KEMPER Corp

Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements of

(Dollars in millions)

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Kemper Corporation (“Kemper”) and its subsidiaries which include property and casualty insurance subsidiaries, life insurance subsidiaries, a health insurance subsidiary through the date of its sale of December 1, 2022 (collectively referred to herein as the “Company”), and a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Periodically, Kemper may acquire an additional company which then becomes one of the various subsidiaries of Kemper. When an acquisition occurs, Kemper will include the results of the acquired company in the consolidated financial results from the date of its acquisition and forward. When a disposition occurs, Kemper will include the results of the disposed subsidiary in the consolidated financial results up to the date of sale.

In 2024, the Company elected to begin displaying Interest Expense as its own line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Other Expenses, previously reported within Interest and Other Expenses, is now combined with Insurance Expenses and reported as Insurance and Other Expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect the Company’s updated presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Many of these estimates and assumptions are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to the Company’s business and operations. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions.

The fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities, Investments in Convertible Securities at Fair Value, Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value and Debt are estimated using a hierarchical framework which prioritizes and ranks market price observability of inputs used in fair value measurements. The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value for Cash, Short-term Investments and certain other assets and other liabilities because of their short-term nature. The actual value at which financial instruments could be sold or settled with a willing buyer or seller may differ from estimated fair values depending on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, current and future economic conditions, the quantity sold or settled, the presence of an active market and the availability of a willing buyer or seller.

The Company’s portfolio also includes investments in Alternative Energy Partnerships that are accounted for under the Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (“HLBV”) method. Under the HLBV method, the amounts of income and loss attributed to investors reflect changes in the amounts the fund investors would hypothetically receive at each balance sheet date under the liquidation provisions of the contractual agreements of these funds. Attributing income and loss under the HLBV method requires the use of significant assumptions and forecasts to calculate the amounts that fund investors would receive upon a hypothetical liquidation.

The process of estimating and establishing reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) for property and casualty insurance is inherently uncertain, and the actual ultimate net cost of known and unknown claims may vary materially from the estimated amounts reserved. The reserving process is particularly imprecise for claims involving long-tailed exposures, which may not be discovered or reported until years after the insurance policy period has ended. Management considers a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, past claims experience, current claim trends and relevant legal, economic and social conditions, in estimating reserves. A change in any one or more factors is likely to result in the ultimate net claim costs differing from the estimated reserve. Changes in such estimates may be material and would be recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements when such estimates change.

The process of determining whether an asset is impaired or recoverable relies on projections of future cash flows, operating results and market conditions. Projections are inherently uncertain, and, accordingly, actual future cash flows and operating results may differ materially from those projected. As a result, the Company’s assessment of the impairment of long-lived assets and recoverability of deferred tax assets is susceptible to the risk inherent in making such projections.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING CHANGES

Investments

Investments in Fixed Maturities include bonds, notes and redeemable preferred stocks. Investments in Fixed Maturities are classified as available for sale and reported at fair value. Net Investment Income, including amortization of purchased premiums and accretion of market discounts, on Investments in Fixed Maturities is recognized as interest over the period that it is earned using the effective yield method. Unrealized appreciation or depreciation, net of applicable deferred income taxes, on fixed maturities classified as available for sale is reported in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (“AOCI”) included in Shareholders’ Equity.

Equity investments include common stocks, non-redeemable preferred stocks, exchange traded funds, money market mutual funds and limited liability companies, and investment partnerships in which the Company’s interests are deemed minor. Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are recorded as Equity Securities at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are recorded as Equity Securities at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share practical expedient for estimating fair value. The changes in the fair value of such equity securities are reported as Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Dividend income on investments in common and non-redeemable preferred stocks is recognized on the ex-dividend date.

Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting whereby changes in net asset values are recorded in Net Investment Income in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Partnerships for which results are not available on a timely basis are reported on a lag.

Investments in Alternative Energy Partnerships are measured using the HLBV method of equity method accounting whereby changes in the estimated amount the Company would receive upon the liquidation and distribution of the equity investment’s net assets are recorded in Net Investment Income. Tax credits allocated from investments in Alternative Energy Partnerships are recognized using the flow-through method, where credits are recorded as a reduction to tax expense in the period earned. Differences in the basis calculated under tax law and GAAP are recognized using the income statement approach, where basis differences are recorded to Income Tax Expense (Benefit) immediately, rather than deferred as adjustments to the carrying value of the asset. Partnerships for which results are not available on a timely basis are reported on a lag.

Short-term Investments include certificates of deposit and other fixed maturities that mature within one year from the date of purchase, U.S. Treasury bills, money market mutual funds and overnight interest-bearing accounts. Short-term Investments are reported at cost, which approximates fair value.

Company-Owned Life Insurance (“COLI”) is reported at cash surrender value with changes due to cost of insurance and investment experience reported in Net Investment Income in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Loans to Policyholders are carried at unpaid principal balance.

Other Investments primarily include Equity Securities at Modified Cost, Convertible Securities at Fair Value, Real Estate, and Mortgage Loans. Equity Securities at Modified Cost do not have readily determinable fair values and are held at cost, less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Investments in Convertible Securities include fixed maturities with equity conversion features. The Company has elected the fair value option method of accounting for investments in Convertible Securities and records Convertible Securities at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Real Estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Real Estate is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset using the straight-line method of depreciation. Real Estate is evaluated for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment loss on real estate is recognized when the carrying value exceeds the sum of undiscounted projected future cash flows as well as the fair value, or, in the case of a property classified as held for sale, when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, net of costs to sell. Mortgage Loans are carried at amortized cost, net of a reserve for expected credit losses as applicable.

Investments in Fixed Maturities - Impairment Losses

For fixed maturity investments that the Company intends to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell before an anticipated recovery of value, the full amount of the impairment is reported in Impairment

Losses. The Company writes down the investment’s amortized cost to its fair value, and will not adjust for any subsequent recoveries.

For fixed maturity investments that the Company does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell before an anticipated recovery of value, the Company will evaluate whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis has occurred from a credit loss or other factors (non-credit related). Considerations in the credit loss assessment include (1) extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, (2) conditions related to the security, an industry, or a geographic area, (3) payment structure of the investment and the likelihood of the issuer's ability to make contractual cash flows, (4) defaults or other collectability concerns related to the issuer, (5) changes in the ratings assigned by a rating agency and (6) other credit enhancements that affect the investment’s expected performance.

Any increase or decrease in the expected allowance for credit losses related to investments is recognized in Impairment Losses. The expected allowance for credit losses is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis and is adjusted for any additional expected credit losses or subsequent recoveries. The amortized cost basis of the investment is not adjusted for the expected allowance for credit loss. The impairment related to other factors (non-credit related) is reported in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of income taxes.

The Company reports accrued investment income separately for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and has elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued investment income. Accrued investment income is written off through Impairment Losses at the time the issuer of the bond defaults or is expected to default on interest payments.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses a hierarchical framework which prioritizes and ranks the market observability of inputs used in fair value measurements. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of asset or liability and the characteristics specific to the asset or liability being measured. Assets and liabilities with readily available, active, quoted market prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally are deemed to have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value. The Company classifies the inputs used to measure fair value into one of three levels as follows:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, and model-derived prices whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable; and

•Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs for the asset or liability being measured.

Observable inputs are based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs are based on the Company’s market assumptions. Unobservable inputs require significant management judgment or estimation. In some cases, the inputs used to measure an asset or liability may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those cases, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level of input that is significant to the entire measurement. Such determination requires significant management judgment.

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

Costs directly associated with the successful acquisition of business, principally commissions and certain premium taxes and policy issuance costs, are deferred. Commissions for servicing policies are expensed as incurred, rather than deferred and amortized. Costs deferred on property and casualty insurance contracts and short-duration health insurance contracts are amortized over the period in which premiums are earned. Deferred costs on traditional life insurance products and other long duration insurance contracts are grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability. These deferred costs are amortized on a constant level basis for grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. The expected term of the contract used for amortization is determined using mortality and termination assumptions that are based on the Company’s experience, industry data, and other factors and are consistent with those used for the liability for future policyholder benefits. If those projected assumptions change in future periods, they will be reflected in the straight-line amortization horizon at that time. Unexpected terminations, due to higher mortality and termination experience than expected, are recognized in the current period as a reduction of the capitalized balances. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs is included in Insurance and Other Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Deferred Profit Liability

For limited-payment life products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). Gross premiums are measured using assumptions consistent with those used in the measurement of the liability for future policyholder benefits, including discount rate, mortality, lapses, and expenses.

The DPL is amortized and recognized as premium revenue in proportion to insurance in force for nonparticipating limited-payment contracts. Interest is accreted on the balance of the DPL using the discount rate determined at contract issuance. The Company reviews and updates its estimates of cash flows for the DPL at the same time as the estimates of cash flows for the liability for future policyholder benefits. When cash flows are updated, the updated estimates are used to recalculate the DPL at contract issuance. The recalculated DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period is compared to the carrying amount of the DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period, and any difference is recognized as either an increase or decrease to Earned Premiums.

Goodwill

The cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of net assets acquired is reported as Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for recoverability annually or when certain triggering events require testing.

Insurance Reserves

Reserves for losses and LAE on property and casualty insurance coverage and health insurance coverage represent the estimated claim cost and loss adjustment expense necessary to cover the ultimate net cost of investigating and settling all losses incurred and unpaid at the end of any given accounting period. Such estimates are based on individual case estimates for reported claims and estimates for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) losses, including expected development on reported claims. These estimates are adjusted in the aggregate for ultimate loss expectations based on historical experience patterns and current economic trends, with any change in the estimated ultimate liabilities being reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) in the period of change. Changes in such estimates may be material.

For life insurance products, the liability for future policyholder benefits is the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and certain related expenses, less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that include discount rate, mortality, lapses and expenses. These current assumptions are based on judgments that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors. The liability is adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. The Company reviews and updates its estimate of cash flows expected over the lifetime of a group of contracts using actual historical experience quarterly and current future cash flow assumptions at least annually to calculate its revised net premium ratio. The revised net premium ratios are then used to calculate an updated liability for future policyholder benefits for the current reporting period, discounted at the original contract issuance discount rate. The Company has elected to use expense assumptions that are locked in at contract inception and are not subsequently reviewed or updated. Resulting changes in the liability due to differences in actual versus expected experience, changes in current cash flow assumptions, and prefunding and payout of benefits compared to the carrying amount of the liability as of that same date are recorded as a separate component of benefit expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

When a cohort’s present value of future net premiums exceeds the present value of future benefits, a “flooring” adjustment is required. The flooring adjustment ensures that the liability for future policy benefits for each cohort is not less than zero, and is reported in Net Income (Loss) or Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), depending on whether the flooring relates to the future policy benefits discounted at the locked-in discount rate versus the current upper-medium grade discount rate, respectively.

The current discount rate assumption is an equivalent spot rate curve of annually compounded rates at monthly increments that is derived based on A-credit rated fixed-income instruments reflecting the duration characteristics of the liability. The Company utilizes published corporate yield curves from Bloomberg’s BVAL Investment Grade Corporate Sector curve. The discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the maximum observable point on the yield curve, the yield grades to an ultimate forward rate.

Insurance Reserves for life insurance products are comprised of reserves for future policy benefits plus an estimate of the Company’s liability for unpaid life insurance claims and claims adjustment expenses, which includes an estimate for IBNR life insurance claims. The Company utilizes the database of reported deaths maintained by the Social Security Administration or other comparable database (a “Death master File” or “DMF”) to identify potential situations where the Company has yet to be notified of an insured’s death and, as appropriate, initiating an outreach process to identify and contact beneficiaries and settle claims.

Policyholder Obligations

Policyholder Obligations include Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) funding agreements used for spread lending purposes and universal life-type policyholder contracts and are stated at account balances.

Receivables from Policyholders - Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the receivables from policyholders based on the net amount expected to be collected on the insurance contract. Receivables from policyholders are charged off against the allowance when management believes the receivable is uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.

Management estimates the allowance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience on the receivables from policyholders provide the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current environmental conditions, primarily unemployment rates that could impact an insured’s ability to pay premiums.

Other Receivables

Other Receivables primarily include reinsurance recoverables, accrued investment income, and receivables from limited liability investments and investments in partnerships. Reinsurance Recoverables were $24.3 million and $27.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accrued Investment Income was $81.9 million and $88.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Receivables from limited liability investments and investments in partnerships were $0.3 million and $0.0 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Other Assets

Other Assets primarily include property and equipment, internal use software, right-of-use assets, insurance licenses acquired in business combinations, other intangible assets acquired in a business combination and prepaid expenses. Property and equipment is depreciated over the useful lives of the assets, generally using the straight-line or double declining balance methods of depreciation depending on the asset involved. Internal use software is amortized over the useful life of the asset using the straight-line method of amortization and is evaluated for recoverability upon identification of impairment indications. Insurance licenses acquired in business combinations and other indefinite life intangibles are not amortized, but rather tested periodically for recoverability.

The Company accounts for the value of business acquired (“VOBA”) based on actuarial estimates of the present value of future cash flows embedded in insurance in force as of an acquisition date. VOBA was $12.1 million and $13.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. VOBA is amortized over the expected profit emergence period of the policies in force as of the acquisition date. The Company evaluates VOBA assets for recoverability annually.

The Company accounts for the future profits embedded in customer relationships (“Customer Relationships”) acquired based on the present value of estimated future cash flows from such relationships. Customer Relationships were $1.5 million and $1.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the relationship. Customer Relationships are tested for recoverability using undiscounted projections of future cash flows and are written down to estimated fair value if the carrying value exceeds the sum of such projections of undiscounted cash flows.

The Company accounts for the present value of the future profits embedded in broker or agent relationships acquired (“Agent Relationships”) based on the present value of estimated future cash flows from such acquired relationships or, using the cost recovery method, which estimates the ultimate cost to build a comparable distribution network. Agent Relationships were $37.7 million and $43.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the relationship. Agent Relationships are tested for recoverability using undiscounted projections of future cash flows and are written down to estimated fair value if the carrying value exceeds the sum of such projections of undiscounted cash flows.

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities primarily include drafts payable, accrued salaries and commissions, postretirement medical benefits, lease liability and accrued taxes, licenses and fees.

Recognition of Earned Premiums and Related Expenses

Property and casualty insurance and short-duration health insurance premiums are deferred when written and recognized and earned ratably over the periods to which the premiums relate. Unearned Premiums represent the portion of the premiums written related to the unexpired portion of policies in force which has been deferred and is reported as a liability. The Company performs a premium deficiency analysis typically at a business level, namely Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance and Non-Core Operations, which is consistent with the manner in which the Company acquires and services policies and measures profitability. Anticipated investment income is included in this analysis. A premium deficiency is recognized when the sum of expected claim costs, claim adjustment expenses, unamortized deferred policy acquisition costs and maintenance costs exceeds the related unearned premiums by first reducing related deferred policy acquisition costs to an amount, but not below zero, at which the premium deficiency would not exist. If a premium deficiency remains after first reducing deferred policy acquisition costs, a premium deficiency reserve is established and reported as a liability in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Traditional life insurance premiums are recognized as revenue when due. Policyholders’ benefits are associated with related premiums to result in recognition of profits over the periods for which the benefits are provided using the net level premium method.

Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses include provisions for future policy benefits under life and certain accident and health insurance contracts and provisions for reported claims, estimates for IBNR claims and loss adjustment expenses. Benefit payments in excess of policy account balances are expensed.

In the normal course of business, Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries reinsure certain risks above certain retention levels with other insurance enterprises. These reinsurance agreements do not relieve Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries of their legal obligations to the policyholder. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are included in Other Receivables.

Gains related to long-duration reinsurance contracts are deferred and amortized over the life of the underlying reinsured policies. Losses related to long-duration reinsurance contracts are recognized immediately. Any gain or loss associated with reinsurance agreements for which Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries have been legally relieved of their obligations to the policyholder is recognized in the period of relief.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance, if any, is maintained for the portion of deferred income tax assets that the Company does not expect to recover. Increases, if any, in the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets are recognized as Income Tax Expense (Benefit). Decreases, if any, in the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets are generally recognized as income tax benefit. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax law including a change in tax rates is recognized in income from operations in the period in which the change is enacted.

The Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, if any, resulting from uncertain tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, in an income tax return, if any. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income Tax Expense (Benefit).

Variable Interest Entities

A VIE is a legal entity that does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or is structured such that equity investors lack the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity's operations through voting rights or do not substantively participate in the gains and losses of the entity. The Company consolidates VIEs in which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect that entity's economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIE.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interest is the portion of equity (net assets) not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. The Company has no ownership interest in Kemper Reciprocal, but consolidates it as the Company is considered the primary beneficiary.

Adoption of New Accounting Guidance

The Company has adopted all recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates prior to January 1, 2025.

Guidance Adopted in 2024

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02 Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, which expands the use of the proportional amortization method of accounting to equity investments in other tax credit structures that meet certain criteria. The proportional amortization method results in the tax credit investment being amortized in proportion to the allocation of tax credits and other tax benefits in each period, and a net presentation within the income tax line item. ASU 2023-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2024. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which enhances disclosures about significant segment expenses. The new standard does not change the definition or aggregation of operating segments but will add required disclosures of significant expenses for each reportable segment as well as certain other disclosures to help financial statement users understand how the chief operating decision maker evaluates segment expenses and operating results. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this ASU and has included all required information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Guidance Not Yet Adopted

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This ASU amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. For SEC registrants, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company will monitor the removal of various requirements from the current regulations in order to determine when to adopt the related amendments, but does not anticipate the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring companies to use consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the tax rate reconciliation as well as requiring disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted a final rule requiring registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. The rule requires the disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information, with certain information, such as financial statement effects of severe weather events, included in the notes to the audited financial statements. Other disclosure requirements include material climate-related risks, processes to manage and govern those risks, disclosure of targets if the targets materially affect or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, and, if material, disclosure of certain greenhouse gas emissions. On April 4, 2024, the SEC issued a voluntary stay of the final rule, pending the outcome of pending litigation. The requirements will be applied prospectively and have phased-in effective dates. For the Company, the Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025, will be the first annual report with new climate-related disclosures. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the final rule.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires companies to disclose, within the financial statement footnotes, the amount of inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities that contribute to each income statement expense line item, as well as the amount of selling expenses incurred during each reporting period. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER UNRESTRICTED SHARE

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of Basic Net Income (Loss) Per Unrestricted Share and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Unrestricted Share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

The number of shares of Kemper common stock that were excluded from the calculations of Equity-based Compensation Equivalent Shares and Weighted-average Unrestricted Shares and Equivalent Shares Outstanding Assuming Dilution because the effect of inclusion would be anti-dilutive was 1.4 million,3.6 million, and 2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 4. DISPOSITIONS

Disposition of Reserve National Insurance Company

In July 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell Reserve National Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Reserve National”) to Medical Mutual of Ohio for approximately $90.0 million in total consideration. The sale closed on December 1, 2022 and a loss of $1.6 million, net of income tax, was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company reported Reserve National’s results of operations in the Life Insurance segment through December 1, 2022.

NOTE 4. DISPOSITIONS (Continued)

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities included in the sale on December 1, 2022:

NOTE 5. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The Company is engaged, through its subsidiaries, in the property and casualty insurance and life and health insurance businesses. The Company conducts its operations throughtwo operating segments: Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance, and Life Insurance.

The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s principal products are specialty personal automobile and commercial automobile insurance. These products are distributed primarily through independent agents and brokers. The Life Insurance segment’s principal products are individual life, accident, supplemental health and property insurance. Career agents employed by the Company distribute these products. Corporate and Other operations include interest expense, board of directors’ fees, and general corporate expenses incurred by the Company which are not allocated to other businesses. Non-Core Operations includes the results of our Preferred Insurance business which the Company expects to fully exit.

Segment Adjusted Net Operating Income (Loss)

The Company analyzes the operating performance of each segment using segment adjusted net operating income (loss). Segment adjusted net operating income (loss) does not equate to “net income (loss)” as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP but is the measure of segment profit or loss used by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), our President and CEO, to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources, and consistent with authoritative guidance, is the measure of segment performance presented below. Segment adjusted net operating income (loss) is calculated by adjusting each segment’s income (loss) after income taxes for the following items:

(i) Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities;

(ii) Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses);

(iii) Impairment Losses;

(iv) Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs;

(v) Debt Extinguishment, Pension Settlement and Other Charges;

(vi) Goodwill Impairment Charge;

(vii) Non-Core Operations; and

(viii) Significant non-recurring or infrequent items that may not be indicative of ongoing operations

These items are important to an understanding of overall results of operations. Segment adjusted net operating income (loss) is not a substitute for income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and the Company’s definition of segment adjusted net operating income (loss) may differ from that used by other companies. The Company, however, believes that the presentation of segment adjusted net operating income (loss), as measured for management purposes, enhances the understanding of results of operations by highlighting the underlying profitability factors of its businesses.

The Company’s earned premiums are derived in the United States. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Capital expenditures for long-lived assets by operating segment are immaterial.

It is the Company’s management practice to allocate certain corporate expenses, primarily compensation costs for corporate employees and related facility costs, included in Insurance and Other Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) to its insurance operations. Expenses are allocated based upon specific metrics associated with each business, including but not limited to claim counts, headcount, and budgeted premium. The Company does not allocate (Loss) Income from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities, Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Impairment Losses, Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs, Debt Extinguishment, Pension Settlement and Other Charges, Goodwill Impairment Charge, Non-Core Operations, and Significant non-recurring or infrequent items that may not be indicative of ongoing operationsto its operating segments.

Total Segment, Non-Core Operations, and Corporate and Other assets at December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were:

Earned Premiums by product line for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

Segment Revenues, including a reconciliation to Total Revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

Significant Segment Expenses that were regularly provided to the CODM for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Income (Loss), including a reconciliation to Net Income (Loss) attributable to Kemper Corporation, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was:

NOTE 6. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE RESERVES

The Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves are reported using the Company’s estimate of its ultimate liability for losses and LAE for claims that occurred prior to the end of any given accounting period but have not yet been paid. Such estimates are based on individual case estimates for reported claims and estimates for IBNR losses, including expected development on reported claims. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves are recorded net of any expected salvage and subrogation recoveries.

The determination of individual case reserves differs by line of business. For personal automobile insurance and commercial automobile insurance, case reserves are set primarily using statistical reserves that are based on studies of historical average paid amounts by state, coverage and product. However, when such reserves exceed certain thresholds they are set manually by adjusters. For preferred homeowners insurance and other personal insurance, case reserves are set by adjusters and are based on the adjusters’ estimates of the amount for which the claims will ultimately be paid.

The Company’s actuaries estimate ultimate losses and LAE and, therefore, reserves at least quarterly for most product lines and/or coverage levels using accident quarters or years spanning 10 or more years, depending on the size of the product line and/or coverage level or emerging issues relating to them. The Company’s actuaries use a variety of generally accepted actuarial loss reserving estimation methodologies to estimate the ultimate losses and LAE for the current accident quarter or year and re-estimate the ultimate losses and LAE for previous accident quarters or years to determine if changes in the previous estimates of the ultimate losses and LAE are indicated by the most recent data.

The key assumption in these estimation methodologies is that patterns observed in prior periods are indicative of how losses and LAE are expected to develop in the future and that such historical data can be used to predict and estimate ultimate losses and LAE. However, changes in the Company’s business processes, by their very nature, are likely to affect the development patterns, which generally results in the historical development factors becoming less reliable over time in predicting how losses and LAE will ultimately develop. The Company’s actuaries use professional judgment in determining how much weight to place on the development patterns based on the older historical data and how much weight to place on the development patterns based on more recent data. In some cases, the Company’s actuaries make adjustments to the loss reserving estimation methodologies to estimate ultimate losses and LAE. The Company’s actuaries’ quarterly or yearly selections are summed by product and/or coverage levels to create the actuarial indication of the ultimate losses and LAE. Paid amounts are then subtracted from the ultimates to compute the reserves for property and casualty insurance losses and LAE. These results are reviewed by the Company’s actuaries and corporate management who apply their collective judgment and determine the appropriate estimated level of reserves to record. Numerous factors are considered in this determination process, including, but not limited to, the assessed reliability of key loss trends and assumptions that may be significantly influencing the current actuarial indications, changes in claim handling practices or other changes that affect the timing of payment or development patterns, changes in the mix of business, the maturity of the accident year, pertinent trends observed over the recent past, the level of volatility within a particular line of business, the improvement or deterioration of actuarial indications in the current period as compared to prior periods, and the amount of reserves related to third party pools for which the Company has limited access to the underlying data and, accordingly, relies on calculations provided by such pools. The Company’s goal is to ensure that its total reserves for property and casualty insurance losses and LAE are adequate to cover all costs, while sustaining minimal variation from the time reserves for losses and LAE are initially estimated until losses and LAE are fully developed. Changes in the Company’s estimates of these losses and LAE over time, also referred to as “development,” will occur and may be material.

The following tables contain information about incurred and paid claims development as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, net of reinsurance and indemnification, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of IBNR liabilities, including expected development on reported claims included within the net incurred losses and allocated LAE amounts. The tables are grouped by major product line and, if relevant, coverage. The information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2020 through 2023 is presented as supplementary information and is unaudited.

Specialty Personal Automobile Insurance—Liability 1

1 Tables retrospectively include American Access Casualty Company’s (“AAC”) historical incurred and paid accident year claim information for all periods presented.

Specialty Personal Automobile Insurance—Physical Damage 1

1 Tables retrospectively include AAC’s historical incurred and paid accident year claim information for all periods presented.

Commercial Automobile Insurance—Liability

Commercial Automobile Insurance—Physical Damage

Non-Core Personal Automobile Insurance—Liability

Non-Core Personal Automobile Insurance—Physical Damage

Non-Core Homeowners Insurance

The claim counts in the preceding tables are cumulative reported claim counts as of December 31, 2024 and are equal to the sum of cumulative open and cumulative closed claims, including claims closed without payment. Certain product lines, particularly the Company’s specialty personal automobile insurance, tend to have a higher percentage of claims closed without payment.

The Company's claims associated with automobile insurance are counted at the feature level. As such, each claimant and each coverage is counted separately. For example, if for one occurrence, the Company's policyholder is at fault for damage to his/her own vehicle, another party's vehicle and three injured parties, there may be five features—three for bodily injury liability, one for property damage liability and one for first-party collision coverage. There may also be another feature for first-party medical payments.

The following table reconciles the net incurred and paid claims development tables presented above to the Company's liability for Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024.

The following is supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2024.

Property and Casualty Insurance Reserve activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was:

Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves are estimated based on historical experience patterns and current economic trends. Actual loss experience and loss trends may differ from these historical experience patterns and economic conditions. Loss experience and loss trends emerge over several years from the dates of loss inception. The Company monitors such emerging loss trends on a quarterly basis. Changes in such estimates are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) in the period of change. Additionally, the Company reviews if any premium revisions are appropriate as a result of any incurred losses and LAE related to prior years recorded in the current period. For the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, no additional premiums or return premiums were recorded.

In 2024, the Company incurred $22.6 million of adverse reserve development on prior accident years which was primarily attributable to increased claim severity on homeowners, umbrella, and bodily injury coverages within Non-Core Operations. Additionally, the Company experienced adverse development of $7.2 million on its Commercial Automobile business within the Specialty Property and Casualty Insurance segment, driven by higher than expected loss emergence on bodily injury coverages.

In 2023, the Company recognized $108.7 million of unfavorable development within the Specialty Personal Automobile product line, primarily driven by Florida personal injury protection experiencing increased frequency and severity resulting from more litigated claim activity, as well as adverse development from bodily injury and property damage coverages. In addition, the Company experienced $24.2 million and $24.8 million of adverse development on the Commercial Automobile product and Non-Core Operations business, respectively, which was primarily attributable to higher than expected emergence on prior accident years within the bodily injury and physical damage coverages.

In 2022, the Company experienced $14.6 million of favorable prior year development primarily from the Specialty Personal Automobile product line, which developed favorably by $17.6 million due primarily to more favorable loss patterns for liability and physical damage coverages. This development was partially offset by adverse development on the Commercial Automobile product of $3.6 million as a result of less favorable emergence on liability coverages.

The Company cannot predict whether loss and LAE reserves will develop favorably or unfavorably from the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes that any such development will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, but could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial results for a given period.

Reinsurance recoverables on property and casualty insurance reserves were $24.3 million and $27.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These recoverables are concentrated with several reinsurers, the majority of which are highly rated by one or more of the principal investor and/or insurance company rating agencies. While most of these recoverables were unsecured at December 31, 2024 and 2023, the agreements with the reinsurers generally provide for some form of collateralization upon the occurrence of certain events.

NOTE 7. LIABILITY FOR FUTURE POLICYHOLDER BENEFITS

The Company’s Life Insurance Reserves are reported using the Company’s estimate of its liability for future policyholder benefits.

The liability for future policyholder benefits is grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability. Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the liability for future policyholder benefits include mortality, lapses, and discount rates (both accretion and current). The Company’s actuaries review assumptions used to measure the liability for future policyholder benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited pay long-duration contracts at least annually. If there is a change, assumptions are updated with the recognition and remeasurement recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The Company’s actuaries use a variety of generally accepted actuarial methodologies, in accordance with Actuarial Standards of Practice, in determining the assumptions.

A key assumption in these estimation methodologies is that patterns observed in prior periods are indicative of how policyholder benefits are expected to develop in the future and that such historical data can be used to predict and estimate future losses. However, changes in the Company’s business processes and the macroeconomic environment, by their very nature, are likely to affect the actual to expected experience which generally results in the historical experience factors becoming less reliable over time in predicting how cash flows will ultimately develop. The Company’s actuaries use professional judgment in determining how much weight to place on the actual to expected experience based on the older historical data and how much weight to place on more recent experience data. In some cases, the Company’s actuaries make adjustments to the assumptions to estimate losses. These assumptions are reviewed by the Company’s actuaries and corporate management who apply their collective judgment and determine the appropriate assumptions to adopt for the underlying business. Numerous factors are considered in this determination process, including, but not limited to, the assessed reliability of key assumptions that may be significantly influencing the current actuarial indications, changes in pricing and product offerings, changes in customer base, changes in agency operations or other changes that affect the timing of payments, the policyholder behaviors observed over the recent past, the level of volatility within a particular line of business, and the improvement or deterioration of actuarial indications in the current period as compared to prior periods. Changes in the Company’s assumptions underlying these liabilities over time will occur and may be material.

NOTE 7. LIABILITY FOR FUTURE POLICYHOLDER BENEFITS (Continued)

The following tables summarize balances and changes in the present value of expected net premiums, present value of expected future policyholder benefits and net liability for future policyholder benefits as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The weighted-average liability duration of the liability for future policyholder benefits as calculated under current rates is as follows:

NOTE 7. LIABILITY FOR FUTURE POLICYHOLDER BENEFITS (Continued)

The reconciliation of the net liability for future policyholder benefits to Life and Health Insurance Reserves in the Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

1 Other primarily consists of Accident and Health and Universal Life reserves

The amounts of expected undiscounted future benefit payments, expected undiscounted future gross premiums and expected discounted future gross premiums, is as follows:

The amount of revenue and interest recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) is as follows:

The weighted-average interest rate is as follows:

Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the liability for future policyholder benefits include mortality, lapses, and discount rates (both accretion and current). The Company reviewed and updated mortality and lapse assumptions during the fourth quarter of 2024. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated as of December 31, 2024.

The balances of and changes in Deferred Profit Liability as of and for the years indicated below are as follows:

NOTE 8. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS

The following table presents the balances and changes in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs for the Specialty Property and Casualty Insurance segment, Life Insurance segment, and Non-Core Operations business for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

Costs directly associated with the successful acquisition of business, principally commissions and certain premium taxes and policy issuance costs, are deferred. Costs deferred on property and casualty insurance contracts are amortized over the period in which premiums are earned. Costs deferred on traditional life insurance products and other long-duration insurance contracts are amortized on a constant level basis over the expected life of the contracts in accordance with the assumptions used to estimate the liability for future policyholder benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts. The underlying assumptions for deferred policy acquisition costs and the liability for future policyholder benefits are updated concurrently.

The Company made changes to future assumptions in the fourth quarter for the Life and Health business for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

NOTE 9 -RECEIVABLES FROM POLICYHOLDERS - ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES

The following tables present the balances of Receivables from Policyholders, net of the allowance for expected credit losses, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and a roll forward of changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

NOTE 9 - RECEIVABLES FROM POLICYHOLDERS - ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

NOTE 10. INSURANCE AND OTHER EXPENSES

Insurance and Other Expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

NOTE 11. INVESTMENTS

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2024 were:

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2023 were:

Other Receivables included $1.8 million and $0.9 million of unsettled sales of Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. There were $11.6 million of unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities as of December 31, 2024. There wereno unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities as of December 31, 2023.

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2024 by contractual maturity were:

The expected maturities of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Investments in Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date at December 31, 2024 consisted of securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $207.0 million, securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $99.5 million, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $76.3 million and securities of other non-governmental issuers with a fair value of $1,154.5 million.

An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2024 is presented below.

The Company regularly reviews its fixed maturity investment portfolio for factors that may indicate that a decline in fair value of an investment has resulted from an expected credit loss. The portions of the declines in the fair values of fixed maturity investments that are determined to be due to expected credit losses are reported as losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) in the periods when such determinations are made.

Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $875.3 million and below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $14.2 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2024. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was 4.9% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.

An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2023 is presented below.

Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $704.8 million and below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $25.5 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2023. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 8.8% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have the intent to sell these investments, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these investments before an anticipated recovery of value. The Company evaluated these investments for credit losses at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company considers many factors in evaluating whether the unrealized losses were credit related including, but not limited to, the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, conditions related to the security, industry, or geographic area, payment structure of the investment and the likelihood of the issuer’s ability to make contractual cashflows, defaults or other collectability concerns related to the issuer, changes in the ratings assigned by a rating agency, and other credit enhancements that affect the investment’s expected performance. The Company determined that the unrealized losses on these securities were due to non-credit related factors at the evaluation date.

Fixed Maturities - Expected Credit Losses

The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for the year ended December 31, 2024. Accrued interest excluded from the amortized cost of fixed income securities total $70.9 million and $77.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is reported within the Other Receivables line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company monitors accrued interest and writes off amounts when they are deemed uncollectible.

The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Equity Securities at Fair Value

Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value were $218.5 million and $225.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net unrealized (losses) gains arising during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and recognized in earnings, related to such investments still held as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $(5.1) million and $3.0 million, respectively.

There wereno unsettled purchases of Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. There was $0.3 million and $0.1 million in unsettled sales of Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Equity Method Limited Liability Investments

Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investments in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the investment entity.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at December 31, 2024 is limited to the total carrying value of $186.3 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $91.3 million to fund Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024,3.1% of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments were reported without a reporting lag,4.1% of the total carrying value were reported with a one-month lag, and the remainder were reported with a greater than a one-month but less than or equal to three-month lag.

There wereno unsettled purchases of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments as of December 31, 2024 or 2023. There wereno unsettled sales of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments as of December 31, 2024 or 2023. Unsettled purchases and sales of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are carried within the Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities and Other Receivables, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Alternative Energy Partnership Investments

Alternative Energy Partnership Investments include partnerships formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers for a fixed period of time. The HLBV equity method of accounting is used for the Company’s investments in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at December 31, 2024 is limited to the total carrying value of $17.6 million. The Company has no outstanding commitments to fund Alternative Energy Partnership Investments as of December 31, 2024. Alternative Energy Partnership Investments are reported on a three month lag.

Company-Owned Life Insurance

The carrying values of the Company’s COLI investment at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $539.2 million and $513.5 million, respectively.

Loans to Policyholders

Loans to Policyholders represents funds loaned to policyholders up to the cash surrender value of the associated insurance policies and are carried at the unpaid principal balances due to the Company from the policyholders. Interest income on policy

loans is recognized in Net Investment Income at the contract interest rate when earned. Policy loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the associated insurance policies.

The carrying values of the Company’s Loans to Policyholders at unpaid principal investment at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $280.7 million and $281.2 million, respectively.

Other Investments

The carrying values of the Company’s Other Investments at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were:

Investments in Equity Securities at Modified Cost were $22.5 million and $32.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company performs a qualitative impairment analysis on a quarterly basis consisting of various factors such as earnings performance, current market conditions, changes in credit ratings, changes in the regulatory environment and other factors. If the qualitative analysis identifies the presence of impairment indicators, the Company estimates the fair value of the investment. If the estimated fair value is below the carrying value, the Company records an impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. When the Company identifies observable transactions of the same or similar securities to those held by the Company, the Company increases or decreases the carrying value to the observable transaction price. The Company did not recognize any changes in carrying value due to observable transactions for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company recognized an impairment of $0.4 million and $0.5 million on Equity Securities at Modified Cost for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as a result of the Company’s impairment analysis. No impairments were recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022 on Equity Securities at Modified Cost. The Company recognized no cumulative increases or decreases in the carrying value due to observable transactions and $3.2 million of cumulative impairments on Equity Securities at Modified Cost held as of December 31, 2024. The Company recognized no cumulative increases or decreases in the carrying value due to observable transactions and $8.0 million of cumulative impairments on Equity Securities at Modified Cost held as of December 31, 2023.

NOTE 12. INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS

Net Investment Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was:

Other Receivables includes accrued investment income of $81.9 million and $88.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 12. INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS (Continued)

The components of Net Realized Gains (Losses) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

The components of Impairment Losses reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

IIncludes losses from intent-to-sell securities of $3.3 million, $2.0 million and $23.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 13. DERIVATIVES

The Company’s earnings, cash flows, and financial position are subject to fluctuations due to changes in prevailing interest rates.

The Company entered into derivative agreements with maturity dates throughout 2024. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are presented within Other Investments and those in a loss position are included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities. Changes in the fair values of derivatives are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) within Net Realized Investment Gains or Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss along with the corresponding change in the designated hedge assets.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s debt securities valuations utilize the Treasury designated benchmark rate, exposing the Company to variability due to changes in interest rates.

Ultra-Long Treasury Futures

The Company enters into exchange-traded ultra-long Treasury futures (“Treasury Futures”) in order to manage exposure to upcoming changes in the benchmark (Treasury) interest rate of forecasted transactions. These derivatives expire quarterly. As of December 31, 2024, all Treasury Futures held by the Company qualified for hedge accounting as a cash flow hedge. The

NOTE 13. DERIVATIVES (Continued)

Company utilizes a rollover hedging strategy that involves continuously establishing short-term derivatives in consecutive contract months to hedge the underlying risk exposure. Under this strategy, the complete set of derivatives are not acquired at hedge inception; rather, short-term derivatives are acquired throughout the hedging period such that maturing derivatives are replaced with new short-term derivatives.

There were treasury futures that expired during the year ended December 31, 2024, that did not qualify for hedge accounting.

Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives

The following table presents the Company’s Ultra-Long Treasury Futures derivatives, primary underlying risk exposure, gross notional amount, and estimated fair value of these derivatives:

The below table reflects the amounts of Gains (Losses) deferred into AOCI before taxes, net changes in amounts in AOCI associated with current hedging transactions, and amounts subsequently reclassified into Net Income (Loss) through Net Investment Income for Ultra-Long Treasury Futures qualifying as cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Treasury Locks

During the fourth quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2022, in anticipation of debt issuances shortly thereafter and for risk management purposes, the Company entered into derivative transactions (the “2016 Treasury Lock” and “2022 Treasury Lock,” together the “Treasury Locks”) to hedge the risk of changes in the debt cash flows attributable to changes in the benchmark U.S. Treasury interest rate during the period leading up to the debt issuance. The Treasury Locks have no remaining gross notional amount or fair value as the hedging relationships have been previously discontinued with the issuance of the associated debt (Senior Notes due February 15, 2025 for the 2016 Treasury Lock and Senior Notes due February 23, 2032 for the 2022 Treasury Lock). The effective portion of the gain (loss) before taxes on the derivative instruments upon discontinuance was $(4.5) million for the 2016 Treasury Lock and $5.9 million on the 2022 Treasury Lock. The gain (loss) upon discontinuance is reported as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. Beginning with the issuance of the associated debt, such gain (loss) is amortized into earnings and reported in Interest Expense in the same periods that the hedged items affect earnings. Amortization on the 2016 Treasury Lock was $(1.5) million and $(0.5) million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization on the 2022 Treasury Lock was $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the remaining amount of derivative gain (loss) before taxes within AOCI to be amortized into earnings is $(0.1) million and $4.2 million on the 2016 Treasury Lock and 2022 Treasury Lock, respectively.

NOTE 14. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company is responsible for the determination of fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including the supporting assumptions and methodologies, and uses independent third-party valuation service providers, broker quotes and internal pricing methodologies to determine fair values. The Company obtains or estimates only one single quote or price for each financial instrument. The Company uses a hierarchical framework for inputs to determine fair value which prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Additionally, the Company categorizes fair value measurements based on the lowest level of input that is considered to be significant to the entire measurement.

The Company classifies its Investments in Fixed Maturities as available-for-sale and reports these investments at fair value. The Company reports equity investments with readily determinable fair values as Equity Securities at Fair Value. Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient are not required to be classified using the fair value hierarchy, but are presented in the following two tables to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 is summarized below.

The valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 is summarized below. The Company had no material liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value.

The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 1 primarily consist of U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value that are classified as Level 1 consist of either investments in publicly-traded common stocks or exchange traded funds. The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of investments in corporate bonds, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized loan obligations, and mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government agencies. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of investments in preferred stocks. The Company’s Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedges that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of hedges to manage exposure to upcoming changes in the benchmark (Treasury) interest rate of forecasted transactions. The Company uses a leading, nationally recognized provider of market data and analytics to price the vast majority of the Company’s Level 2 measurements. The provider utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. Because many fixed maturity securities do not trade on a daily basis, the provider’s evaluated pricing applications apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing to prepare evaluations. In addition, the provider uses model processes to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios. The pricing provider’s models and processes also take into account market convention. For each asset class, teams of its evaluators gather information from market sources and integrate relevant credit information, perceived market movements and sector news into the evaluated pricing applications and models. The Company generally validates the measurements obtained from its primary pricing provider by comparing them with measurements obtained from one additional pricing provider that provides either prices from recent market transactions, quotes in inactive markets or evaluations based on its own proprietary models.

The Company investigates significant differences related to the values provided. On completion of its investigation, management exercises judgment to determine the price selected and whether adjustments, if any, to the price obtained from the Company’s primary pricing provider would warrant classification of the price as Level 3. In instances where a measurement cannot be obtained from either pricing provider, the Company generally will evaluate bid prices from one or more binding quotes obtained from market makers to value investments in inactive markets and classified by the Company as Level 2. The Company generally classifies securities when it receives non-binding quotes or indications as Level 3 securities unless the Company can validate the quote or indication against recent transactions in the market.

The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments classified as Level 3 at December 31, 2024. Valuations for assets presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to the Company. The weighted average yield is calculated based on fair value.

The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments classified as Level 3 at December 31, 2023. Valuations for assets presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to the Company. The weighted average yield is calculated based on fair value.

For an investment in a fixed maturity security, an increase in the yield used to determine the fair value of the security will decrease the fair value of the security. A decrease in the yield used to determine fair value will increase the fair value of the security, but for callable securities the fair value increase is generally limited to par, unless security is currently callable at a premium.

Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below.

The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs.

Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.

The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due primarily to changes in the availability of market observable inputs.

The table below shows investments reported at fair value using NAV and their unfunded commitments by asset class as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The fund investments included above (excluding Hedge Funds) are not redeemable, because distributions from the funds will be received when underlying investments of the funds are liquidated. The funds are generally expected to have approximately 10 year lives at their inception, but these lives may be extended at the fund manager’s discretion, typically in one or two-year increments.

The hedge fund investments included above, which are carried at fair value, are generally redeemable subject to the redemption notices period. The majority of the hedge fund investments are redeemable monthly or quarterly.

The following table includes information related to the Company’s investments in certain private equity funds or hedge funds that calculate a net asset value per share:

Presented below are the carrying values and fair value estimates of financial instruments not carried at fair value.

Loans to policyholders are carried at unpaid principal balance which approximates fair value and are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The nature of policy loans is to have a negligible default risk as the loans are fully collateralized by the value of the policy. Policy loans do not have a stated maturity and the balances and accrued interest are repaid either by the policyholder or with proceeds from the policy. Due to the collateralized nature of policy loans and unpredictable timing of payments, the Company believes the carrying value of policy loans approximates fair value. The fair value measurement of Short-term Investments is estimated using inputs that are considered either Level 1 or Level 2 measurements. The Mortgage Loans fair value measurement is considered equal to amortized cost given the short-term nature of the investments. The fair value measurement of Equity Securities at Modified Cost is estimated using inputs that are considered Level 3 measurements. The cash surrender value of Company-Owned Life Insurance approximates fair value and is considered to be a Level 2 investment. The fair value of Long-term Debt is estimated using quoted prices from brokers and dealers for similar liabilities in markets that are not active. The inputs used in the valuation are considered Level 2 measurements. Policyholder Obligations presented in the preceding table consist of advances from the FHLB of Chicago, and the inputs used in the valuation are considered Level 2 measurements.

NOTE 15. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill balances by business segment at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were:

The Company tests goodwill for recoverability at the reporting unit level on an annual basis, or whenever events or circumstances indicate the fair value of a reporting unit may have declined below its carrying value. The Company performed a qualitative goodwill impairment assessment for all reporting units with goodwill as of October 1, 2024. The qualitative assessment takes into consideration changes in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, changes in management or key personnel, changes in strategy, events impacting reporting units, and changes in Kemper’s stock price since the last quantitative assessment, which was performed on October 1, 2022. Based on its qualitative assessment, the Company concluded that the associated goodwill was recoverable for each reporting unit.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company identified impairment indicators impacting the fair value of the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance business in connection with ongoing evaluation of strategic alternatives for the Preferred Insurance business. As a result, the business’s fair value was determined using a combination of available market information, market comparisons and a discounted cash flow valuation method based on the present value of future earnings. The fair value calculated in the second quarter of 2023 was lower than the carrying value of the business, resulting in a pre-tax impairment charge of $49.6 million and an after-tax impairment charge of $45.5 million. A substantial portion of the goodwill that was impaired was not tax deductible. The goodwill impairment charge is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2023, with a corresponding reduction to goodwill in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023.

In 2022, Kemper completed the sale of Reserve National to Medical Mutual of Ohio. As a result of the sale, goodwill attributed to Reserve National was separately tested for recoverability and the Company incurred goodwill impairment of $11.4 million. The remaining $0.3 million of goodwill attributable to Reserve National was derecognized at the time of the sale. See Note 4, “Dispositions”, for more information.

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of definite and indefinite life intangible assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were:

NOTE 15. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

The Company records intangible assets acquired in business combinations and certain costs incurred developing and customizing internal-use software within Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Definite life intangible assets are amortized over the estimated profit emergence period or estimated useful life of the asset. Indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized, but rather tested annually for impairment. In 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized the following amortization expense on definite life intangible assets:

The amount of amortization expense expected to be recorded in the next five years for definite life intangible assets is as follows:

NOTE 16. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

A VIE is a legal entity that does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or is structured such that equity investors lack the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity's operations through voting rights or do not substantively participate in the gains and losses of the entity. The Company consolidates VIEs in which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect that entity's economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIE.

Reciprocal Exchange

The Company formed a management company that acts as attorney-in-fact (“AIF”) for Kemper Reciprocal (the “Reciprocal Exchange” or “Exchange”), an Illinois-domiciled reciprocal insurance exchange. The Exchange principally writes specialty personal automobile policies sold to subscribers of the Exchange. The establishment of Kemper Reciprocal was completed in the third quarter of 2023.

The Company consolidates the Exchange since (1) the AIF manages the business operations of the Exchange and therefore has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the Exchange and (2) the Company has provided capital to the Exchange and would absorb any expected losses that could potentially be significant to the Exchange. The Exchange’s anticipated economic performance is the product of its underwriting and investment results. The AIF receives a management fee for the services provided to the Reciprocal Exchange. The management fee revenues are based upon all premiums written or assumed by the Exchange. The AIF determines the management fee rate to be paid by the Exchange. The AIF can charge a management fee of up to 30% of the Exchange’s gross written and assumed premiums.

The assets of the Reciprocal Exchange can be used only to settle the obligations of the Reciprocal Exchange for which creditors and other beneficial owners have no recourse to the Company. The Company has no obligation related to any underwriting and/or investment losses experienced by the Exchange. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had contributed $4.0 million of surplus to the Reciprocal Exchange. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company contributed an additional

NOTE 16. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Continued)

$18.0 million of surplus to the Reciprocal Exchange, resulting in a total contributed surplus of $22.0 million as of December 31, 2024. The effects of the transactions between the Company and the Reciprocal Exchange are eliminated in consolidation to derive consolidated Net Income (Loss). However, the management fee income earned by the AIF is reported in Net Income (Loss) attributable to Kemper Corporation and is included in the basic and diluted earnings per share.

Noncontrolling interest is the portion of equity (net assets) not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Since the Company has no ownership interest in Kemper Reciprocal, the difference between the carrying value of the Exchange’s assets and liabilities represents noncontrolling interest and any income or loss generated by the net assets of the Exchange is presented as income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Alternative Energy Partnership

The Company invests in an Alternative Energy Partnership formed to provide sustainable energy projects that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits. This entity was formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers.

The Company’s interest in the Alternative Energy Partnership Investment is considered an investment in a VIE. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and therefore is not required to consolidate the VIE. The project sponsor governs the entity and the Company only has consent rights that have been deemed protective in nature and does not participate in key economic decisions of the entity.

The investment is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and included in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company uses the HLBV equity method to account for earnings and losses. This method provides an earnings allocation that appropriately reflects the substantive economics of the investment. Earnings and losses on the investment are reported in Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments and investment tax credits are recognized in Income Tax Expense (Benefit) on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

The following table presents information regarding activity in the Company’s Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

The following table represents the carrying value of the associated assets and liabilities and the associated maximum loss exposure of the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company’s maximum loss exposure in the event that all of the assets in the Alternative Energy Partnership are deemed worthless is $17.6 million and $17.3 million, which is the carrying value of the investment at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

NOTE 17. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The tables below display the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

NOTE 17. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Continued)

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss shown above are reported in Net Income (Loss) as follows:

NOTE 18. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock Issuance

Kemper is authorized to issue 20 million shares of $0.10 par value preferred stock and 100 million shares of $0.10 par value common stock. No preferred shares were issued or outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023. There were 63,840,442 shares and 64,111,555 shares of common stock outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Common Stock Repurchases

On May 6, 2020, Kemper’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $200.0 million of Kemper common stock, in addition to the $133.3 million remaining under the August 6, 2014 authorization, bringing the remaining share repurchase authorization to approximately $333.3 million. As of December 31, 2024, the remaining share repurchase authorization was $132.8 million under the repurchase program.

During the year ended 2024, Kemper repurchased and retired approximately 637,000 shares of its common stock under its share repurchase authorization for an aggregate cost of $38.9 million and an average cost per share of $61.12. During the years ended 2023 and 2022, Kemper did not repurchase any of its common stock.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company issued 61,000,89,000, and 102,000 shares under the Kemper Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), respectively, at an average discounted price of $52.72, $40.79, and $40.83 per share. Compensation costs charged against income were $0.6 million, $0.6 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Kemper issued dividends and dividend equivalents of $80.1 million, $80.1 million, and $80.4 million during 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, of which $80.1 million, $80.1 million, and $79.7 million, respectively, was paid to shareholders. Except for certain financial covenants under Kemper’s credit agreement or during any period in which Kemper elects to defer interest payments, there are no restrictions on Kemper’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders. Certain financial covenants, namely minimum net worth and a maximum debt to total capitalization ratio, under Kemper’s credit agreement could limit the amount of dividends that Kemper may pay to shareholders. Kemper had the ability to pay $0.6 billion, $0.5 billion, and $0.8 billion in dividends without restrictions to its shareholders and still be in compliance with all financial covenants under its credit agreement at December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 19. STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS

Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are required to file financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by domestic and foreign insurance regulatory authorities.

Prescribed statutory accounting practices for domestic insurance companies include a variety of publications of the NAIC, as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. All states require domiciled insurance companies to prepare statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual, subject to any deviations prescribed or permitted by the applicable insurance commissioner or director. Statutory accounting practices differ from GAAP primarily since they require charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing life insurance

NOTE 19. STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS (Continued)

reserves based on different actuarial assumptions, and valuing certain investments and establishing deferred taxes on a different basis.

Kemper’s foreign subsidiary, Kemper Bermuda Ltd., is required to file with its insurance regulator financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP and presented in conformity with the financial reporting provisions of the Insurance Act of 1978, amendments thereto and the Insurance Account Rules 2016 with respect to Condensed Consolidated General Purpose Financial Statements (the “Legislation”).

The estimated combined statutory net income (loss), excluding intercompany dividends and surplus note interest, and estimated combined capital and surplus of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries is as follows:

The Company has non-insurance subsidiaries that are not subject to statutory accounting practices (“SAP”) as described above. The statutory net income and statutory capital and surplus amounts presented above do not include non-insurance subsidiaries in accordance with SAP.

Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are also required to hold minimum levels of statutory capital and surplus to satisfy regulatory requirements. The minimum statutory capital and surplus for US subsidiaries, or company action level risk-based capital (“RBC”), necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements for the Company’s US based life and health insurance subsidiaries collectively was estimated to be approximately $31.6 million and $36.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The estimated minimum statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements for the Company’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries collectively was approximately $574.9 million and $574.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Company action level RBC is the level at which a US based insurance company is required to file a corrective action plan with its regulators and is equal to 200% of the authorized control level RBC.

Capital and surplus requirements of Kemper Bermuda Ltd. are regulated by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”) and differ from those applicable to the US subsidiaries. On July 1, 2022, Kemper entered into an indefinite agreement with its subsidiary, Kemper Bermuda Ltd., that provides financial guarantees of up to $300.0 million in contributed capital to maintain a minimum target capital ratio of 150% Enhance Capital Requirement, as described in Bermuda’s Insurance Act 1978. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Kemper had cumulatively contributed $40.0 million under this agreement.

At December 31, 2024, all insurance subsidiaries individually are expected to exceed the minimum required statutory capital and surplus requirements.

Various insurance laws restrict the amount that a US based insurance subsidiary may pay in the form of dividends, loans or advances without the prior approval of regulatory authorities. Such insurance laws applicable to the Company’s US based

NOTE 19. STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS (Continued)

subsidiaries generally restrict the amount of dividends paid in an annual period to the greater of statutory net income from the previous year or 10% of statutory capital and surplus. Also, that portion of a US based insurance subsidiary’s net equity which results from differences between statutory insurance accounting practices and GAAP would not be available for cash dividends, loans or advances. Kemper’s US based insurance subsidiaries paid dividends of $213.3 million, $640.9 million and $311.7 million to Kemper in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2025, Kemper’s US based insurance subsidiaries capacity to pay dividends to Kemper without prior regulatory approval is estimated to be $211.7 million as of the filing date. Kemper’s US based insurance subsidiaries had net assets of approximately $3.2 billion and $3.5 billion, determined in accordance with GAAP, that were restricted from payment to Kemper without prior regulatory approval at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Additionally, Kemper Bermuda Ltd. is subject to minimum solvency requirements on its statutory and economic capital that limits its ability to declare and pay dividends. Kemper Bermuda Ltd. did not authorize or pay dividends to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

NOTE 20. PENSION BENEFITS

The Company previously sponsored a qualified defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”). Effective January 1, 2006, the Pension Plan was closed to new hires and, effective June 30, 2016, benefit accruals were frozen for substantially all of the participants under the Pension Plan. The Pension Plan has since been fully terminated.

In the third quarter of 2023, all plan liabilities were settled by either a lump-sum distribution or assumed by a third-party in exchange for a transfer of assets from the pension plan trust fund. After giving effect to these transactions, the Company recorded a $70.2 million noncash settlement charge ($55.5 million after-tax) for the unamortized net unrecognized postretirement benefit costs related to the settled obligations.

As of December 31, 2023, $16.3 million of assets remained in the pension trust and was included within Other Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. During the second quarter of 2024, the Company received $2.7 million as a post-settlement adjustment which was recorded in Insurance and Other Expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). As of September 30, 2024, $17.8 million of net assets remained in the pension trust after post-settlement adjustment, administrative, and investment activity. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company distributed $4.7 million to eligible participants in the Company’s defined contribution benefit plans and reverted the remaining $13.1 million of assets for general corporate use. As of December 31, 2024, no assets remained in the pension trust.

The Company incurred $7.3 million of pre- and post-tax expenses related to the reversion of assets within the pension trust, which included $4.7 million distributed to eligible participants in the Company’s defined contribution benefit plans and $2.6 million of excise taxes paid by the Company on the remaining $13.1 million made available for general corporate use.

NOTE 20. PENSION BENEFITS (Continued)

Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets and Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation for the Pension Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is presented below.

The measurement dates of the assets and liabilities at end of year presented in the preceding table under the headings, “2024” and “2023” were December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Asset allocations for the Pension Plan at December 31, 2024 and 2023 by asset category were:

The fair values of pension plan assets are estimated using the same methodologies and inputs as those used to determine the fair values for the respective asset category of the Company. These methodologies and inputs are disclosed in Note 14, “Fair Value Measurements,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fair value measurements for the Pension Plan’s assets at December 31, 2023 are summarized below.

NOTE 20. PENSION BENEFITS (Continued)

The components of Comprehensive Pension (Income) Expense for the Pension Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

The weighted-average discount rate, service cost discount rate, interest cost discount rate, rate of increase in future compensation levels and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used to develop the components of Pension Expense for the Pension Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

The Company did not contribute to the Pension Plan in 2022, 2023 or 2024.

The Company also sponsors a non-qualified supplemental defined benefit pension plan (the “Supplemental Plan”). Benefit accruals for all participants in the Supplemental Plan were frozen effective June 30, 2016. The unfunded liability related to the Supplemental Plan was $20.1 million and $21.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Pension expense for the Supplemental Plan was $1.0 million, $1.0 million, and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There was a pre-tax actuarial gain of $0.8 million, loss of $0.7 million, and gain of $4.8 million included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company also sponsors several defined contribution benefit plans covering most of its employees. The Company made contributions to those plans of $24.3 million, $27.5 million and $30.6 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, excluding the $4.7 million contributed during the fourth quarter of 2024 as part of the reversion of assets remaining in the pension trust.

NOTE 21. POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS

Kemper and Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation (“Infinity”) sponsor other than pension postretirement employee benefit plans (“OPEB”) that together provide medical, dental and/or life insurance benefits to approximately 400 retired and 500 active employees.

NOTE 21. POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS (Continued)

Kemper has historically self-insured the benefits under the Kemper OPEB Plan. The Kemper medical plan generally provides for a limited number of years of medical insurance benefits at retirement based on the participant’s attained age at retirement and number of years of service until specified dates and generally has required participant contributions, with most contributions adjusted annually. On December 30, 2016, Kemper amended the Kemper OPEB Plan and, effective December 31, 2016, no longer offers coverage to post-65 Medicare-eligible retirees and Medicare-eligible spouses under the self-insured portion of its coverage. Rather, beginning on January 1, 2017, the Kemper OPEB Plan offers access to a private, third-party Medicare exchange and provides varying levels of a Company-determined subsidy via health reimbursement accounts to certain Medicare-eligible retirees and spouses in order to help fund a portion of the participants’ cost. Further, the amendment eliminates the requirement for such participants to contribute to the Kemper OPEB Plan.

In conjunction with the amendment, the Company recorded a pre-tax reduction to its Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation of $11.0 million through Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). This prior service credit is being amortized into income over the remaining average life of the Kemper OPEB Plan’s participants.

Changes in Fair Value of Plans’ Assets and Changes in Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were:

The measurement dates of the assets and liabilities at end of year in the preceding table under the headings “2024” and “2023” were December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The weighted-average discount rate and rate of increase in future compensation levels used to develop the components of the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were:

The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2024 was 8.3% for 2025, gradually declining to 4.7% in the year 2034 and remaining at that level thereafter for medical benefits and 12.3% for 2025, gradually declining to 4.5% in the year 2034 and remaining at that level thereafter for prescription drug benefits. The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2023 was 6.7% for 2024, gradually declining to 4.7% in the year 2029 and remaining at that level thereafter for medical benefits and 8.0% for 2024, gradually declining to 4.8% in the year 2030 and remaining at that level thereafter for prescription drug benefits.

NOTE 21. POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS (Continued)

The components of Comprehensive OPEB (Income) Expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

The Company estimates that OPEB Expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 will include income of $2.1 million resulting from the amortization of the related accumulated actuarial gain and prior service credit included in AOCI at December 31, 2024.

The weighted-average discount rate and rate of increase in future compensation levels used to develop OPEB Expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

The Company expects to contribute $0.9 million, net of the expected Medicare Part D subsidy, to its OPEB Plan to fund benefit payments in 2025.

The following benefit payments (net of participant contributions), which consider expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

NOTE 22. LONG-TERM EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION

On May 1, 2024 (“2023 A&R Omnibus Plan Effective Date”), Kemper’s shareholders approved the Amended and Restated Kemper Corporation 2023 Omnibus Equity Plan (“2023 A&R Omnibus Plan”). The number of shares of Kemper common stock available for issuance under the 2023 A&R Omnibus Plan is (i)2,650,000 shares less (ii) one (1) share for every one (1) share granted after February 15, 2024 and prior to the 2023 A&R Omnibus Plan Effective Date (the “Share Authorization”). Since May 3, 2023, no new awards have been granted under the 2020 Omnibus Equity Plan (“2020 Omnibus Plan”) that had been approved by Kemper’s Shareholders on May 6, 2020, but awards previously granted under the 2020 Omnibus Plan remain outstanding in accordance with their original terms. As of December 31, 2024, there were 2,363,941 common shares available for future grants, subject to adjustment in accordance with the plans’ terms and the respective grant agreements.

Outstanding equity-based compensation awards as of December 31, 2024 consisted of time-based Restricted Stock Units that typically vest over three years (“RSU”), stock option and stock appreciation rights (“Tandem Awards”), PSUs and Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”) that were previously granted to Kemper’s Non-employee Directors under the 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan. In 2024, grants were made of RSUs that had performance vesting conditions (“pRSUs”). Unless otherwise specified in this Note 22, references to RSUs include pRSUs. RSUs, PSUs and DSUs give the recipient the right to receive one share of Kemper common stock for each RSU, PSU or DSU issued. Recipients of DSUs received full dividend equivalents on the same basis as all other outstanding shares of Kemper common stock, but do not receive voting rights until such shares are issued.

For grants under the 2023 A&R Omnibus Plan and the 2020 Omnibus Plan, recipients of RSUs and PSUs receive dividend equivalents on the same basis as all other outstanding shares of Kemper common stock only if, to the extent, and at the time that they vest and on subsequent dividend payment dates after they vest until the awards are settled, and do not receive voting rights until such shares are issued. For awards subject to a performance condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense based upon the probable outcome of the performance condition. The estimate is revised if the actual number of PSUs expected to vest is likely to differ from the previous estimate. Compensation expense for awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For equity-based compensation awards with a graded vesting schedule, the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately-vesting portion of the awards as if each award were, in substance, multiple awards. Compensation expense is recognized only for those awards expected to vest, with forfeitures estimated at the date of grant based on the Company’s historical experience and future expectations. Equity-based compensation expense was $29.2 million, $29.0 million and $17.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total unamortized compensation expense related to unvested awards at December 31, 2024 was $28.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over the next three years ending December 31, 2025, 2026 and 2027.

The Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, or, in limited circumstances, the CEO as the Board’s authorized designee, has sole discretion to determine the persons to whom awards under the 2023 A&R Omnibus Plan are granted, and the material terms of the awards. For Tandem Awards, material terms include the number of shares covered by such awards and the exercise price, vesting and expiration dates of such awards. Tandem Awards are non-transferable. The exercise price of Tandem Awards is the fair value of Kemper’s common stock on the date of grant. Tandem Awards and RSU awards granted to employees generally vest inthree equal annual installments over a period ofthree years, with the Tandem Awards expiringten years from the date of grant. Employee PSU awards generally vest over a period ofthree years, subject to performance results and other restrictions. pRSU vest inthree equal installments on the first three anniversaries of the grant date, assuming performance conditions are satisfied prior to each vesting date and that the executive remains employed by the Company. The performance conditions are measured using full-year 2024 results and full-year 2025 results.

Under the Non-employee Director compensation program in effect for 2024, each Non-employee Director elected at the 2024 annual shareholder meeting received an annual RSU award with an aggregate grant date fair value of $150,000 (“Director RSUs”) at the conclusion of the meeting, and new Non-employee Directors who joined the Board received an initial award of Director RSUs valued at the percentage of the full grant date fair value of $150,000 that represents the number of quarterly

Board meetings the new director was expected to attend during the remaining portion of the then-current annual compensation period that ends on the date of the next annual shareholder meeting. The Director RSUs vest over a period ofone year, enable the award holder to make an election to defer the conversion to shares of common stock in accordance with applicable deferral rules, and include the right to receive dividend equivalents on the same basis as all other outstanding shares of Kemper common stock only if, to the extent, and at the time that they vest and on subsequent dividend payment dates after they vest until the awards are settled. Each Non-employee Director elected at the 2023 annual shareholder meeting received an annual Director RSU award with an aggregate grant date fair value of $130,000 at the conclusion of the meeting, and, each Non-employee Director elected at the 2022 annual shareholder meeting received an annual Director RSU award with an aggregate grant date fair value of $130,000 at the conclusion of the meeting, under the Non-employee Director compensation program in effect for the applicable year.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of each Tandem Award on the date of grant. The expected terms of Tandem Awards are developed by considering the Company’s historical Tandem Award exercise experience, demographic profiles, historical share retention practices of employees and assumptions about their propensity for early exercise in the future. Expected volatility is estimated using weekly historical volatility over the estimated life of each tranche of the award. The Company believes that historical volatility is currently the best estimate of expected volatility. The dividend yield in 2024, 2023 and 2022 was calculated by taking the natural logarithm of the annualized yield divided by the

Kemper common stock price on the date of grant. The risk-free interest rate was the yield on the grant date of U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with a maturity comparable to the expected term of the option.

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model for Tandem Awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are presented below.

Tandem Award activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below.

The weighted-average grant-date fair values of Tandem Awards granted during 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $18.80, $18.85 and $14.67, respectively. Total intrinsic value of Tandem Awards exercised was $0.9 million, $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash received from exercises of Tandem Awards was $4.7 million, $1.9 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total tax benefit realized for tax deductions from exercises of Tandem Awards was $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Information pertaining to Tandem Awards outstanding at December 31, 2024 is presented below.

The grant-date fair values of RSUs are determined using the closing price of Kemper common stock on the date of grant.

Activity related to nonvested RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below.

The initial number of PSUs awarded to each participant represents the number of Kemper common shares that would vest and be issued if the performance level attained were to be at the “target” performance level. For performance above the target level, each participant would receive a grant of additional shares of stock up to a maximum of 100% of the initial number of PSUs awarded to the participant. The final payout of these awards, and any forfeitures of PSUs for performance below the “target” performance level, will be determined based on the Company’s performance. If, at the end of the applicable performance period, the Company’s performance:

•exceeds the “target” performance level, all of the PSUs will vest and additional shares of stock will be issued to the award recipient;

•is below the “target” performance level, but at or above a “minimum” performance level, only a portion of the PSUs originally issued to the award recipient will vest; or

•is below a “minimum” performance level, none of the PSUs originally issued to the award recipient will vest.

Activity related to nonvested PSU awards for the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below.

The number of additional shares that would be granted if the Company were to meet or exceed the maximum performance levels related to the outstanding PSU awards for the 2024, 2023 and 2022 three-year performance periods was 192,438 common shares,169,216 common shares and 174,872 common shares, respectively, (as “full value awards,” the equivalent of 192,438 shares,169,216 shares, and 174,872 shares, respectively, under the Share Authorization) at December 31, 2024.

The grant date fair values of the PSU awards with a market performance condition are determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The Monte Carlo simulation model produces a risk-neutral simulation of the daily returns on the common stock of Kemper and each of the other companies included in the peer group. Returns generated by the simulation depend on the risk-free interest rate used and the volatilities of, and the correlation between, these stocks. The model simulates stock prices and dividend payouts to the end of thethree-year performance period. Total shareholder returns are generated for each of these stocks based on the simulated prices and dividend payouts. The total shareholder returns are then ranked, and Kemper’s simulated ranking is converted to a payout percentage based on the terms of the PSU awards. The payout percentage is applied to the simulated stock price at the end of the performance period, reinvested dividends are added back, and the total is discounted to the valuation date at the risk-free rate. This process is repeated approximately ten thousand times, and the grant date fair value is equal to the average of the results from these trials.

Sixty-seven percent of the PSU awards granted to employees in 2024, sixty-seven percent of the PSU awards granted to employees in 2023 andsixty-seven percent of the PSU awards granted to employees in 2022 are measured using a market performance condition. Fair value for these awards was estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation method described above. Final payout for these awards, and any forfeitures of units for performance below the “target” performance level, will be based on Kemper’s total shareholder return, relative to a peer group comprised of all the companies in the S&P Supercomposite Insurance Index, over athree-year performance period. Thethree-year performance periods for the 2024, 2023 and 2022 awards end on January 31, 2026, January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, respectively. Compensation cost for these awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period. In the event that the market performance condition is not satisfied, previously recognized compensation cost would not reverse, but it would reverse if the requisite service period is not met.

Thirty-three percent of the PSU awards granted to employees in 2024, thirty-three percent of the PSU awards granted to employees in 2023 andthirty-three percent of the PSU awards granted to employees in 2022 are measured solely using a Company-specific metric. Final payout for these awards, and any forfeitures of shares for performance below the “target” performance level, will be determined based on Kemper’s adjusted return on equity over athree-year performance period. Thethree-year performance periods for the 2024, 2023 and 2022 awards end on December 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Fair value for these awards was determined using the closing price of Kemper common stock on the date of grant. Accruals of compensation cost for these awards are estimated based on the probable outcome of the performance condition.

The total fair value of RSUs and PSUs that vested during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $21.7 million. The tax benefits for tax deductions realized from such awards was $4.5 million. The total fair value of RSUs and PSUs that vested during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $5.2 million. The tax benefits for tax deductions realized from such awards was $1.1 million. The total fair value of RSUs and PSUs that vested during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $7.5 million. The tax benefits for tax deductions realized from such awards was $1.6 million.

The grant-date fair values of DSU awards issued under the 2011 Omnibus Plan granted to Non-employee Directors were determined using the closing price of Kemper common stock on the date of grant. Beginning in 2019 DSU awards are no longer issued to Non-employee Directors. All previously granted shares had vested upon issuance and as such, no DSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Activity related to DSU awards for the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below.

NOTE 23. POLICYHOLDER OBLIGATIONS

Policyholder Obligations at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

Kemper’s subsidiary, United Insurance Company of America (“United Insurance”) has entered into funding agreements with the FHLB of Chicago in exchange for cash, which it uses for spread lending purposes. United Insurance received advances of $101.7 million from the FHLB of Chicago and made repayments of $117.8 million under the spread lending program in 2024.

NOTE 23. POLICYHOLDER OBLIGATIONS (Continued)

United Insurance received advances of $122.5 million and made repayments of $166.1 million from the FHLB of Chicago in 2023 under the spread lending program.

When a funding agreement is issued, United Insurance is then required to post collateral in the form of eligible securities including mortgage-backed, government, and agency debt instruments for each of the advances that are entered. The fair value of the collateral pledged must be maintained at certain specified levels above the borrowed amount, which can vary depending on the assets pledged. If the fair value of the collateral declines below these specified levels of the amount borrowed, United Insurance would be required to pledge additional collateral or repay outstanding borrowings. Upon any event of default by United Insurance, the FHLB’s recovery on the collateral is limited to the amount of United Insurance’s liability under the funding agreements to the FHLB of Chicago.

United Insurance’s liability under the funding agreements with the FHLB of Chicago, the amount of collateral pledged under such agreements and FHLB of Chicago common stock owned by United Insurance at December 31, 2024 and 2023 is presented below.

Universal Life-type Policyholder Account Balances

The Company’s weighted-average crediting rate for Universal Life-type Policyholder Account Balances was 5.1% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Guaranteed minimum benefit amounts in excess of the current account balances for these contracts were $276.6 million and $294.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The cash surrender value of the Company’s policyholder obligations for these contracts was $96.4 million and $98.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 24. DEBT

Amended and Extended Credit Agreement

On March 15, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and extended credit agreement. The amended and extended credit agreement increased the borrowing capacity of the existing unsecured credit agreement to $600.0 million and extended the maturity date to March 15, 2027. Furthermore, the amended and extended credit agreement provides for an accordion feature whereby the Company can increase the revolving credit borrowing capacity by an additional $200.0 million for a total maximum capacity of $800.0 million.

Financial covenants within the agreement limit the Company from accessing the maximum capacity. The amount available as of December 31, 2024 was $512.0 million. There wereno outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement at either December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

The Company incurred $2.2 million of debt issuance costs in relation to the amended agreement. As of December 31, 2024 there were $1.1 million of remaining unamortized costs under the credit agreement, which will be amortized under the remaining term of the credit agreement.

NOTE 24. DEBT (Continued)

Long-term Debt

The Company designates debt obligations as either short-term or long-term based on maturity date at issuance. Total amortized cost of Long-term Debt, Current and Non-Current, outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was:

4.350% Senior Notes Due 2025

Kemper has $450.0 million aggregate principal of 4.350% senior notes due February 15, 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”). Kemper initially issued $250.0 million of the notes in February of 2015 and issued an additional $200.0 million of the notes in June of 2017. The additional notes are fungible with the initial notes issued in 2015, and together are treated as part of a single series for all purposes under the indenture governing the 2025 Senior Notes. The 2025 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time at Kemper’s option at specified redemption prices. As of December 31, 2024, the 2025 Senior Notes have been classified as Current due to the notes reaching maturity within 12 months of the financial statement date.

2.400% Senior Notes Due 2030

Kemper has $400.0 million aggregate principal of 2.400% senior notes due September 30, 2030 (the “2030 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of issuance were $395.8 million, net of discount and transaction costs for an effective yield of 2.52%. The 2030 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at Kemper’s option, at specified redemption prices.

3.800% Senior Notes Due 2032

On February 15, 2022, Kemper offered and sold $400.0 million aggregate principal of 3.800% senior notes due February 23, 2032 (the “2032 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of issuance were $395.1 million, net of discount and transaction costs for an effective yield of 3.950%. The 2032 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at Kemper’s option, at specified redemption prices.

5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2062

On March 10, 2022, Kemper issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures due March 15, 2062 (the “2062 Junior Debentures”). The net proceeds from issuance were $144.7 million, net of discount and transaction costs. The 2062 Junior Debentures will bear interest from and including the date of original issue to, but excluding, March 15, 2027 (the “First Reset Date”) at the fixed rate of 5.875% per annum. The interest rate on the First Reset Date, and subsequent Reset Dates, will be equal to the Five-Year Treasury Rate as of the most recent Reset Date plus 4.140% to be reset on each Reset Date. Interest is due quarterly in arrears beginning on June 15, 2022. The Company has the option to defer interest payments forone or more optional deferral periods of up tofive consecutive years, provided that no optional deferral period shall extend beyond March 15, 2062, or any earlier accelerated maturity date arising from an event of default or any earlier redemption of the 2062 Junior Debentures.

The 2062 Junior Debentures are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole or in part on the First Reset Date or any time thereafter, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount of the debentures being redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

NOTE 24. DEBT (Continued)

Short-term Debt

Kemper’s subsidiaries, United Insurance, Trinity Universal Insurance Company (“Trinity”) and AAC, are members of the FHLBs of Chicago, Dallas and Chicago, respectively. The Company periodically uses short-term FHLB borrowings for cash management and risk management purposes, in addition to long-term FHLB borrowings for the spread lending program. The Company did not receive advances or make repayments of short-term debt during the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023 for cash and risk management purposes. There were no short-term debt advances from the FHLBs of Chicago or Dallas outstanding at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. For information on United Insurance’s funding agreement with the FHLB of Chicago in connection with the spread lending program, see Note 23, “Policyholder Obligations,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Expense and Interest Paid

Interest Expense, including facility fees, accretion of discount, amortization of premium and amortization of issuance costs, was $56.9 million, $56.1 million and $54.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively. Interest paid, including facility fees, was $54.5 million, $54.5 million and $51.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively.

NOTE 25. LEASES

The Company leases certain office space under non-cancelable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging fromone tofifteen years, along with options that permit renewals for additional periods. The Company also leases certain vehicles and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging fromone tofive years. Minimum rent is expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The following table presents operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

Lease expenses are included in Insurance and Other Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Additional information regarding the Company’s operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is presented below.

1 Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company hadno expenses during the year ended December 31, 2024 or 2022 associated with lease impairments and other related costs. The Company incurred expenses of $18.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 associated with lease impairments and other related costs.

NOTE 25. LEASES (Continued)

Other Information on Operating Leases

Significant judgments and assumptions for determining lease asset and liability at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented below.

Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate. Accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine its lease payments’ present value.

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases at December 31, 2024 are presented below.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any finance leases.

NOTE 26. CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE

Catastrophes and natural disasters are inherent risks of the property and casualty insurance business. These catastrophic events and natural disasters include, without limitation, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, hailstorms, wildfires, high winds and winter storms. Such events result in insured losses that are, and will continue to be, a material factor in the results of operations and financial position of the Company’s property and casualty insurance companies. Further, because the level of these insured losses occurring in any one year cannot be accurately predicted, these losses may contribute to material year-to-year fluctuations in the results of operations and financial position of these companies. Specific types of catastrophic events are more likely to occur at certain times within the year than others. This factor adds an element of seasonality to property and casualty insurance claims. The Company has adopted the industry-wide catastrophe classifications of storms and other events promulgated by the Insurance Services Office (“ISO”) to track and report losses related to catastrophes. ISO classifies a disaster as a catastrophe when the event causes $25.0 million or more in direct insured losses to property and affects a significant number of policyholders and insurers. ISO-classified catastrophes are assigned a unique serial number recognized throughout the insurance industry. The discussions that follow utilize ISO’s definition of catastrophes.

The Company manages its exposure to catastrophes and other natural disasters through a combination of geographical diversification, restrictions on the amount and location of new business production in certain regions, and reinsurance. To limit its exposures to catastrophic events, the Company maintains a catastrophe reinsurance program for the property and casualty insurance companies. In 2024, the property business written through the Life segment was included in the catastrophe reinsurance program. Coverage for the catastrophe reinsurance program is provided in various layers through multiple excess of loss reinsurance contracts and an annual aggregate excess property catastrophe reinsurance contract.

NOTE 26. CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE (Continued)

Coverage on individual catastrophes provided under the excess of loss reinsurance contracts effective January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024 is provided in various layers as presented below.

Coverage on individual catastrophes provided under the excess of loss reinsurance contracts effective January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 is provided in various layers as presented below.

Coverage on individual catastrophes provided under the excess of loss reinsurance contracts effective January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 is provided in various layers as presented below.

In the event that the incurred catastrophe losses and LAE covered by the catastrophe reinsurance programs presented in the three preceding tables exceed the retention for that particular layer, each of the programs allow for one reinstatement of such coverage. In such an instance, the Company is required to pay a reinstatement premium to the reinsurers to reinstate the full amount of reinsurance available under such layer.

The aggregate property catastrophe reinsurance contract was discontinued in 2023.

Coverage provided under the 2022 aggregate property catastrophe reinsurance contract is summarized below.

The catastrophe reinsurance in 2024, 2023 and 2022 for the property and casualty insurance companies also included reinsurance coverage from the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”) for hurricane losses in Florida at retentions lower than those described above. The Life Insurance segment also purchases reinsurance from the FHCF for hurricane losses in Florida.

NOTE 26. CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE (Continued)

Reinsurance premiums for the Company’s catastrophe reinsurance programs and the FHCF Program reduced earned premiums for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 by the following:

The Company did not pay any reinstatement premiums in 2024, 2023, or 2022.

Catastrophe losses and LAE (including reserve development), net of reinsurance recoveries, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 by business segment are presented below.

The Company had no material recoveries under its catastrophe reinsurance treaties for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Total prior year catastrophe loss and LAE reserves, net of reinsurance recoverables, developed adversely by $6.0 million in 2024, favorably by $9.1 million in 2023 and favorably by $4.1 million in 2022. The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported adverse catastrophe reserve development of $0.7 million, favorable development of $2.3 million, and adverse development of $0.6 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Life Insurance segment reported favorable catastrophe reserve development of $0.1 million, adverse development of $0.8 million and adverse development of $1.5 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Non-Core Operations reported adverse catastrophe reserve development of $5.4 million, favorable development of $7.6 million and favorable development of $6.2 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The process of estimating and establishing reserves for catastrophe losses is inherently uncertain and the actual ultimate cost of a claim, net of actual reinsurance recoveries, may vary materially from the estimated amount reserved. The Company’s estimates of direct catastrophe losses are generally based on inspections by claims adjusters and historical loss development experience for areas that have not been inspected or for claims that have not yet been reported. The Company’s estimates of direct catastrophe losses are based on the coverages provided by its insurance policies. The Company’s homeowners and dwelling insurance policies do not provide coverage for losses caused by floods, but generally provide coverage for physical damage caused by wind or wind-driven rain. Accordingly, the Company’s estimates of direct losses for homeowners and dwelling insurance do not include losses caused by flood. Depending on the policy, automobile insurance may provide coverage for losses caused by flood. Estimates of the number and severity of claims ultimately reported are influenced by many variables, including, but not limited to, repair or reconstruction costs and determination of cause of loss that are difficult to quantify and will influence the final amount of claim settlements. All these factors, coupled with the impact of the availability of labor and material on costs, require significant judgment in the reserve setting process. A change in any one or more of these factors is likely to result in an ultimate net claim cost different from the estimated reserve. The Company’s estimates of indirect losses from wind pools and joint underwriting associations are based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, actual or estimated assessments provided by or received from such entities, insurance industry estimates of losses, and estimates of the Company’s market share in the assessable states. Actual assessments may differ materially from these estimated amounts.

NOTE 27. OTHER REINSURANCE

In addition to the reinsurance programs described in Note 26, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries utilize other reinsurance arrangements to limit their maximum loss, provide greater diversification of risk and to minimize exposures on larger risks. The ceding of insurance does not discharge the primary

NOTE 27. OTHER REINSURANCE (Continued)

liability of the original insurer. Accordingly, insurance reserve liabilities are reported gross of any estimated recovery from reinsurers in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the insurance reserve liability and are included in Other Receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reinsurance Recoverables were $78.7 million and $86.5 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of which $26.0 million and $34.1 million was related to short-duration policies, respectively, and $52.7 million and $52.4 million related to long-duration policies, respectively.

Earned Premiums ceded on long-duration and short-duration policies were $33.1 million, $32.7 million and $42.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $16.4 million, $16.3 million and $32.0 million, respectively, was related to catastrophe reinsurance. See Note 26, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s catastrophe reinsurance programs. Certain insurance subsidiaries assume business from other insurance companies and involuntary pools. Earned Premiums assumed on long-duration and short-duration policies were $21.8 million, $42.9 million and $41.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Trinity and Capitol County Mutual Fire Insurance Company (“Capitol”) are parties to a quota share reinsurance agreement whereby Trinity assumes 100% of the business written by Capitol, subject to a cap, for ceded losses for dwelling coverage. Earned Premiums assumed by Trinity from Capitol were $10.5 million, $10.4 million and $11.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Capitol is a mutual insurance company and, accordingly, is owned by its policyholders. Trinity and Old Reliable Casualty Company (“ORCC”), a subsidiary of Capitol, are parties to a quota share reinsurance agreement whereby Trinity assumes 100% of the business written by ORCC, subject to a cap, for ceded losses for dwelling coverage. Earned Premiums assumed by Trinity from ORCC were $2.3 million, $2.7 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Five employees of the Company serve as directors of Capitol’sfive member board of directors. Nine employees of the Company also serve as directors of ORCC’snine member board of directors. Kemper’s subsidiary, United Insurance, provides claims and administrative services to Capitol and ORCC. In addition, agents appointed by Kemper’s subsidiary, The Reliable Life Insurance Company, and who are employed by United Insurance, are also appointed by Capitol and ORCC to sell property insurance products for the Company’s Life Insurance segment. The Company also provides certain investment services to Capitol and ORCC.

NOTE 28. INCOME TAXES

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s Net Deferred Income Tax Assets and Deferred Income Tax Liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were:

Due to jurisdictional differences in which the Company operates, the consolidated net deferred tax asset of $80.0 million is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a total deferred tax asset of $94.8 million and a deferred tax liability of $14.8 million.

The evaluation of the recoverability of the deferred tax asset and the need for a valuation allowance is based on the weight of all available positive and negative evidence. For the year ended December 31, 2024, a valuation allowance of $38.7 million was recorded against those deferred tax assets that were determined not to be more likely than not to be realized based on Management’s assessment, an increase of $11.3 million from the year ended December 31, 2023 when a $27.4 million valuation allowance was recorded.

The expiration of federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and their related deferred income tax assets at December 31, 2024 is presented below by year of expiration.

The carryforwards relate to federal NOL carryforwards which the Company expects to fully utilize prior to expiration.

There wereno Unrecognized Tax Benefits at December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income Tax Expense (Benefit). There wereno liabilities for accrued interest and penalties as of December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

NOTE 28. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

The statute of limitations related to Kemper and its eligible subsidiaries’ consolidated Federal income tax returns is closed for all tax years up to and including 2011 as well as 2018 and 2019. As a result of the Company filing amended federal income tax returns, tax years 2012 and 2013 are under limited examination with respect to carryback adjustments associated with the amended returns. Tax years 2020 and 2022 are currently under examination. The statute of limitations related to tax years 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 has been extended to December 31, 2025. Tax years 2021, 2022 and 2023 are subject to a statute of three years from the extended due dates of October 15, 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively.

The expiration of the statute of limitations related to the various state income tax returns that Kemper and its subsidiaries file varies by state.

The components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) from Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were:

Federal income taxes paid, net of income tax refunds received, were $9.9 million and $1.1 million in 2024 and 2022, respectively. Federal income tax refunds received, net of income taxes paid, were $107.7 million in 2023.

State income taxes paid, net of income tax refunds received, were $1.3 million and $1.0 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively. State income taxes refunds received, net of income taxes paid, were $0.4 million in 2022.

No foreign income taxes were paid or refunded in 2024, 2023, or 2022.

A reconciliation of the Statutory Federal Income Tax Expense (Benefit) and Rate to the Company’s Effective Income Tax Expense (Benefit) and Rate from Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

NOTE 28. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

Comprehensive Income Tax Expense (Benefit) included in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was:

NOTE 29. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In the ordinary course of its businesses, the Company is involved in legal proceedings including lawsuits, arbitration, regulatory examinations, audits and inquiries. Based on currently available information, the Company does not believe that it is reasonably possible that any of its pending legal proceedings will have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 30. RELATED PARTIES

As described in Note 27, “Other Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has certain relationships with Capitol, a mutual insurance company that is owned by its policyholders, and ORCC, a subsidiary of Capitol. There were no other material related party transactions during the year ended December 31, 2024.

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Kemper Corporation

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Kemper Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Property and casualty insurance reserves – Refer to Notes 2 and 6 to the financial statements.

Critical Audit Matter Description

The estimation of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses (“property and casualty insurance reserves”), including those claims that are incurred but not reported, requires significant judgment. Estimating property and casualty insurance reserves is inherently uncertain as estimates are generally derived using a variety of actuarial estimation techniques that are dependent on assumptions and expectations about future events, many of which are difficult to quantify. The estimation process, particularly for claims with longer-tailed exposures that may not be discovered or reported immediately, is inherently subjective and modest changes in judgments and assumptions can materially impact the valuation of these reserves.

Given the significant judgments made by management in estimating property and casualty insurance reserves, auditing property and casualty insurance reserves required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the involvement of our actuarial specialists.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to property and casualty insurance reserves included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls related to property and casualty insurance reserves, including those controls related to the estimation of and management’s review of the property and casualty insurance reserves.

•We tested the underlying data, including historical claims, that served as the basis for the actuarial analyses to test that the inputs to the actuarial estimates were accurate and complete.

•With the assistance of our actuarial specialists:

– We developed a range of independent estimates of the property and casualty insurance reserves and compared our estimates to the recorded reserves.

– We compared the Company’s prior year estimates of expected incurred losses to actual experience during the most recent year to identify potential bias in the Company’s determination of property and casualty insurance reserves.

Certain fixed maturities at fair value – Refer to Notes 2, 11, and 14 to the financial statements.

Critical Audit Matter Description

Investments in fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value in the financial statements. Fixed maturity securities without readily determinable market values are valued using unobservable inputs, such as market yields, which involve considerable judgment by management.

Given management uses unobservable inputs to estimate the fair value of fixed maturity securities without readily determinable market values, performing audit procedures to evaluate these inputs required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the involvement of our financial instrument valuation specialists.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the unobservable inputs used by management to estimate the fair value of fixed maturity securities without readily determinable market values included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls related to fixed maturity securities, including those controls related to the determination of fair value.

•We evaluated the reasonableness of the models, methodologies, and unobservable inputs used by management to estimate fair value.

•With the assistance of our financial instrument valuation specialists, we compared management’s unobservable inputs to external sources, and for a sample of the investments, developed independent estimates of the fair value and compared our estimates to the Company’s estimates.

/s/Deloitte & Touche LLP

Chicago, Illinois

February 7, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.