HBT Financial, Inc.

NOTE 1 –ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

HBT Financial, Inc. (“HBT Financial” or the “Company”) is headquartered in Bloomington, Illinois and is the holding company for Heartland Bank and Trust Company (“Heartland Bank” or the “Bank”). The Bank provides a comprehensive suite of financial products and services to consumers, businesses, and municipal entities throughout Illinois, eastern Iowa, and suburban St. Louis. Additionally, the Company is subject to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory agencies.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) interim reporting requirements. Certain information in footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP has been condensed or omitted pursuant to rules and regulations of the SEC. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2026.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include all normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Use of Estimates

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and the reported results of operations for the periods then ended.

Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation without any impact on the reported amounts of net income or stockholders’ equity.

Subsequent Events

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued.

Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2026, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2025-08, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans, which expands the population of acquired financial assets subject to the gross-up approach in Topic 326. Loans (excluding credit cards) acquired without credit deterioration and deemed "seasoned" are purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach at acquisition. All non-PCD loans (excluding credit cards) that are acquired in a business combination are deemed seasoned. Other non-PCD loans (excluding credit cards) are seasoned if they were purchased at least 90 days after origination and the acquirer was not involved in the origination of the loans. This standard is applied on a prospective basis and eliminates the day 1 provision for credit losses which prior to adoption of ASU 2025-08 would have been recognized on eligible purchased loans, including the non-PCD loans acquired from CNB Bank Shares, Inc. ("CNB").

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 provides more decision-useful information about a public entity's expenses by requiring additional detail on expenses reported in income statements. Under the ASU, public entities will provide detailed disclosure in interim and annual periods of specified categories underlying certain expense captions. The ASU requires public entities to apply the amendments prospectively, with an option to use retrospective application. The amendments in this update are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements. ASU 2025-09 provides clarification on certain aspects of the guidance on hedge accounting and addresses several incremental hedge accounting issues arising from the global reference rate reform. Consistent with the original objective of ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, the objective of ASU 2025-09 is to more closely align hedge accounting with the economics of an entity's risk management activities. The ASU requires public entities to apply the amendments prospectively. The amendments in this update are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. ASU 2025-11 clarifies interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270, Interim Reporting. The amendments result in a comprehensive list of interim disclosures required by GAAP. The amendment also adds a principle that requires entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The ASU allows public entities to apply the amendments either prospectively or retrospectively. The amendments in this update are effective for interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position.

NOTE 2 –BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

CNB Bank Shares, Inc.

On March 1, 2026, HBT Financial acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding common stock of CNB Bank Shares, Inc., the holding company for CNB Bank & Trust, N.A. (“CNB Bank”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 20, 2025. Under the Agreement and Plan of Merger, CNB merged with and into HBT Financial, with HBT Financial as the surviving entity, immediately followed by the merger of CNB Bank with and into Heartland Bank, with Heartland Bank as the surviving entity.

At the effective time of the merger, each share of CNB was converted into the right to receive, subject to the election and proration procedures as provided in the Merger Agreement, one of the following: (i)1.0434 shares of HBT Financial's common stock, or (ii) $27.73 in cash, or (iii) a combination of cash and HBT Financial common stock. Total consideration consisted of 5.5 million shares of HBT Financial's common stock and $33.8 million in cash. In lieu of fractional shares of HBT Financial stock, holders of CNB common stock received cash. Based on the closing price of HBT Financial common stock of $26.96 on February 27, 2026, the aggregate transaction value was approximately $182.1 million.

This transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration exchanged were recorded at estimated fair values on the date of acquisition. Given the timing of the acquisition, fair values are subject to refinement up to one year after the closing date of March 1, 2026. Goodwill of $23.7 million was recorded in the acquisition, which reflects expected synergies from combining the operations of HBT Financial and CNB, and is nondeductible for tax purposes.

The acquisition of CNB further enhanced HBT Financial's footprint in the central Illinois, Chicago MSA, and suburban St. Louis markets. Acquisition-related expenses recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are summarized below.

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from CNB on the acquisition date of March 1, 2026 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Of the loans acquired, there were $163.9 million which exhibited more-than-insignificant credit deterioration on the acquisition date. The following table provides a summary of these PCD loans at acquisition (dollars in thousands):

Intangible assets consist of core deposit intangible and customer relationship intangible assets with definite useful lives which are amortized over a 10 year period.

CNB information was fully integrated into HBT Financial's processes and systems during the system conversion in the first quarter of 2026, and as a result standalone CNB financial results are not available.

The following table provides the pro forma information for the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 as if the acquisition of CNB had occurred on January 1, 2025. The pro forma results combine the historical results of CNB into HBT Financial’s consolidated statements of income, including the impact of certain acquisition accounting adjustments, which include loan discount accretion, securities discount accretion, intangible assets amortization, deposit premium amortization, and borrowing premium amortization. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained had the acquisition actually occurred on January 1, 2025. No assumptions have been applied to the pro forma results of operations regarding possible revenue enhancements, provision for credit losses, expense efficiencies or asset dispositions. The acquisition-related expenses that have been recognized are included in net income in the following table.

NOTE 3 –SECURITIES

Debt Securities

The amortized cost and fair values of debt securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses and allowance for credit losses, are as follows:

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Bank had debt securities with a carrying value of $515.9 million and $412.8 million, respectively, which were pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, available borrowing capacity, and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity, as of March 31, 2026, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt securities available-for-sale that do not have an associated allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, aggregated by category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

As of March 31, 2026, there were 508 debt securities in an unrealized loss position for a period of 12 months or more, and 194 debt securities in an unrealized loss position for a period of less than 12 months.

U.S. Treasury, U.S. government agency, and agency mortgage-backed securities are considered to have no risk of credit loss as they are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The changes in fair value in these portfolios are considered to be primarily driven by changes in market interest rates and other non-credit risks, such as prepayment and liquidity risks.

Municipal securities include general obligation bonds, which have a very low historical default rate due to issuers generally having taxing authority to service the debt, and represent approximately 74% of the total fair value of our municipal securities portfolio as of March 31, 2026. The remainder of the municipal securities are also of high credit quality with ratings of A1/A+ or better. The Company evaluates credit risk through monitoring credit ratings and reviews of available financial data. The changes in fair value in municipal securities were considered to be primarily driven by changes in market interest rates and other non-credit risks, such as call and liquidity risks. The estimated allowance for credit losses for the municipal debt securities held-to-maturity was deemed insignificant.

Corporate securities include investment grade corporate and bank subordinated debt securities. The Company evaluates credit risk through monitoring credit ratings, reviews of available issuer financial data, and sector trends. The changes in fair value in corporate securities were considered to be primarily driven by changes in market interest rates and other non-credit risks, such as call and liquidity risks.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company did not intend to sell the debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position, and it was more likely than not that the Company would recover the amortized cost prior to being required to sell the debt securities.

Accrued interest on debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and totaled $6.7 million and $5.5 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Sales of debt securities were as follows during the three months ended March 31:

Equity Securities

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities on the consolidated statements of income. The Company has elected to measure equity securities with no readily determinable fair value at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for identical or similar securities of the same issuer.

The initial cost and carrying values of equity securities, with cumulative net unrealized gains and losses were as follows:

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the cumulative net unrealized losses on equity securities with no readily determinable fair value reflect impairments of $0.2 million and downward adjustments based on observable price changes of an identical investment of $0.2 million. There have beenno upward adjustments based on observable price changes to equity securities with no readily determinable fair value.

Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities were as follows during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

NOTE 4 –LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Major categories of loans are summarized as follows:

Allowance for Credit Losses

Management estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant available information from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The discounted cash flow method is used to estimate expected credit losses for all loan categories, except for consumer loans where the weighted average remaining maturity method is utilized.

At March 31, 2026, the economic forecast used by management anticipates that the unemployment rate will remain relatively flat and that gross domestic product ("GDP") will grow at a modest pace during the next four quarters. After the forecast period, the Company reverts to long-term averages over a four-quarter reversion period. Additionally, management has made qualitative adjustments to the loss estimates to reflect other factors that influence credit losses.

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for credit losses:

Gross charge-offs, further sorted by origination year, were as follows during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

The following tables present loans and the related allowance for credit losses by category:

The following tables present collateral dependent loans, by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans:

Accrued interest on loans is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and totaled $28.2 million and $18.2 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Status

Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. Typically, loans are placed on nonaccrual when they reach 90 days past due, or when, in management’s opinion, there is reasonable doubt regarding the collection of the amounts due through the normal means of the borrower. Interest accrued and unpaid at the time a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed from interest income. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are recognized in accordance with our significant accounting policies. Once a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, the borrower must generally demonstrate at least six months of payment performance and we must believe that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible, before the loan is eligible to return to accrual status.

The following tables present loans by category based on current payment and accrual status:

The following tables present nonaccrual loans with and without a related allowance for credit losses:

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans and periodically performs detailed internal reviews of all loans that are part of relationships with over $750 thousand in total exposure to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. During these internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which the borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing the loans. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan. Risk ratings are reviewed annually, at a minimum, and on an as needed basis depending on the specific circumstances of the loan. These risk ratings are also subject to review by the Company’s regulators, external loan review, and internal loan review. Risk ratings are grouped into the following major categories:

Pass – a pass loan is a credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Pass-Watch – a pass-watch loan is still considered a "pass" credit and is not a classified or criticized asset, but is a reflection of a borrower who exhibits credit weaknesses or downward trends warranting close attention and increased monitoring. These potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan. No loss of principal or interest is expected, and the borrower does not pose sufficient risk to warrant a special mention, substandard, or doubtful classification.

Special Mention – a special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the assets or in the institution's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard– a substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized as probable that the borrower will not pay principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms.

Doubtful – a doubtful loan has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. There were no loans classified as doubtful as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

The following tables present loans by category based on their assigned risk ratings determined by management:

Risk ratings of loans, further sorted by origination year, are as follows as of March 31, 2026:

Risk ratings of loans, further sorted by origination year, are as follows as of December 31, 2025:

Modifications

There wereno loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty within the last 12 months.

Pledged Loans

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company pledged loans totaling $2.81 billion and $1.96 billion, respectively, to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (“FHLB”) to secure available FHLB advance borrowing capacity.

NOTE 5 –LOAN SERVICING

Mortgage loans serviced for others, which are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, amounted to $1.66 billion and $1.42 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Activity in mortgage servicing rights was as follows:

NOTE 6 –FORECLOSED ASSETS

Foreclosed assets activity was as follows:

Gains (losses) on foreclosed assets included the following:

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying value of foreclosed one-to-four family residential real estate properties held was $0.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, there were 7 one-to-four family residential real estate loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $0.3 million. As of December 31, 2025, there were three one-to-four family residential real estate loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $0.2 million.

NOTE 7 –DEPOSITS

The Company’s deposits are summarized below:

Reciprocal deposits included in interest-bearing demand deposits, money market deposits, and time deposits totaled $233.7 million and $289.9 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. There wereno brokered deposits as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

The aggregate amounts of time deposits in denominations of $250 thousand or more amounted to $378.4 million and $201.4 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The aggregate amounts of time deposits in denominations of $100 thousand or more amounted to $790.3 million and $445.7 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The components of interest expense on deposits were as follows:

NOTE 8 -SUBORDINATED NOTES

On March 11, 2026, the Company issued $85.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes with a maturity date of March 15, 2036. The subordinated notes, which are unsecured obligations of the Company, bear a fixed interest rate of 5.75% from and including March 11, 2026 to, but excluding March 15, 2031, or earlier redemption date. From and including March 15, 2031 to, but excluding the maturity date or earlier redemption date, the subordinated notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 2.33%. Interest is payable semi-annually during the fixed rate period and quarterly during the subsequent floating rate period. The subordinated notes have an optional redemption in whole or in part on any interest payment date on or after March 15, 2031. The subordinated notes may be redeemed at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed, plus any accrued but unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. As of March 31, 2026,100% of the subordinated notes qualified as Tier 2 capital.

The face value and carrying value of the subordinated notes are summarized below:

NOTE 9 –DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Derivative financial instruments are negotiated contracts entered into by two issuing counterparties containing specific agreement terms, including the underlying instrument, amount, exercise price, and maturities. The derivatives accounting guidance requires that the Company recognize all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company may utilize interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position.

Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax, is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no interest rate swap agreements designated as a cash flow hedge.

The effect of interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges on the consolidated statements of income was as follows:

In April 2026, the Company entered into an $85.0 million receive 3.51% fixed, pay 1-month term SOFR interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge. The interest rate swap matures in 2031.

Interest Rate Swaps Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company may offer interest rate swap agreements to its commercial borrowers in connection with their risk management needs. The Company manages the interest rate risk associated with these contracts by entering into an equal and offsetting derivative with a third-party financial institution. While these interest rate swap agreements generally work together as an economic interest rate hedge, the Company did not designate them for hedge accounting treatment. Consequently, changes in fair value of the corresponding derivative financial asset or liability were recorded as either a charge or credit to current earnings during the period in which the changes occurred.

The interest rate swap agreements not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:

As of March 31, 2026, the interest rate swap agreements not designated as hedging instruments had contractual maturities between 2027 and 2040.

The effect of interest rate contracts not designated as hedging instruments recognized in other noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income was as follows:

Risk Participation Agreements

We have entered into a risk participation agreement to share credit exposure with a counterparty in an interest rate swap agreement associated with a loan participation. Under the risk participation agreement, the Company sold a portion of its credit exposure, receiving an up-front fee, and will be required to make a payment to the counterparty if the loan customer defaults on its obligations. The risk participation agreement matures in 2035 and is summarized as follows:

NOTE 10 –ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table presents the activity and accumulated balances for components of other comprehensive income (loss):

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available-for-sale are included in either gains (losses) on sales of securities or provision for credit losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for unrealized gains on debt securities held-to-maturity are included in securities interest income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the fair value of derivative financial instruments represent net interest payments received or made on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. See Note 9 for additional information.

NOTE 11 –EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method and reflects the potential dilution from the Company’s outstanding restricted stock units and performance restricted stock units.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

NOTE 12 –STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company has adopted the HBT Financial, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Incentive Plan”). The Omnibus Incentive Plan provides for grants of (i) stock options, (ii) stock appreciation rights, (iii) restricted shares, (iv) restricted stock units, (v) performance awards, (vi) other share-based awards and (vii) other cash-based awards to eligible employees, non-employee directors and consultants of the Company. The maximum number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Omnibus Incentive Plan is 1,820,000 shares.

The following is a summary of stock-based compensation expense (benefit):

Restricted Stock Units

A restricted stock unit grants a participant the right to receiveone share of the Company’s common stock, following the completion of the requisite service period. Restricted stock units are classified as equity. Compensation cost is based on the Company’s stock price on the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period for the entire award. Dividend equivalents on restricted stock units, which are accrued until vested, are classified as dividends charged to retained earnings.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the total grant date fair value of the restricted stock units granted was $1.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively, based on the grant date closing prices. The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $1.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

The following is a summary of restricted stock unit activity:

As of March 31, 2026, unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested restricted stock units was $2.1 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining service period of 2.0 years.

Performance Restricted Stock Units

A performance restricted stock unit is similar to a restricted stock unit, except that the number of shares of the Company’s common stock awarded is based on a performance condition and the completion of the requisite service period. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be earned ranges from 0% to 150% of the number of performance restricted stock units granted. Performance restricted stock units are classified as equity. Compensation cost is based on the Company’s stock price on the grant date and an assessment of the probable outcome of the performance condition. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the entire award. Changes in the performance condition probability assessment result in cumulative catch-up adjustments to the compensation cost recognized. Dividend equivalents on performance restricted stock units, which are accrued until vested, are classified as dividends charged to retained earnings.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the total fair value of the performance restricted stock units granted was $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, based on the grant date closing prices and an assessment of the probable outcome of the performance condition on the grant date. The total intrinsic value of performance restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $0.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

The following is a summary of performance restricted stock unit activity:

As of March 31, 2026, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested performance restricted stock units was $0.6 million, based on the current assessment of the probable outcome of the performance conditions. This cost is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining service period of 1.6 year.

Stock Appreciation Rights

A stock appreciation right grants a participant the right to receive an amount of cash, the value of which equals the appreciation in the Company’s stock price between the grant date and the exercise date. Stock appreciation rights are classified as liabilities. The liability is based on an option-pricing model used to estimate the fair value of the stock appreciation rights. Compensation cost for non-vested stock appreciation rights is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the entire award.

The following is a summary of stock appreciation rights activity:

As of March 31, 2026, all stock appreciation rights were exercisable and had a weighted average remaining term of 3.4 years. There wasno unrecognized compensation cost for stock appreciation rights as of March 31, 2026.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the liability recorded for outstanding stock appreciation rights was $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The Company uses an option pricing model to value the stock appreciation rights, using the assumptions in the following table. Expected volatility is derived from the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price.

NOTE 13 –REGULATORY CAPITAL

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are each subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Bank. Additionally, the ability of the Company to pay dividends to its stockholders is dependent upon the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company.

Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. As allowed under the regulations, the Company and the Bank elected to exclude accumulated other comprehensive income, including unrealized gains and losses on debt securities, in the computation of regulatory capital. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

Additionally, the Company and the Bank must maintain a “capital conservation buffer” to avoid becoming subject to restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management. The capital conservation buffer is 2.5% of risk-weighted assets.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company and the Bank each met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

The actual and required capital amounts and ratios of the Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank were as follows:

NOTE 14 –SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company’s operations consist ofone reportable segment. The President and Chief Executive Officer is the designated chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker uses consolidated financial information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. The chief operating decision maker uses consolidated net income to benchmark the Company against its competitors. The benchmarking analysis coupled with monitoring of budget to actual results are used to assess performance and in establishing compensation. Interest income from loans and investments as well as noninterest income from deposit customer activity, wealth management activities, and mortgage servicing generate the significant revenues. Interest expense, provisions for credit losses, and noninterest expenses such as compensation, occupancy, and data processing costs constitute the significant expenses. Significant revenues and expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker are detailed in the consolidated statements of income.

NOTE 15 –FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 - Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company uses fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, such as investment securities, mortgage servicing rights, and derivatives. For assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value, the fair value measurement criteria may or may not be met during a reporting period, and such measurements are therefore considered "nonrecurring" for purposes of disclosing the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to adjust carrying values for loans held for sale, collateral-dependent loans, bank premises held for sale, and foreclosed assets.

Recurring Basis

The following is a description of the methods and significant assumptions used to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities on a recurring basis.

Investment Securities

When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of securities; such items are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. For the Company’s securities where quoted prices are not available for identical securities in an active market, the Company determines fair value utilizing vendors who apply matrix pricing for similar bonds where no price is observable or may compile prices from various sources. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curve, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace. Fair values from these models are verified, where possible, against quoted market prices for recent trading activity of assets with similar characteristics to the security being valued. Such methods are generally classified as Level 2; however, when prices from independent sources vary, cannot be obtained or cannot be corroborated, a security is generally classified as Level 3. The change in fair value of debt securities available-for-sale is recorded through an adjustment to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The change in fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values is recorded through an adjustment to the consolidated statement of income.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Company has elected to record its mortgage servicing rights at fair value. Mortgage servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, the Company determines the fair value of mortgage servicing rights by estimating the fair value of the future cash flows associated with the mortgage loans being serviced as calculated by an independent third party. Key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of mortgage servicing rights include, but are not limited to, prepayment speeds and discount rates. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, mortgage servicing rights are classified as Level 3. The change in fair value is recorded through an adjustment to the consolidated statement of income.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments are carried at fair value as determined by dealer valuation models. Based on the inputs used, the derivative financial instruments subjected to recurring fair value adjustments are classified as Level 2. For derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, the change in fair value is recorded through an adjustment to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. For derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments, the change in fair value is recorded through an adjustment to the consolidated statement of income.

The following tables summarize assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 by level within the fair value hierarchy:

The following tables present additional information about the unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the mortgage servicing rights (dollars in thousands):

Nonrecurring Basis

The following is a description of the methods and significant assumptions used to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities on a nonrecurring basis.

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans originated and held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The Company obtains quotes or bids on these loans directly from purchasing financial institutions. Typically, these quotes include a premium on the sale and thus these quotes generally indicate fair value of the held for sale loans is greater than cost. Loans held for sale have been classified as Level 2.

Collateral-Dependent Loans

Periodically, a collateral-dependent loan is evaluated individually and is reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. If the collateral value is not sufficient, a specific reserve is recorded. Collateral values are estimated using recent appraisals and customized discounting criteria. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, fair values of collateral-dependent loans have been classified as Level 3.

Bank Premises Held for Sale

Bank premises held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs, at the date classified as held for sale. Values are estimated using recent appraisals and customized discounting criteria. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, fair values of bank premises held for sale have been classified as Level 3.

Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed assets are recorded at fair value based on property appraisals, less estimated selling costs, at the date of the transfer. Subsequent to the transfer, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. Values are estimated using recent appraisals and customized discounting criteria. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, fair values of foreclosed assets have been classified as Level 3.

The following tables summarize assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 by level within the fair value hierarchy:

The following tables present quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements (dollars in thousands):

Other Fair Value Methods

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures of its other financial instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate their fair values.

Restricted Stock

The carrying amount of FHLB stock approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions of the FHLB.

Loans

The fair value estimation process for the loan portfolio uses an exit price concept and reflects discounts the Company believes are consistent with discounts in the marketplace. Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial and industrial, agricultural and farmland, commercial real estate – owner occupied, commercial real estate – non-owner occupied, multi-family, construction and land development, one-to-four family residential, and municipal, consumer, and other. The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for similar maturities. The fair value analysis also includes other assumptions to estimate fair value, intended to approximate those a market participant would use in an orderly transaction, with adjustments for discount rates, interest rates, liquidity, and credit spreads, as appropriate.

Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries

The fair values of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries are presumed to approximate carrying amounts.

Time Deposits

Fair values of certificates of deposit with stated maturities have been estimated using the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at rates currently offered for similar instruments. Time deposits also include public funds time deposits.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The fair values of repurchase agreements with variable interest rates are presumed to approximate their recorded carrying amounts.

FHLB Advances

The fair values of FHLB advances are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on current rates offered for borrowings with similar remaining maturities and characteristics.

Subordinated Notes

The fair values of subordinated notes are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on rates observed on recent debt issuances by other financial institutions.

Junior Subordinated Debentures

The fair values of subordinated debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on rates observed on recent debt issuances by other financial institutions.

Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

The following table provides summary information on the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s other financial instruments:

The Company estimated the fair value of lending related commitments as described in Note 16 to be immaterial based on limited interest rate exposure due to their variable nature, short-term commitment periods, and termination clauses provided in the agreements.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair values have been estimated using data which management considered the best available and estimation methodologies deemed suitable for the pertinent category of financial instrument.

NOTE 16 –COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Financial Instruments

The Bank is party to credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Such commitments and conditional obligations were as follows:

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, by the Bank upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but may include real estate, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, and income-producing properties.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support extensions of credit. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The Bank secures the standby letters of credit with the same collateral used to secure the related loan.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Lending-related Commitments

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancelable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and is adjusted through a charge to provision for credit loss expense on the consolidated statements of income. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments was $5.9 million and $4.1 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The following table sets forth the provision for credit losses on unfunded lending-related commitments for the periods indicated:

Legal Contingencies

Various legal claims arise from time to time in the normal course of business which, in the opinion of management, will have no material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.