Chubb Ltd

We anticipate that positive cash flows from operations (underwriting activities and investment income) should be sufficient to cover cash outflows under most loss scenarios for the near term. In addition to cash from operations, routine sales of investments, and financing arrangements, we have agreements with a third-party bank provider which implemented two international multi-currency notional cash pooling programs to enhance cash management efficiency during periods of short-term timing mismatches between expected inflows and outflows of cash by currency. The programs allow us to optimize investment income by avoiding portfolio disruption. Should the need arise, we generally have access to capital markets and to credit facilities. Our group syndicated credit facility has capacity of $3.0 billion and expires in October 2027. Our total letter of credit capacity is $4.1 billion, $3.0 billion of which can be used for revolving credit. At March 31, 2025, our usage under these facilities was $937 million in letters of credit. Our access to credit under these facilities is dependent on the ability of the bank counterparties to meet their funding commitments. The facilities require that we maintain certain financial covenants, all of which we met at March 31, 2025. Should the existing credit providers on these facilities experience financial difficulty, we may be required to replace credit sources, possibly in a difficult market. If we cannot obtain adequate capital or sources of credit on favorable terms, on a timely basis, or at all, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected. To date, we have not experienced difficulty accessing our credit facility or establishing additional facilities when needed.

The payment of dividends or other statutorily permissible distributions from our operating companies are subject to the laws and regulations applicable to each jurisdiction, as well as the need to maintain capital levels adequate to support the insurance and reinsurance operations, including financial strength ratings issued by independent rating agencies. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we were able to meet all our obligations, including the payments of dividends on our Common Shares, with our net cash flows.

We assess which subsidiaries to draw dividends from based on a number of factors. Considerations such as regulatory and legal restrictions as well as the subsidiary’s financial condition are paramount to the dividend decision. Chubb Limited received dividends of $310 million and nil from its Bermuda subsidiaries during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Chubb Limited received dividends of $207 million and $91 million from its other international subsidiaries during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. During April 2025, Chubb Limited received $625 million from Chubb INA for the redemption of a portion of its ownership interest in Chubb INA, in accordance with the plan of liquidation and conversion of Chubb INA to a limited liability company. Chubb INA is expected to fully redeem, by the end of 2027, Chubb Limited's 20 percent ownership interest in Chubb INA.

The U.S. insurance subsidiaries of Chubb INA may pay dividends, without prior regulatory approval, subject to restrictions set out in state law of the subsidiary’s domicile (or, if applicable, commercial domicile). Chubb INA’s international subsidiaries are also subject to insurance laws and regulations particular to the countries in which the subsidiaries operate. These laws and regulations sometimes include restrictions that limit the amount of dividends payable without prior approval of regulatory insurance authorities. Chubb Limited received no dividends from Chubb INA during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024. Debt issued by Chubb INA is serviced by statutorily permissible distributions by Chubb INA’s insurance subsidiaries to Chubb INA as well as other group resources. Chubb INA received dividends of $366 million and nil from its subsidiaries during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Cash Flows

Our sources of liquidity include cash from operations, routine sales of investments, and financing arrangements. The following is a discussion of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Operating cash flows were $1.6 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $3.2 billion in the prior year period, primarily due to higher net losses paid and income taxes paid, partially offset by higher net investment income.

Cash used for investing was $798 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $3.7 billion in the prior year period, a decrease of $2.9 billion, which primarily included lower net purchases of fixed maturities and equity securities of $1.9 billion. Additionally, the current year period included net sales of short-term investments of $773 million compared to net purchase of short-term investments of $708 million in the prior year period. These items were partially offset by higher private equity contributions.

Cash used for financing was $1.1 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to cash provided by financing of $562 million in the prior year period, an additional use of cash of $1.7 billion. This was primarily due to repayments of long-term debt of $800 million compared with the issuance of long-term debt of $996 million in the prior year, additional common shares repurchased of $287 million, and lower net repayments of repurchase agreements of $285 million.

We use repurchase agreements as a low-cost alternative source of liquidity within our operating subsidiaries. At March 31, 2025, there were $3.1 billion in repurchase agreements outstanding with various maturities over the next two months.

Both internal and external forces influence our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Claim settlements, premium levels, and investment returns may be impacted by changing rates of inflation and other economic conditions. In many cases, significant periods of time, ranging up to several years or more, may lapse between the occurrence of an insured loss, the reporting of the loss to us, and the settlement of the liability for that loss.