REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA INC

(in millions)

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Business

Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (“RGA” and, collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992. The Company is engaged in providing traditional reinsurance, which includes individual and group life and health, disability and critical illness reinsurance. The Company also provides financial solutions, which include longevity reinsurance, asset-intensive products (primarily annuities), financial reinsurance, capital solutions, pension risk transfer (“PRT”) and stable value products.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report”).

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation, have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

Consolidation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RGA and its subsidiaries and all intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Entities for which the Company has significant influence over the operating and financing decisions but are not required to be consolidated are reported under the equity method of accounting.

NOTE 2 EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share on net income (in millions, except per share information):

The calculation of common equivalent shares does not include the impact of stock awards with a conversion price that exceeds the average stock price for the earnings period as the result would be antidilutive. The calculation of common equivalent shares also excludes the impact of outstanding performance share awards as the conditions necessary for their issuance have not been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period.

NOTE 3 EQUITY

Common stock

The changes in number of common stock shares issued, held in treasury and outstanding are as follows for the periods indicated:

Common Stock Held in Treasury

Common stock held in treasury is accounted for at average cost. Gains resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are credited to additional paid-in capital. Losses resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are charged first to additional paid-in capital to the extent the Company has previously recorded gains on treasury share transactions, then to retained earnings.

On January 23, 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $500 million of its outstanding common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 406,337 shares of common stock under this program. As of September 30, 2025, the aggregate amount remaining under the Company’s share repurchase authorization was $425 million.

Noncontrolling Interest

In 2022, Papara Financing LLC (“Papara”), a subsidiary of RGA Reinsurance Company, issued nonconvertible preferred interests to an unaffiliated third party. The membership interests in Papara consist of common interests, which are held by RGA Reinsurance Company, and preferred interests. The preferred interests, included in noncontrolling interest, total $90 million.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The balance of and changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (dollars in millions):

(1)Includes cash flow hedges of $(572) and $(495) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and $(229) and $(218) as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 11 – “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.

The following table presents the amounts of AOCI reclassifications for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

(1)See Note 11 – “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.

(2)This AOCI component is included in the computation of the net periodic pension cost. See Note 14 – “Employee Benefit Plans” for additional details.

Equity Based Compensation

Equity compensation expense was $29 million and $37 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In the first quarter of 2025, the Company granted 120,011 stock appreciation rights at $193.00 weighted average exercise price per share,131,836 performance shares and 86,474 restricted stock units to employees. As of September 30, 2025,1,281,263 share awards at a weighted average strike price per share of $124.33 were vested and exercisable with a remaining weighted average exercise period of 4.0 years. As of September 30, 2025, the total compensation cost of non-vested awards not yet recognized in the financial statements was $51 million. It is estimated that these costs will vest over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

NOTE 4 FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS

It is the Company’s policy to complete its annual assumptions review during the third quarter of each year. However, the Company reviews actual and anticipated experience compared to the assumptions used to compute the liability for future policy benefits on a quarterly basis and will update those assumptions during the quarter that indicates an assumption update is necessary.

Traditional Business

Significant assumptions used to compute the liability for future policy benefits for the Traditional business include mortality, morbidity, lapse rates and discount rates (both accretion and current). During the third quarter of 2025 and 2024, the Company completed its annual assumptions review resulting in a $183 million and $39 million increase in the Company’s liability for future policy benefits for its Traditional business, respectively. The increases in the liability in 2025 and 2024 were primarily the result of updating the mortality and lapse assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits.

The following tables provide the balances of and changes in the Company’s liability for future policy benefits for long-duration reinsurance contracts for its Traditional business, which primarily consists of individual life, group life and critical illness reinsurance, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

(1)Issuances: The present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new reinsurance contracts that became effective during the current period and new policies assumed on existing contracts.

(4)Derecognition: Includes the effects of treaty recaptures and treaty amendments that resulted in the termination of an existing treaty and the issuance of a new treaty under the internal replacement model.

(5)Benefit payments: The release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal, and other benefit payments based on current assumptions.

(1)Issuances: The present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new reinsurance contracts that became effective during the current period and new policies assumed on existing contracts.

(4)Derecognition: Includes the effects of treaty recaptures and treaty amendments that resulted in the termination of an existing treaty and the issuance of a new treaty under the internal replacement model.

(5)Benefit payments: The release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal, and other benefit payments based on current assumptions.

The Company’s Traditional business actual-to-expected variances and the effects of changes in cash flow and discount rate assumptions for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are summarized in the tables below:

Financial Solutions Business

Significant assumptions used to compute the liability for future policy benefits for the Financial Solutions business include mortality, morbidity, lapse rates and discount rates (both accretion and current). During the third quarter of 2025 and 2024, the Company completed its annual assumptions review resulting in a $24 million decrease and $20 million increase in the Company’s liability for future policy benefits for its Financial Solutions business, respectively. The decrease and increase in the liability in 2025 and 2024, respectively, were primarily the result of updating the lapse and mortality assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits.

The following tables provide the balances of and changes in the Company’s liability for future policy benefits, including the deferred profit liability related to the longevity business, for its Financial Solutions business, which primarily consists of longevity reinsurance, asset-intensive products (primarily annuities), financial reinsurance and pension risk transfer transactions, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

(1)Issuances: The present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new reinsurance contracts that became effective during the current period and new policies assumed on existing contracts.

(4)Derecognition: Includes the effects of treaty recaptures and treaty amendments that resulted in the termination of an existing treaty and the issuance of a new treaty under the internal replacement model.

(5)Benefit payments: The release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal, and other benefit payments based on current assumptions.

(1)Issuances: The present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new reinsurance contracts that became effective during the current period and new policies assumed on existing contracts.

(4)Derecognition: Includes the effects of treaty recaptures and treaty amendments that resulted in the termination of an existing treaty and the issuance of a new treaty under the internal replacement model.

(5)Benefit payments: The release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal, and other benefit payments based on current assumptions.

The Company’s Financial Solutions business actual-to-expected variances (including the effects of model updates) and the effects of changes in cash flow and discount rate assumptions for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are summarized in the tables below:

Reconciliation and Other Disclosures

The reconciliation of the rollforward of the liability for future policy benefits to the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):

The amount of undiscounted and discounted expected future gross premiums and expected future benefit payments for the liability for future policy benefits included in the rollforwards as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (dollars in millions):

The amount of gross premiums and interest expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the liability for future policy benefits included in the rollforwards for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the only material charge the Company incurred was a charge of $117 million due to net premiums exceeding gross premiums for one cohort in the U.K. (EMEA Traditional segment) as a result of updating the mortality assumptions in that period. No material charge was incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to net premiums exceeding gross premiums.

NOTE 5 POLICYHOLDER ACCOUNT BALANCES

Policyholder Account Balances

The following tables provide the balances of and changes in the Company’s liability for its policyholder account balances, reflected in interest-sensitive contract liabilities, for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

(1)Net amount at risk is defined as the guaranteed amount less the account value as of the balance sheet date. The balance represents the amount of the claim the Company would incur if death claims were filed on all contracts on the balance sheet date.

Information regarding the Company’s policyholder account balances as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):

The balance of account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):

NOTE 6 UNPAID CLAIMS AND CLAIM EXPENSE – SHORT-DURATION CONTRACTS

Rollforward of Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The liability for unpaid claims for short-duration contracts is reported in other policy claims and benefits on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Activity associated with unpaid claims is summarized below (dollars in millions):

Incurred claims associated with prior periods are primarily due to the development of claims for prior years being different than anticipated when the liabilities for unpaid claims were originally estimated. These trends have been considered in establishing the current year liability for unpaid claims.

NOTE 7 MARKET RISK BENEFITS

The following table provides the balances of and changes in the Company’s market risk benefits for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

The reconciliation of the rollforward for market risk benefits to the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):

(1)Included in Other assets.

Fair Value Measurement

See Note 12 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” for information about fair value measurement of assets and liabilities, except for market risk benefits.

Market risk benefits are classified within Level 3 on the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of market risk benefits is monitored through the use of attribution reports to quantify the effect of underlying sources of fair value change, including capital market inputs based on policyholder account values, interest rates and short-term and long-term implied volatility from period to period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no material changes made to the inputs in the market risk benefits calculations, and nonfinancial assumptions were unchanged.

NOTE 8 DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS AND OTHER

Deferred policy acquisition costs and other on the condensed consolidated balance sheets include deferred policy acquisition costs and the cost of reinsurance assets.

The following tables provide the balances of, and changes in, deferred policy acquisition costs for the Company’s Traditional business for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

The following tables provide the balances of, and changes in, deferred policy acquisition costs for the Company’s Financial Solutions business for thenine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024(dollars in millions):

The reconciliation of deferred policy acquisition costs included in the rollforwards to deferred policy acquisition costs and other on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):

NOTE 9 REINSURANCE

Ceded Reinsurance

In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance or reinsurance companies under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company increased its per life retention limit from $8 million to $30 million effective January 1, 2025, and began notifying the Company’s retrocessionaires of the increased per life retention limit and the Company’s intention to recapture the risk ceded to the retrocessionaire in the future. The increased retention limit and updated recapture assumption resulted in a future policy benefits remeasurement loss of $136 million recognized in the third quarter of 2024.

Retrocession reinsurance treaties do not relieve the Company from its obligations to direct writing companies. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. Consequently, allowances would be established for amounts deemed uncollectible. The Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of the insurance companies from which it assumes and to which it cedes reinsurance. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no allowances were deemed necessary.

Retrocessions are arranged through the Company’s retrocession pools for amounts in excess of the Company’s retention limit. As of September 30, 2025, all rated retrocession pool participants followed by the A.M. Best Company were rated“B++ (Good)” or better. The Company verifies retrocession pool participants’ ratings on a quarterly basis. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, security in the form of letters of credit or trust assets have been posted. In addition, the Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, Ruby Reinsurance Company (“Ruby Re”), a Missouri-domiciled life reinsurance company to reinsure U.S. asset-intensive business, was launched with the Company as a sponsor. The Company, which is not an investor in Ruby Re, does not consolidate the entity. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has a ceded reinsurance recoverable from Ruby Re of approximately $3.0 billion.

Excluding amounts retroceded to Ruby Re, three major reinsurance companies account for 39.6% of reinsurance ceded receivables and other as of September 30, 2025.

Also included in reinsurance ceded receivables and other is a deposit asset on reinsurance of $2.7 billion and $2.8 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $8 million and $4 million of claims recoverable were in excess of 90 days past due, respectively.

Funds Withheld

Certain of the Company’s retrocession agreements, including those with Ruby Re, are on a modco or funds withheld basis. While the economic benefits of the funds withheld assets are passed on to the assuming company, the Company retains legal ownership of the assets within the funds withheld account and established a funds withheld liability. Net investment income related to the funds withheld assets are reported in other insurance expenses, and net realized gains (losses) related to the assets are reported net of the amount that is passed on to the assuming company. The following assets were held in support of the Company’s funds withheld arrangements and are reported in the line items shown in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Certain assets are reported at amortized cost while the fair value of those assets is reflected in the funds withheld payable. The Company had a $5,277 million and $5,017 million funds withheld payable as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, net of an embedded derivative asset of $112 million and $160 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 10 INVESTMENTS

Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

The Company holds various types of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale and classifies them as corporate securities (“Corporate”), Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities (“Canadian government”), Japanese government and agencies (“Japanese government”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), U.S. government and agencies (“U.S. government”), state and political subdivisions, and other foreign government, supranational and foreign government-sponsored enterprises (“Other foreign government”). ABS, CMBS, and RMBS are collectively referred to as “structured securities.”

The following tables provide information relating to investments in fixed maturity securities by type as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments on an ongoing basis and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio that limits exposure to any one issuer. The Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk from single issuers, including certain agencies, greater than 10% of the Company’s equity are disclosed below, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale as of September 30, 2025, are shown by contractual maturity in the table below (dollars in millions). Actual maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Structured securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date.

Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities

The tables below show the major sectors of the Company’s corporate fixed maturity holdings as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments–Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

As discussed in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report, allowances for credit losses on fixed maturity securities are recognized in investment related gains (losses), net. The Company estimates the amount of the credit loss component of a fixed maturity security impairment as the difference between amortized cost and the present value of the expected cash flows of the security. Any remaining difference between the fair value and amortized cost is recognized in OCI.

The following tables present the rollforward of the allowance for credit losses in fixed maturity securities by type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024(dollars in millions):

Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value necessitates the recording of an allowance for credit losses includes an analysis of whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security, and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment.

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses for the 5,553 and 6,401 fixed maturity securities for which both the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost and an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively (dollars in millions). These investments are presented by class and grade of security, as well as the length of time the related fair value has continuously remained below amortized cost.

The Company did not intend to sell, and more likely than not would not be required to sell, the securities outlined in the tables above, as of the dates presented. However, unforeseen facts and circumstances may cause the Company to sell fixed maturity securities in the ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet certain diversification, credit quality and liquidity guidelines. Changes in unrealized losses are primarily due to changes in risk-free interest rates and credit spreads.

Net Investment Income

Major categories of net investment income consist of the following (dollars in millions):

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net

Investment related gains (losses), net consist of the following (dollars in millions):

Collateral Arrangements

The Company enters into various collateral arrangements with counterparties that require both the pledging and acceptance of invested assets as collateral. Pledged invested assets are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Invested assets received as collateral are held in separate custodial accounts and are not recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Subject to certain constraints, the Company is permitted by contract to sell or repledge collateral it receives; however, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, none of the collateral received had been sold or repledged.

The Company also holds invested assets on deposit to meet regulatory requirements and holds assets in trust to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties.

The following table includes invested assets on deposit, invested assets pledged and received as collateral, assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements and FHLB common stock restricted as to sale as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Securities Lending and Repurchase/Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The following table provides the estimated fair value of securities relating to securities lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

(1)Securities loaned or pledged through securities lending transactions or sold to counterparties through repurchase transactions are included within fixed maturity securities. Collateral associated with certain securities lending transactions is not included within this table as the collateral pledged to the counterparty is the right to reinsurance treaty cash flows. Certain securities lending transactions do not require collateral.

(2)Securities borrowed or received as collateral through securities lending transactions or purchased from counterparties through reverse repurchase transactions are not reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)A payable for the cash received by the Company is included within other liabilities.

The following table presents the estimated fair value of securities by the remaining contractual maturity of the Company’s securities lending and repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Mortgage Loans

The Company invests in both commercial and residential mortgage loans in the U.S. (90.9%), Canada (7.0%), and the U.K. (2.1%). As of September 30, 2025, mortgage loans were geographically dispersed throughout the U.S. with the largest concentrations in California (12.3%), Texas (9.7%) and Colorado (5.4%). The recorded investment in mortgage loans presented below is gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses and allowance for credit losses.

The following table presents the distribution of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans by property type as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The following table presents the maturities of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators of the Company’s recorded investment in commercial mortgage loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The following tables set forth credit quality grades by year of origination of the Company’s recorded investment in commercial mortgage loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The following table sets forth credit quality by year of origination of the Company’s recorded investment in residential mortgage loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The following table presents the current and past due composition of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

The following tables present information regarding the Company’s allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

The Company modified six and eight commercial mortgage loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, providing interest only payments, maturity extensions or payment deferrals. The total recorded investment before allowance for credit losses for the modified loans was $61 million and $90 million as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company had three commercial mortgage loans totaling $41 million and one commercial mortgage loan in the amount of $23 million that were on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company did not convert any mortgage loans to owned properties through a deed in lieu of foreclosure during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to three such conversions of commercial mortgage loans totaling $23 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Additionally, the Company reclassified one property in the amount of $21 million, that was previously held for sale, to held for use. The Company did not acquire any impaired mortgage loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Policy Loans

The majority of policy loans are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk as the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due to the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. The Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.

Funds Withheld at Interest

For reinsurance agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld by the ceding company and are legally owned and managed by the ceding company. The Company reflects these assets on its balance sheets as funds withheld at interest.

Limited Partnerships and Real Estate Joint Ventures

The carrying values of limited partnerships and real estate joint ventures as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (dollars in millions):

Other Invested Assets

Other invested assets include lifetime mortgages, derivative contracts and FHLB common stock. Other invested assets also include real estate held for investment, which is included in “Other” in the table below. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses for lifetime mortgages was not material. The carrying values of other invested assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (dollars in millions):

NOTE 11 DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

See Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report for a detailed discussion of the accounting treatment for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives. See Note 12 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” for additional disclosures related to the fair value hierarchy for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives.

Commonly used derivative instruments include, but are not limited to: interest rate swaps, interest rate options, total return swaps, interest rate futures, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency forwards, foreign currency options, equity options, equity futures, credit default swaps (single name and index), options on credit default index swaps, consumer price index (“CPI”) swaps, forward bond purchase commitments, synthetic guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”), other derivatives and embedded derivatives. For detailed information on these derivative instruments and the Company’s related strategies, see Note 12 – “Derivative Instruments” of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report.

Summary of Derivative Positions

Freestanding derivatives, except for other swaps, are included in other invested assets or other liabilities, at fair value. Other swaps are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets in other assets or other liabilities, at fair value. Embedded derivative assets and liabilities on modified coinsurance or funds withheld arrangements are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in funds withheld at interest or funds withheld payable, at fair value. Embedded derivative liabilities on indexed products are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in interest-sensitive contract liabilities, at fair value. The following table presents the notional amounts and gross fair value of derivative instruments prior to taking into account the netting effects of master netting agreements as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Fair Value Hedges

The Company designates and reports the following as fair value hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging:(i) certain foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated assets; and (ii) interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate liabilities to floating rate liabilities. The gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to a change in interest rates or foreign currency and the offsetting gain or loss on the related interest rate or foreign currency swaps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (dollars in millions):

The following table presents the balance sheet classification, carrying amount and cumulative fair value hedging adjustments for items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedges (dollars in millions):

Cash Flow Hedges

Certain derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging. The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash flow hedges: (i) certain interest rate swaps, in which the cash flows of assets and liabilities are variable based on a benchmark rate; (ii) certain interest rate swaps, in which floating rate assets are converted to fixed rate assets; (iii) forward bond purchase commitments; and (iv) certain foreign currency swaps, in which the cash flows of assets are denominated in different currencies, commonly referred to as cross-currency swaps.

The following table presents the cash flow hedge components of AOCI, before income taxes, and where the gain or loss related to cash flow hedges is recognized on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

As of September 30, 2025, approximately $62 million of before tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI are expected to be reclassified to net investment income during the next twelve months. For the same time period, approximately $6 million of before tax deferred net gains on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI are expected to be reclassified to interest expense during the next twelve months.

The following table presents the effect of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no material amounts reclassified into earnings relating to instances in which the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transaction did not occur by the anticipated date or within the additional time period permitted by the authoritative guidance for the accounting for derivatives and hedging.

Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations

The Company uses foreign currency forwards to hedge a portion of its net investment in certain foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. The following table illustrates the Company’s net investments in foreign operations (“NIFO”) hedges and the gains (losses) deferred in OCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in millions):

The cumulative foreign currency translation gain recorded in AOCI related to these hedges was $248 million and $313 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. If a hedged foreign operation was sold or substantially liquidated, the amounts in AOCI would be reclassified to the condensed consolidated statements of income. A pro rata portion would be reclassified upon partial sale of a hedged foreign operation. There were no sales or substantial liquidations of net investments in foreign operations that would have required the reclassification of gains or losses from AOCI into investment income during the periods presented.

Non-qualifying Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than Hedging

The Company uses various other derivative instruments for risk management purposes that either do not qualify or have not been elected for hedge accounting treatment. The gain or loss related to the change in fair value for these derivative instruments is recognized in investment related gains (losses), net, except where otherwise noted.

A summary of the effect of non-qualifying derivatives, including embedded derivatives, on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in millions):

Credit Derivatives

The following table presents the estimated fair value, maximum amount of future payments and weighted average years to maturity of credit default swaps sold by the Company at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

(1)Rating agency designations are based on ratings from Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”) when available. Other credited rating agencies or internal ratings may be used when S&P ratings are not available.

(2)Assumes the value of the referenced credit obligations is zero.

(3)The weighted average years to maturity of the credit default swaps is calculated based on weighted average notional amounts.

Netting Arrangements and Credit Risk

Certain of the Company’s freestanding derivatives are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements and reported as a net asset or liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company nets all derivatives that are subject to such arrangements.

The Company has elected to include all freestanding derivatives in the table below, irrespective of whether they are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or a similar agreement. See Note 10 – “Investments” for information regarding the Company’s securities borrowing, lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements.

The following table provides information relating to the netting of the Company’s derivative instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

(1)Includes initial margin posted to a central clearing partner for financial instruments and excludes the excess of collateral received/pledged from/to the counterparty.

The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally, the credit exposure of the Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value and accrued interest of non-collateralized derivative contracts in an asset position at the reporting date. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had credit exposure of $16 million.

Derivatives may be exchange-traded or they may be privately negotiated contracts, which are referred to as over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives. Certain of the Company’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties (“OTC cleared”) and others are bilateral contracts between two counterparties. Additionally, the Company is required to pledge initial margin for certain OTC-bilateral derivative transactions. The Company manages its credit risk related to OTC derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master netting agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. The Company is only exposed to the default of the central clearing counterparties for OTC cleared derivatives, and these transactions require initial and daily variation margin collateral postings. Exchange-traded derivatives are settled on a daily basis, thereby reducing the credit risk exposure in the event of non-performance by counterparties to such financial instruments.

NOTE 12 FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Fair Value Measurement

General accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. These principles also establish a three-level fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Active markets are defined through various characteristics for the measured asset/liability, such as having many transactions and narrow bid/ask spreads.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or market standard valuation techniques and assumptions that use significant inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the related assets or liabilities and include those whose value is determined using market standard valuation techniques described above. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques that require management’s judgment or estimation in developing inputs that are consistent with those other market participants would use when pricing similar assets and liabilities.

For a discussion of the Company’s valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 13 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report.

See Note 7 – “Market Risk Benefits” for information about fair value measurement of market risk benefits.

Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized below (dollars in millions):

(1)Excludes limited partnerships that are measured at estimated fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of September 30, 2025, the fair value of such investments was $940 million.

(1)Excludes limited partnerships that are measured at estimated fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of such investments was $966 million.

Quantitative Information Regarding Internally Priced Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements that are developed internally by the Company as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

Assets and liabilities transferred into Level 3 are due to a lack of observable market transactions and price information. Transfers out of Level 3 are primarily the result of the Company obtaining observable pricing information or a third-party pricing quotation that appropriately reflects the fair value of those assets and liabilities.

For further information on the Company’s valuation processes, see Note 13 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report.

The reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows (dollars in millions):

(2)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.

(2)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.

(2)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.

(2)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company has certain assets subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition if they are determined to be impaired. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any material assets that were measured at fair value due to impairment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, which were not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions). For additional information regarding the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company to estimate these fair values, see Note 13 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report. This table excludes any payables or receivables for collateral under repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements and other transactions. The estimated fair value of the excluded amounts approximate carrying value as they equal the amount of cash collateral received/paid.

(1)Carrying values presented herein may differ from those in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets because certain items within the respective financial statement captions may be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

(2)Carrying values and estimated fair values presented herein include a reinsurance recoverable of $2.0 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 13 INCOME TAX

The effective tax rate on pre-tax income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was 20.3% and 29.7%, respectively. The tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025, was lower than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the jurisdictional mix of earnings and the U.S. tax benefits received from taxes paid in foreign jurisdictions. The tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was higher than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to tax expense related to legal entity restructuring, the establishment of a valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards, as well as income earned in foreign jurisdictions with statutory rates higher than in the U.S. These increases were partially offset with benefits received from tax credits generated during the year. The effective tax rate on pre-tax income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, was 26.7% and 24.2%, respectively. The tax rate was higher than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to adjustments related to tax returns filed during the quarter as well as U.S. taxation of foreign profits. These increases were partially offset with benefits due to differences of tax basis in foreign jurisdictions and adjustments to the valuation allowance.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act was enacted on July 4, 2025. The impact of such legislation on the Company was immaterial for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development developed Model Global Anti-Base Erosion rules establishing a Global Minimum Tax to ensure that multinational enterprises with consolidated revenue of more than EUR 750 million pay an effective tax rate of at least 15% on income arising in each jurisdiction in which they operate. As of September 30, 2025, many of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates enacted legislation under those rules, with an effective date of January 1, 2024 or January 1, 2025. The tax impact of such legislation on the Company was immaterial for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was enacted in 2022. For tax years ending after December 31, 2022, the Act imposes a 15% minimum tax on adjusted financial statement income for “applicable corporations” with average financial statement income over $1 billion for the previous 3-year period ending in 2022 or after. Based on the current guidance, the Company is not an applicable corporation under the Act for 2025. The Act also imposes a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks of publicly traded corporations. The Act is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s tax expense.

Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act of 2023 on December 27, 2023. The Bermuda corporate income tax regime establishes a statutory tax rate of 15% and is applicable to multinational companies with annual revenue of EUR 750 million or more. The corporate income tax regime is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. The tax impact of Bermuda’s corporate income tax regime on the Company was immaterial for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

NOTE 14 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The components of net periodic benefit cost, included in other operating expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income, for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (dollars in millions):

NOTE 15 COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES

Commitments

Funding of Investments

The Company’s commitments to fund investments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are presented in the following table (dollars in millions):

The Company anticipates that the majority of its current commitments will be invested over the next five years; however, these commitments could become due any time at the request of the counterparties. Bank loans and private placements are included in fixed maturity securities available-for-sale.

The Company has an immaterial liability, included in other liabilities, for current expected credit losses associated with unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Funding Agreements

Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines

The Company is a member of the FHLB and, through membership, has issued funding agreements to the FHLB in exchange for cash advances. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $1.3 billion of FHLB funding agreements outstanding. The Company is required to provide collateral in excess of the funding agreement amounts outstanding, considering any discounts to the securities posted and prepayment penalties.

Funding Agreement Backed Notes

The Company’s Funding Agreement Backed Notes (“FABN”) program allows RGA Global Funding, a special-purpose, unaffiliated statutory trust, to offer its senior secured medium-term notes to investors. RGA Global Funding uses the net proceeds from each sale to purchase one or more funding agreements from the Company. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $5.3 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively, of FABN agreements outstanding, which are included within interest-sensitive contract liabilities.

Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is subject to litigation and regulatory investigations or actions from time to time. Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending legal, regulatory and governmental matters will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in future or pending legal, regulatory and governmental matters, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, and indeterminate or potentially substantial amount of damages sought in any such matters, an adverse outcome could be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows for any particular reporting period. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand, litigation or regulatory action or is notified that an arbitration demand, litigation or regulatory action is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated.

Guarantees

Statutory Reserve Support

Certain RGA subsidiaries have committed to provide statutory reserve support to third parties, in exchange for a fee, by funding loans if certain defined events occur. Such statutory reserves are required under the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX for term life insurance policies and Regulation A-XXX for universal life secondary guarantees). In addition, certain subsidiaries have also committed to provide capital support to a third party, in exchange for a fee, by agreeing to assume real estate leases in the event of a severe and prolonged decline in the commercial lease market. Upon assumption of a lease, the Company would recognize a right of use asset and lease obligation. As of September 30, 2025, the Company does not believe that it will be required to provide any funding under these commitments as the occurrence of the defined events is considered remote. The following table presents the maximum potential obligation for these commitments as of September 30, 2025 (dollars in millions):

Support Agreements

The Company, as obligor, is a party to a capital maintenance agreement with its subsidiary, RGA Life and Annuity, as beneficiary, which was entered into in connection with receipt of insurance licenses in certain jurisdictions. Under this agreement, the Company guarantees for specified periods of time (depending upon jurisdiction) that the subsidiary will meet specified capital and surplus levels. Given the amount of business that has been and is expected to be written by the subsidiary, the Company anticipates that it will have sufficient liquidity and capital to meet any obligation under this agreement.

NOTE 16 SEGMENT INFORMATION

Segments

The Company has nine geographic-based and business-based operational segments including a Corporate and Other segment. Geographic-based operations are further segmented into traditional and financial solutions businesses. The Company’s geographic based segments are U.S. and Latin America, Canada, Europe Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific.

Traditional reinsurance includes individual and group life and health, disability, long-term care and critical illness reinsurance. Financial Solutions includes asset-intensive reinsurance, longevity reinsurance, stable value products, pension risk transfer transactions and capital solutions products.

The Corporate and Other revenues primarily include investment income from unallocated invested assets and service fees. Corporate and Other expenses consist of the offset to capital charges allocated to the operating segments within the policy acquisition costs and other insurance income line item, unallocated corporate overhead and executive costs, interest expense related to debt and service business expenses. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes results from the Company’s Funding Agreement Backed Notes (“FABN”) issued prior to January 1, 2025. Effective January 1, 2025, newly issued FABNs are included in the U.S. Financial Solutions segment.

Segment Accounting Policies

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report.

The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in the Company’s businesses. As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income is attributed to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.

There are no intersegment reinsurance transactions or revenues, and the Company does not have any material long-lived assets.

No individual client generated 10% or more of the Company’s total gross premiums and other revenues on a consolidated basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. For the purpose of this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company structure are combined.

Financial Measures

The Company segment measure of profit or loss is adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes. Adjusted operating income before income taxes does not equate to “Income (loss) before income taxes” as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP but is the measure of segment profit or loss used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources and, consistent with authoritative guidance, is the measure of segment performance presented below. Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes is calculated as income before income taxes excluding, as applicable:

•Substantially all of the effects of net investment related gains and losses;

•Changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives;

•Changes in the fair value of contracts that provide market risk benefits;

•Non-economic losses at contract inception for direct pension risk transfer single premium business (which are amortized into adjusted operating income within adjusted claims and other policy benefits over the estimated lives of the contracts);

•Any net gain or loss from discontinued operations;

•The cumulative effect of any accounting changes;

•The impact of certain tax related items; and

•Any other items that the Company believes are not indicative of the Company’s ongoing operations.

The Company’s significant expenses are (1) adjusted claims and other policy benefits which exclude the non-economic losses at contract inception for direct pension risk transfer single premium business, (2) future policy benefits remeasurement gains and losses, (3) adjusted interest credited, which excludes the change in fair value of embedded derivatives associated with indexed products and (4) interest expense.

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CEO uses segment adjusted operating income before income taxes to allocate resources (including employees and financial and capital resources) for each segment including consideration of future performance. The CEO considers performance on a monthly basis for segment adjusted operating income before income taxes when making decisions about allocating capital, personnel, evaluating market opportunities and future growth. The CEO also uses segment adjusted operating income before income taxes to assess the performance for each segment and for evaluating compensation of certain employees.

The Company does not report total assets by segment, as this metric is not used by the CODM to allocate resources or evaluate segment performance.

The following tables summarize the Company’s reportable segment revenues, significant expenses, measure of profit and loss and reconciliations to the Company’s consolidated totals (dollars in millions):