Chubb Ltd

(1)Excludes consolidated investment products and private equities where we own more than three percent.

(2)Includes $8 million, $16 million, and $21 million of amortization expense related to the fair value adjustment of acquired invested assets in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Excludes investment income from our private equities where we own more than 3 percent interest.

Net investment income is influenced by a number of factors including the amounts and timing of inward and outward cash flows, the level of interest rates, and changes in overall asset allocation. Net investment income increased 9.0 percent in 2025 compared with 2024, primarily due to higher average invested assets. Refer to Note 1 f) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

For private equities where we own less than three percent, investment income is included within Net investment income in the table above. For private equities where we own more than three percent, investment income is included within Other (income) expense in the Consolidated statements of operations. Excluded from Net investment income is the mark-to-market movement for private equities, which is recorded within either Other (income) expense or Net realized gains (losses) based on our percentage of ownership. The total mark-to-market movement for private equities excluded from Net investment income was as follows: