FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORP

Farmer Mac is driven by its mission to increase the accessibility of financing to provide vital liquidity for American agriculture and infrastructure. Our secondary market provides liquidity to our nation's agricultural and infrastructure businesses, supporting a vibrant and strong rural America. We offer a wide range of solutions to help meet financial institutions’ growth, liquidity, risk management, and capital relief needs across diverse markets, including agriculture, agribusiness, broadband infrastructure, power and utilities, and renewable energy. We are uniquely positioned to facilitate competitive access to financing that fuels growth, innovation, and prosperity in America's rural and agricultural communities. Farmer Mac also serves as a critical investment tool for a number of entities – such as states, counties, municipalities, pension funds, banks, public trust funds, and credit unions – by offering investment opportunities that may diversify their investment portfolios and provide possibilities to earn a competitive return on their investment dollars.

During second quarter 2025, Farmer Mac:

•exceeded $30 billion in outstanding business volume;

•provided $2.1 billion in liquidity and lending capacity to lenders serving rural America;

•maintained strong liquidity in our investment portfolio well above regulatory requirements; and

•increased our strong capital position, well above regulatory requirements, and maintained uninterrupted access to the debt capital markets.

On August 5, 2025, Farmer Mac's board of directors revised the terms of the company's share repurchase program to increase the total authorized amount of repurchases from $9.8 million to $50 million and to extend the expiration date of the program to August 5, 2027.

The discussion below of Farmer Mac's financial information includes "non-GAAP measures," which are measures of financial performance not presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). For more information about the non-GAAP measures Farmer Mac uses, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Measures."

Net Income and Core Earnings

The following table shows our net income attributable to common stockholders and core earnings for the periods presented. Core earnings is a non-GAAP measure that differs from net income attributable to common stockholders by excluding the effects of fair value fluctuations and specified infrequent or unusual transactions.

Table 1

The $5.2 million sequential increase in net income attributable to common stockholders was primarily attributable to a $4.6 million after-tax increase in net interest income, a $3.2 million increase in federal income tax benefit from the purchase of renewable energy investment tax credits, and a $2.1 million after-tax increase in the fair value of financial derivatives. These increases were partially offset by a $4.9 million after-tax increase in the provision for credit losses.

The $8.9 million year-over-year increase in net income attributable to common stockholders was primarily attributable to a $7.5 million after-tax increase in net interest income, a $3.2 million increase in federal income tax benefit from the purchase of renewable energy investment tax credits, and a $1.5 million after-tax increase in the fair value of financial derivatives. These factors were partially offset by a $4.0 million after-tax increase in operating expenses and a $1.2 million after-tax increase in the provision for credit losses.

The $1.4 million sequential increase in core earnings was primarily attributable to a $3.1 million after-tax increase in net effective spread and a $3.2 million increase in federal income tax benefit from the purchase of renewable energy investment tax credits, partially offset by a $4.9 million after-tax increase in the provision for credit losses.

The $7.6 million year-over-year increase in core earnings was primarily attributable to a $8.1 million after-tax increase in net effective spread and a $3.2 million increase in federal income tax benefit from the purchase of renewable energy investment tax credits, partially offset by a $4.0 million after-tax increase in operating expenses and a $1.2 million after-tax increase in the provision for credit losses.

For more information about net income attributable to common stockholders, the composition of core earnings, and a reconciliation of net income attributable to common stockholders to core earnings, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations." For more information about the non-GAAP measures Farmer Mac uses, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Measures."

Net Interest Income and Net Effective Spread

The following table shows our net interest income and net effective spread in both dollars and percentage yield or spread for the periods presented. Farmer Mac uses net effective spread, a non-GAAP measure, as an alternative to net interest income because management believes it is a useful metric that reflects the economics of the net spread between all the assets owned by Farmer Mac and all related funding, including any associated derivatives, some of which may not be included in net interest income.

Table 2

The $5.9 million, or 5 basis points, sequential increase in net interest income was primarilydue to a $3.6 million increase from net new business volume and a $1.6 million increase in the fair value of derivatives designated in fair value hedge accounting relationships (designated financial derivatives).

The $9.5 million year-over-year increase in net interest income for second quarter 2025 compared to second quarter 2024 was primarily attributable to a $7.4 million increase from net new business volume.

The $3.9 million sequential increase in net effective spread was primarily attributable to a $3.6 million increase from net new business volume.

The $10.3 million, or 5 basis points, year-over-year increase in net effective spread for second quarter 2025 compared to second quarter 2024 was primarily due to a $7.4 million increase from net new business volume, a $1.4 million contribution from our Investments segment and a $1.4 million decrease in funding costs.

For more information about Farmer Mac's use of net effective spread as a financial measure, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Measures." For a reconciliation of net interest income to net effective spread, see Table 10 in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Net Interest Income."

Business Volume

Our outstanding business volume was $30.6 billion as of June 30, 2025, a net increase of $0.8 billion from March 31, 2025 after taking into account all new business, maturities, sales, and paydowns on existing assets. The net increase was primarily attributable to a net increase of $0.6 billion in the Infrastructure Finance line of business and $0.2 billion in the Agricultural Finance line of business.

For more information about Farmer Mac's business volume, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Business Volume."

Capital

Table 3

The increase in capital in excess of the minimum capital level required was primarily attributable to an increase in retained earnings, partially offset by the capital impact due to growth in total assets.

Credit Quality

During second quarter 2025, we recorded a charge-off of $2.8 million primarily related to two specific borrower relationships for a permanent planting loan and a crop loan to reflect the amount of each loan that we deemed uncollectible. The following table presents Agricultural Finance on- and off-balance sheet substandard assets, in dollars and as a percentage of the respective portfolio as of June 30, 2025, March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

Table 4

The decrease of $13.0 million in on-balance sheet substandard assets during second quarter was primarily driven by credit upgrades in crops and agricultural storage and processing, partially offset by downgrades in permanent plantings.

Substandard assets within the Infrastructure Finance portfolio increased from $42.2 million as of March 31, 2025 to $72.2 million as of June 30, 2025, primarily as a result of two borrowers that were downgraded to substandard during the quarter. One of the downgraded loans was a Renewable Energy solar project and the other was a Broadband Infrastructure loan.

For an analysis of current loan-to-value ratios across substandard and other internally assigned risk ratings, see Table 25 in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Risk Management—Credit Risk—Loans and Guarantees."

The following table pres ents 90-day delinquencies for the on- and off-balance sheet Agricultural Finance portfolios in dollars and as a percentage of the respective balance sheet category as of June 30, 2025, March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

Table 5

The decrease of $32.0 million and $2.1 million in on- and off-balance sheet Agricultural Finance assets, respectively, that are 90 or more days delinquent is primarily attributable to crops and permanent plantings. The top ten borrower exposures over 90 days delinquent in either the on- or off-balance sheet Agricultural Finance portfolio represented over half of the aggregate 90-day delinquencies as of June 30, 2025.

As of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no 90-day delinquencies in Farmer Mac's portfolio of Infrastructure Finance loan purchases and loans underlying Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments (“LTSPCs”).

For more information about Farmer Mac's credit metrics, including 90-day delinquencies, the total allowance for losses, and substandard assets, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Risk Management—Credit Risk—Loans and Guarantees."