FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORP

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation ("Farmer Mac") and subsidiaries have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows of Farmer Mac and subsidiaries for the interim periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been omitted as permitted by SEC rules and regulations. The December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet presented in this report has been derived from Farmer Mac's audited 2024 consolidated financial statements. Management believes that the disclosures are adequate to present fairly the consolidated financial statements as of the dates and for the periods presented. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2024 consolidated financial statements of Farmer Mac and subsidiaries included in Farmer Mac's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 21, 2025. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those that may be expected for the fiscal year.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmer Mac and itstwo subsidiaries: (1) Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation, whose principal activities are to facilitate the purchase and issuance of Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities; and (2) Farmer Mac II LLC, which operated substantially all of the business related to the USDA Securities included in the Agricultural Finance line of business from 2010 through 2023 and continues to hold a "run-off" portfolio of USDA Securities. The consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs") in which Farmer Mac determined itself to be the primary beneficiary.

Table 1.1

(1)Includes borrower remittances of $1.4 million. The borrower remittances had not been passed through to third-party investors as of September 30, 2025.

(2)Includes $117.5 million in unamortized discount related to structured securitization transactions.

(3)Farmer Mac uses unpaid principal balance and outstanding face amount of investment securities to represent maximum exposure to loss.

(4)Includes auction-rate certificates, government-sponsored enterprise ("GSE") guaranteed mortgage-backed securities, and other mission related investments.

(5)The Agricultural Finance amount relates to unconsolidated trusts where Farmer Mac is not the primary beneficiary, either due to shared power with an unrelated party or a subordinate class majority holder has the unilateral right to remove Farmer Mac as Master Servicer without cause.

(6)Farmer Mac presents a liability for its obligation to stand ready under its guarantee in "Guarantee and commitment obligation" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which was $5.1 million as of September 30, 2025. The weighted average remaining maturity of the loans underlying the guarantee was 20.9 years as of September 30, 2025.

(1)Includes borrower remittances of $4.7 million. The borrower remittances had not been passed through to third-party investors as of December 31, 2024.

(2)Includes $113.2 million in unamortized discount related to a structured securitization transaction.

(3)Farmer Mac uses unpaid principal balance and outstanding face amount of investment securities to represent maximum exposure to loss.

(4)Includes auction-rate certificates, government-sponsored enterprise ("GSE") guaranteed mortgage-backed securities, and other mission related investments.

(5)The Agricultural Finance amount relates to unconsolidated trusts where Farmer Mac is not the primary beneficiary, either due to shared power with an unrelated party or a subordinate class majority holder has the unilateral right to remove Farmer Mac as Master Servicer without cause.

(6)Farmer Mac presents a liability for its obligation to stand ready under its guarantee in "Guarantee and commitment obligation" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which was $5.6 million as of December 31, 2024. The weighted average remaining maturity of the loans underlying the guarantee was 21.2 years as of December 31, 2024.

(a)Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share ("EPS") is based on the daily weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is based on the daily weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding adjusted to include all potentially dilutive stock appreciation rights ("SARs") and unvested restricted stock unit awards. The following schedule reconciles basic and diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Table 1.2

(1)For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, SARs and restricted stock units of 27,160 and 15,465, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, contingent shares of unvested restricted stock units of 27,580 and 29,918, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share of common stock because performance conditions had not yet been met.

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, SARs and restricted stock units of 53,955 and 36,033, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, contingent shares of unvested restricted stock units of 28,865 and 29,918, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share of common stock because performance conditions had not yet been met.

(b)Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income represents all changes in stockholders' equity except those resulting from investments by or distributions to stockholders, and is comprised of net income and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, certain held-to-maturity securities transferred from the available-for-sale classification, and cash flow hedges, net of related taxes.

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), net of tax, by component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Table 1.3

The following table presents other comprehensive income activity, the impact on net income of amounts reclassified from each component of AOCI, and the related tax impact for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Table 1.4

(1)Represents amortization of deferred gains related to certain available-for-sale USDA Securities and Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities.

(2)Represents amortization of unrealized gain/loss reported in AOCI prior to the reclassification of certain securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, which occurred at fair value. The unrealized gain/loss will be amortized over the securities' remaining life with no impact on future net income.

(3)Relates to the recognition of unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges recorded in AOCI.

(1)Represents unrealized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities.

(2)Represents amortization of deferred gains related to certain available-for-sale USDA Securities and Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities.

(3)Represents amortization of unrealized gain/loss reported in AOCI prior to the reclassification of certain securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, which occurred at fair value. The unrealized gain/loss will be amortized over the securities' remaining life with no impact on future net income.

(4)Relates to the recognition of unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges recorded in AOCI.

(c)New Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance, Not Yet Adopted Within Our Consolidated Financial Statements

(d)Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of prior period information were made to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassifications of prior period information were not material to the consolidated financial statements.

2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Farmer Mac’s investment securities portfolio is comprised primarily of the following major security types, which is based on the issuer and associated security characteristics:

•U.S. Government guaranteed securities: single-family and multi-family mortgage-backed securities issued by Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) and pass-through securities issued by the Small Business Administration, which are guaranteed by the U.S. Government;

•U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise (“GSE”) guaranteed securities: single-family and multi-family mortgage-backed securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). GSE securities are not guaranteed by the U.S. government;

•U.S. Treasury Obligations: sovereign debt issued by the United States of America.

The following tables set forth information about Farmer Mac's available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 2.1

(1)Amounts presented exclude $30.9 million of accrued interest receivable on investment securities as of September 30, 2025.

(2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors.

(3)The held-to-maturity investment securities had a weighted average yield of 6.4% as of September 30, 2025.

(1)Amounts presented exclude $22.3 million of accrued interest receivable on investment securities as of December 31, 2024.

(2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors.

(3)The held-to-maturity investment securities had a weighted average yield of 6.4% as of December 31, 2024.

Farmer Mac didnot sell any securities from its available-for-sale or held-to-maturity investment portfolios during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Farmer Mac sold floating rate government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities for $115.2 million from its available-for-sale investment portfolio, resulting in a gain of $1.1 million. These sales were done to rebalance the liquidity investment portfolio given the lower level of business volume activity while demonstrating that the portfolio provides strong contingent liquidity.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:

Table 2.2

The unrealized losses presented above are principally due to a general widening of market spreads and changes in the levels of interest rates from the dates of acquisition to September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as applicable. The resulting decrease in fair values reflects an increase in the perceived risk by the financial markets related to those securities. As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all of the investment securities in an unrealized loss position either were backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, a GSE, or had credit ratings of at least "AAA."

Securities in unrealized loss positions for 12 months or longer have a fair value as of September 30, 2025 that is, on average, approximately 96.1% of their amortized cost basis. Farmer Mac believes that all of these unrealized losses are recoverable within a reasonable period of time by way of maturity, changes in credit spread, or changes in levels of interest rates.

The amortized cost, fair value, and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale investment securities by remaining contractual maturity as of September 30, 2025 are set forth below. Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities are included based on their final maturities, although the actual maturities may differ due to prepayments of the underlying assets.

Table 2.3

3. FARMER MAC GUARANTEED SECURITIES AND USDA SECURITIES

The following tables set forth information about on-balance sheet Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 3.1

(1)Amounts presented exclude $60.3 million and $48.5 million of accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, respectively, as of September 30, 2025.

(2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors.

(3)The fair value of $8.5 million relates to an interest-only security with a notional amount of $210.2 million.

(4)The trading USDA securities had a weighted average yield of 5.47% as of September 30, 2025.

(1)Amounts presented exclude $57.5 million and $59.8 million of accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, respectively, as of December 31, 2024.

(2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors.

(3)The fair value of $9.0 million relates to an interest-only security with a notional amount of $228.0 million.

(4)The trading USDA securities had a weighted average yield of 5.47% as of December 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unrealized losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity on-balance sheet Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities were as follows:

Table 3.2

The unrealized losses presented above are principally due to changes in interest rates from the date of acquisition to September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as applicable.

The credit exposure related to Farmer Mac's USDA Securities and Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities in the Agricultural Finance line of business is covered by the full faith and credit guarantee of the United States of America.

The unrealized losses from AgVantage securities were on 51 and 66 available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. There were 22 and 45 held-to-maturity AgVantage securities with an unrealized loss as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024,48 and 54 available-for-sale AgVantage securities had been in a loss position for more than 12 months, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 17 and 26 held-to-maturity AgVantage securities, respectively, in a loss position for more than 12 months.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Farmer Mac had no sales of Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities or USDA Securities, therefore, Farmer Mac realized no gains or losses.

The amortized cost, fair value, and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities by remaining contractual maturity as of September 30, 2025 are set forth below. The balances presented are based on their contractual maturities, although the actual maturities may differ due to prepayments of the underlying assets.

Table 3.3

(1)Amounts presented exclude $60.3 million of accrued interest receivable.

(1)Amounts presented exclude $48.5 million of accrued interest receivable.

4. FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES

Farmer Mac enters into financial derivative transactions to protect against risk from the effects of market price, or interest rate movements, on the value of certain assets, future cash flows, or debt issuance, and not for trading or speculative purposes. Certain financial derivatives are designated as fair value hedges of fixed rate assets, classified as available-for-sale, to protect against fair value changes in the assets related to changes in a benchmark interest rate (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR")). Certain other financial derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges to mitigate the volatility of future interest rate payments on floating rate debt. Certain financial derivatives are not designated in hedge accounting relationships.

Farmer Mac manages the interest rate risk related to loans it has committed to acquire, but has not yet permanently funded, primarily through the use of futures contracts involving U.S. Treasury securities. Farmer Mac aims to achieve a duration-matched hedge ratio between the hedged item and the hedge instrument. Gains or losses generated by these hedge transactions are expected to offset changes in funding costs. All financial derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value as a freestanding asset or liability.

The following tables summarize information related to Farmer Mac's financial derivatives on a gross basis without giving consideration to master netting arrangements. The table below includes accrued interest on cleared swaps, but excludes $23.1 million and $15.8 million of accrued interest receivable and $3.7 million and $4.9 million of accrued interest payable on uncleared swaps as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The aforementioned accrued interest on uncleared swaps is included within Accrued Interest Receivable and Accrued Interest Payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Table 4.1

(1)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow Farmer Mac to settle positive and negative positions, including accrued interest, held or placed with the same clearing agent.

(1)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow Farmer Mac to settle positive and negative positions, including accrued interest, held or placed with the same clearing agent.

As of September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac expects to reclassify $7.2 million after-tax from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings over the next twelve months related to cash flow hedges. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations, and the addition of other hedges after September 30, 2025.

The following tables summarize the net income/(expense) recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to derivatives for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Table 4.2

The following table shows the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedging relationships as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 4.3

(1)Amortized cost of $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2)Amortized cost of $6.0 billion and $5.8 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(3)Carrying amount represents amortized cost.

The following tables present the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, based on the terms of Farmer Mac's master netting arrangements as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 4.4

(1)Amounts presented may not agree to the consolidated balance sheet related to counterparties not subject to master netting agreements.

(2)Any over-collateralization at an individual clearing agent and/or counterparty level is not included in the determination of the net amount. As of September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac had additional net exposure of $232.9 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral to a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position and $15.5 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral from a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position.

(1)Any over-collateralization at an individual clearing agent and/or counterparty level is not included in the determination of the net amount. As of December 31, 2024, Farmer Mac had additional net exposure of $209.0 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral to a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position and $4.7 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral from a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position.

Farmer Mac records posted cash as a reduction in the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents and an increase in the balance of prepaid expenses and other assets. Any investment securities posted as collateral are included in the investment securities balances on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If Farmer Mac had breached certain provisions of the derivative contracts as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements, but would not have been required to post additional collateral. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there wereno financial derivatives in a net payable position where Farmer Mac was required to pledge collateral which the counterparty had the right to sell or repledge.

Of Farmer Mac's $24.6 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding as of September 30, 2025, $19.0 billion were cleared through the swap clearinghouse, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME"). Of Farmer Mac's $24.9 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding as of December 31, 2024, $19.1 billion were cleared through the CME.

5. LOANS

Farmer Mac classifies loans as either held for investment or held for sale. Loans held for investment are recorded at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premium or discount and other cost basis adjustments. Loans held for sale are reported at the lower of cost or fair value determined on a pooled basis.

Under the Agricultural Finance line of business, Farmer Mac hastwo segments – Farm & Ranch and Corporate AgFinance. The segments are characterized by similarities in risk attributes and the manner in which Farmer Mac monitors and assesses credit risk.

The following table includes loans held for investment and loans held for sale and displays the composition of the loan balances as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 5.1

(1)Unpaid principal balance is the basis of presentation in disclosures of outstanding balances for Farmer Mac's lines of business.

Allowance for Losses

The following table is a summary, by asset type, of the allowance for losses as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 5.2

The following is a summary of the changes in the allowance for losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Table 5.3

(1)As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the allowance for losses for Agricultural Finance Farm & Ranch loans includes $2.3 million and $1.2 million allowance for collateral dependent assets secured by agricultural real estate, respectively.

(2)As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the allowance for losses for Agricultural Finance Corporate AgFinance loans includes $1.0 million and $1.1 million allowance for collateral dependent assets secured by agricultural real estate, respectively.

(3)As of both September 30, 2025 and 2024, the allowance for losses for Infrastructure Finance loans includesno allowance for collateral dependent assets.

The $6.9 million net provision to the allowance for the Agricultural Finance mortgage loan portfolio during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 consisted of:

•$3.3 million related to estimated decreases in land values of specific properties affected by ground water issues in California;

•$4.9 million related to increased loss estimates on certain agricultural storage and processing substandard loans; and

•$1.0 million related to increases in loan volume.

These increases to the provision were partially offset by recoveries of $2.2 million related to permanent planting loans that were previously charged off.

During third quarter 2025, we charged off $4.4 million attributable to the amount that we deemed uncollectible related tothree borrowers.

The $0.7 million net provision to the allowance for the Infrastructure Finance portfolio during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to net volume growth and a credit downgrade on a single borrower within Broadband Infrastructure, partially offset by improved economic forecasts.

The $12.7 million net provision to the allowance for the Agricultural Finance mortgage loan portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to the factors noted above, along with credit downgrades and net volume growth.

The $4.4 million net provision to the allowance for the Infrastructure Finance portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to net volume growth and credit downgrades.

The $1.5 million net provision to the allowance for the Infrastructure Finance portfolio during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to net volume growth. The $1.9 million net provision to the allowance for the Agricultural Finance mortgage loan portfolio during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to risk rating downgrades.

The $0.2 million net provision to the allowance for the Infrastructure Finance portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to net volume growth. The $7.8 million net provision to the allowance for the Agricultural Finance mortgage loan portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to credit downgrades related totwo permanent planting borrower relationships and other risk rating downgrades.

The following table presents the unpaid principal balances by delinquency status of Farmer Mac's loans and non-performing assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 5.4

(1)Current loan amounts are presented based on contractual unpaid principal balance, while past due loan amounts are presented based on the recorded investment of the loan.

(2)Primarily consists of loans in consolidated trusts with beneficial interests owned by third parties (single-class) that are 90 days or more past due.

(3)Includes loans that are 90 days or more past due, in foreclosure, or in bankruptcy with at least one missed payment, excluding loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan.

(4)Includes $39.5 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no associated allowance. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac received $1.9 million and $5.0 million in interest on nonaccrual loans, respectively.

(1)Current loan amounts are presented based on contractual unpaid principal balance, while past due loan amounts are presented based on the recorded investment of the loan.

(2)Includes loans in consolidated trusts with beneficial interests owned (single-class) by third parties that are 90 days or more past due.

(3)Primarily consists of loans that are 90 days or more past due, in foreclosure, or in bankruptcy with at least one missed payment, excluding loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan.

(4)Includes $41.5 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no associated allowance. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Farmer Mac received $4.9 million in interest on nonaccrual loans.

Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present credit quality indicators related to Agricultural Finance mortgage loans and Infrastructure Finance loans held as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by year of origination:

Table 5.5

6. GUARANTEES AND COMMITMENTS

Farmer Mac has recorded a liability for its obligation to stand ready under our Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments ("LTSPCs") in the guarantee and commitment obligation on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents Farmer Mac's liability, the maximum principal amount of potential undiscounted future payments that Farmer Mac could be requested to make under all LTSPCs (excluding offsets from recourse provisions, third-party recoveries, or loan collateral), the weighted-average remaining maturity of loans underlying LTSPCs, and the amount of the reserve for losses for the periods indicated:

Table 6.1

7. NOTES PAYABLE

Farmer Mac's borrowings consist of discount notes and medium-term notes, both of which are unsecured general obligations of Farmer Mac. Discount notes generally have original maturities of 1 year or less, whereas medium-term notes generally have original maturities of 0.5 years to 25.0 years.

The following tables set forth information related to Farmer Mac's borrowings as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 7.1

The maximum amount of Farmer Mac's discount notes outstanding at any month end during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively.

Callable medium-term notes give Farmer Mac the option to redeem the debt at par value on a specified call date or at any time on or after a specified call date. The following table summarizes by maturity date the amounts and costs for Farmer Mac debt callable in 2025 as of September 30, 2025:

Table 7.2

The following schedule summarizes the earliest interest rate reset date, or debt maturities, of total borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2025, including callable and non-callable medium-term notes, assuming callable notes are redeemed at the initial call date:

Table 7.3

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Farmer Mac called $1.7 billion and $1.2 billion of callable medium-term notes, respectively.

Authority to Borrow from the U.S. Treasury

Farmer Mac's statutory charter authorizes it, upon satisfying certain conditions, to borrow up to $1.5 billion from the U.S. Treasury through the issuance of debt obligations to the U.S. Treasury. Any funds borrowed from the U.S. Treasury may be used solely to fulfill Farmer Mac's guarantee obligations. Any debt obligations issued by Farmer Mac under this authority would bear interest at a rate determined by the U.S. Treasury, taking into consideration the average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States as of the last day of the last calendar month ending before the date of the purchase of the obligations from Farmer Mac. The charter requires Farmer Mac to repurchase any of its debt obligations held by the U.S. Treasury within a reasonable time. As of September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac had not used this borrowing authority.

8. EQUITY

Common Stock

During each of the first, second, and third quarters 2025, Farmer Mac paid a quarterly dividend of $1.50 per share on all classes of its common stock. For each quarter in 2024, Farmer Mac paid a quarterly dividend of $1.40 per share on all classes of its common stock.

Preferred Stock

In August 2025, Farmer Mac issued 4.0 million shares of 6.500% non-cumulative perpetual Series H preferred stock, par value $25.00 per share. Farmer Mac incurred direct costs of $3.1 million related to the issuance of the Series H preferred stock. The dividend rate on the Series H preferred stock will remain at a non-cumulative, fixed rate of 6.500% per year, when, as, and if a dividend is declared by the Board of Directors of Farmer Mac, for so long as the Series H preferred stock remains outstanding. The Series H preferred stock has no maturity date, but Farmer Mac has the option to redeem the preferred stock at any time on any dividend payment date on and after October 17, 2030.

Capital Requirements

Farmer Mac is required to comply with the higher of the minimum capital requirement and the risk-based capital requirement. As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the minimum capital requirement was greater than the risk-based capital requirement. Farmer Mac's ability to declare and pay dividends could be restricted if it fails to comply with applicable capital requirements.

As of September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac's minimum capital requirement was $969.1 million and its core capital level was $1.7 billion, which was $723.4 million above the minimum capital requirement as of that date. As of December 31, 2024, Farmer Mac's minimum capital requirement was $917.6 million and its core capital level was $1.5 billion, which was $583.5 million above the minimum capital requirement as of that date.

In accordance with a rule of the Farm Credit Administration ("FCA") on Farmer Mac's capital planning, and as part of Farmer Mac's capital plan, Farmer Mac has adopted a policy for maintaining a sufficient level of Tier 1 capital (consisting of retained earnings, paid-in-capital, common stock, and qualifying preferred stock) and imposing restrictions on Tier 1-eligible dividends and any discretionary bonus payments in the event that this capital falls below specified thresholds.

9. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

Fair Value Classification and Transfers

The following tables present information about Farmer Mac's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques used by Farmer Mac to determine such fair value:

Table 9.1

(1)Level 3 assets represent 18% of total assets and 47% of financial instruments measured at fair value.

(1)Level 3 assets represent 18% of total assets and 48% of financial instruments measured at fair value.

There were no material assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Transfers in and/or out of the different levels within the fair value hierarchy are based on the fair values of the assets and liabilities as of the beginning of the reporting period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no transfers within the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present additional information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which Farmer Mac has used significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value. Net transfers in and/or out of Level 3 are based on the fair values of the assets and liabilities as of the beginning of the reporting period. There were no liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Table 9.2

The following tables present additional information about the significant unobservable inputs, such as discount rates and constant prepayment rates ("CPR"), used in the fair value measurements categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 9.3

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurements of AgVantage securities is the discount rate commensurate with the risks involved. Typically, significant increases (decreases) in this input in isolation may result in materially lower (higher) fair value measurements. Generally, in a rising interest rate environment, Farmer Mac would expect average discount rates to increase. Conversely, in a declining interest rate environment, Farmer Mac would expect average discount rates to decrease. CPR are not presented in the table above for AgVantage securities because they generally have fixed maturity dates when the secured general obligations are due and do not prepay.

Disclosures on Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table sets forth the estimated fair values and carrying values for financial assets, liabilities, and guarantees and commitments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 9.4

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of their approximate fair value and is classified as Level 1. The fair value of investments in U.S. Treasuries are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified as Level 1. A significant portion of Farmer Mac's investment portfolio is valued using a reputable nationally recognized third-party pricing service. The prices obtained are non-binding and generally representative of recent market trades and are classified as Level 2. Farmer Mac internally models the fair value of its loan portfolio, including loans held for investment and loans held for investment in consolidated trusts, Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities, and USDA Securities by discounting the projected cash flows of these instruments at projected interest rates. The fair values are based on the present value of expected cash flows using management's best estimate of certain key assumptions, which include prepayment speeds, forward yield curves and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. These fair value measurements do not take into consideration the fair value of the underlying property and are classified as Level 3. Financial derivatives primarily are valued using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments (or receipts) and the discounted expected variable cash receipts (or payments) and are classified as Level 2. The fair value of the guarantee fees receivable/obligation and debt securities of consolidated trusts are estimated based on the present value of expected future cash flows of the underlying mortgage assets using management's best estimate of certain key assumptions, which include prepayments speeds, forward yield curves, and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved and are classified as Level 3. Notes payable are valued by discounting the expected cash flows of these instruments using a yield curve derived from market prices observed for similar agency securities and are also classified as Level 3. Because the cash flows of Farmer Mac's financial instruments may be interest rate path dependent, estimated fair values and projected discount rates for Level 3 financial instruments are derived using a

Monte Carlo simulation model. Different market assumptions and estimation methodologies could significantly affect estimated fair value amounts.

10. BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING

Farmer Mac hasseven reportable segments: Farm & Ranch, Corporate AgFinance, Power & Utilities, Broadband Infrastructure, Renewable Energy, Funding, and Investments.

The Farm & Ranch segment includes the financial results of the USDA Securities portfolio, Farm & Ranch loans, and AgVantage securities secured by Farm & Ranch loans. The Corporate AgFinance segment includes loans and AgVantage securities to larger and more complex farming operations, agribusinesses focused on food and fiber processing, and other supply chain production.

The Power & Utilities segment includes loans to rural electric generation and transmission cooperatives and distribution cooperatives, as well as AgVantage securities secured by those types of loans. The Broadband Infrastructure segment includes loans to rural fiber, cable/broadband, tower, wireless, local exchange carrier, and data center projects. The Renewable Energy segment includes rural electric solar, wind, and gas projects.

The Funding segment includes the financial results of Farmer Mac's debt issuance, hedging, asset/liability management, and capital allocation strategies. Farmer Mac allocates interest expense to each of the other segments using a funds transfer pricing process. The Funding segment reflects the benefits and costs from Farmer Mac's funding and hedging strategies.

The Investments segment includes the financial results of Farmer Mac's investment portfolio, which is held for liquidity purposes. Interest expense is allocated to the Investments segment using the same funds transfer pricing process that is used to allocate interest expense to the other segments.

The following table presents Farmer Mac'sseven segments:

The Chief Executive Officer serves as the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The CODM reviews segment core earnings to make decisions about allocating resources and to assess the financial performance of the segments. The main difference between core earnings and net income is the exclusion of the effects of fair value fluctuations. These fluctuations are not expected to have a cumulative net impact on Farmer Mac's financial condition or results of operations reported in accordance with GAAP if the related financial instruments are held to maturity, as is expected. Another difference is that core earnings excludes specified infrequent or unusual transactions that are not indicative of future operating results and that may not reflect the trends and economic financial performance of Farmer Mac's core business. The CODM also looks at changes in the segments' on- and off-balance sheet unpaid paid principal balances to assess the performance of the segments.

The following tables present segment core earnings and assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Table 10.1

(2)Includes the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value, originally included in interest income, to reflect core earnings amounts; the reclassification of interest expense related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "Losses on financial derivatives" on the consolidated financial statements, to determine the effective funding cost for each operating segment; and excludes the fair value changes of financial derivatives and the corresponding assets or liabilities designated in fair value hedge accounting relationships.

(3)Includes the reclassification of interest income and interest expense from consolidated trusts owned by third parties to guarantee and commitment fees, to reflect management's view that the net interest income Farmer Mac earns is effectively a guarantee fee.

(2)Includes the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value, originally included in interest income, to reflect core earnings amounts; the reclassification of interest expense related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "Losses on financial derivatives" on the consolidated financial statements, to determine the effective funding cost for each operating segment; and excludes the fair value changes of financial derivatives and the corresponding assets or liabilities designated in fair value hedge accounting relationships.

(3)Includes the reclassification of interest income and interest expense from consolidated trusts owned by third parties to guarantee and commitment fees, to reflect management's view that the net interest income Farmer Mac earns is effectively a guarantee fee.

(2)Includes the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value, originally included in interest income, to reflect core earnings amounts; the reclassification of interest expense related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "Losses on financial derivatives" on the consolidated financial statements, to determine the effective funding cost for each operating segment; and excludes the fair value changes of financial derivatives and the corresponding assets or liabilities designated in fair value hedge accounting relationships.

(3)Includes the reclassification of interest income and interest expense from consolidated trusts owned by third parties to guarantee and commitment fees, to reflect management's view that the net interest income Farmer Mac earns is effectively a guarantee fee.

(2)Includes the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value, originally included in interest income, to reflect core earnings amounts; the reclassification of interest expense related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "Losses on financial derivatives" on the consolidated financial statements, to determine the effective funding cost for each operating segment; and excludes the fair value changes of financial derivatives and the corresponding assets or liabilities designated in fair value hedge accounting relationships.

(3)Includes the reclassification of interest income and interest expense from consolidated trusts owned by third parties to guarantee and commitment fees, to reflect management's view that the net interest income Farmer Mac earns is effectively a guarantee fee.

11. INCOME TAXES

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac purchased $24.2 million and $59.8 million, respectively, in renewable energy investment tax credits at prices that range from approximately $0.91 to $0.94 per $1.00 of credit. All of the tax credits purchased are with projects that have been placed into service. As a result of these purchases, Farmer Mac recognized a tax benefit of $1.5 million and $4.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.