ITRON, INC.

March 31, 2026

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms "we", "us", "our", "Itron", and the "Company" refer to Itron, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Financial Statement Preparation

The consolidated financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are unaudited and reflect entries necessary for the fair presentation of the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, and the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, of Itron, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All entries required for the fair presentation of the financial statements are of a normal recurring nature, except as disclosed. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year or for any other period.

Certain information and notes normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been partially or completely omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regarding interim results. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC in our Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 17, 2026 (2025 Annual Report). There have been no significant changes in financial statement preparation or significant accounting policies since December 31, 2025.

Risks and Uncertainties

Global economic impacts, such as pandemics and various ongoing conflicts around the world, may create disruption in customer demand and global supply chains, resulting in market volatility, which our management continues to monitor. In the aftermath of these types of events, global supply chains, including labor, may struggle to keep pace with rapidly changing demand. Temporary imbalance in supply and demand may create business uncertainties that include increased costs and lack of availability. Efforts continue with suppliers to improve supply resiliency, including the approval of alternative sources. Additionally, inflation in our raw materials and component costs, freight charges, sanctions, tariffs, and labor costs may increase above historical levels due to, among other things, the continuing impacts of an uncertain economic environment. We may or may not be able to fully recover these increased costs through pricing actions with our customers. Currently, we have not identified any significant decrease in long-term customer demand for our products and services.

While we have limited direct business exposure in areas with current conflict, such as Ukraine or Iran, military actions globally and any resulting sanctions or tariffs could adversely affect the global economy, as well as further disrupt the supply chain. A major disruption in the global economy and supply chain could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The extent and duration of military action, sanctions, tariffs, and resulting market and/or supply disruptions are impossible to predict but could be substantial, and our management continues to monitor these events closely.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2024-04, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments. The new guidance clarifies the accounting for modifications to conversion features when evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an induced conversion or extinguishment of convertible debt. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We will utilize this guidance for any future induced conversions or extinguishments of our convertible notes. At this time, we do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which modernizes the internal-use software guidance that is accounted for under Subtopic 350-40. The amendments eliminate the previous stage-based model (preliminary project stage, application development stage, and post-implementation stage) and replaces it with a principles-based approach that better aligns with modern software development practice, including agile and iterative methodologies. Under the new guidance, entities may begin capitalizing internal-use software development costs when (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (2) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) also supersedes the separate guidance on website development costs guidance and incorporate it into the internal-use software framework. Effective January 1, 2026, we early adopted ASU 2025-06 on a prospective basis for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2026, including interim periods. We do not expect the guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The new guidance is intended to enhance transparency and disclosures by requiring public business entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The FASB further clarified the effective date in January 2025 with the issuance of ASU 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date. The ASU is effective for our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2027, and for interim reporting periods beginning in the first quarter of 2028, with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The ASU adds a new scope exception from derivative accounting for non-exchange-traded contracts with underlyings that are based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract. The ASU also clarifies that when an entity has a right to receive a share-based payment from its customer in exchange for the transfer of goods or services, the share-based payment should be accounted for as noncash consideration within the scope of ASC 606. ASU 2025-07 is effective for us beginning with our interim financial reports for the first quarter of 2027. This standard is not expected to have any significant impact on our results of operations, financial position, cash flow, or related disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which is intended to improve the navigability of the guidance in ASC 270, Interim Reporting, and clarify when it applies. Under the amendment, an entity is subject to ASC 270 if it provides interim financial statements and notes in accordance with GAAP. The amendment also addresses the form and content of such financial statements, interim disclosures requirements, and establishes a principle under which an entity must disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. ASU 2025-11 is effective for our interim financial reports for the first quarter of 2028, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 2: Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS):

Stock-based Awards

For stock-based awards, the dilutive effect is calculated using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the dilutive effect is computed as if the awards were exercised at the beginning of the period (or at time of issuance, if later) and assumes the related proceeds were used to repurchase our common stock at the average market price during the period. Related proceeds include the amount the employee must pay upon exercise and the future compensation cost associated with the stock award. Approximately 120,000 and 16,000 stock-based awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 because they were anti-dilutive. These stock-based awards could be dilutive in future periods.

Convertible Notes and Share Hedges

2021 Notes, Warrants and Call Option Transactions

In conjunction with the issuance of our 2021 Notes, which were fully repaid on March 16, 2026, we sold warrants to purchase 3.7 million shares of Itron common stock. The warrants have a strike price of $180.00 per share. For calculating the dilutive effect of the warrants, we use the treasury stock method. With this method, we assume exercise of the warrants at the beginning of the period, or at time of issuance if later, and the issuance of common stock upon exercise. Proceeds from the exercise of the warrants are assumed to be used to repurchase shares of our stock at the average market price during the period. The incremental shares, representing the number of shares assumed to be exercised with the warrants less the number of shares repurchased, are included in diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. For periods where the warrants strike price of $180.00 per share is greater than the average share price of Itron stock for the period, the warrants would be anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the quarterly average closing prices of our common stock did not exceed the warrant strike price, and therefore 3.7 million shares were considered anti-dilutive for GAAP. The warrants will fully expire in October 2026.

2024 Notes and Capped Call Transactions

For our convertible notes issued in June 2024 (the 2024 Notes), the dilutive effect is calculated using the if-converted method. We are required, pursuant to the indenture governing our convertible notes, to settle the principal amount of the convertible notes in cash and may elect to settle the remaining conversion obligation (stock price in excess of conversion price) in cash, shares, or a combination thereof. Under the if-converted method, we include the number of shares required to satisfy the remaining conversion obligation, assuming all the convertible notes were converted. The average closing prices of our common stock for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 were used as the basis for determining the dilutive effect on EPS. The quarterly average closing prices for our common stock did not exceed the conversion price of $131.24, and therefore all associated shares were anti-dilutive.

In connection with the issuance of the 2024 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the 2024 capped call transactions) on our common stock with certain commercial banks. The 2024 capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those in the 2024 Notes, approximately 6.1 million shares of our common stock, the same number of shares initially underlying the convertible notes, at a strike price of approximately $131.2353, subject to customary adjustments. The cap price of the 2024 capped call transactions will initially be $205.86 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported stock price per share of the Company's common stock on June 17, 2024, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 2024 capped call transactions. The 2024 capped call transactions will expire upon the maturity of the 2024 Notes, subject to earlier exercise or termination. Exercise of the 2024 capped call transactions would reduce the number of shares of our common stock outstanding and therefore would be anti-dilutive.

2026 Notes and Capped Call Transactions

For our convertible notes issued in February 2026 (the 2026 Notes), the dilutive effect is calculated using the if-converted method. We are required, pursuant to the indenture governing our convertible notes, to settle the principal amount of the convertible notes in cash and may elect to settle the remaining conversion obligation (stock price in excess of conversion price) in cash, shares, or a combination thereof. Under the if-converted method, we include the number of shares required to satisfy the remaining conversion obligation, assuming all the convertible notes were converted. The average closing prices of our common stock for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 were used as the basis for determining the dilutive effect on EPS. The quarterly average closing prices for our common stock did not exceed the conversion price of $123.77, and therefore all associated shares were anti-dilutive.

In connection with the issuance of the 2026 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the 2026 capped call transactions) on our common stock with certain commercial banks. The 2026 capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those in the 2026 Notes, approximately 6.5 million shares of our common stock, the same number of shares initially underlying the convertible notes, at a strike price of approximately $123.77, subject to customary adjustments. The cap price of the 2026 capped call transactions will initially be $190.42 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported stock price per share of the Company's common stock on February 23, 2026, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 2026 capped call transactions. The 2026 capped call transactions will expire upon the maturity of the 2026 Notes, subject to earlier exercise or termination. Exercise of the 2026 capped call transactions would reduce the number of shares of our common stock outstanding and therefore would be anti-dilutive.

Note 3: Certain Balance Sheet Components

A summary of accounts receivable from contracts with customers is as follows:

Note 4: Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets, other than goodwill, were as follows:

On January 5, 2026, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding equity of Locusview, Ltd. and subsidiaries (collectively, Locusview) a privately held utility-focused software and services company that is based in the United States and Israel. The purchase resulted in the addition of intangible assets of$204.5 million including $179.0 million identified customer contracts and relationships and $25.5 million of core-developed technology. The customer contracts and relationships and core-developed technology will be amortized over theten-year andfive-year useful lives, respectively, using the straight-line method. Refer to Note 5: Goodwill and Note 16: Business Combinations for additional information.

Estimated future annual amortization is as follows:

We recognize all amortization expense within amortization of intangible assets in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, except core-developed technology, which is included in cost of revenues. These expenses relate to intangible assets acquired as part of business combinations.

Note 5: Goodwill

The following table reflects changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2026:

(1) On January 5, 2026, we acquired Locusview, Ltd. The purchase resulted in the recognition of $357.0 million in goodwill allocated to our Resiliency Solutions reportable segment. Refer to Note 4: Intangible Assets and Note 16: Business Combinations for additional information on the transaction.

Note 6: Debt

The components of our borrowings were as follows:

2025 Credit Facility

On September 25, 2025, we entered into a third amended and restated credit agreement (the 2025 credit facility) providing for committed credit facilities in the amount of$750 million. The 2025 credit facility consists of a multi-currency revolving line of credit (the revolver) in the amount of$750 million. The revolver includes a standby letter of credit sub-facility in the amount of$300 million, and a swingline sub-facility in the amount of$50 million. The 2025 credit facility amends and restates, in its entirety, our amended and restated credit agreement dated January 5, 2018.

Any outstanding principal under the revolver is due at maturity on September 25, 2030. Principal amounts paid prior to the maturity date may be reborrowed prior to such date. However, that date may be advanced to April 15, 2030 if we do not settle or extend a sufficient portion of our outstanding convertible notes, as detailed in the credit agreement.

Under the 2025 credit facility, we may elect applicable market interest rates for any outstanding revolving loans. We also pay an applicable margin, which is based on its total net leverage ratio as defined in the credit agreement. The applicable rates per annum may be based on the following: (1)the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), plus an applicable margin or (2) the Alternate Base Rate, plus an applicable margin. The Alternate Base Rate election is equal to the greatest of three rates: (i)the prime rate, (ii)the Federal Reserve effective rate plus 0.50%, or (iii)SOFR plus 1.00%. Committed amounts not borrowed under the revolver are subject to a commitment fee (paid quarterly in arrears). The spreads applicable to SOFR and the annual committee fee rates are, as follows:

The 2025 credit facility permits us and certain of our foreign subsidiaries to borrow in U.S. dollars, euros, or, with lender approval, other currencies readily convertible into U.S. dollars. All obligations under the 2025 credit facility are guaranteed by Itron, Inc. and material U.S. domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the assets of Itron, Inc. and material U.S. domestic subsidiaries. This included a pledge of 100% of the capital stock of material U.S. domestic subsidiaries and up to 66% of the voting stock (100% of the non-voting stock) of first-tier foreign subsidiaries. In addition, the obligations of any foreign subsidiary who is a foreign borrower, as defined by the 2025 credit facility, are guaranteed by the foreign subsidiary and by its direct and indirect foreign parents. The 2025 credit facility includes debt covenants, which contained certain financial thresholds and placed certain restrictions on the incurrence of debt, investments, and the issuance of dividends. We are in compliance with the debt covenants under the 2025 credit facility at March 31, 2026.

As of March 31, 2026, there wereno outstanding loan balances under the 2025 credit facility and $43.4 million was utilized by outstanding standby letters of credit, resulting in $706.6 million available for additional borrowings. As of March 31, 2026, $256.6 million was available for additional standby letters of credit under the letter of credit sub-facility andno amounts were outstanding under the swingline sub-facility.

Convertible Notes

2021 Notes

On March 12, 2021, we closed the sale of $460 million of convertible notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers, resulting in net proceeds to us of $448.5 million after deducting initial purchasers' discounts of the offering. The 2021 Notes did not bear regular interest, and the principal amount did not accrete. The 2021 Notes matured on March 15, 2026 and were repaid in full on March 16, 2026.

2024 Notes

On June 21, 2024, we closed the sale of $805 million of convertible notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers, resulting in net proceeds to us of $784 million after deducting initial purchasers' discounts of the offering. The 2024 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.375% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2025. The 2024 Notes mature on July 15, 2030, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms.

The initial conversion rate of the 2024 Notes is 7.6199 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $131.24 per share. The conversion rate of the notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the convertible notes) or upon a notice of redemption, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change or notice of redemption, as the case may be.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 15, 2030, the 2024 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2024 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business-day period after any five consecutive trading-day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events; or (4) upon redemption by us. On or after April 15, 2030, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding July 15, 2030, holders of the notes may convert all or a portion of their notes at any time. Upon conversion, we will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be converted and pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at our election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the notes being converted.

Subsequent to July 20, 2028 and prior to April 15, 2030, we may redeem for cash all or part of the 2024 Notes, at our option, if the last reported sales price of common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related notice of the redemption. However, we may not redeem less than all of the outstanding notes unless at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of notes are outstanding and not called for redemption as of the time we send related redemption notices. The redemption price of each note to be redeemed will be the principal amount of such note, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any. Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2024 Notes), subject to a limited exception described in the indenture governing the notes, holders may require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to plus accrued and unpaid special interest to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the indenture governing the 2024 Notes).

The 2024 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsubordinated debt and senior in right of payment to any future debt that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes. The notes will be effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured debt to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness. The notes will be structurally subordinated to all existing debt and any future debt and any other liabilities of our subsidiaries.

2026 Notes

On February 23, 2026, we closed the sale of $805 million of convertible notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers, resulting in net proceeds to us of $784 million after deducting initial purchasers' discounts of the offering. The 2026 Notes do not bear regular interest, and the principal amount does not accrete. The 2026 Notes mature on March 15, 2032, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms.

The initial conversion rate of the 2026 Notes is 8.0793 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $123.77 per share. The conversion rate of the notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the indenture) or upon delivery of a notice of redemption, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change or notice of redemption, as the case may be.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2031, the 2026 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2026 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business-day period after any five consecutive trading-day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events; or (4) upon redemption by us. On or after December 15, 2031, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding March 15, 2032, holders of the notes may convert all or a portion of their notes at any time. Upon conversion, we will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be converted and pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at our election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the notes being converted.

No sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Notes. Subsequent to March 20, 2030 and prior to December 15, 2031, we may redeem for cash all or part of the 2026 Notes, at our option, if the last reported sales price of common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related notice of the redemption. However, we may not redeem less than all of the outstanding notes unless at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of notes are outstanding and not called for redemption as of the time we send related redemption notices. The redemption price of each note to be redeemed will be the principal amount of such note, plus accrued and unpaid additional interest, if any. Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes), subject to a limited exception described in the indenture governing the notes, holders may require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amounts of the 2026 Notes plus accrued and unpaid additional interest to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes).

The 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsubordinated debt and senior in right of payment to any future debt that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes. The notes will be effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured debt to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness. The notes will be structurally subordinated to all existing debt and any future debt and any other liabilities of our subsidiaries.

Debt Maturities

The amount of required minimum principal payments on our debt in aggregate over the next five years is as follows:

Note 7: Derivative Financial Instruments

As part of our risk management strategy, we use derivative instruments to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures. Refer to Note 12: Shareholders' Equity and Note 13: Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional disclosures on our derivative instruments.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Relationships

We are exposed to foreign exchange risk when we enter into non-functional currency transactions, both intercompany and third party. At each period-end, non-functional currency monetary assets and liabilities are revalued with the change recognized within other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We enter into monthly foreign exchange forward contracts, which are not designated for hedge accounting, with the intent to reduce earnings volatility associated with currency exposures. As of March 31, 2026, a total of 37 contracts were offsetting our exposures from the euro, pound sterling, Indonesian rupiah, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, and various other currencies, with notional amounts ranging from $100,000 to $28.7 million.

We will continue to monitor and assess our interest rate and foreign exchange risk and may institute additional derivative instruments to manage such risk in the future.

Note 8: Defined Benefit Pension Plans

We sponsor both funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans offering death and disability, retirement, and special termination benefits for certain of our international employees, primarily in Germany, France, India, and Indonesia. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by using the projected unit credit method. The measurement date for the pension plans was December 31, 2025.

Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of:

Our asset investment strategy focuses on maintaining a portfolio using primarily insurance funds, which are accounted for as investments and measured at fair value, in order to achieve our long-term investment objectives on a risk adjusted basis. Our general funding policy for these qualified pension plans is to contribute amounts sufficient to satisfy regulatory funding standards of the respective countries for each plan.

Net periodic pension benefit cost for our plans include the following components:

The components of net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in total other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 9: Stock-Based Compensation

We grant stock-based compensation awards, including restricted stock units, phantom stock, and unrestricted stock units, under the Second Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (Stock Incentive Plan). Prior to December 31, 2020, stock options were also granted as part of the stock-based compensation awards. In the Stock Incentive Plan, we have 13,991,273 shares of common stock authorized for issuance subject to stock splits, dividends, and other similar events, and at March 31, 2026,2,831,821 shares were available for grant. We issue new shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options or when vesting conditions on restricted stock units are fully satisfied. These shares are subject to a fungible share provision such that the authorized share available for grant under the Plan is reduced by (i)one share for every one share subject to a stock option or share appreciation right granted and (ii)1.7 shares for every one share of common stock that was subject to an award other than an option or share appreciation right.

We also award phantom stock units, which are settled in cash upon vesting and accounted for as liability-based awards, with no impact to the shares available for grant.

In addition, we maintain the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), for which 433,847 shares of common stock were available for future issuance at March 31, 2026.

ESPP activity and stock-based grants other than restricted stock units were not significant for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock-based compensation expense and the related tax benefit were as follows:

Stock Options

A summary of our stock option activity is as follows:

At March 31, 2026, all stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested stock options has been recognized.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity:

(1)Shares released is presented as gross shares and does not reflect shares withheld by us for employee payroll tax obligations.

At March 31, 2026, total unrecognized compensation expense on restricted stock units was $74.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.7 years.

The weighted average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of performance-based restricted stock units granted with a service and market condition and the resulting weighted average fair value are as follows:

Note 10: Income Taxes

We determine the interim tax benefit (provision) by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate to the year-to-date pretax book income (loss) and adjusting for discrete items during the reporting period, if any. Tax jurisdictions with losses for which tax benefits cannot be realized, as well as significant unusual or infrequently occurring items that are separately reported, are excluded from the annual effective tax rate.

Our tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2026 of 20% differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% due to the impact of valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, the forecasted mix of earnings in domestic and international jurisdictions, the effect of cross-border tax laws, nondeductible executive compensation, a benefit related to stock-based compensation, tax credits, state taxes, and uncertain tax positions.

Our tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 of 21% was in line with the federal statutory rate of 21% and overall was impacted by the effect of valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, the forecasted mix of earnings in domestic and international jurisdictions, the effect of cross-border tax laws, nondeductible executive compensation, a benefit related to stock-based compensation, tax credits, state taxes, and uncertain tax positions.

A sweeping legislative package formally titled "An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14" (the "Act"), and commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, was signed into law on July 4, 2025. The legislation included numerous changes to existing tax law that took effect in 2026. There were also changes that were retroactive to the beginning of 2025, including the deductibility of current and previously capitalized domestic research and development costs. These changes did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidance under the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative aims to minimize perceived tax abuses and modernize global tax policy, including the implementation of a global minimum effective tax rate of 15%. In December 2022, the Council of the European Union adopted OECD Pillar 2 for implementation by European Union member states by December 31, 2023. The resulting legislation in most countries where Itron has significant operations took effect for calendar year 2024. The OECD released further guidance on January 6, 2026, which included new and revised safe harbor rules, including a new permanent safe harbor, and the framework for a "side-by-side" agreement that would exempt US-based multinational companies from all top-up taxes, other than qualified domestic top-up taxes imposed on subsidiaries in their countries of residence. Enactment through legislation will be required in order for this additional guidance to be effective and is expected to only be effective for years after 2025. These enactments or amendments could adversely affect our tax rate and ultimately result in a negative impact on our operating results and cash flows. Consistent with calculations for calendar years 2024 and 2025, the Company anticipates it will meet the safe harbors in most jurisdictions in 2026, and any remaining top-up tax should be immaterial.

We classify interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and interest income on tax overpayments as components of income tax expense. The net interest and penalties expense recognized were as follows:

Accrued interest and penalties recognized were as follows:

Unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions and the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate were as follows:

At March 31, 2026, we are under examination by certain tax authorities. We believe we have appropriately accrued for the expected outcome of all tax matters and do not currently anticipate that the ultimate resolution of these examinations will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, future results of operations, or cash flows.

We file income tax returns in various jurisdictions. The material jurisdictions where we are subject to examination include, among others, the United States, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Indonesia, and the United Kingdom.

Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies

Guarantees and Indemnifications

We are often required to obtain standby letters of credit (LOCs) or bonds in support of our obligations for customer contracts. These standby LOCs or bonds typically provide a guarantee to the customer for our future performance, which typically covers the installation phase of a contract and may, on occasion, cover the operations and maintenance phase of outsourcing contracts.

Our available lines of credit, outstanding standby LOCs, and bonds were as follows:

In the event any such standby LOC or bond were called, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the standby LOC or bond. As of April 28, 2026, we are not aware of any valid claims against our outstanding standby LOCs or bonds.

We generally provide an indemnification related to the infringement of any patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property right on software or equipment within our sales contracts, which indemnifies the customer from, and pays the resulting costs, damages, and attorney's fees awarded against a customer with respect to, such a claim provided that (a) the customer promptly notifies us in writing of the claim and (b) we have the sole control of the defense and all related settlement negotiations. We may also provide an indemnification to our customers for third-party claims resulting from damages caused by the negligence or willful misconduct of our employees/agents in connection with the performance of certain contracts. The terms of our indemnifications generally do not limit the maximum potential payments. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements.

Legal Matters

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims of which the outcomes are subject to significant uncertainty. Our policy is to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes related to legal matters, as well as ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of the liability required, if any, for these contingencies is made after an analysis of each known issue. A liability would be recognized and charged to operating expense when we determine that a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Additionally, we disclose contingencies for which a material loss is reasonably possible, but not probable.

Warranty

A summary of the warranty accrual account activity is as follows:

Total warranty expense is classified within cost of revenues and consists of new product warranties issued, costs related to insurance and supplier recoveries, other changes and adjustments to warranties, and customer claims.

Warranty expense was as follows:

Note 12: Shareholders' Equity

Preferred Stock

We have authorized the issuance of 10 million shares of preferred stock withno par value. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up the affairs of the corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of any outstanding preferred stock would be entitled to be paid a preferential amount per share to be determined by the Board of Directors prior to any payment to holders of common stock. There wasno preferred stock issued or outstanding at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

Stock Repurchase Programs

Effective November 10, 2025, Itron's Board of Directors authorized a repurchase up to $250 million of our common stock over an 18-month period (the 2025 Stock Repurchase Program). Repurchases will be made in the open market and pursuant to the terms of any Rule 10b5-1 plans that Itron may enter into, and in accordance with applicable securities laws. The repurchase program is intended to comply with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Depending on market conditions and other factors, these repurchases may be commenced or suspended from time to time without prior notice. In February 2026, we repurchased 1,050,309 shares of common stock for a total of$100 million.

Effective September 19, 2024, Itron's Board of Directors authorized a repurchase up to $100 million of our common stock over an 18-month period (the 2024 Stock Repurchase Program). The repurchase program is intended to comply with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. From November 3 through November 6, 2025, Itron repurchased 942,577 shares of its common stock for a total of $100 million, fully utilizing the authorized capacity under the 2024 Stock Repurchase Program.

2021 Call Option Transactions

We paid an aggregate amount of $84.1 million for the 2021 call option transactions. The 2021 call option transactions covered, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those in the 2021 Notes, approximately 3.7 million shares of our common stock, the same number of shares initially underlying the 2021 Notes, at a strike price of approximately $126.00, subject to customary adjustments. The 2021 call option transactions expired upon the maturity of the 2021 Notes. The 2021 call option transactions met the criteria in ASC 815-40 to be classified within Stockholders' Equity, and therefore were not revalued after their issuance. We made a tax election to integrate the 2021 Notes and the 2021 call option transactions. We retained the identification statements in our books and records, together with a schedule providing the accruals on the synthetic debt instruments. The accounting impact of this tax election made the call options deductible as original issue discount for tax purposes over the term of the 2021 Notes, and resulted in a $20.6 million deferred tax asset recognized through equity.

Warrant Transactions

In addition, concurrently with entering into the 2021 call option transactions, we separately entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions (the warrant transactions), whereby we sold to the counterparties warrants to acquire, collectively, subject to anti-dilution adjustments,3.7 million shares of our common stock at an initial strike price of $180.00 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the public offering price in the common stock issuance. We received aggregate proceeds of $45.3 million from the warrant transactions with the counterparties, with such proceeds partially offsetting the costs of entering into the convertible note hedge transactions. The warrants begin to expire in June 2026. If the market value per share of our common stock, as measured under the warrant transactions, exceeds the strike price of the warrants, the warrants will have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share, unless we elect, subject to certain conditions, to settle the warrants in cash. The warrants meet the criteria in ASC 815-40 to be classified within Stockholders' Equity, and therefore the warrants are not revalued after issuance. The warrants will fully expire in October 2026.

2024 Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the issuance of the 2024 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions on our common stock with certain commercial banks. The 2024 capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those in the 2024 Notes, approximately 6.1 million shares of our common stock, the same number of shares initially underlying the convertible notes, at a strike price of approximately $131.2353, subject to customary adjustments. The cap price of the 2024 capped call transactions will initially be $205.86 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported stock price per share of the Company's common stock on June 17, 2024, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 2024 capped call transactions. The 2024 capped call transactions will expire upon the maturity of the 2024 Notes, subject to earlier exercise or termination.

We made a tax election to integrate the 2024 Notes and the 2024 capped call transactions. We are retaining the identification statements in our books and records, together with a schedule providing the accruals on the synthetic debt instruments. The accounting impact of this tax election makes the capped call transactions deductible as original issue discount for tax purposes over the term of the 2024 Notes, and results in a $26.7 million deferred tax asset recognized through equity.

2026 Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the issuance of the 2026 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions on our common stock with certain commercial banks. The 2026 capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those in the 2026 Notes, approximately 6.5 million shares of our common stock, the same number of shares initially underlying the convertible notes, at a strike price of approximately $123.77, subject to customary adjustments. The cap price of the 2026 capped call transactions will initially be $190.42 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported stock price per share of the Company's common stock on February 23, 2026, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 2026 capped call transactions. The 2026 capped call transactions will expire upon the maturity of the 2026 Notes, subject to earlier exercise or termination.

We made a tax election to integrate the 2026 Notes and the 2026 capped call transactions. We are retaining the identification statements in our books and records, together with a schedule providing the accruals on the synthetic debt instruments. The accounting impact of this tax election makes the capped call transactions deductible as original issue discount for tax purposes over the term of the 2026 Notes, and results in a $22.4 million deferred tax asset recognized through equity.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), net of tax, were as follows:

The before-tax, income tax (provision) benefit, and net-of-tax amounts related to each component of other comprehensive income (OCI) were as follows:

Note 13: Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair values at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 do not reflect subsequent changes in the economy, interest rates, tax rates, and other variables that may affect the determination of fair value.

The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating fair values:

Cash and cash equivalents: Due to the liquid nature of these instruments, the carrying amount approximates fair value (Level 1).

Credit facility - multicurrency revolving line of credit (revolver): The revolver is not traded publicly. When there are amounts borrowed and outstanding, the fair values, which are determined based upon a hypothetical market participant, are calculated using a discounted cash flow model with Level 2 inputs, including estimates of incremental borrowing rates for debt with similar terms, maturities, and credit profiles. Refer to Note 6: Debt for further discussion of our debt.

Convertible notes: The convertible notes are not listed on any securities exchange but may be actively traded. The fair value is estimated using Level 1 inputs, as it is based on quoted prices for these instruments in active markets.

Note 14: Segment Information

We operate under the Itron brand worldwide and manage and report under four reportable segments: Device Solutions, Networked Solutions, Outcomes, and Resiliency Solutions. Resiliency Solutions is a new reportable segment starting in the fourth quarter of 2025. We define these segments based on the structure in which internally reported financial information is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) to analyze financial performance, make strategic decisions, and allocate resources. The Company's CODM is the chief executive officer.

Segment Products

Device Solutions – This segment primarily includes hardware products used for measurement, control, or sensing. Examples from the Device Solutions portfolio include: standard endpoints that are shipped without Itron communications, such as our standard electricity, gas, and water meters for a variety of global markets and adhering to regulations and standards within those markets, as well as our heat and allocation products; communicating meters designed to operate outside of Itron end-to-end solutions and designed to meet market requirements; and the implementation and installation of associated devices.

Networked Solutions – This segment primarily includes a combination of communicating endpoints (e.g., smart meters, modules, endpoints, and sensors), network infrastructure, network design services, and associated headend management and application software designed and sold as a complete solution for acquiring and transporting robust application-specific data. Networked Solutions includes products, software and services for the implementation, installation, and management of communicating endpoints and data networks. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) solutions supported by this segment include automated meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) for electricity, water, and gas; distributed energy resource management (DERMs); grid edge devices; distribution automation communications; smart lighting; and smart city sensors and applications. Our IIoT platform allows utility and smart city applications to be run and managed on a flexible, secure, and interoperable multi-purpose network.

Outcomes – This segment primarily includes our value-added, enhanced software and services, including use of distributed compute to manage, organize, analyze, and interpret raw, anonymized data using artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistical modeling, and other analytics. This delivers new value for utilities, municipalities, and cities through improving decision making, maximizing operational profitability, engaging consumers, ensuring safety, enhancing resource efficiency, and improving grid resiliency and reliability. Outcomes supports high-value use cases, such as data management, grid planning and operations, AMI operations, gas distribution safety, non-revenue water reduction, revenue assurance, distributed energy resources (DER) management, energy forecasting, consumer engagement, and smart payment. Utilities leverage these outcomes to unlock the capabilities of their networks and devices, improve the productivity of their workforce, increase the reliability of their operations, manage and optimize the proliferation of DERs, address grid complexity, and enhance the customer experience. Revenue from these offerings are primarily recurring in nature and would include any direct management of Device Solutions, Networked Solutions, and other third-parties' products on behalf of our end customers.

Resiliency Solutions– This segment primarily includes software and services for worker safety, emergency preparedness and response, damage prevention, and Digital Construction Management for critical infrastructure providers and their supporting contractors. These solutions enable utilities to plan smarter, respond faster, and operate more safely and are enhanced through the use of artificial intelligence-based models to predict events to aid in compliance, incident remedy, and prevention.

Intersegment revenues are minimal. Certain operating expenses are allocated to the reportable segments based upon internally established allocation methodologies. Corporate operating expenses, interest income, interest expense, other income (expense), and the income tax provision (benefit) are neither allocated to the segments, nor are they included in the measure of segment performance. These amounts are not included in the significant segment expense amounts below. Goodwill impairment charges are recognized in Corporate unallocated. No asset information for reportable segments is provided to the CODM. We do not manage the performance of the segments on a balance sheet basis. Other income (expense) primarily includes interest income, interest expense, and amortization of prepaid debt fees.

The CODM assesses the segments' performance primarily by using each segment's adjusted operating income, predominantly in the annual budget and periodic forecasting processes. The CODM considers budget-to-actual and forecast-to-actual variances for these measures when making decisions about the allocation of operating and capital resources to each segment, including evaluating pricing strategy. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2025, the CODM used gross margin as the primary segment performance metric. Starting in the fourth quarter of 2025, the CODM believes adjusted segment operating income provides a more complete metric for allocating resources and assessing segment performance in line with our recent business acquisition and exclusion of amortization of core-developed technology.

Information about our reportable segments and Corporate unallocated and the reconciliation to income before income taxes was as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, no single customer represented more than 10% of total company revenue.

Revenues by region were as follows:

Depreciation expense and amortization expense recognized in cost of revenues is allocated to the reportable segments based upon each segment's use of the assets. All amortization expense recognized in operating expenses is recognized within Corporate unallocated. Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets expense associated with our reportable segments and Corporate unallocated was as follows:

Note 15: Revenues

A summary of significant net changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period is as follows:

On January 1, 2026, total contract assets were $83.7 million, including $17.2 million in long-term contract assets and total contract liabilities were $235.1 million. On March 31, 2026, total contract assets were $74.0 million, including $16.9 million in long-term contract assets and total contract liabilities were $277.1 million. The contract assets primarily relate to contracts that include a retention clause and allocations related to contracts with multiple performance obligations. The contract liabilities primarily relate to deferred revenue, such as extended warranty and maintenance agreements. The cumulative catch-up adjustments relate to contract modifications, measure-of-progress changes, and changes in the estimate of the transaction price. Refer to Note 16: Business Combinations for additional information.

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

Total transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations represents committed but undelivered products and services for contracts and purchase orders at period end. Twelve-month remaining performance obligations represent the portion of total transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that we estimate will be recognized as revenue over the next 12 months. Total transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not a complete measure of our future revenues as we also receive orders where the customer may have legal termination rights but are not likely to terminate.

Total transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations related to contracts is approximately $1.0 billion for the next 12 months and approximately $1.0 billion for periods longer than 12 months. The total remaining performance obligations consist of product and service components. The service component relates primarily to maintenance agreements for which customers pay a full year's maintenance in advance and service revenues are generally recognized over the service period. Total transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations also includes our extended warranty contracts, for which revenue is recognized over the extended warranty period and hardware, which is recognized as units are delivered. The estimate of when remaining performance obligations will be recognized requires significant judgment.

Cost to obtain a contract and cost to fulfill a contract with a customer

Cost to obtain a contract and costs to fulfill a contract were capitalized and amortized using a systematic rational approach to align with the transfer of control of underlying contracts with customers. While amounts were capitalized, they are not material.

Disaggregation of revenue

Refer to Note 14: Segment Information and the Consolidated Statements of Operations for disclosure regarding the disaggregation of revenue into categories, which depict how revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Specifically, our reportable segments and geographical regions, as disclosed, and categories for products, which include hardware and software and services, are presented.

Note 16: Business Combinations

Locusview, Ltd.

On January 5, 2026, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding equity of Locusview, Ltd. and subsidiaries (collectively, Locusview) a privately held utility-focused software and services company that is based in the United States and Israel. The acquisition provides value to Itron through the leverage of Locusview's digital construction management solutions to enhance Itron's Resiliency Solutions offerings to its customers.

The preliminary purchase price allocated to acquired assets and liabilities was $546.6 million, which was funded through cash on hand. The purchase price is subject to further adjustment based on final working capital and other closing considerations to be determined following the transaction's close.

The following table reflects our preliminary allocation of the purchase price:

The fair value of the acquired accounts receivable of $10.7 million approximates the carrying value due to the short-term nature of the expected timeframe to collect the amounts due and the contractual cash flows expected to be collected related to these receivables.

The fair value for the identified core-developed technology intangible asset was estimated using the relief from royalty method, which values the assets by estimating the savings achieved by ownership of trademark or technology when compared with the cost of licensing it from an independent owner.

The fair value of customer relationships was estimated using the income approach. Under the income approach, the fair value reflects the present value of the projected cash flows that are expected to be generated.

Deferred revenue of $22.4 million was recognized under ASC 606 in accordance with ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers; therefore, a reduction in deferred revenues related to the estimated fair values of the acquired deferred revenues was not required.

Goodwill of $357.0 million arising from the acquisition consists of the fair value in excess of identifiable assets to gain access to expanded customer base, distribution channels, technology, and market presence, which are expected to create cost savings, revenue growth, or competitive advantages, as well as certain intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. All the goodwill balance was assigned to the Resiliency Solutions reporting segment. Refer to Note 5: Goodwill. None of the goodwill balance will be deducted for income tax purposes.

The acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Locusview are included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2026, and the results of its operations are reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the period from January 5, 2026 to March 31, 2026. We concluded the acquisition of Locusview was not significant, and, as such, pro forma financial information was not required.

The allocation of the purchase price to acquired assets and liabilities assumed is preliminary. The areas that remain provisional primarily relate to (i) the assessment of deferred revenue, (ii) income taxes, (iii) accrued liabilities, and (iv) the finalization of net working capital, which will be settled during the second quarter of 2026 and may impact the total purchase consideration.

Urbint, Inc.

On November 3, 2025, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding equity of Urbint, Inc. (Urbint), a privately held software and services company, based in Florida, serving utilities. The acquisition provides value to Itron through the leverage of Urbint's artificial intelligence (AI)-powered operational resilience solutions to enhance our offerings to our customers. Upon acquisition, Urbint became a wholly owned subsidiary of Itron and operates within the Resiliency Solutions segment. The purchase price allocated to acquired assets and liabilities was $330.6 million, which was funded through cash on hand.

Subsequent to the acquisition date, we made certain measurement period adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation, which resulted in an increase to goodwill of $67,000. The increase was due to a $97,000 decrease of certain tangible assets acquired, an increase to assumed liabilities of $52,000, and an $82,000 decrease in the aggregation consideration in connection with post close net working capital adjustments that were finalized in the first quarter of 2026.

The measurement‑period adjustments did not have a material impact on our results of operations for the period. The purchase price allocation remains preliminary as we continue to finalize certain tax‑related amounts and assess deferred revenue.