CARNIVAL PLC
For the period ended Nov 30, 2023. Filed Jan 26, 2024.
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FY2023 · Filed Jan 26, 2024
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Item 8. REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Boards of Directors and Shareholders of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Carnival Corporation & plc (comprising Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries, the “Company”) as of November 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), of comprehensive income (loss), of shareholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of November 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for convertible instruments in 2023.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Debt
As described in Notes 2 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has current and long-term debt of $2.1 billion and $28.5 billion, respectively, as of November 30, 2023. Debt is recorded by management at initial fair value, which normally reflects the proceeds received, net of debt issuance costs. Debt is subsequently stated at amortized cost. Debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums are generally amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the debt. The Company’s Revolving Facility, New Revolving Facility, unsecured loans and export credit facilities contain certain covenants. If an event of default under any debt agreement occurs, then, pursuant to cross-default and/or cross-acceleration clauses, substantially all of the Company’s outstanding debt could become due, and the debt could be terminated. Management has taken actions to manage its debt by refinancing future debt maturities to extend maturity dates, reduce interest expense by repaying some existing indebtedness and obtaining relevant financial covenant amendments or waivers. As of November 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the applicable covenants under the debt agreements.
The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to debt is a critical audit matter is a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures related to the Company’s accounting, measurement and presentation of debt.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to debt, including issuances, repayments, amortization, covenant compliance, and disclosures. These procedures also included, among others, (i) reading the debt agreements and amendments; (ii) confirming all debt balances as of November 30, 2023; (iii) testing of debt proceeds by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as debt agreements and cash received; (iv) testing a sample of additions to debt issuance costs by obtaining and inspecting invoices; (v) testing a sample of debt repayments by obtaining and inspecting cash payments; (vi) recalculating a sample of amortization of debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums; (vii) developing an independent estimate of interest expense for certain debt instruments and comparing the independent estimate to management’s interest expense; (viii) recalculating a sample of interest expense; (ix) testing debt modifications and extinguishments by evaluating the accounting treatment and obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as debt agreements and amendments, lender statements, and cash payments; (x) evaluating the financial covenant calculations for consistency and compliance with the debt agreements; (xi) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the debt covenant calculations; and (xii) evaluating the sufficiency of the disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Miami, Florida
January 26, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2003. Prior to that, we served as Carnival Corporation’s auditor since at least 1986. We have not been able to determine the specific year we began serving as auditor of Carnival Corporation.
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