PARK NATIONAL CORP OH

PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 –Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements included in this report have been prepared for Park In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods included herein have been made. The results of operations for the three-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2024.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Therefore, they do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated condensed balance sheets, consolidated condensed statements of income, consolidated condensed statements of comprehensive income, consolidated condensed statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and consolidated condensed statements of cash flows in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA in Park's 2023 Form 10-K. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Park’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park’s 2023 Form 10-K. For interim reporting purposes, Park follows the same basic accounting policies, as updated by the information contained in this report, and considers each interim period an integral part of an annual period. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated condensed financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Note 2 -Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements and Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

The following is a summary of new accounting pronouncements impacting Park's consolidated condensed financial statements:

Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

No significant new pronouncements were adopted during the three months or nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

ASU 2023-06 - Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative: In October 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-06 - Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. ASU 2023-06 amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB ASC. ASU 2023-06 was issued in response to the SEC's August 2018 final rule that updated and simplified disclosure requirements. In the final rule, the SEC identified 27 disclosure requirements that were incremental to those in the ASC and referred them to the FASB for potential incorporation into US GAAP. To avoid duplication, the SEC intended to eliminate those disclosure requirements from existing SEC regulations if the FASB incorporated them into the relevant ASC subtopics. The disclosure requirements are currently included in either SEC Regulation S-X or SEC Regulation S-K. ASU 2023-06 adds 14 of the 27 identified disclosure or presentation requirements to the ASC.

For entities, like Park that are subject to the SEC's existing disclosure requirements, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The amendments are to be applied prospectively and, if by June 30, 2027 the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or S-K, the pending content of the related amendment will be removed from the ASC and will not become effective for any entity. Management intends to adopt the provisions of ASU 2023-06 on their respective effective dates. The adoption of the provisions of ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280) Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07 -Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 will require public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments' significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. Public entities will be required to disclose other segment items for each reportable segment and provide a description of its composition. Significant expense categories are derived from expenses that are regularly reported to an entity's chief operating decision-makers and included in a segments' reported measures of profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 will also require for an entity to disclose the title and position of the chief operating decision-maker and explain how the chief operating decision-maker uses the reported measures of profit or loss to assess segment performance. ASU 2023-07 also requires interim disclosures of certain segment-related disclosures that previously were required only on an annual basis and clarifies that entities with a single reportable segment are subject to both new and existing segment reporting requirements under Topic 280.

ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-07 requires entities to adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of the provisions of ASU 2023-07 is not expected to have an impact on Park's consolidated financial statements, but will impact disclosures.

ASU 2023-09- Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 will require entities to disclose more detailed information in the reconciliation of their statutory tax rate to their effective tax rate. ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose more detailed information about income taxes paid, including by jurisdiction.

ASU 2023-09 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The adoption of the provisions of ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have an impact on Park's consolidated financial statements, but will impact disclosures.

Note 3 –Investment Securities

Investment securities at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, were as follows:

Investment securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024, were as follows:

Investment securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023, were as follows:

At September 30, 2024, Park’s debt securities portfolio consisted of $1.1 billion of securities, $879.3 million of which were in an unrealized loss position with aggregate unrealized losses of $63.7 million. Of the $879.3 million of securities in an unrealized loss position, $787.5 million were in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer. Of the $63.7 million in unrealized losses, $48.2 million were related to Park's "Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities" and "U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities" portfolios. For non-agency debt securities, Park verified that the current credit ratings remain above investment grade. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the credit profile of each non-agency debt security and assesses whether any impairment to the contractually obligated cash flow is likely to occur. Based on these reviews, management has concluded that the underlying creditworthiness for each security remains sufficient to maintain required payment obligations and that changes in value are largely the result of changes in the yield curve, therefore, unrealized losses have not been recognized into net income. Management does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that management would be required to sell, the securities prior to their anticipated recovery in respect of the unrealized losses. Management believes the value will recover as the securities approach maturity or market interest rates change.

There wasno ACL recorded for debt securities AFS at either September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Additionally, for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there wereno credit-related investment impairment losses recognized.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt securities AFS at September 30, 2024, are shown in the following table by contractual maturity, except for asset-backed securities and collateral loan obligations, which are shown as a single total due to the unpredictability of the timing of principal repayments. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(1) The tax equivalent yield for certain obligations of state and political subdivisions includes the effect of a taxable equivalent adjustment using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate.

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, Park sold certain AFS debt securities with a book value of $31.2 million at a gross loss of $398,000. There wereno sales of debt securities AFS during the three month period ended September 30, 2024. There wereno sales of debt securities AFS during the three month or nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023.

Investment securities having a fair value of $724.7 million and $602.0 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were pledged to collateralize government and public fund deposits, to secure repurchase agreements and as collateral for FHLB advance borrowings.

Note 4 –Other Investment Securities

Other investment securities consist of restricted stock investments in the FHLB and the FRB, and equity securities. The restricted FHLB and FRB stock investments are carried at their redemption value. Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are carried at fair value. Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are recorded at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions ("modified cost"). Park's portfolio of equity investments in limited partnerships which provide mezzanine funding ("Partnership Investments") are valued using the NAV practical expedient in accordance with ASC 820.

The carrying amounts of other investment securities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

(1) There have been no impairments or downward adjustments made to equity investments carried at modified cost. Cumulatively, upward adjustments of $1.4 million have been recorded as a result of observable price changes. There were $571,000 in upward adjustments recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as a result of observable price changes. There were no adjustments recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2024 as a result of observable price changes. There were no adjustments recorded during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as a result of observable price changes.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, Park purchased 27,233 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $2.7 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Park purchased 92,245 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $9.2 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, Park purchased 122,296 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $12.2 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Park purchased 136,371 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $13.6 million.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the FHLB repurchased 23,548 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $2.4 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the FHLB repurchased 159,886 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $16.0 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the FHLB repurchased 10,002 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $1.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the FHLB repurchased 46,054 shares of FHLB stock with a book value of $4.6 million.

No shares of FRB stock were purchased or sold during the three months or nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, $700,000 and $74,000, respectively, of gains on equity investments carried at fair value were recorded within "Gain on equity securities, net" on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, $1.2 million and $(65,000), respectively, of gains (losses) on equity investments carried at fair value were recorded within "Gain on equity securities, net" on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, $857,000 and $924,000, respectively, of gains on equity investments carried at NAV were recorded within “Gain on equity securities, net” on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, $75,000 and $683,000, respectively, of gains on equity investments carried at NAV were recorded within “Gain on equity securities, net” on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

Note 5 –Loans

The composition of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 was as follows:

(1)Included within each of commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that were not broken out by class.

Loans are shown net of deferred origination fees, costs and unearned income of $20.2 million at September 30, 2024, and of $19.8 million at December 31, 2023, which represented a net deferred income position at both dates. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans included purchase accounting adjustments of $918,000 and $1.8 million, respectively, which represented a net deferred income position at each date. This fair market value purchase accounting adjustment is expected to be recognized into interest income on a level yield basis over the remaining expected life of the loans.

Overdrawn deposit accounts of $1.0 million and $1.5 million were reclassified to loans at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively.

Credit Quality

Nonperforming loans consist of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing.

The following tables present the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing, by class of loan, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following tables provide additional detail on nonaccrual loans and the related ACL, by class of loan, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Nonaccrual commercial loans are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation. Management’s general practice is to proactively charge down loans individually evaluated to the fair value of the underlying collateral. Nonaccrual consumer loans are collectively evaluated based on similar risk characteristics.

The following tables provide the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loan, at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023:

Interest income on nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for impairment is recognized on a cash basis only when Park expects to receive the entire recorded investment in the loans. The following table presents interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost in past due loans at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 by class of loan:

(1) Includes an aggregate of $3.6 million of loans past due 90 days or more and accruing. The remaining loans were past due nonaccrual loans.

(2) Includes an aggregate of $45.3 million of nonaccrual loans which were current with respect to contractual principal and interest payments.

(1) Includes an aggregate of $859,000 of loans past due 90 days or more and accruing. The remaining loans were past due nonaccrual loans.

(2) Includes an aggregate of $39.0 million of nonaccrual loans which were current with respect to contractual principal and interest payments.

Credit Quality Indicators

Management utilizes past due information as a credit quality indicator across the loan portfolio. Past due information at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is included in the previous tables. The past due information is the primary credit quality indicator within the following classes of loans: (1) overdrafts in the commercial, financial and agricultural portfolio segment; (2) retail loans in the construction real estate portfolio segment; (3) mortgage loans, HELOC and installment loans in the residential real estate portfolio segment; and (4) consumer loans and check loans in the consumer portfolio segment. The primary credit indicator for commercial loans is based on an internal grading system that grades all commercial loans on a scale from 1 to 8. Credit grades are continuously monitored by the responsible loan officer and adjustments are made when appropriate. A grade of 1 indicates little or no credit risk and a grade of 8 is considered a loss. Commercial loans that are pass-rated (graded a 1 through a 4) are considered to be of acceptable credit risk. Commercial loans graded a 5 (special mention) are considered to be watch list credits and a higher PD is applied to these loans. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that require management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of Park’s credit position at some future date. Commercial loans graded a 6 (substandard), also considered watch list credits, are considered to represent higher credit risk and, as a result, a higher PD is applied to these loans. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that Park will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected. Commercial loans graded a 7 (doubtful) are shown as nonaccrual and Park generally charges these loans down to their fair value by taking a partial charge-off or recording an individual reserve. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Certain 6-rated loans and all 7-rated loans are placed on nonaccrual status and included within the individually evaluated category. A commercial loan is deemed nonaccrual, and is individually evaluated, when management determines the borrower's ability to perform in accordance with the contractual loan agreement is in doubt. Any commercial loan graded an 8 (loss) is completely charged off.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of commercial loans by class of loans at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 are detailed in the tables below. Also included in the tables detailing loan balances are gross charge offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(1) Included within each of commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that are not broken out by class.

(1) Included within each of commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that are not broken out by class.

Park considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the ACL. For residential and consumer loan classes, Park also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by performing status. The following tables present the amortized cost in residential and consumer loans based on performing status and gross charge offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023. Nonperforming loans consisted of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing.

Loans and Leases Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

PCD loans are individually evaluated on a quarterly basis to determine if a reserve is necessary. At September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, there wasno ACL on PCD loans. The carrying amount of accruing loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 was $2.2 million and $2.8 million, respectively. The carrying amount of nonaccrual loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality was $548,000 and $534,000 at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Management identifies loans as modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and Park has altered the cash flow of the loan as part of a modification or in the loan renewal process. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of the borrower's debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed in accordance with the Company’s internal underwriting policy. Park modifies loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, a term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or an interest rate reduction.

In some cases, Park provides multiple types of modifications on one loan. Typically, one type of modification, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another modification, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For the loans included in the combination columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: a term extension, principal forgiveness, an other-than-insignificant payment delay and/or an interest rate reduction.

The starting point for the estimate of the ACL is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As a result, the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the ACL and a change to the ACL is generally not recorded upon modification. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged off against the ACL.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2024 and 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 by class and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below.

At September 30, 2024, Park had commitments to lend $2.8 million related to loans which were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Park closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of Park's modification efforts. The following table provides the performance of loans as of the period end date, of modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the twelve months preceding September 30, 2024:

There were $11,000 in loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had been modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that were 30-59 days past due as of September 30, 2023 in the commercial, financial, and agricultural loan portfolio segment.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that had a payment default subsequent to modification during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For this table, a loan is considered to be in default when it becomes 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms:

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans that had a payment default during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and were modified in the nine months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For this table, a loan is considered to be in default when it becomes 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms:

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans that had a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and were modified in the nine months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For this table, a loan is considered to be in default when it becomes 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms:

Upon the determination that a modified loan (or a portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is charged-off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amounts.

Note 6 –Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is an estimate of the expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, which is measured using relevant information about past events, including historical credit loss experience on financial assets with similar risk characteristics, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the remaining cash flows over the contractual term of the financial assets. A provision for credit losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of these and other pertinent factors.

During the first quarter of 2023, Park adopted ASU 2022-02. This standard was adopted using a modified retrospective transition method on January 1, 2023, resulting in a $383,000 increase to the ACL. A cumulative effect adjustment resulting in a $303,000 decrease to retained earnings and an $80,000 increase to deferred tax assets was also recorded as a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02.

Quantitative Considerations

The ACL is primarily calculated utilizing a DCF model. Key inputs and assumptions used in this model are discussed below:

•Forecast model - For each portfolio segment, a LDA was performed in order to identify appropriate loss drivers and create a regression model for use in forecasting cash flows. The LDA analysis utilized Park's own FFIEC Call Report data for the commercial, financial and agricultural and residential real estate portfolio segments. Peer data was incorporated into the analysis for the commercial real estate, construction real estate, and consumer portfolio segments. Park updated the LDA in the fourth quarter of 2023. Per review of the correlation of data and subsequent results, management refined the peer group in the LDA and maintained the exclusion of periods impacted by COVID-19. Management reviewed and considered the impact of the inclusion of periods impacted by COVID-19 as part of the LDA update, but the correlation of the inclusion of COVID-19 periods was lower.

•Probability of default – PD is the probability that an asset will be in default within a given time frame. Park has defined default to be when a charge-off has occurred, a loan is placed on nonaccrual, or a loan is greater than 90 days past due. Whenever possible, Park utilizes its own loan-level PDs for the reasonable and supportable forecast period. When loan-level data is not available reflecting the forecasted economic conditions, the LDA is utilized to estimate PDs. In all cases, the LDA is then utilized to determine the long-term historical average, which is reached over the reversion period.

•Loss given default – LGD is the percentage of the asset not expected to be collected due to default. Whenever possible, Park utilizes its own loan-level LGDs for the reasonable and supportable forecast period. When it is not possible to use Park's own LGDs, the LGD is derived using a method referred to as Frye Jacobs. In all cases, the Frye Jacobs method is utilized to calculate LGDs during the reversion period and long-term historical average.

•Prepayments and curtailments – Prepayments and curtailments are calculated based on Park’s own data utilizing a three-year average. This analysis is updated annually in the fourth quarter and was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Forecast and reversion – Park has established a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period with a one-year straight line reversion to the long-term historical average.

•Economic forecast - Park utilizes a third party to provide economic forecasts under various scenarios, which are weighted in order to reflect model risk in the current economic environment. The scenario weighting is evaluated by management on a quarterly basis.

◦As of December 31, 2023, the "most likely" scenario forecasted Ohio unemployment between 4.05% and 4.66% during the next four quarters. In determining the appropriate weighting of scenarios at December 31, 2023, management considered the range of forecasted unemployment as well as a number of economic indicators. The continued elevated levels of inflation, volatile levels of consumer confidence, continued elevated interest rates, financial system stress and geopolitical conflict (including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas) and stress in the commercial real estate sector, continued to cause uncertainty as to the overall economic environment. Considering these factors, management determined it was appropriate to maintain the existing weighting, and weigh the "most likely" scenario 50% and the "moderate recession" scenario 50% at December 31, 2023.

◦As of March 31, 2024, the "most likely" scenario forecasted Ohio unemployment between 4.31% and 4.79% during the next four quarters. In determining the appropriate weighting of scenarios at March 31, 2024, management considered the range of forecasted unemployment as well as a number of economic indicators. The continued elevated levels of inflation, volatile levels of consumer confidence, continued elevated interest rates, financial system stress and geopolitical conflict (including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas) and stress in the commercial real estate sector, continued to cause uncertainty as to the overall economic environment. Considering these factors, management determined it was appropriate to maintain the existing weighting, and weigh the "most likely" scenario 50% and the "moderate recession" scenario 50% at March 31, 2024.

◦As of June 30, 2024, the "most likely" scenario forecasted Ohio unemployment between 4.33% and 4.56% during the next four quarters. In determining the appropriate weighting of scenarios at June 30, 2024, management considered the range of forecasted unemployment as well as a number of economic indicators. The continued elevated levels of inflation, volatile levels of consumer confidence, continued elevated interest rates, financial system stress and geopolitical conflict (including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas) and stress in the commercial real estate sector, continued to cause uncertainty as to the overall economic environment. Considering these factors, management determined it was appropriate to maintain the existing weighting, and weigh the "most likely" scenario 50% and the "moderate recession" scenario 50% at June 30, 2024.

◦As of September 30, 2024, the "most likely" scenario forecasted Ohio unemployment between 4.64% and 4.70% during the next four quarters. In determining the appropriate weighting of scenarios at September 30,

2024, management considered the range of forecasted unemployment as well as a number of economic indicators. The low and volatile levels of consumer confidence, increased unemployment rates, the impact of elevated inflation for several years, the interest rate environment, financial system stress, and geopolitical conflict (including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas) and stress in the commercial real estate sector, continued to cause uncertainty as to the overall economic environment. Considering these factors, management determined it was appropriate to maintain the existing weighting, and weigh the "most likely" scenario 50% and the "moderate recession" scenario 50% at September 30, 2024.

Qualitative Considerations

Park reviews various internal and external factors to consider the need for any qualitative adjustments to the quantitative model. Factors considered include the following:

•The nature and volume of Park’s financial assets; the existence, growth, and effect of any concentrations of credit and the volume and severity of past due financial assets, the volume of nonaccrual assets, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded assets. Specifically, management considers:

◦Trends (e.g., growth, reduction) in specific categories of the loan portfolio, as well as adjustments to the types of loans offered by Park.

◦Level of and trend in loan delinquencies, troubled loans, commercial watch list loans and nonperforming loans.

◦Level of and trend in new nonaccrual loans.

◦Level of and trend in loan charge-offs and recoveries.

•Park's lending policies and procedures, including changes in lending strategies, underwriting standards and practices for collections, charge-offs, and recoveries.

•The quality of Park’s credit review function.

•The experience, ability, and depth of Park’s lending, investment, collection, and other relevant management and staff.

•The effect of other external factors such as the regulatory, legal and technological environments; competition; geopolitical conflict; and events such as natural disasters or pandemics.

•Actual and expected changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments in the markets in which Park operates that affect the collectability of financial assets.

•Where the U.S. economy is within a given credit cycle.

•The extent that there is government assistance (stimulus).

Qualitative adjustments amounted to $2.1 million and $417,000 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Qualitative adjustments at September 30, 2024 included a $1.7 million reserve related to Hurricane Helene which impacted borrowers in Park's Carolina region. This reserve considers the overall population of loans to borrowers in this area as well as industries in which commercial borrowers operate. Management will continue to evaluate potential losses as a result of Hurricane Helene as additional information becomes available

ACL Activity

The activity in the ACL for the three-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is summarized in the following tables:

ACL Summary

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment in the following tables include all performing loans at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, as well as nonperforming loans internally classified as consumer loans. Nonperforming consumer loans are not typically individually evaluated for impairment, but receive a portion of the statistical allocation of the ACL. Loans individually evaluated for impairment include all internally classified commercial nonaccrual loans which are individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with U.S. GAAP (see Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to consolidated financial statements included in Park’s 2023 Form 10-K).

The composition of the ACL at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 was as follows:

Note 7 –Loans Held For Sale

Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at their fair value. At September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively, Park had $5.0 million and $3.2 million in mortgage loans held for sale. These amounts are included in loans on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets and in the residential real estate loan portfolio segment in Note 5 - Loans, and Note 6 - Allowance for Credit Losses. The contractual balance was $4.9 million and $3.2 million at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively. The gain expected upon sale was $82,000 and $53,000 at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively. None of these loans were 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2024 or at December 31, 2023.

Note 8 –Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table shows the activity in goodwill and other intangible assets for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Park evaluates goodwill for impairment during the second quarter of each year, with financial data as of the immediately prior March 31. Based on the qualitative analysis performed as of April 1, 2024, the Company determined that goodwill for Park's reporting unit, PNB, was not impaired.

Acquired Intangible Assets

The following table shows the balance of acquired intangible assets at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023:

Core deposit intangible assets are being amortized, on an accelerated basis, over a period of ten years. Aggregate amortization expense was $287,000 and $334,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and was $927,000 and $989,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense related to core deposit intangible assets for the remainder of 2024 and the next four years follows:

Note 9 –Investment in Qualified Affordable Housing

Park makes certain equity investments in various limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects. The purposes of these investments are to achieve a satisfactory return on capital, help create affordable housing opportunities, and assist the Company to achieve its goals associated with the Community Reinvestment Act.

The table below details the balances of Park’s affordable housing tax credit investments and related unfunded commitments at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Commitments are funded when capital calls are made by the general partner. Park expects that the current commitments will be funded between the remainder of 2024 through 2039.

Park recognized amortization expense of $2.1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and $6.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, which were included within the provision for income taxes. Additionally, during each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Park recognized tax credits and other benefits from its affordable housing tax credit investments of $2.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, recognized $7.9 million and $7.6 million respectively, which were included within the provision for income taxes.

Note 10 –Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets

Park typically transfers a loan to OREO at the time that Park takes deed/title to the real estate property asset. The carrying amounts of foreclosed real estate properties held at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are listed below, as well as the recorded investment of loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at those dates.

In addition to real estate, Park may also repossess different types of collateral. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Park had $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, in other repossessed assets which are included in "Other assets" on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

Note 11 –Loan Servicing

Park serviced sold mortgage loans of $1.87 billion at September 30, 2024, $1.93 billion at December 31, 2023 and $1.96 billion at September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2024, $2.6 million of the sold mortgage loans were sold with recourse, compared to $2.9 million at December 31, 2023 and $3.0 million at September 30, 2023. Management closely monitors the delinquency rates on the mortgage loans sold with recourse. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, management had established reserves of $50,000 and $54,000, respectively, to account for expected losses on loan repurchases.

When Park sells mortgage loans with servicing rights retained, these servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value. Park has selected the “amortization method” as permissible within U.S. GAAP, whereby the servicing rights capitalized are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated future servicing income with respect to the underlying loan. At the end of each reporting period, the carrying value of MSRs is assessed for impairment with a comparison to fair value. MSRs are carried at the lower of their amortized cost or fair value. The amortization of MSRs is included within "Other service income" in the consolidated condensed statements of income.

Activity for MSRs and the related valuation allowance follows:

Servicing fees included in "Other service income" were $1.2 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and were $3.7 million and $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 12 -Leases

Park is a lessee in several noncancellable operating lease arrangements, primarily for retail branches, administrative and warehouse buildings, ATMs, and certain office equipment within its Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Kentucky markets. Certain of these leases contain renewal options for periods ranging from one year to five years. Park’s leases generally do not include termination options for either party to the lease or restrictive financial or other covenants. Payments due under the lease arrangements include fixed payments plus, for many of Park’s real estate leases, variable payments such as Park's proportionate share of property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance.

Park's operating lease ROU asset and lease liability are presented in “Operating lease ROU asset" and "Operating lease liability," respectively, on Park's Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The carrying amounts of Park's ROU asset and lease liability at September 30, 2024 were $16.2 million and $17.3 million, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the carrying amounts of Park's ROU asset and lease liability were $15.7 million and $16.6 million, respectively. Park's operating lease expense is recorded in "Occupancy expense" on the Company's Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

Other information related to operating leases for the three-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 follows:

Park's operating leases had a weighted average remaining term of 9.8 years and 10.1 years at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively. The weighted average discount rate of Park's operating leases was 3.8% and 3.5% at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively.

Undiscounted cash flows included in lease liabilities have expected contractual payments as follows:

(1) Includes a tenant improvement allowance of $524,000 related to the reimbursement of leasehold expenditures.

Note 13 –Repurchase Agreement Borrowings

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ("repurchase agreements") with customers represent funds deposited by customers, generally on an overnight basis, that are collateralized by investment securities owned by Park. Repurchase agreements with customers are included in "Short-term borrowings" on the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

All repurchase agreements are subject to terms and conditions of repurchase/security agreements between Park and the customer and are accounted for as secured borrowings. Park's repurchase agreements consist of customer accounts and securities which are pledged on an individual security basis.

At September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, Park's repurchase agreement borrowings totaled $87.4 million and $108.2 million, respectively. These borrowings were collateralized with U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities with a fair value of $144.1 million and $180.8 million at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively. Declines in the value of the collateral would require Park to pledge additional securities. At September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, Park had $550.4 million and $847.5 million, respectively, of available unpledged securities.

The table below shows the remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements by collateral pledged at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023:

Note 14 -Derivatives

Park uses certain derivative financial instruments (or "derivatives") to meet the needs of Park's customers while managing the interest rate risk associated with certain transactions. Park does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. A summary of derivative financial instruments utilized by Park follows.

Interest Rate Swaps

Park utilizes interest rate swap agreements (or "interest rate swaps") as part of its asset-liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position and as a means to meet the financing, interest rate and other risk management needs of qualifying commercial banking customers. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent the amount exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.

In conjunction with the Carolina Alliance acquisition, Park acquired interest rate swaps related to certain commercial loans. Simultaneously with borrowers entering into interest rate swaps, Carolina Alliance entered into offsetting interest rate swaps executed with a third party, such that Carolina Alliance minimized its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. These interest rate swaps had a notional amount totaling $15.8 millionand$18.2 million at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively.

All of the Company's interest rate swaps were determined to be fully effective during each of thethree-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. As such, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. Therefore, the aggregate fair value of the interest rate swaps is recorded in "Other assets" and "Other liabilities" with changes in fair value recorded in "Other comprehensive income (loss)". The amount included in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax" would be reclassified to net income should the hedges no longer be considered effective. Park expects the outstanding hedges to remain fully effective during the remaining respective terms of the interest rate swaps.

Summary information about Park's interest rate swaps at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 follows:

The following table reflects the interest rate swaps included in the consolidated condensed balance sheets at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free-standing derivatives. In order to hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans, the Company enters into forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans when interest rate locks are entered into. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated as hedge relationships. The fair value of an interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. Fair values of these mortgage banking derivatives are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date the interest on the loan is locked. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in "Other service income" in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

At September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, Park had $6.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively, of interest rate lock commitments. The fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives was reflected by a derivative asset of $131,000 and $87,000 at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other Derivatives

In connection with the sale of Park’s Class B Visa shares during 2009, Park entered into a swap agreement with the purchaser of the shares. The swap agreement adjusts for dilution in the conversion ratio of Class B Visa shares resulting from certain Visa litigation. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the swap agreement liability of$623,000 and $123,000, respectively, represented an estimate of the exposure based upon probability-weighted potential Visa litigation losses.

Note 15 –Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Other comprehensive income (loss) components, net of tax, are shown in the following table for the three-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following table provides information concerning amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Note 16 –Earnings Per Common Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Park awarded 59,165 PBRSUs and 54,698 PBRSUs to certain employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. No PBRSUs were awarded during either of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Park repurchased an aggregate of 50,000 and 199,000 common shares during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, to fund the PBRSUs, the TBRSUs and the common shares to be awarded to directors of Park and to directors of Park's subsidiary PNB (and its divisions) as well as pursuant to Park's previously announced stock repurchase authorizations. No common shares were repurchased during the three months or the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Note 17 -Share-Based Compensation

The 2017 Employees LTIP was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 23, 2017 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 24, 2017. The 2017 Employees LTIP makes equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to employee participants in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards. Under the 2017 Employees LTIP,750,000 common shares are authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2017 Employees LTIP. The common shares to be delivered under the 2017 Employees LTIP are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. At September 30, 2024,240,835 common shares were available for future grants under the 2017 Employees LTIP.

The 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 23, 2017 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 24, 2017. The 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP makes equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to non-employee director participants in the form of nonqualified stock options, SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards, and cash-based awards. Under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP,150,000 common shares are authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP. The common shares to be delivered under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. At September 30, 2024,60,000 common shares were available for future grants under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Park granted awards of PBRSUs, under the 2017 Employees LTIP, covering an aggregate of 59,165 common shares and 54,698 common shares, respectively, to certain employees of Park and its subsidiaries. No awards were granted during either of the three months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

At September 30, 2024, Park reported 186,020 nonvested PBRSUs. The number of PBRSUs earned or settled will depend on the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria over a three-year period. The PBRSUs are also subject to subsequent service-based vesting.

A summary of changes in the common shares subject to nonvested PBRSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 follows:

(1) The number of PBRSUs earned depends on the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria. Adjustment herein, if any, represents the difference between the maximum number of common shares which could be earned and the actual number earned for those PBRSUs as to which the performance period was completed.

(2) Nonvested amount herein represents the maximum number of nonvested PBRSUs. As of September 30, 2024, an aggregate of 184,596 PBRSUs were expected to vest.

A summary of awards vested during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 follows:

Share-based compensation expense of $1.6 million and $1.3 million was recognized for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and share-based compensation expense of $4.9 million and $5.4 million was recognized for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table details expected additional share-based compensation expense related to PBRSUs outstanding at September 30, 2024:

Note 18 –Benefit Plans

Park has a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the "Pension Plan") covering substantially all of its employees. The Pension Plan provides benefits based on an employee’s years of service and compensation.

There wereno Pension Plan contributions for any of the three-month or the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 or 2023. Additionally, no contributions are expected to be made during the remainder of 2024.

The following table shows the components of net periodic pension benefit income:

During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, Park recognized a $5.8 million pension settlement gain due to a combination of lump sum payouts as well as the purchase of a nonparticipating annuity contract which will provide ongoing benefits to vested participants. To calculate the gain, the PBO was remeasured as of September 30, 2024. In calculating the September 30, 2024 PBO, a discount rate of 5.17% was used which was a 3 basis point increase from the discount rate utilized to calculate the December 31, 2023 PBO. There were no changes from December 31, 2023 to the assumptions utilized for the long-term rate of return on plan assets, salaries increases, turnover rates or mortality. There was no pension settlement gain recognized during the three months or the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Park has entered into Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreements (the “SERP Agreements”) with certain key officers of Park and its subsidiaries which provide defined pension benefits in excess of limits imposed by federal tax law. The expense for the Corporation related to the SERP Agreements for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

Note 19 –Fair Value

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that Park uses to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that Park has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

•Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market date.

•Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect Park's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. This could include the use of internally developed models, financial forecasting and similar inputs.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date. When possible, the Company looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets or liabilities. When identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, the Company looks to observable market data for similar assets and liabilities. However, certain assets and liabilities are not traded in observable markets and Park must use other valuation methods to develop a fair value. The fair value of individually evaluated collateral dependent loans is typically based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is estimated through third-party appraisals in accordance with Park's valuation requirements under its commercial and real estate loan policies.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of the financial assets and financial liabilities discussed above:

Fair value swap: The fair value of the swap agreement entered into with the purchaser of the Visa Class B shares represents an internally developed estimate of the exposure based upon probability-weighted potential Visa litigation losses and is classified as Level 3.

Interest rate swaps: The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Investment securities: Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices, where available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using DCF (Level 3).

Mortgage interest rate lock commitments: Mortgage IRLCs are based on current secondary market pricing and are classified as Level 2.

Mortgage loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at their fair value. Mortgage loans held for sale are estimated using market prices for similar product types and, therefore, are classified in Level 2.

The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 inputs for the three-month and the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, for financial instruments measured on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3:

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as described below:

Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans: When a loan is individually evaluated, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Collateral dependent loans which are individually evaluated and carried at fair value have been partially charged off or receive allocations of the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is generally based on real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Collateral is then adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and the customer’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. Additionally, valuations for all collateral dependent loans are updated annually, either through independent valuations by a licensed appraiser or a VOV performed by an internal licensed appraiser, in accordance with Company policy. A VOV can only be used in select circumstances and verifies that the original appraised value has not deteriorated through property inspection, consideration of market conditions, and performance of all valuation methods utilized in a prior valuation.

Loans individually evaluated for impairment include all internally classified commercial nonaccrual loans.

OREO: Assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired. The carrying value of OREO is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis, but is subject to fair value adjustments when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, less estimated selling costs. Fair value is based on recent real estate appraisals and is updated at least annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both individually evaluated collateral dependent loans and OREO are performed by licensed appraisers. Appraisals are generally obtained to support the fair value of collateral. In general, there are three types of appraisals received by the Company: real estate appraisals, income approach appraisals, and lot development loan appraisals. These are discussed below:

•Real estate appraisals typically incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties. Appraisers may make adjustments to the sales prices of the comparable properties as deemed appropriate based on the age, condition or general characteristics of the subject property. Management generally applies a 15% discount to real estate appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs). This 15% discount is based on historical discounts to appraised values on sold OREO.

•Income approach appraisals typically incorporate the annual net operating income of the business divided by an appropriate capitalization rate, as determined by the appraiser. Management generally applies a 15% discount to income approach appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs).

•Lot development loan appraisals are typically performed using a DCF analysis. Appraisers determine an anticipated absorption period and a discount rate that takes into account an investor’s required rate of return based on recent comparable sales. Management generally applies a 6% discount to lot development appraised values, which is an additional discount above the net present value calculation included in the appraisal, to account for selling costs.

MSRs: MSRs are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. MSRs do not trade in active, open markets with readily observable prices. For example, sales of MSRs do occur, but precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available. As such, management, with the assistance of a third-party specialist, determines fair value based on the discounted value of the future cash flows estimated to be received. Significant inputs include the discount rate and assumed prepayment speeds. The calculated fair value is then compared to market values where possible to ascertain the reasonableness of the valuation in relation to current market expectations for similar products. Accordingly, MSRs are classified as Level 2.

The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans secured by real estate are carried at fair value if they have been charged down to fair value or if a specific valuation allowance has been established. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no PCD loans carried at fair value. A new cost basis is established at the time a property is initially recorded in OREO. OREO are carried at fair value if a devaluation has been taken with respect to the property's value subsequent to the initial measurement.

The following table provides additional detail on those individually evaluated loans which are recorded at fair value as well as the remaining individually evaluated loan portfolio not included above. The remaining individually evaluated loans consist of 1) loans which are not collateral dependent, 2) loans which are not secured by real estate, and 3) loans carried at cost as the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows on each of the loans exceeded the book value for each respective credit.

The expense from credit adjustments related to individually evaluated loans carried at fair value was $14,000 and $275,000 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $71,000 and $933,000 for thenine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

MSRs totaled $14.1 million at September 30, 2024. Of this $14.1 million MSR carrying balance, $0.5 million was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $28,000. The remaining $13.6 million was recorded at cost, as the fair value exceeded cost at September 30, 2024. At December 31, 2023, MSRs totaled $14.7 million. Of this $14.7 million MSR carrying balance, $0.9 million was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $94,000. The remaining $13.8 million was recorded at cost, as the fair value exceeded cost at December 31, 2023. There wasno income or expense related to MSRs carried at fair value during the three-month period ended September 30, 2024. The income related to MSRs carried at fair value during the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 was and $16,000, and was $66,000 and $97,000 for thenine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Total OREO held by Park at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. At both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 there was $938,000 of OREO held by Park that was carried at fair value due to fair value adjustments made subsequent to the initial OREO measurement. There wasno expense related to OREO fair value adjustments for the three-month or thenine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 or the three-month period ended September 30, 2023. The net expense related to OREO fair value adjustments was $77,000 for thenine-month period ended September 30, 2023.

The following tables present qualitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Assets Measured at Net Asset Value:

Park's portfolio of Partnership Investments is valued using the NAV practical expedient in accordance with ASC 820.

At September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, Park had Partnership Investments with a NAV of $30.8 million and $27.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, Park had $19.8 million and $18.4 million, respectively, in unfunded commitments related to these Partnership Investments. For thethree-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Park recognized income of $857,000 and $924,000, respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Park recognized income of $75,000 and $683,000, respectively, related to these Partnership Investments.

Fair Value Balance Sheet:

The fair value of certain financial instruments at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023, was as follows:

(1) Includes debt securities AFS.

(2) Excludes FHLB stock and FRB stock which are carried at their respective redemption values, investment securities accounted for at modified cost as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value, and Partnership Investments valued using the NAV practical expedient.

(1) Includes debt securities AFS.

(2) Excludes FHLB stock and FRB stock which are carried at their respective redemption values, investment securities accounted for at modified cost as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value, and Partnership Investments valued using the NAV practical expedient.

Note 20 -Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All of Park's revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within "Other income" in the consolidated condensed statements of income. All of Park's operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable segment.

The following table presents the Corporation's sources of other income by revenue stream for thethree-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023:

(1) "Other Service Income" totaled $3.0 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Of this aggregate revenue approximately $1.4 million and $1.3 million was within the scope of ASC 606, with the remaining $1.6 million and $1.3 million consisting primarily of certain residential real estate loan fees which were out of scope for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2) Not within the scope of ASC 606.

(3) "Miscellaneous Income" included brokerage income, safe deposit box rentals, gains/losses on asset sales and miscellaneous bank fees totaling $1.9 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, all of which were within the scope of ASC 606.

(1) "Other Service Income" totaled $8.5 million and $8.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Of this aggregate revenue approximately $4.0 million and $4.1 million was within the scope of ASC 606, with the remaining $4.5 million and $3.9 million consisting primarily of certain residential real estate loan fees which were out of scope for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2) Not within the scope of ASC 606.

(3) "Miscellaneous Income" included brokerage income, safe deposit box rentals, gains/losses on asset sales and miscellaneous bank fees totaling $4.7 million and $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, all of which were within the scope of ASC 606.

A description of Park's material revenue streams accounted for under ASC 606 follows:

Income from fiduciary activities (gross): Park earns fiduciary fee income and investment brokerage fees from its contracts with trust customers for various fiduciary and investment-related services. These fees are earned over time as the Company provides the contracted monthly and quarterly services and are generally assessed based on the market value of the trust assets.

Service charges on deposit accounts and ATM fees: The Corporation earns fees from the Corporation's deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Fees for transaction-based services, which include services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering fees, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Corporation fulfills the customer's request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are generally recognized at the end of the month, representing the period over which the Corporation satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer's account balance.

Other service income: Other service income includes income from (1) the sale and servicing of loans sold to the secondary market, (2) incentive income from third-party credit card issuers, and (3) loan customers for various loan-related activities and services. Income related to the sale and servicing of loans sold to the secondary market is included within "Other service income", but is not within the scope of ASC 606. Services that fall within the scope of ASC 606 are recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the Company's performance obligation to the customer.

Debit card fee income: Park earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted primarily through the Visa payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, net of card network fees, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.