S. Agency portfolio having collateral issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. CMBS investments are primarily traditional conduit transactions collateralized by commercial mortgage loans, broadly diversified across property types and geographical area.

Equity securities of $8.40 billion primarily include common stocks, exchange traded and mutual funds, non-redeemable preferred stocks and real estate investment trust (“REIT”) equity investments. Exchange traded and mutual funds that have fixed income and short-term securities as their underlying investments total $1.27 billion as of December 31, 2025. Sector exposure within exchange traded and mutual funds align with the respective tracked indices.

Mortgage loans of $879 million comprise loans secured by first mortgages on developed commercial real estate of $619 million and residential mortgage loans of $260 million. Key considerations used to manage our exposure include property type and geographic diversification. For further detail on our mortgage loan

portfolio, see Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements.

Limited partnership interests include $7.25 billion of interests in private equity funds, $1.45 billion of interests in real estate funds and $146 million of interests in other funds as of December 31, 2025. We have commitments to invest additional amounts in limited partnership interests totaling $3.24 billion as of December 31, 2025.

Short-term investments of $4.89 billion primarily comprise money market funds, commercial paper, U.S. Treasury bills, fixed income securities with a contractual maturity of one year or less at time of acquisition and other short-term investments, including securities lending collateral of $1.47 billion.

Other investments primarily comprise $630 million of direct investments of real estate, $473 million of bank loans, net, and $10 million of derivatives as of December 31, 2025. For further detail on our use of derivatives, see Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements.

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In general, the gross unrealized losses are related to an increase in market yields, which may include increased risk-free interest rates and wider credit spreads since the time of initial purchase. Similarly, gross unrealized gains reflect a decrease in market yields since the time of initial purchase.

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Net investment income increased 11.5% or $357 million in 2025 compared to 2024. Net investment income increase included higher market-based income resulting from higher average investment balances and improved fixed income yields. Performance-based investment results reflected higher real estate investment results, partially offset by lower private equity valuation increases.

(1)Investee level expenses include asset level operating expenses on directly held real estate and other consolidated investments reported in investment expense.

Performance-based investment income increased 4.9% or $30 million in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to higher real estate investment results, partially offset by lower private equity valuation increases.

Performance-based investment results and income can vary significantly between periods and are influenced by economic conditions, equity market performance, comparable public company earnings multiples, capitalization rates, operating performance of

the underlying investments and the timing of asset sales. The Company typically employs a lag in recording and recognizing changes in valuations of limited partnership interests due to the availability of investee financial statements. As a result, performance-based income may not reflect all economic conditions since the U.S.’s imposition of tariffs on goods imported to the U.S.

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(1)2025 includes losses recorded for variable interests in Reciprocal Exchanges. 2024 includes losses related to the carrying value of surplus notes issued by Reciprocal Exchanges. See Note 9 for further details.

(2)Relates to limited partnerships where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.

Net losses on investments and derivatives in 2025 related primarily to losses on sales of fixed income securities, credit losses primarily related to variable interests in Reciprocal Exchanges and certain real estate-related investments and losses on valuation change and settlements of derivatives, partially offset by valuation increases on equity investments. Net losses on investments and derivatives in 2024 related primarily to losses on sales of fixed income securities and a loss recognized related to surplus notes issued by the Reciprocal Exchanges, partially offset by valuation gains on equity investments.

Net losses on sales in 2025 related to sales of fixed income securities to support portfolio risk repositioning in the second and third quarters and ongoing portfolio

management. Net losses on sales in 2024 related primarily to sales of fixed income securities in connection with ongoing portfolio management.

Net losses on valuation change and settlements of derivativesof $76 million in 2025 primarily related to losses on foreign currency contracts used to manage foreign currency, losses on credit default contracts due to tightening credit spreads, losses on equity futures used to manage equity exposure and losses on interest rate futures used to manage duration. Net losses in 2024 primarily related to net losses on rate futures used to manage duration and equity futures used to manage equity exposure, partially offset by gains on foreign currency contracts used to manage foreign currency risk.

Net losses on performance-based investments and derivatives in 2025 primarily related to sales of private equity investments, credit losses on real estate-related investments and decreased valuations and settlements of derivatives from losses on foreign currency contracts used to manage foreign currency risk. These losses were partially offset by valuation gains on equity investments. Net gains in 2024 primarily related to increased valuation of equity investments, gains on sales and valuation change and settlements of derivatives, partially offset by credit losses.

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