HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC

NOTE 5. INCOME TAXES

INCOME BEFORE TAXES

TAX EXPENSE

Tax expense consists of:

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The U.S. federal statutory income tax rate is reconciled to the effective income tax rate as follows:

The effective tax rate decreased by 0.4 percentage points in 2024 compared to 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a reduced benefit from taxes on non-U.S. earnings, offset by a decrease in accruals on various foreign tax matters. The Company’s 2024 non-U.S. effective tax rate was 20.0%, a decrease of 5.3 percentage points compared to 2023. The decrease in the non-U.S. effective tax rate was primarily attributable to changes in accruals on foreign tax matters and other foreign discrete adjustments, partially offset by increased expense on global minimum taxes.

The effective tax rate decreased by 1.3 percentage points in 2023 compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the increased benefit of taxes on non-U.S. earnings and lower expense related to unremitted withholding taxes on non-U.S. earnings, partially offset by incremental tax expense for reserves. The Company’s 2023 non-U.S. effective tax rate was 25.3%, a decrease of 2.2 percentage points compared to 2022. The decrease in the non-U.S. effective tax rate was primarily attributable to increased benefit of taxes on non-U.S. earnings and lower expense related to unremitted withholding taxes on non-U.S. earnings, partially offset by incremental tax expense for reserves.

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DEFERRED TAX ASSETS (LIABILITIES)

The tax effects of temporary differences and tax carryforwards which give rise to future income tax benefits and payables are as follows:

The Company's gross deferred tax assets include $1,360 million related to non-U.S. operations comprised primarily of net operating losses and other tax attribute carryforwards in France, Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The Company maintains a valuation allowance of $1,066 million against a portion of the non-U.S. gross deferred tax assets and a valuation allowance of $187 million against the U.S. gross deferred tax asset, primarily related to capital loss carryovers. The change in the valuation allowance resulted in a decrease of $13 million, an increase of $458 million, and a decrease of $8 million to income tax expense in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. If the Company determines that the likelihood of realization of existing deferred tax assets changes, a corresponding increase or decrease to valuation allowances will be recognized as an increase or reduction to income tax expense in the period that determination is made.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a $516 million deferred tax liability on all unremitted foreign earnings based on estimated earnings and profits of approximately $18.3 billion as of the balance sheet date.

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As of December 31, 2024, the Company's net operating loss, capital loss, tax credit carryforwards, and other attributes were as follows:

Many jurisdictions impose limitations on the timing and utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Approximately $3,111 million of the non-U.S. net operating loss has no expiration period. The U.S. federal capital loss carryforward of $510 million expires in 2026. The remaining net operating loss, capital loss and credit carryforwards, and other tax attributes have expiration periods through 2044.

The table below summarizes the Company's change in unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:

As of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, there were $1,211 million, $1,225 million, and $1,086 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would be recorded as a component of tax expense.

The following table summarizes tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions as of December 31, 2024:

Based on the outcome of these examinations, or as a result of the expiration of statute of limitations for specific jurisdictions, it is reasonably possible that certain unrecognized tax benefits for tax positions taken on previously filed tax returns will materially change from those recorded as liabilities in the Company's financial statements. In addition, the outcome of these examinations may impact the valuation of certain deferred tax assets (such as net operating losses) in future periods.

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Unrecognized tax benefits for examinations in progress were $787 million, $803 million, and $640 million as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes are classified as a component of Tax expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and totaled $94 million, $74 million, and $5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Accrued interest and penalties were $707 million, $612 million, and $557 million as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 6. INVENTORIES

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT—NET

Depreciation expense was $671 million, $659 million, and $657 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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NOTE 8. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS—NET

The following table summarizes the change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, by reportable business segment:

Other intangible assets are comprised of:

Intangible assets amortization expense includes $415 million, $292 million, and $333 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Estimated future intangible asset amortization expense for each of the next five years for intangible assets recorded as of December 31, 2024, is as follows:

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