Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. /NY/

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. (the “Holding Company”) is engaged in commercial banking and financial services through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Dime Community Bank (“the Bank”). The Bank was established in 1910 and is headquartered in Hauppauge, New York. The Holding Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 1988 to serve as the holding company for the Bank. The Holding Company functions primarily as the holder of all of the Bank’s common stock. Our bank operations also include Dime Abstract LLC (“Dime Abstract”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, which is a broker of title insurance services. As of June 30, 2025, we operated 62 branch locations throughout Long Island and the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Westchester County. The Bank has received all requisite regulatory approvals to open a branch in Lakewood, New Jersey.

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include the collective results of the Holding Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, which are collectively herein referred to as “we”, “us”, “our” and the “Company.”

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. In preparing the interim financial statements, management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reported periods. Such estimates are subject to change in the future as additional information becomes available or previously existing circumstances are modified. Actual future results could differ significantly from those estimates. The annualized results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts, and the related discussion and analysis, to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not have an impact on net income or total stockholders' equity. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which remain significantly unchanged and have been followed similarly as in prior periods.

2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the results of operations and statements of comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Please see “Part I - Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies” for a discussion of areas in the accompanying unaudited condensed Consolidated Financial Statements utilizing significant estimates.

Adoption of Recent Accounting Standards

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280)

The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 to improve reportable segment disclosures by requiring public business entities to disclose significant expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment, where significant expense categories are defined as those that are regularly reported to an entity’s chief operating decision-maker and included in a segment’s reported measures of profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 became effective for the Company for interim periods on January 1, 2025. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. For a further discussion please see Note 17 to the condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASU No. 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, intended to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information.

Specifically, the amendments in this ASU require disclosure of: (i) a tabular reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, with prescribed categories that are required to be disclosed, and the separate disclosure and disaggregation of prescribed reconciling items with an effect equal to 5% or more of the amount determined by multiplying pretax income from continuing operations by the applicable statutory rate; (ii) a qualitative description of the states and local jurisdictions that make up the majority (greater than 50%) of the effect of the state and local income taxes; and (iii) amount of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and by individual jurisdictions that comprise 5% or more of total income taxes paid, net of refunds received. The ASU also includes other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures.

ASU 2023-09 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2025 for annual reporting periods, on a prospective basis and is not anticipated to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

3. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, was as follows:

The before and after tax amounts allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the table below for the periods indicated.

4. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is computed using the same method as basic EPS, but reflects the potential dilution that would occur if “in the money” stock options were exercised and converted into common stock. In determining the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS, treasury shares are excluded. Vested restricted stock award (“RSA”) shares are included in the calculation of the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS. Unvested RSA and performance-based share awards (“PSA”) shares not yet awarded are recognized as a special class of participating securities under ASC 260, and are included in the calculation of the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS. Basic and diluted EPS on common stock and the basic and diluted EPS on participating securities are the same.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented:

Common and equivalent shares resulting from the dilutive effect of “in-the-money” outstanding stock options are calculated based upon the excess of the average market value of the common stock over the exercise price of outstanding in-the-money stock options during the period.

There were 26,995 weighted-average stock options outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, which were not considered in the calculation of diluted EPS since their exercise prices exceeded the average market price during the period.

5. PREFERRED STOCK

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. has 5,299,200 shares currently outstanding, or $132.5 million in aggregate liquidation preference, of its 5.50% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).

The Company expects to pay dividends when, as, and if declared by its board of directors, at a fixed rate of 5.50% per annum, payable quarterly, in arrears, on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15 of each year. The Preferred Stock is perpetual and has no stated maturity. The Company may redeem the Preferred Stock at its option at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends), subject to regulatory approval, on or after June 15, 2025, or within 90 days following a regulatory capital treatment event, as described in the prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to the offering.

6. SECURITIES

The following tables summarize the major categories of securities as of the dates indicated:

There wereno transfers to or from securities held-to-maturity during the three or six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The carrying value of securities pledged at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $589.2 million and $622.7 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there wereno holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders' equity.

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of securities by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

The following table presents the information related to sales of securities available-for-sale as of the periods indicated:

There wereno sales of securities held-to-maturity during the three or six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities available-for-sale aggregated by investment category and the length of time the securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated:

As of June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a $1.8 million allowance for credit losses on one available-for-sale corporate security due to the issuer’s non-compliance with certain financial covenants, which was considered a credit deterioration event. Given the high-quality composition of the Company’s held-to-maturity portfolio, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on the held-to-maturity portfolio. With respect to certain classes of debt securities, primarily U.S. Treasuries and securities issued by Government Sponsored Entities, the Company considers the history of credit losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero, even if the U.S. government were to technically default. Accrued interest receivable on securities totaling $5.7 million at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and excluded from the amortized cost and estimated fair value totals in the table above.

Management evaluates available-for-sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than amortized cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

At June 30, 2025, substantially all of the securities in an unrealized loss position had a fixed interest rate and the cause of the temporary impairment was directly related to changes in interest rates. The Company generally views changes in fair value caused by changes in interest rates as temporary, which is consistent with its experience. The following major security types held by the Company are all issued by U.S. government entities and agencies and therefore either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government: Agency Notes, Treasury Securities, Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs, Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. None of the unrealized losses are related to credit quality of the issuer. A majority of the state and municipal obligations within the portfolio have all maintained an investment grade rating by either Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s. The Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the debt. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity.

The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for corporate securities available-for-sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

7. LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET

The following table presents the loan categories for the period ended as indicated:

The following tables present data regarding the allowance for credit losses activity on loans held for investment for the periods indicated:

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status as of the periods indicated:

The Company didnot recognize interest income on non-accrual loans held for investment during the three or six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The following tables summarize the past due status of the Company’s investment in loans as of the dates indicated:

Accruing Loans 90 Days or More Past Due:

There wereno accruing loans 90 days or more past due at June 30, 2025 or at December 31, 2024.

Collateral Dependent Loans:

The Company had collateral dependent loans which were individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of the dates indicated:

Loan Restructurings

The Company applies the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification or other form of restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include conditions where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and/or a combination of these modifications. The disclosures related to loan restructuring are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows.

The following tables presents loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan category and type of concession granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of the dates indicated:

The Bank monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following tables describe the performance of loans that have been modified during the past 12 months.

As of June 30, 2025, there was one $15.0 million non-owner-occupied commercial loan that was modified to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty during the prior 12 months that subsequently defaulted. As of June 30, 2024, there wereno loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the prior 12 months that subsequently defaulted. For the purposes of this disclosure, a payment default is defined as 90 or more days past due. Non-accrual loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty remain on non-accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit structure, loan documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying them based on credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

*Special Mention.*Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.

*Substandard.*Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

*Doubtful.*Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of then existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of loans by internally assigned grade as of the periods indicated, the years represent the year of origination for non-revolving loans:

For other loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on payment activity. Other loans that are 90 days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status, while all remaining other loans are classified and evaluated as performing. The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of other loans by internally assigned grade:

8. LEASES

The following table presents the Company’s remaining maturities of undiscounted lease payments, as well as a reconciliation to the discounted operating lease liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2025:

Other information related to the Company’s operating leases was as follows:

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposure to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loan portfolio.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Company engages in fair value hedges, cash flow hedges and freestanding derivatives.

Effect of Derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

The tables below present the notional amounts and fair values of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Effect of Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on the Consolidated Statements of Operations

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Fair Value Hedges

The Company uses fair value hedges to protect against changes in fair value of certain interest rate sensitive assets. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company posted $834 thousand and $2.7 million, respectively, to the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) clearing house related to the fair value derivatives settled daily to market. The Company pays an average fixed rate of 4.43% and receives a floating rate based on the US federal funds effective rate for the life of the agreement without an exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The amortized cost basis of the closed portfolio of the fixed rate mortgage loans on June 30, 2025 totaled $1.06 billion. The amount identified as the last-of-layer in the open hedge relationship was $700.0 million, which is the amount of loans in the closed portfolio anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. The basis adjustment associated with the hedge was a $842 thousand asset as of June 30, 2025, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedged relationship.

The amortized cost basis of the closed portfolio of the fixed rate mortgage loans on December 31, 2024 totaled $692.2 million. The amount identified as the last-of-layer in the open hedge relationship was $500.0 million, which is the amount of loans in the closed portfolio anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. The basis adjustment associated with the hedge was a $2.6 million asset as of December 31, 2024, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedged relationship.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a $205 thousand debit and $827 thousand debit, respectively, from the swap transactions as a component of interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded a $634 thousand credit and a $1.3 million credit, respectively, from the swap transactions as a component of interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

Cash Flow Hedges

Cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The Company uses these types of derivatives to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing or forecasted issuances of short-term borrowings.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $4.5 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.

The Company didnot terminate any derivatives during the six months ended June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024, respectively.

The table below presents the effect of the cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated:

All cash flow hedges are recorded gross on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

Certain cash flow hedges involve derivative agreements with third-party counterparties that contain provisions requiring the Company to post cash collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount and receive collateral for agreements in a net asset position. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company didnot post collateral to the third-party counterparties. As of June 30, 2025, the Company received $6.2 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position. As of June 30, 2025, the Company posted $5.2 million to the CME clearing house that are accounted for as settlements of the derivative liabilities. As of December 31, 2024, the Company received $9.1 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position. As of December 31, 2024, the Company received $856 thousand from the CME clearing house that are accounted for as settlements of the derivative asset.

Freestanding Derivatives

The Company maintains an interest-rate risk protection program for its loan portfolio in order to offer loan level derivatives with certain borrowers and to generate loan level derivative income. The Company enters into interest rate swap or interest rate floor agreements with borrowers. These interest rate derivatives are designed such that the borrower synthetically

attains a fixed-rate loan, while the Company receives floating rate loan payments. The Company offsets the loan level interest rate swap exposure by entering into an offsetting interest rate swap or interest rate floor with an unaffiliated and reputable bank counterparty. These interest rate derivatives do not qualify as designated hedges, under ASU 815; therefore, each interest rate derivative is accounted for as a freestanding derivative. The notional amounts of the interest rate derivatives do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate derivative agreements. The following tables reflect freestanding derivatives included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of the dates indicated:

Loan level derivative income is recognized on the mark-to-market of the interest rate swap as a fair value adjustment at the time the transaction is closed. Total loan level derivative income is included in non-interest income as follows:

The interest rate swap product with the borrower is cross collateralized with the underlying loan and, therefore, there isno posted collateral. Certain interest rate swap agreements with third-party counterparties contain provisions that require the Company to post collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount and receive collateral for agreements in a net asset position. As of June 30, 2025, the Company posted $1.4 million in collateral to the third-party counterparty, and did not post collateral to its third-parties as of December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the Company received $63.6 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position. As of December 31, 2024, the Company received $103.3 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position.

Risk Participation Agreements

The Company enters into risk participation agreements to manage economic risks but does not designate the instruments in hedge relationships. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the notional amounts of risk participation agreements for derivative liabilities were$140.6 million and$141.1 million, respectively. The related fair values of the Company’s risk participation agreements as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were$15 thousand and$10 thousand, respectively.

Credit Risk Related Contingent Features

The Company’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties state that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations and could be required to terminate its derivative positions with the counterparty.

The Company’s agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties state that if the Bank fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution, the Bank could be required to terminate its derivative positions with the counterparty.

For derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, any breach of the above provisions by the Company may require settlement of its obligations under the agreements at the termination value with the respective counterparty. As of June 30, 2025, there wereno derivatives in a net liability position, and therefore the termination value waszero. There wereno provisions breached for the three or six months ended June 30, 2025.

10. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Significant other observable inputs such as any of the following: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, (3) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks, and default rates), or (4) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market-corroborated inputs).

Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Significant unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk). Significant unobservable inputs shall be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Securities

The Company’s available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, which were determined utilizing prices obtained from independent parties. The valuations obtained are based upon market data, and often utilize evaluated pricing models that vary by asset and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. For securities that do not trade on a daily basis, pricing applications apply available information such as benchmarking and matrix pricing. The market inputs normally sought in the evaluation of securities include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes (obtained

only from market makers or broker/dealers recognized as market participants), issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. For certain securities, additional inputs may be used or some market inputs may not be applicable. Prioritization of inputs may vary on any given day based on market conditions.

All MBS, CMOs, treasury securities, and agency notes are guaranteed either implicitly or explicitly by GSEs as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, corporate securities are rated “investment grade” at the time of purchase and the financials of the issuers are reviewed quarterly.

Derivatives

Derivatives represent interest rate swaps and estimated fair values are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date.

The following tables present financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, segmented by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.