ARROW FINANCIAL CORP

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(In Thousands)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

1 Cost of Treasury Stock includes the Stock Buyback Tax Under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Nature of Operations - Arrow Financial Corporation ("Arrow"), a New York corporation, was incorporated on March 21, 1983 and is registered as a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. Arrow's banking subsidiary is Arrow Bank National Association® ("Arrow Bank™") whose main office is located in Glens Falls, New York. Arrow Bank provides a full range of services to individuals and small to mid-size businesses in New York State from Albany to the Canadian border to the north and to Central New York to the west. In addition, through an indirect lending program, Arrow sources consumer loans from an extensive network of automobile dealers that operate throughout New York and Vermont. Active subsidiaries of Arrow Bank are Upstate Agency LLC, offering insurance services including property, and casualty insurance, group health insurance and individual life insurance products and Adirondack Insurance Services, Inc., which operates as an independent insurance agency that represents several different insurance companies to offer competitive personal and business insurance products. Arrow Bank has a wealth management department which provides investment management and trust services. North Country Investment Advisers, Inc., a registered investment adviser that provided investment advice to Arrow's proprietary mutual fund until the fund was transferred to a new investment advisor in the first half of 2025, and Arrow Properties, Inc., a real estate investment trust, or REIT, are subsidiaries of Arrow Bank. Arrow also directly owns four subsidiary business trusts to issue trust preferred securities (TRUPs), a portion of which are still outstanding.

Concentrations of Credit - With the exception of some indirect auto lending, Arrow's loans are primarily with borrowers in upstate New York. Although the loan portfolio of Arrow Bank is well diversified, tourism has a substantial impact on the northeastern New York economy. Commitments to extend credit primarily relate to the same loan categories presented in Note 5 and are subject to the Company’s normal credit approval and monitoring procedures. Generally, the loans are secured by assets and are expected to be repaid from cash flow or the sale of selected assets of the borrowers. Arrow evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by Arrow upon extension of credit, is based upon Management's credit evaluation of the counterparty. The nature of the collateral varies with the type of loan and may include: residential real estate, cash and securities, inventory, accounts receivable, property, plant and equipment, income producing commercial properties and automobiles.

Liquidity -The objective of effective liquidity management is to ensure that Arrow has the ability to raise cash when needed at a reasonable cost. This includes the capability of meeting expected and unexpected obligations to Arrow's customers at any time. Given the uncertain nature of customer demands and the need to maximize earnings, Arrow must have available reasonably priced sources of funds, both on- and off-balance sheet, that can be accessed quickly in times of need. Arrow’s liquidity position should provide the Company with the necessary flexibility to address any unexpected near-term disruptions such as reduced cash flows from the investment and loan portfolio, unexpected deposit runoff, or increased loan originations.

Arrow's primary sources of available liquidity are overnight investments in federal funds sold, interest bearing bank balances at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, FHLBNY Term Advances and cash flow from investment securities and loans.

In addition to liquidity from cash, short-term investments, investment securities and borrowings, Arrow has supplemented available operating liquidity with additional off-balance sheet sources such as a federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks and credit lines with the FHLBNY.

Note 2. ACQUISITION

On July 1, 2026, the Company completed its acquisition of Adirondack Bancorp, Inc. (“Adirondack”), the holding company of Adirondack Bank, a New York state-chartered financial institution with branch locations spanning Oneida, Franklin, Essex, Herkimer and Clinton counties, and a loan production office in Onondaga County. As a result of the transaction, Adirondack merged with and into Arrow and Adirondack Bank merged with and into Arrow Bank. The acquisition expanded the Company's presence across the Upstate and Central New York area, with the addition of 20 locations.

On the acquisition date, each share of Adirondack’s common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.8610 shares of the Company’s common stock and $18.72 in cash. Arrow issued approximately 1.98 million shares of its common stock with an acquisition-date fair value of approximately $81.2 million and paid approximately $19.9 million in cash. The fair value of the common stock issued was determined using Arrow’s opening common-stock price of $41.06 per share on July, 1 2026. In total the Company issued 1.98 million shares of its common stock, representing 9.65% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock subsequent to the issuance of the shares related to the Acquisition.

The merger was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Under this method of accounting, the respective assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess of consideration paid over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired totaled $44.7 million and was recorded as goodwill. The results of Adirondack's operations were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements subsequent to the merger date. Net interest income and net income for Adirondack were $9.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively since the date of acquisition through September 30, 2026 and is included in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair values assigned to certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed are provisional and subject to change as additional information becomes available during the measurement period (not to exceed one year from the acquisition date). The provisional amounts primarily relate to the valuation of loans, identifiable intangible assets, and certain assumed liabilities such as deposits. Adjustments to the provisional fair values, if any, will be recorded as measurement period adjustments in the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined, with corresponding adjustments to goodwill.

Consideration paid, and fair values of Adirondack’s assets acquired and liabilities assumed, along with the resulting goodwill, are summarized in the following table:

Purchased Loans

Purchased loans were recorded at their amortized cost, less an allowance for credit losses on the Acquisition Date. There is no provision for credit loss expense recognized on purchased loans because the initial allowance is established by grossing-up the amortized cost of the purchased loans. The remaining difference between the net amortized cost basis and the allowance for credit losses and the fair value allocated to the loans on the date of acquisition is recognized as a non-credit-related discount that will be accreted into interest income over the life of the loans.

The Company has purchased loans, some of which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination ("PCD" loans). The following table presents a reconciliation of acquired PCD loans between their purchase price and par value at the time of acquisition:

Pro Forma Information (unaudited)

The following table presents selected unaudited pro forma financial information reflecting the acquisition of Adirondack assuming the acquisition was completed as of January 1, 2025. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments for scheduled amortization and accretion of fair value adjustments recorded at the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the combined financial results of the Company and Adirondack had the transaction actually been completed at the beginning of the periods presented, nor does it indicate future results for any other interim or full-year period. Information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 reflects the actual results of the Company, which include certain contract terminations costs, and exclude acquisition-related costs such as advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional fees.

Information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, includes Adirondack’s calculated results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and reflect adjustments related to the amortization or accretion of purchase accounting fair value adjustments and acquisition-related costs. The unaudited pro forma information below does not reflect management’s estimate of any revenue-enhancing opportunities or anticipated cost-savings.

Skene Valley Agency, Inc.

On September 8, 2026, the Company, through its subsidiary, Upstate Agency LLC, completed the acquisition of certain assets of Skene Valley Agency, Inc., an independent insurance agency in Washington County, New York. The Company paid an aggregate of $250 thousand in cash and recorded $2.0 million in consideration payable to acquire the assets. In addition, the Company and recorded approximately $0.9 million of customer list intangible assets and goodwill in the amount of approximately $1.35 million in conjunction with the acquisition. The goodwill from the acquisition is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The effects of the acquired assets have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. The above referenced acquisition was made to expand the Company’s insurance activities.

Note 3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements contain all of the adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025; the results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025; the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025; the changes in stockholders' equity for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025; and the cash flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual Consolidated Financial Statements of Arrow for the year ended December 31, 2025 included in Arrow's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the "2025 Form 10-K").

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses", requires new financial statement disclosures, disaggregating information for certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statements, including employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, which revises the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The ASU will become effective in interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and early adoption is permitted. Aside from complying with the new disclosure requirements, the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Other recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted as of September 30, 2026 are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, annual results of operations and/or cash flows.

Management’s Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimates are the allowance for credit losses, the evaluation of impairment of investment securities, goodwill impairment, pension and other postretirement liabilities and an analysis of a need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

A material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term is the allowance for credit losses. In connection with the determination of the allowance for credit losses, management obtains appraisals for properties. The allowance for credit losses is management’s best estimate of expected credit losses as of the balance sheet date. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (CECL) approach requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of a loan (or pool of loans). The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from, or added to, the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net lifetime amount expected to be collected on the loans. Credit losses are charged off against the allowance when management believes a loan balance to be uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

Management estimates the allowance using relevant available information from internal and external sources related to past events, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable single economic forecast. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Arrow's historical loss experience is supplemented with peer information when there is insufficient loss data for Arrow. Peer selection is based on a review of institutions with comparable loss experience as well as loan yield, bank size, portfolio concentration and geography. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in credit concentrations, delinquency level, collateral values and underwriting standards as well as changes in economic conditions or other relevant factors. Management judgment is required at each point in the measurement process.

Portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses. Management developed portfolio segments for estimating loss based on type of borrower and collateral as follows:

Commercial Loans

Commercial Real Estate Loans

Consumer Loans

Residential Loans

Further details related to loan portfolio segments are included in Note 5. Loans of this Form 10-Q.

Arrow utilizes regression analyses of peer data where observed credit losses and selected economic factors were utilized to determine suitable loss drivers for modeling lifetime probability of default (PD) rates. Arrow uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to estimate expected credit losses for the commercial, commercial real estate, and residential segments. For each of these loan segments, Arrow generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery, PD, and segment-specific loss given default (LGD) risk factors. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data and adjusted, if necessary, based on the reasonable and supportable forecast of economic conditions.

For the loan segments utilizing the DCF method (commercial, commercial real estate, and residential) management utilizes externally developed economic forecast of the following economic factors as loss drivers: national unemployment, gross domestic product and Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index (HPI). The economic forecast is applied over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Arrow utilizes a six quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period with an eight quarter reversion to the historic mean on a straight-line basis.

The combination of adjustments for credit expectations (default and loss) and timing expectations (prepayment, curtailment, and time to recovery) produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce an instrument-level net present value of expected cash flows (NPV). An allowance for credit loss is established for the difference between the instrument’s NPV and amortized cost basis.

For acquired loans, an allowance for credit losses is established for PCD loans and purchased seasoned loans ("PSL" loans). The allowance for credit losses at the date of acquisition is added to the purchase price to determine the initial amortized cost basis for PCD and PSL loans. Credit losses are estimated using expected credit losses on the basis of the unpaid principal balance of the loans.

Arrow uses the vintage analysis method to estimate expected credit losses for the consumer loan segment. The vintage method was selected since the loans within the consumer loan segment are homogeneous, not just by risk characteristic, but by loan structure. Under the vintage analysis method, a loss rate is calculated based on the quarterly net charge-offs to the outstanding loan balance for each vintage year over the lookback period. Once this periodic loss rate is calculated for each quarter in the lookback period, the periodic rates are averaged into the loss rate. The loss rate is then applied to the outstanding loan balances based on the loan's vintage year. Arrow maintains, over the life of the loan, the loss curve by vintage year. If estimated losses computed by the vintage method need to be adjusted based on current conditions and the reasonable and supportable economic forecast, these adjustments would be incorporated over a six quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period, reverting to historical losses using a straight-line method over an eight quarter period.

Arrow considers the need to qualitatively adjust expected credit loss estimates for information not already captured in the loss estimation process. These qualitative factor adjustments may increase or decrease management’s estimate of expected credit losses. Adjustments are not made for information that has already been considered and included in the loss estimation process.

Arrow considers the qualitative factors that are relevant to Arrow as of the reporting date, which may include, but are not limited to the following factors:

•The nature and volume of Arrow's financial assets;

•The existence, growth, and effect of any concentrations of credit;

•The volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans;

•The value of the underlying collateral for loans that are not collateral-dependent;

•Arrow's lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collections, write-offs, and recoveries;

•The quality of Arrow's loan review function;

•The experience, ability, and depth of Arrow's lending, investment, collection, and other relevant management/staff;

•The effect of other external factors such as the regulatory, legal and technological environments; competition; and events such as natural disasters;

•Actual and expected changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments in which the institution operates that affect the collectability of financial assets; and

•Other qualitative factors not reflected in quantitative loss rate calculations.

All loans that exceed $250 thousand which are on nonaccrual, are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent financial assets where Arrow has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and Arrow expects repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral, Arrow has elected to measure the allowance for credit loss as the difference between the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, and the amortized cost basis of the asset as of the measurement date. In the event the repayment of a collateral dependent financial asset is expected to be provided substantially through the operation of the collateral, Arrow will use fair value of the collateral at the reporting date when recording the net carrying amount of the asset and determining the allowance for credit losses. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The allowance for credit losses may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the financial asset.

Arrow evaluates whether a modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan, consistent with the current GAAP treatment for other loan modifications. In addition, Arrow evaluates and if necessary, discloses if loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty contain a financial concession

Estimated Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Recognized as Other Liabilities -Arrow estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which Arrow has exposure to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by Arrow. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures recognized in other liabilities, is adjusted as an expense in other non-interest expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives. Estimating credit losses on unfunded commitments requires Arrow to consider the following categories of off-balance sheet credit exposure: unfunded commitments to extend credit, unfunded lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Each of these unfunded commitments is then analyzed for a probability of funding to calculate a probable funding amount. The life of loan loss factor by related portfolio segment from the loan allowance for credit loss calculation is then applied to the probable funding amount to calculate the estimated credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures recognized as other liabilities.

Note 4. INVESTMENT SECURITIES (In Thousands)

The following table is the schedule of Available-For-Sale ("AFS") Securities at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

There wasno allowance for credit losses for the AFS debt securities portfolio at either September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

The following is a summary of realized gains and losses recognized in net income on available-for-sale securities sold during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities sold during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025.

The following table is the schedule of Held-To-Maturity ("HTM") Securities at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

In the tables above, maturities of mortgage-backed securities are included based on their contractual lives. Actual maturities will differ because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

Securities in a continuous loss position, in the tables above for September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 do not reflect any material deterioration of the credit worthiness of the issuing entities.

Arrow evaluates AFS debt securities in unrealized loss positions at each measurement date to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or non-credit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized within the allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings via credit loss expense. Arrow determined that at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, gross unrealized losses were attributable to changes in interest rates, relative to when the investment securities were purchased, and not due to the credit quality of the investment securities. Arrow does not intend to sell, nor is it more likely than not that Arrow will be required to sell, any securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Therefore, Arrow carriedno allowance for credit loss at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025 and there wasno credit loss expense recognized by

Arrow with respect to the securities portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 or the year ended December 31, 2025.

Arrow's HTM debt securities are comprised of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) or state and municipal obligations. GSE securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, are widely recognized as “risk free,” and have a long history of zero credit loss. Arrow determined that the expected credit loss on its HTM debt portfolio was immaterial and thereforeno allowance for credit loss was recorded as of September 30, 2026.

The following table is the schedule of Equity Securities at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The following is a summary of realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in income on equity securities during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025:

Note 5. LOANS (In Thousands)

Loan Categories and Past Due Loans

The following two tables present loan balances outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and an analysis of the recorded investment in loans that are past due at these dates. Generally, Arrow considers a loan past due 30 or more days when the borrower is two payments past due when monthly payments are required. Loans held-for-sale of $1.3 million and $3.4 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, are included in the residential real estate balances for current loans.

The Company recognized $0 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025 .

Arrow disaggregates its loan portfolio into the following four categories:

Commercial - Arrow offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of our commercial customers including term loans, time notes and lines of credit. Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital needs such as inventory and receivables, business expansion and equipment purchases. Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower. In the event of default by the borrower, Arrow may be required to liquidate collateral at deeply discounted values. To reduce the risk, management usually obtains personal guarantees to support the borrowing, as permitted by applicable law.

Commercial Real Estate - Arrow offers commercial real estate loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions and improvements to commercial properties. Commercial real estate loans are made to finance the purchases of real property which generally consists of real estate with completed structures. These commercial real estate loans are typically secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, hotels, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities, and both owner- and non-owner-occupied facilities. Arrow also offers commercial construction and land development loans to finance projects. Many projects will ultimately be used by the borrowers' businesses, while others are developed for resale. These real estate loans are also typically secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, hotels, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities and both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied facilities. There is elevated risk during the construction period, since the loan is secured by an incomplete project. Arrow’s commercial real estate loans are primarily located within the footprint of the Company’s branch network, with some loans extending into the greater upstate New York area. Arrow does not provide commercial real estate loans in major metropolitan areas such as New York City, Boston, etc.

Consumer Loans - This category is primarily comprised of automobile loans. Arrow primarily finances the purchases of automobiles indirectly through dealer relationships located throughout upstate New York and Vermont. Most automobile loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from three toseven years. Automobile loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed. Arrow also offers a variety of consumer installment loans to finance personal expenditures. Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging fromone tofive years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. In addition to installment loans, Arrow also offers personal lines of credit and overdraft protection. Several of these consumer loans are unsecured, which carry a higher risk of loss.

Residential - Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by first or second mortgages on primary residences. Arrow originates fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase of real estate or refinancing of an existing mortgage. These loans are collateralized primarily by owner-occupied properties generally located in Arrow's market area. Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower), or have private mortgage insurance. Arrow’s underwriting analysis for residential mortgage loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, and a review of the borrower’s financial condition. Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. It is Arrow's general practice to underwrite residential real estate loans to secondary market standards. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period. In addition, Arrow offers fixed home equity loans, as well as home equity lines of credit to consumers to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, education and other uses. Arrow originates home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a second junior lien position on one-to-four-family residential real estate). Risk is generally reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows. A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Loan segments were selected by class code and application code to ensure each segment is comprised of loans with homogenous loan characteristics and similar risk profiles. The resulting loan segments are commercial, commercial real estate, consumer and residential real estate loans. Please see Note 3. Accounting Policies for additional detail on our Allowance for Credit Losses.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025:

Estimated Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Recognized in Other Liabilities

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, estimated credit losses on unfunded off-balance sheet credit exposures were $1.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, and were included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Collateral Dependent Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Through the provision for credit losses, an allowance for credit losses is maintained that reflects the best estimate of the calculated expected credit losses in Arrow's loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Additions are made to the allowance for credit losses through a periodic provision for credit losses. Actual credit losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses when loans are deemed uncollectible and recoveries of amounts previously charged off are recorded as credits to the allowance for credit losses.

Arrow's loan officers and risk managers meet at least quarterly to discuss and review the conditions and risks associated with certain criticized and classified commercial-related relationships. In addition, the independent internal loan review department performs periodic reviews of the credit quality indicators on individual loans in the commercial loan portfolio.

Arrow considers the need to qualitatively adjust expected credit loss estimates for information not already captured in the loss estimation process. These qualitative factor adjustments may increase or decrease management’s estimate of expected credit losses. Adjustments are not made for information that has already been considered and included in the loss estimation

process.

Please see Note 3. Accounting Policies for the qualitative factors that are relevant as of the reporting date.

Loan Credit Quality Indicators and Modifications

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or interest rate reduction. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concession on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. The Company did not modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2025 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, by class and by type of modification.

The following table presents the performance of loans that have been modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the last 12 months.

There were no defaults during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.

The following tables present credit quality indicators by total loans amortized cost basis by origination year as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

For the purposes of the tables above, nonperforming consumer and residential loans were those loans on nonaccrual status or were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest.

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $614 thousand and $795 thousand, respectively.

For the allowance calculation, an internally developed system of five credit quality indicators is used to rate the credit worthiness of each commercial loan defined as follows:

1. Satisfactory - "Satisfactory" borrowers have acceptable financial condition with satisfactory record of earnings and sufficient historical and projected cash flow to service the debt. Borrowers have satisfactory repayment histories and primary and secondary sources of repayment can be clearly identified;

2. Special Mention - Loans in this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. "Special mention" assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Loans which might be assigned this credit quality indicator include loans to borrowers with deteriorating financial strength and/or earnings record and loans with potential for problems due to weakening economic or market conditions;

3. Substandard - Loans classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current net worth or paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that Arrow will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. “Substandard” loans may include loans which are likely to require liquidation of collateral to effect repayment, and other loans where character or ability to repay has become suspect. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard;

4. Doubtful - Loans classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Although possibility of loss is extremely high, classification of these loans as “loss” has been deferred due to specific pending factors or events which may strengthen the value (e.g. possibility of additional collateral, injection of capital, collateral liquidation, debt restructure, economic recovery, etc.). Loans classified as “doubtful” need to be placed on nonaccrual; and

5. Loss - Loans classified as “loss” are considered uncollectible with collateral of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. As of the date of the balance sheet, all loans in this category have been charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.

Commercial loans are generally evaluated on an annual basis depending on the size and complexity of the loan relationship, unless the credit related quality indicator falls to a level of "special mention" or below, when the loan is evaluated quarterly. The credit quality indicator is one of the factors used in assessing the level of incurred risk of loss in our commercial related loan portfolios.

Note 6. DEBT (Dollars in Thousands)

Schedule of Borrowings:

Arrow Bank has in place unsecured federal funds lines of credit with two correspondent banks. As a member of the FHLBNY, Arrow participates in the advance program which allows for overnight and term advances up to the limit of pledged collateral, including FHLBNY stock and any loans secured by real estate such as commercial real estate, residential real estate and home equity loans (see Note 4. Investment Securities and Note 5. Loans). The maximum borrowing capacities at the FHLBNY and FRB are determined based on the fair value of the collateral pledged, subject to discounts determined by the respective lenders. As of September 30, 2026, the carrying cost of collateral was approximately $1.5 billion for FHLBNY and approximately $936 million for the FRB, and $1064 million for FHLBNY and $939 million for the FRB as of December 31, 2025, respectively. As of September 30, 2026, the fair value for the FHLBNY collateral was approximately $1.3 billion and approximately $698 million for the FRB, and $948 million for the FHLBNY and $707 million for the FRB as of December 31, 2025, respectively. The investment in FHLBNY stock is proportional to the total of Arrow's overnight and term advances (see the schedule of FRB and FHLB Stock in Note 4. Investment Securities). Arrow Bank has also established borrowing facilities with the FRB of New York for potential “discount window” advances, pledging certain consumer loans as collateral (see Note 5. Loans).

Long Term Debt - FHLBNY Term Advances

In addition to overnight advances, Arrow Bank also borrows longer-term funds from the FHLBNY.

Maturity Schedule of FHLBNY Term Advances:

Long Term Debt - Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Corporation's Junior Subordinated Debentures

At September 30, 2026, Arrow had financial instruments issued by separate subsidiary business trusts of Arrow identified as “Junior Subordinated Obligations Issued to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trusts” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The first of thefour classes of trust-issued instruments outstanding at September 30, 2026 was issued by ACST II, a Delaware business trust established on July 16, 2003, upon the filing of a certificate of trust with the Delaware Secretary of State. In July 2003, ACST II issued all of its voting (common) stock to Arrow and issued and sold to an unaffiliated purchaser 30-year guaranteed preferred beneficial interests in the trust's assets ("ACST II TRUPS"). The rate on the securities is variable and tied to the 3-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 3.15%. ACST II used the proceeds of the sale of the ACST II TRUPS to purchase an identical amount of junior subordinated debentures issued by Arrow that bear an interest rate identical at all times to the rate payable on the ACST II TRUPS. The ACST II TRUPS became redeemable after July 23, 2008 and mature on July 23, 2033.

The second of the four classes of trust-issued instruments outstanding at year-end was issued by ACST III, a Delaware business trust established on December 23, 2004, upon the filing of a certificate of trust with the Delaware Secretary of State. On December 28, 2004, the ACST III issued all of its voting (common) stock to Arrow and issued and sold to an unaffiliated purchaser 30-year guaranteed preferred beneficial interests in the trust's assets ("ACST III TRUPS"). The rate on the ACST III TRUPS is a variable rate, adjusting quarterly to the 3-month SOFR plus 2.00%. ACST III used the proceeds of the sale of the ACST III TRUPS to purchase an identical amount of junior subordinated debentures issued by Arrow that bear an interest rate identical at all times to the rate payable on the ACST III TRUPS. The ACST III TRUPS became redeemable on or after March 31, 2010 and mature on December 28, 2034.

Arrow has entered into interest rate swaps to synthetically fix the variable rate interest payments associated with $20 million in outstanding subordinated trust securities attributable to the ACST Trusts. These agreements are designated as cash flow hedges.

The primary assets of the ACST Trusts are Arrow's junior subordinated debentures discussed above, and the sole revenues of the ACST Trusts are payments received by them from Arrow with respect to the junior subordinated debentures. The trust preferred securities issued by the Trusts are non-voting. All common voting securities of the Trusts are owned by Arrow. Arrow used the net proceeds from its sale of junior subordinated debentures to the Trusts, facilitated by the Trusts' sale of their trust preferred securities to the purchasers thereof, for general corporate purposes. The trust preferred securities and underlying junior subordinated debentures, with associated expense that is tax deductible, qualify as Tier I capital under regulatory definitions.

As part of the acquisition of Adirondack, Arrow acquired junior subordinated debentures. On July 31, 2001, Adirondack participated, at an amount of $3 million, in a pooled offering of trust preferred securities. Adirondack formed Adirondack Statutory Trust I, a wholly owned statutory trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing the trust preferred securities. Arrow now owns all of the $93,000 in common equity of Trust I. The Trust used the proceeds from the issuance of the trust preferred securities and common equity to acquire subordinated debentures of Adirondack. The trust preferred securities essentially mirror the debt securities, carrying a cumulative preferred dividend at a variable rate equal to the 3 month SOFR +3.58% interest rate on the debt securities. The trust preferred securities and the debt securities were fully redeemed effective October 31, 2026.

On September 17, 2003, Adirondack participated, at an amount of $5 million, in an additional pooled offering of trust preferred securities. Adirondack formed Adirondack Statutory Trust II, a wholly-owned statutory trust subsidiary for the purpose of issuing the trust preferred securities. Arrow now owns all of the $155,000 in common equity of Trust II. The Trust used the proceeds from the issuance of the trust preferred securities and common equity to acquire subordinated debentures of Adirondack. The trust preferred securities essentially mirror the debt securities, carrying a cumulative preferred dividend at a variable rate equal to the 3 month SOFR +3.05% interest rate on the debt securities. The debt securities and the trust preferred securities each have 30 year lives. The trust preferred securities and the debt securities are callable by Arrow or the Trust, at their respective option after five years, and at varying premiums and sooner in specific events, subject to prior approval by the Federal Reserve Board, if then required.

Arrow's primary source of funds to pay interest on the debentures that are held by the Trusts are current dividends received by Arrow from Arrow Bank. Accordingly, Arrow's ability to make payments on the debentures, and the ability of the Trusts to make payments on their trust preferred securities, are dependent upon the continuing ability of Arrow Bank to pay dividends to Arrow. Since the trust preferred securities issued by the subsidiary trusts and the underlying junior subordinated debentures issued by Arrow at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are classified as debt for financial statement purposes, the expense associated with these securities is recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Schedule of Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Corporation's Junior Subordinated Debentures

Note 7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (In Thousands)

The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of Arrow's off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit and commitments under standby letters of credit as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Arrow is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit include home equity lines of credit, commitments for residential and commercial construction loans and other personal and commercial lines of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of the involvement Arrow has in particular classes of financial instruments.

Arrow's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. Arrow uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are not expected to be fully drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Arrow evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate. Construction lines of credit are secured by underlying real estate. For other lines of credit, the amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by Arrow upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties. Most of the commitments are variable rate instruments.

Arrow does not issue any guarantees that would require liability-recognition or disclosure, other than its standby letters of credit. Arrow has issued conditional commitments in the form of standby letters of credit to guarantee payment on behalf of a customer and guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally arise in connection with commercial lending relationships. The credit risk involved in issuing these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Contingent obligations under standby letters of credit at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 represent the maximum potential future payments Arrow could be required to make. Typically, these instruments have terms of 12 months or less and expire unused; therefore, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer is evaluated individually for creditworthiness under the same underwriting standards used for commitments to extend credit and on-balance sheet instruments. Arrow's policies governing loan collateral apply to standby letters of credit at the time of credit extension. Loan-to-value ratios will generally range from 50% for movable assets, such as inventory, to 100% for liquid assets, such as bank CDs. Fees for standby letters of credit range from 1% to 3% of the notional amount. Fees are collected upfront and amortized over the life of the commitment. The carrying amount and fair value of Arrow's standby letters of credit at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, were insignificant. The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on the fees currently charged for similar agreements or the cost to terminate the arrangement with the counterparties.

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is determined by estimating the fees to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms and present creditworthiness of the counterparties, and for fixed rate loan commitments, the difference between the current and committed interest rates. Arrow provides several types of commercial lines of credit and standby letters of credit to its commercial customers. The pricing of these services is not isolated as Arrow considers the customer's complete deposit and borrowing relationship in pricing individual products and services. The commitments to extend credit also include commitments under home equity lines of credit, for which Arrow charges no fee. The carrying value and fair value of commitments to extend credit are not material and Arrow does not expect to incur any material loss as a result of these commitments.

In the normal course of business, Arrow and Arrow Bank become involved in a variety of routine legal proceedings. At September 30, 2026, there were no legal proceedings pending or threatened, which in the opinion of management and counsel, would result in a material loss to Arrow. Legal expenses incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Note 8. COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (In Thousands)

The following table presents the components of other comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025:

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component:

(1) All amounts are net of tax.

The following table presents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss:

Note 9. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Dollars In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

Arrow has established three stock-based compensation plans: a Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP).

Long Term Incentive Plan

The LTIP provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the LTIP.

Restricted Stock Awards - In the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company granted restricted stock awards which will generally vest over athree tofour-year period. Unvested restricted stock will generally be forfeited if the recipient ceases to be employed by the Company, with limited exceptions. Grantees of restricted stock awards are entitled to receive all dividends and distributions declared and paid on restricted stock, or cash payments equivalent to such dividends or distributions, including those declared and paid during the vesting period.

The following table summarizes information about restricted stock awards for the year to date period ended September 30, 2026:

The following table presents information on the amounts expensed related to restricted stock for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025:

Stock Options - Options may be granted at a price no less than the greater of the par value or fair market value of such shares on the date on which such option is granted, and generally expireten years from the date of grant. The options usually vest over afour-year period.

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity for the nine month period ended September 30, 2026:

The following table presents information on the amounts expensed related to stock options for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Arrow maintains a qualified ESPP. Under this plan, the amount of the discount is 10%.

Director Stock Plan

Arrow maintains a director stock plan, pursuant to which a portion of the directors’ fees, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, is paid to the directors in shares of Company common stock, as opposed to cash or any other form of compensation, subject to applicable law. Each director may elect to receive a greater amount or percentage of his or her directors’ fees payable in common stock from the portion that would otherwise have been payable in cash to the director.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Arrow maintains an ESOP, pursuant to which substantially all employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate upon satisfaction of applicable service requirements. The Company may make, and historically has made, a cash contribution to the ESOP each year.

Note 10. RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Dollars in Thousands)

Arrow sponsors qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for its employees. Arrow maintains a non-contributory pension plan, which covers substantially all employees. Arrow also maintains a supplemental non-qualified unfunded retirement plan to provide eligible employees of Arrow and its subsidiaries with benefits in excess of qualified plan limits imposed by federal tax law.

Arrow has multiple non-pension postretirement benefit plans. The health care, dental and life insurance plans are contributory, with participants’ contributions adjusted annually. Arrow’s policy is to fund the cost of postretirement benefits based on the current cost of the underlying policies. However, the health care plan provision allows for grandfathered participants to receive automatic increases of Company contributions each year based on the increase in inflation, limited to a maximum of 5%.

The following tables provide the components of net periodic benefit costs for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025:

(1) Included in Salaries and Employee Benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Income

(2) Included in Other Operating Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income

A contribution to the qualified pension plan was not required during the nine month period ended September 30, 2026 and currently, additional contributions in 2026 are not expected. Arrow makes contributions to its other post-retirement benefit plans in an amount equal to benefit payments for the year.

Note 11. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share ("EPS") for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2026 and 2025.

1 The Company issued 1,977,250 shares of common stock in consideration for the acquisition of Adirondack. Refer to Note 2 for further details.

Note 12. FAIR VALUES (Dollars In Thousands)

FASB defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. There are no nonfinancial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The only assets or liabilities that Arrow measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were AFS securities, equity securities and derivatives. Arrow held no securities or liabilities for trading on such dates.

The table below presents the financial instrument's fair value and the amounts within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:

The fair value of financial instruments is determined under the following hierarchy:

•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and,

•Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The fair value of Level 1 AFS securities are based on unadjusted, quoted market prices from exchanges in active markets. The fair value of Level 2 AFS securities are based on an independent bond and equity pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities and an independent equity pricing service for equity securities not actively traded. The pricing services use a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows. The fair value of Level 2 equities are based on the last observable price in open markets. The fair value of Level 2 derivatives is determined using inputs that are observable in the market place obtained from third parties including yield curves, publicly available volatilities, and floating indexes.

Fair Value Methodology for Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

The fair value of collateral dependent individually evaluated loans and other real estate owned is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral which is based on the appraised value less costs to sell. Significant unobservable inputs used in this valuation technique include capitalization rates which ranged from 7% -10%. The appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. Arrow evaluates each of these assets for impairment at least annually, with no impairment recognized for these assets at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Fair Value Methodology for Financial Instruments Not Measured on a Recurring or Nonrecurring Basis

The fair value for securities held-to-maturity is determined utilizing an independent bond pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities. The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows.

Local municipal held-to-maturity securities are recorded at cost on the financial statements. That determination is due to several factors including that there is no reliable external pricing available, the vast majority of maturities are under 1-year, and each are guaranteed by their respective municipalities, who are in turn guaranteed by the State of New York.

ASC 820 requires that the fair value for loans must be disclosed using the "exit price" notion which is a reasonable estimate of what another party might pay in an orderly transaction. Fair values for loans are calculated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial, commercial real estate, residential mortgage, indirect auto and other consumer loans. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable interest rate terms and by performing and nonperforming categories. The fair value of performing loans is calculated by determining the estimated future cash flow, which is the contractual cash flow adjusted for estimated prepayments. The discount rate is determined by starting with current market yields, and first adjusting for a liquidity premium. This premium is separately determined for each loan type. Then a credit loss component is determined utilizing the credit loss assumptions used in the allowance for credit loss model. Finally, a discount spread is applied separately for consumer loans vs. commercial loans based on market information and utilization of the swap curve.

The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rates are estimated using the FHLBNY yield curve, which is considered representative of Arrow’s time deposit rates.

The fair value of FHLBNY advances is calculated by the FHLBNY.

The carrying amount of FHLBNY and FRB stock approximates fair value. If the stock was redeemed, Arrow will receive an amount equal to the par value of the stock.

Fair Value by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following table presents a summary of the carrying amount, the fair value (exit price) or an amount approximating fair value and the fair value hierarchy of Arrow’s financial instruments:

Note 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (In Thousands)

Arrow is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. Arrow principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. Arrow manages economic risks, including interest rate, primarily by managing the amount, sources and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative instruments. Specifically, Arrow enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. Arrow's derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to certain fixed rate borrowings. Arrow also has interest rate derivatives that result from a service provided to certain qualifying customers and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in Arrow's assets or liabilities. Arrow's goal is to have a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Arrow enters into interest rate swap agreements with its commercial customers to provide them with a long-term fixed rate, while simultaneously entering into offsetting interest rate swap agreements with a counterparty to swap the fixed rate to a variable rate to manage interest rate exposure.

These interest rate swap agreements are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes. As the interest rate swap agreements have substantially equivalent and offsetting terms, they do not present material interest rate exposure to Arrow's consolidated statements of income. Arrow records its interest rate swap agreements at fair value and is presented on a gross basis within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities arising from these derivatives are included, net, in other income in the consolidated statement of income.

The following table depicts the fair value adjustment recorded related to the notional amount of derivatives, not designated as hedging instruments, outstanding as well as the notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements:

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

In the third quarter of 2024, Arrow entered into a forward interest rate swap agreement which commenced in the first quarter of 2025, designated as hedging instruments, to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to the variability of the future cash flows attributable to the contractually specified interest rates. The notional amount is $125 million and will synthetically fix the variable rate interest payments. The effective fixed rate is 3.29% until maturity. Arrow entered into pay-fixed interest rate swaps to convert rolling 90 days brokered deposits or FHLB borrowings.

For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedge transaction affects earnings.

The following tables indicate the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and on the consolidated statement of income.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, Arrow entered intotwo interest rate swaps, designated as hedging instruments, to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to the variability of the future cash flows attributable to the contractually specified interest rates. The notional amounts were $100 million and $75 million, respectively. Arrow entered into pay-fixed interest rate swaps to convert rolling 90 days brokered deposits or FHLB borrowings.

In the third quarter of 2025, Arrow voluntarily terminated these swaps as part of Arrow's ongoing interest-rate risk management and concurrently entered intotwo new pay-fixed, receive-variable longer termed swaps with lower fixed rates and identical notional amounts. The benefit of the lower fixed rates will be partially offset by early termination fees of $1.4 million that will be amortized over the life of the terminated swaps. In the table below, the $324 thousand year-to-date loss and $172 thousand quarter-to-date loss, reclassified from AOCI interest expense includes $929 thousand year-to-date September 30, 2026 and $313 thousand quarter-to-date September 30, 2026 of amortized loss related to these terminated swaps. There wasno amortized loss related to these terminated swaps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

In the third quarter of 2026, Arrow voluntarily terminated the $75 million swap and partially terminated $50 million of the $100 million swap as part of Arrow's liquidity management.

For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the quarter ended September 30, 2026, certain forecasted transactions associated with previously designated cash flow hedges became probable of not occurring within the originally specified time period or within the subsequent two-month period. Accordingly, Arrow reclassified the related amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings, including a gain of $1.1 million and a loss of $388 thousand.

The following tables indicate the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and on the consolidated statement of income.

In 2019, Arrow entered into interest rate swaps to synthetically fix the variable rate interest payments associated with $20 million in outstanding subordinated trust securities. These agreements are designated as cash flow hedges.

The following tables indicate the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI and on the consolidated statement of income.

For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedge transaction affects earnings.

Note 14: Segment Reporting

The Company's revenue is primarily derived from community banking. Arrow's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") is considered to be the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The CEO manages its operations and monitors its financial performance on a consolidated basis. The Executive Management Team includes the following officers of the Company:

•President and CEO,

•Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Chief Accounting Officer,

•Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer,

•Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Banking Officer,

•Executive Vice President, Chief Information Officer, and

•Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer.

Financial performance is reported to the CODM monthly. Net consolidated income and EPS are the primary measures used by the Executive Management Team to evaluate Arrow's performance. Secondary measures include metrics like return on average assets and Net Interest Margin. All measures are reviewed and either affirmed or changed annually by the CODM and the Board of Directors. The presentation of financial performance to the CODM is consistent with the amounts and financial statement captions shown on the Company's consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. Significant expenses of the Company are adequately segmented in the consolidated statements of income to include all significant items when considering both quantitative and qualitative factors. These significant expenses include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expense, technology and equipment expense, FDIC assessments and other operating expense.

All of the Company's financial results are considered by the Executive Management Team to be aggregated intoone reportable segment which is community banking. While the Company does designate management responsibilities by certain business-lines, the Company's CODM evaluates financial performance on a Company-wide basis. The primary source of Arrow's revenue is from its community banking operation. All of Arrow's designated business lines have either similar characteristics, products and services, or are complementary products. Therefore, the operations of the Company are managed and considered by the Executive Management Team asone reportable segment.