CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORP

The risk factor entitled “Adverse changes in economic conditions, the automobile or finance industries, or the non-prime consumer market could adversely affect our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations, the ability of key vendors that we depend on to supply us with services, and our ability to enter into future financing transactions” included in Item 1A – Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 is amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

Adverse changes in economic conditions, the automobile or finance industries, or the non-prime consumer market could adversely affect our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations, the ability of key vendors that we depend on to supply us with services, and our ability to enter into future financing transactions.

We are subject to general economic conditions which are beyond our control. During periods of economic slowdown or recession, delinquencies, defaults, repossessions, and losses may increase on our Consumer Loans, and Consumer Loan prepayments may decline. These periods are also typically accompanied by decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding Consumer Loans, which weakens collateral coverage and increases the amount of loss in the event of default. Significant increases in the inventory of used automobiles during periods of economic recession may also depress the prices at which repossessed automobiles may be sold or delay the timing of these sales. Additionally, inflation, higher gasoline prices, the deferral or resumption of student loan payments, increased focus on climate-related initiatives and regulation, declining stock market values, unstable real estate values, resets of adjustable rate mortgages to higher interest rates, increasing unemployment levels, general availability of consumer credit, tariffs or other factors that impact consumer confidence or disposable income could increase loss frequency and decrease consumer demand for automobiles as well as weaken collateral values of automobiles. Imposition of or increases in tariffs on U.S. imports could result in higher used car prices in the United States, leading to decreased Dealer origination of Consumer Loans and a decline in Consumer Loan assignments to us. Because our business is focused on consumers who do not qualify for conventional automobile financing, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions, and losses on our Consumer Loans could be higher than those experienced in the general automobile finance industry, and could be more dramatically affected by a general economic downturn.

We rely on Dealers to originate Consumer Loans for assignment under our programs. High levels of Dealer attrition, due to a general economic downturn or otherwise, could materially adversely affect our operations. In addition, we rely on vendors to provide us with services we need to operate our business. Any disruption in our operations due to the untimely or discontinued supply of these services could substantially adversely affect our operations. Finally, during an economic slowdown or recession, our servicing costs may increase without a corresponding increase in finance charge revenue. Any sustained period of increased delinquencies, defaults, repossessions, or losses or increased servicing costs could also materially adversely affect our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations and our ability to enter into future financing transactions.

Technological advancements or changes to trends in the automobile industry such as new autonomous driving technologies or car- and ride-sharing programs could decrease consumer demand for automobiles. Decreased consumer demand for automobiles could negatively impact demand for our financing programs as well as weaken collateral values of automobiles, which could materially adversely affect our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations.

The following risk factor updates and supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Technology and Cybersecurity Risks” in Item 1A - Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The development and use of artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that may adversely impact our business.

We, or Third-Party Providers, third-party service providers, automobile dealers who participate in our programs, or other third parties with which we transact or have business relationships, may develop or incorporate artificial intelligence (“AI”) technology in certain business processes, services, or products. The development and use of AI presents several potential risks and challenges to our business. The implementation by us of AI technologies may require significant additional investments in infrastructure, personnel, and training. There can be no assurance that such investments will yield the anticipated benefits or that we will be able to successfully integrate AI into our existing systems and processes without disruption. We may not be able to effectively implement or keep pace with evolutions in AI or other technology-driven products and services as quickly or with the same degree of success as our competitors. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could harm our ability to maintain and expand our relationships with Dealers and otherwise adversely affect our business and our ability to compete successfully in the automobile finance market.

The legal and regulatory environment relating to AI is complex and rapidly evolving in the United States and includes both regulatory frameworks targeting AI specifically and other laws and regulations related to such matters as intellectual property, privacy, consumer protection and employment, among others, applicable to the use of AI. These evolving laws and regulations could affect our approach to AI technology and any implementation of AI technology that we may pursue and could result in significant compliance costs and risk of non-compliance.

AI models may produce output or take action that is incorrect, that reflects biases included in the data on which they are trained, that results in the release of private, confidential, or proprietary information, that infringes on the intellectual property rights of others, or that is otherwise harmful. The limited transparency of AI models increases the challenges associated with assessing the proper operation of AI models, understanding and monitoring the capabilities of AI models, reducing erroneous output of AI models, eliminating bias in AI models, and complying with relevant regulations. Further, we may rely on AI models developed by third parties, and, to that extent, would be dependent in part on the manner in which those third parties develop and train their models, which could expose us to risks arising from the inclusion of any unauthorized material in the training data for their models and the effectiveness of the steps these third parties have taken to limit the risks associated with the output of their models, matters over which we may have limited visibility.

Whether or not we are otherwise able successfully to manage the implementation of AI in our business and address the competitive challenges AI could pose to our business, any failure by Third-Party Providers, our third-party service providers, Dealers, or other third parties with which we transact or have business relationships to adhere to our AI policies, or otherwise to use AI in an appropriate manner, could result in legal or regulatory violations, jeopardize our intellectual property rights or those of other parties, or expose us to cybersecurity threats, any of which could adversely affect our business and result in our sustaining reputational, technical, or competitive harm.

Stock Repurchases

The following table summarizes stock repurchases for the three months ended March 31, 2025:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

(1) Average price paid per share excludes excise tax. Our share repurchases in excess of issuances are subject to a 1% excise tax enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act. Any excise tax incurred is recognized as part of the cost basis of the shares acquired in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity.

(2) On August 21, 2023, our board of directors authorized the repurchase by us from time to time of up to two million shares of our common stock (the "August 2023 Authorization"). The August 2023 Authorization, which was announced on August 24, 2023, does not have a specified expiration date. Repurchases under the August 2023 Authorization may be made in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions, through block trades, pursuant to trading plans adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5‑1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise.

(3) Consists of shares of common stock released to us by team members as payment of tax withholdings upon the settlement of restricted stock units in shares of common stock and the vesting of restricted stock units.

(4) Includes 1,835 shares of common stock released to us by team members as payment of tax withholdings upon the settlement of restricted stock units in common stock and the vesting of restricted stock units.

(5) Includes 352 shares of common stock released to us by team members as payment of tax withholdings upon the settlement of restricted stock units in common stock and the vesting of restricted stock units.