READING INTERNATIONAL INC

Note 1 – Description of Business and Segment Reporting

Our Company

Reading International, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“RDI” and collectively with our consolidated subsidiaries and corporate predecessors, the “Company,” “Reading,” and “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in 1999. Our businesses, owned and operated through our various subsidiaries, consist primarily of:

the development, ownership, and operation of cinemas in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand; and

the development, ownership, operation and/or rental of retail, commercial and live venue real estate assets in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.

Business Segments

Reported below are the operating segments of our Company for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision-maker of our Company. As part of our real estate activities, we hold undeveloped land in urban and suburban centers in the United States and New Zealand.

The table below summarizes the results of operations for each of our business segments for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Operating expense includes costs associated with the day-to-day operations of the cinemas and the management of rental properties, including our live theatre assets.

A reconciliation of segment operating income to income before income taxes is as follows:

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries as well as majority-owned subsidiaries that our Company controls, and should be read in conjunction with our Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim reporting with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). As such, they do not include all information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. We believe that we have included all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period.

Operating results for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto. Significant estimates include (i) projections we make regarding the recoverability and impairment of our assets (including goodwill and intangibles), (ii) valuations of our derivative instruments, (iii) recoverability of our deferred tax assets, (iv) estimation of breakage and redemption experience rates, which drive how we recognize breakage on our gift card and gift certificates, and revenue from our customer loyalty program, and (v) estimation of our Incremental Borrowing Rate (“IBR”) as relates to the valuation of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Note 3 – Impacts on our Business Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the 2023 Hollywood Strikes, the Dramatic Interest Rate Rise and Increased Operating Costs, together with our Company’s Resources

General

COVID-19 has materially impacted our business since the declaration of a global pandemic in March 2020. Having navigated mandated global closures during the pandemic, our cinema operations were, again, materially disrupted and materially adversely impacted by the 2023 strikes by the Writers Guild of America (WGA) and the American actors’ union SAG-AFTRA (Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists) (SAG) over labor disputes with the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP). Also, between March 2022 and July 2023, the Federal Reserve increased the Federal Funds rate from 0.25% to 5.5%, which represented the fastest interest rate tightening in U.S. history.

Due to these and other factors, we are experiencing, among other things, soft cinema revenues, increasing costs related to inventory, labor and utilities, and many of our U.S. cinemas are obligated to repay rent deferrals to our landlords as negotiated in 2020-2024. In addition, some of our cinemas are facing automatic rent increases. Cost-reduction efforts in our cinema operating segment continue, including, but not limited to, restricting essential operating expenditures to the minimum levels necessary, reducing employment and utilities costs, and minimizing capital outlays. We continue to work with our landlords to manage our rent obligations. We believe that our film revenues have been adversely impacted by decisions by major film distributors to delay the release of major motion pictures during the 2023 Hollywood Strikes and by the unavailability of actors to promote those pictures that were released during this period. These adverse impacts have carried over into our first quarter.

Our Real Estate operating segment has been less impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and is generating the expected cash flows.

Going Concern

We continue to evaluate the going concern assertion required by ASC 205-40 Going Concern as it relates to our Company. The evaluation of the going concern assertion involves firstly considering whether it is probable that our Company has sufficient resources, as at the issue date of the financial statements, to meet its obligations as they fall due for twelve months following the issue date. Should it be probable that there are not sufficient resources, we must determine whether it is probable that our plans will mitigate the consequential going concern substantial doubt. Our evaluation is informed by current liquidity positions, debt obligations, cash flow estimates, known capital and other expenditure requirements and commitments and our current business plan and strategies. Our Company’s business plan - two businesses (real estate and cinema) in three countries (Australia, New Zealand and the U.S.) - has served us well since the onset of COVID-19 and is key to management’s overall evaluation of ASC 205-40 Going Concern.

As of the end of the first quarter, 2024, we have $41.9 million of debt due in twelve months. At March 31, 2024, we have cash of $7.5 million and negative working capital of $114.6 million. In order to alleviate doubt that our Company will be able to generate sufficient cash flows for the coming twelve-months, these loans need to be refinanced and our revenues and net income need to improve through improved operations and asset monetization.

In April 2024, we exercised our first option to extend our Union Square financing facility, extending the maturity date of that loan ($47.1 million at March 31, 2024) to May 6, 2025. We also obtained an extension of our NAB facility ($65.2 million at March 31, 2024), extending the maturity date of that loan to July 31, 2026. This extension also includes a bridge loan in the amount of AU$20.0 million, maturing on March 31, 2025, subject to prepayment obligations from the net sales proceeds of certain assets. We are in discussions with and believe that we will be able to reach mutually acceptable terms with respect to our Santander ($8.0 million, due second quarter of 2024), Cinemas 123 ($20.9 million, due third quarter of 2024) and our Westpac ($8.3 million, due first quarter of 2025) credit facilities.

We believe that the global cinema industry will continue to improve in the last half of 2024 and 2025. This belief underpins our forecasts and cash flow projections. Our forecasts rely upon, among other things, the market reception to current films such as Inside Out 2, Deadpool and Wolverine Despicable Me 4, the current industry movie release schedule, which demonstrates an increased number of movies to be released from the major studios and other distributors and an improvement in the quality of the movie titles, and the public’s demonstrable desire to attend movies in a theatrical environment. These named factors are both out of Management’s control and are material, individually and in the aggregate, to the realization of Management’s forecasts and expectations. In the event that our forecasts and cash flow estimates, and our reasonable refinancing expectations, do not come to fruition to the extent needed to provide sufficient funding, we are willing and able to pursue additional asset monetizations. Since 2021, we have demonstrated our ability to complete such real estate transactions.

In conclusion, as of the date of issuance of these financial statements, based on our evaluation of ASC 205-40 Going Concern and the current conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, and our various plans for enhancing liquidity and the extent to which those plans are progressing, we conclude that our plans are probable of being implemented and that they alleviate the substantial doubt about our Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Impairment Considerations

Our Company considers that the events and factors described above constitute impairment indicators under ASC 360 Property, Plant and Equipment. At December 31, 2023, our Company performed a quantitative recoverability test of the carrying values of all its asset groups. Our Company estimated the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of these asset groups and found that no impairment charge was necessary. As noted above, the financial performance of our cinemas has been improving. This improved performance at an asset group level, and the impact of this performance on our impairment modelling, resulted inno impairment charges being recognized for the first three months of 2024. Actual performance against our forecasts is dependent on several variables and conditions, many of which are subject to the uncertainties associated with among other things, the factors presented above, and as a result, actual results may materially differ from management’s estimates.

Our Company also considers that the events and factors described above continue to constitute impairment indicators under ASC 350 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Our Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test and determined that our goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2023. The test was performed at a reporting unit level by comparing each reporting unit’s carrying value, including goodwill, to its fair value. The fair value of each reporting unit was assessed using a discounted cash flow model based on the budgetary revisions performed by management in response to COVID-19 and the developing market conditions. Given the continuing improvements in trading conditions, no impairment charges were recorded in the first three months of 2024. Actual performance against our forecasts is dependent on several variables and conditions, including among other things, the factors presented above, and as a result, actual results may materially differ from management’s estimates.

Note 4 – Operations in Foreign Currency

We have significant assets in Australia and New Zealand. Historically, we have conducted our Australian and New Zealand operations (collectively “foreign operations”) on a self-funding basis, where we use cash flows generated by our foreign operations to pay for the expenses of those foreign operations. However, in recent periods, cash flows from our overseas operations have been used to cover our domestic general and administrative costs, interest expense, and loss from our domestic cinema operations. Our Australian and New Zealand assets and liabilities are translated from their functional currencies of Australian dollar (“AU$”) and New Zealand dollar (“NZ$”), respectively, to the U.S. dollar based on the exchange rate as of March 31, 2024. The carrying value of the assets and liabilities of our foreign operations fluctuates as a result of changes in the exchange rates between the functional currencies of the foreign operations and the U.S. dollar. The translation adjustments are accumulated in the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Due to the natural-hedge nature of our funding policy with respect to our operating costs, we have not historically used derivative financial instruments to hedge against the risk of foreign currency exposure. We take a global view of our financial resources and are flexible in making use of resources from one jurisdiction in other jurisdictions.

Presented in the table below are the currency exchange rates for Australia and New Zealand:

Note 5 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to our Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to our Company by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period and is calculated using the treasury stock method for equity-based compensation awards.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS and a reconciliation of the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:

Our weighted average number of common stock - basic increased, primarily as a result of the vesting of restricted stock units. We didnot repurchase any shares of Class A Common Stock during the first three months of 2024 and 2023.

Certain shares issuable under stock options and restricted stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share in periods when their effect was anti-dilutive; either because our Company incurred a net loss for the period, or the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the common stock during the period, or the effect was anti-dilutive as a result of applying the treasury stock method.

Note 6 – Property and Equipment

Operating Property, net

Property associated with our operating activities as at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is summarized as follows:

Depreciation expense for operating property was $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $4.6 million for three months ended March 31, 2023.

Investment and Development Property, net

Our investment and development property as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is summarized below:

Construction-in-Progress – Operating and Investment Properties

Construction-in-Progress balances are included in both our operating and development properties. The balances of our major projects along with the movements for the three months ended March 31, 2024, are shown below:

2024 Real Estate Monetizations

Beginning in 2020, we have on an ongoing basis reviewed our various real estate holdings in light of the fact that our cash flow from cinema operations has been adversely affected initially by the governmentally mandated cinema closings ordered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and then by the lengthy 2023 Hollywood Strikes, and that our overall cash flow continues to be adversely affected by unprecedented increases in interest rates and the impact of inflation and government mandated labor cost increases on our cost of goods sold and cost of operations. Until cinema revenues return to normal and interest rates reduce, other sources of cash will be needed to support our operations and limited funds will be available for capital investment in our properties. Between the fourth quarter of 2020 and the fourth quarter of 2023, we classified as assets held for sale disposal groups and thereafter monetized the following real estate assets: The Auburn/Redyard Entertainment Themed Center (“ETC”), Manukau (land), Coachella (land), the Royal George Theatre, our property in Maitland, New South Wales, our Invercargill, New Zealand cinema and associated ancillary land, and our office building in Culver City (sold in February 2024). A ‘disposal group’ represents assets to be disposed of in a single transaction. A disposal group may represent a single asset, or multiple assets. As of December 31, 2023, we classified as assets held for sale our approximately 26.6 acre parcel of industrial land in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, historically used as a rail yard.

Discussed below are those real estate transactions affecting the presentation in our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the profitability determination in our consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023.

Culver City, Los Angeles

In May 2023, we classified our Culver City administrative building, commonly known as 5995 Sepulveda Blvd., as held for sale. Our book value (as opposed to fair value) of the property was $10.8 million, being the lower of cost and fair value less costs to sell. No adjustments to the book value of the assets contained within this disposal group were required. The disposal group consisted of land, a building and various leasehold improvements. The sale was completed on February 23, 2024. The proceeds were used to discharge the $8.3 million first mortgage which the property was encumbered with.

The loss on sale of this property is calculated as follows:

Disposal Groups Held for Sale

2483 Trenton Avenue, Williamsport, Pennsylvania

In June 2023, we classified our approximately 26.6-acre industrial property at 2483 Trenton Avenue, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, as held for sale at the lower of cost and fair value less costs to sell. The current book value (as opposed to fair value) of the property is $460,000. The property is part of our historic railroad operations, consisting of land and an 18,000 square foot industrial building, and certain rail bed improvements. No adjustments to the book value of the assets contained within this disposal group were required. We expect to complete the sale within 12 months. The property is unencumbered by debt.

Note 7 – Leases

In all leases, whether we are the lessor or lessee, we define lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease plus any renewals covered by renewal options that are reasonably certain of exercise based on our assessment of economic factors relevant to the lessee. The non-cancellable term of the lease commences on the date the lessor makes the underlying property in the lease available to the lessee, irrespective of when lease payments begin under the contract.

As Lessee

We have operating leases for certain cinemas, and finance leases for certain equipment assets. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 to 25 years, with certain leases having options to extend up to a further 20 years. Lease payments for our cinema operating leases consist of fixed base rent, and for certain leases, variable lease payments consisting of contracted percentages of revenue, changes in the relevant CPI, and/or other contracted financial metrics.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

The maturities of our leases were as follows:

As Lessor

We have entered into various leases as a lessor for our owned real estate properties. These leases vary in length between 1 and 20 years, with certain leases containing options to extend at the behest of the applicable tenants. Lease components consist of fixed base rent, and for certain leases, variable lease payments consisting of contracted percentages of revenue, changes in the relevant CPI, and/or other contracted financial metrics. None of our leases grant any right to the tenant to purchase the underlying asset.

Lease income relating to operating lease payments was as follows:

The book value of underlying assets under operating leases from owned assets was as follows:

The minimum contractual rent payments due on our leases were as follows:

Note 8 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The table below summarizes goodwill by business segment as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.

Our Company is required to test goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis and, if current events or circumstances require them, on an interim basis. Our next annual evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets is scheduled during the fourth quarter of 2024. To test the impairment of goodwill, our Company compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including the goodwill, to determine if there is potential goodwill impairment. A reporting unit is generally one level below the operating segment. As of March 31, 2024, we were not aware that any events indicating potential impairment of goodwill had occurred outside of those described at Note 3 – Impacts on our Business Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the 2023 Hollywood Strikes, the Dramatic Interest Rate Rise and Increased Operating Costs, together with our Company’s Resources.

The tables below summarize intangible assets other than goodwill, as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Beneficial leases obtained in business combinations where we are the landlord are amortized over the life of the relevant leases. Trade names are amortized based on the accelerated amortization method over their estimated useful life of 30 years, and other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of up to 30 years (except for transferrable liquor licenses, which are indefinite-lived assets). The table below summarizes the amortization expense of intangible assets for the quarter ended March 31, 2024

Note 9 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The table below summarizes our active investment holdings intwo (2) unconsolidated joint ventures as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

For the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the recognized share of equity earnings from our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are as follows:

Note 10 – Prepaid and Other Assets

Prepaid and other assets are summarized as follows:

Note 11 – Income Taxes

The interim provision for income taxes is different from the amount determined by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate to consolidated income or loss before taxes. The differences are attributable to foreign tax rate differential, unrecognized tax benefits, and change in valuation allowance. Our effective tax rate was 1.6% and 4.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The difference is primarily due to an increase in reserve for unrecognized tax benefits in 2024. The forecasted effective tax rate is updated each quarter as new information becomes available.

Note 12 – Borrowings

Our Company’s borrowings at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net of deferred financing costs and including the impact of interest rate derivatives on effective interest rates, are summarized below:

(1)Net ofdeferred financing costs amounting to $1.1 million.

(2)This facility was amended after March 31, 2024. See the discussion below.

(3)The contractual facilities and outstanding balances of the foreign currency denominated borrowings were translated into U.S. dollars based on the applicable exchange rates as of March 31, 2024.

(1)Net of deferred financing costs amounting to $1.5 million.

(2)The contractual facilities and outstanding balances of the foreign currency denominated borrowings were translated into U.S. dollars based on the applicable exchange rates as of December 31, 2023.

(3)This financing facility was extended after December 31, 2023.

Our loan arrangements are presented, net of the deferred financing costs, on the face of our consolidated balance sheet as follows:

Bank of America Credit Facility

Our Bank of America facility was amended on March 27, 2024, to among other terms and conditions, (i) extend the Maturity Date to August 18, 2025, (ii) require a $275,000 principal paydown, (iii) eliminate the minimum liquidity covenant, (iv) reduce the principal amortization amounts and provide a principal holiday period, and (v) require certain paydowns on the sale of certain real estate assets. Interest is charged at 3.0% above the Bank of America Prime rate, which itself has a floor of 1.0%. Payment-in-kind interest at a rate of 0.5% commenced on January 1, 2024, and will continue until December 31, 2024, increasing to 1.5% on January 1, 2025, until the facility is repaid in full. This loan is subject to mandatory prepayment out of a portion of the net proceeds realized by us in the event that we determine to sell certain specified assets.

Minetta and Orpheum Theatres Loan

On November 1, 2023, our $8.0 million loan with Santander Bank, which is secured by our Minetta and Orpheum Theatres, matured. On January 26, 2024, we extended this loan for a further six months to June 1, 2024, while a full refinancing is pursued.

Cinemas 1,2,3 Term Loan

Our Cinemas 1,2,3 Term Loan is held by Sutton Hill Properties LLC (“SHP”), a 75% owned subsidiary of RDI. On September 29, 2023, we extended the maturity of this loan from October 3, 2023, to October 1, 2024. The loan is with Valley National Bank, carries an interest rate of 3.50% above monthly SOFR, with a floor of 7.50%, and includes provisions for a prepaid interest reserve.

Union Square Financing

On May 7, 2021, we closed on a newthree year $55.0 million loan facility with Emerald Creek Capital secured by our 44 Union Square property and certain limited guarantees. Following the phase out of LIBOR, the facility bears a variable interest rate of TERM SOFR plus 6.9% and includes provisions for a prepaid interest and property tax reserve fund. On April 23, 2024, we executed the first 12 month extension on this loan, taking the maturity to May 6, 2025. The loan has one remaining 12-month option to extend, and may be repaid at any time, without the payment of any premium. As this option is within our control, we will continue to keep the loan classified as long-term.

Purchase Money Promissory Note

On September 18, 2019, we purchased for $5.5 million 407,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock in a privately negotiated transaction under our Share Repurchase Program. Of this amount, $3.5 million was paid by the issuance of a Purchase Money Promissory Note, which bears an interest rate of 5.0% per annum, payable in equal quarterly payments of principal plus accrued interest. The Purchase Money Promissory Note matures on September 18, 2024.

U.S. Corporate Office Term Loan

We repaid this $8.4 million loan in full in February 2024, with a portion of the proceeds from the sale of our Culver City office building.

Debt denominated in foreign currencies

Westpac Bank Corporate Credit Facility (NZ)

Our Westpac Corporate Credit Facility for NZ$13.8 million matures on January 1, 2025. The facility currently carries an interest rate and line of credit charge of 2.40% above the Bank Bill Bid Rate and 1.65% respectively. Westpac has waived the requirement to test certain covenants for each quarter since the third quarter of 2020, including the quarter ending March 31, 2024.

Australian NAB Corporate Term Loan (AU)

Prior to March 31, 2024, our Revolving Corporate Markets Loan Facility with National Australia Bank (“NAB”) matured on July 31, 2025. It currently consists of (i) a AU$100.0 million Corporate Loan facility at 1.75% above BBSY, of which AU $60.0 million is revolving and AU$40.0 million is core and (ii) a Bank Guarantee Facility of AU$5.0 million at a rate of 1.9% per annum.

On April 4, 2024, we amended this facility, which now matures on July 31, 2026. As part of the amendment, we obtained an additional AU$20.0 million corporate loan facility which matures on March 31, 2025 (or earlier, upon the sale of certain assets), and modified certain covenants. We are also required, from March 31, 2025, to make quarterly repayments of AU$1.5 million against the AU$100.0 million Corporate Loan facility, until maturity date, representing permanent reductions in that facility’s ceiling. The bank guarantee facility was reduced to AU$3.0 million.

Note 13 – Other Liabilities

Other liabilities are summarized as follows:

Pension Liability – Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan

Details of our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan are disclosed in Note 13 – Pension and Other Liabilitiesin our 2022 Form 10-K.

Included in our current and non-current liabilities are accrued pension costs of $3.2 million on March 31, 2024. The benefits of our pension plan are fully vested andtherefore no service costs were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023. Our pension plan is unfunded.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the interest cost was $44,000, and the actuarial loss was $52,000. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the interest cost was $50,000, and the actuarial loss was $52,000.

Note 14 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to RDI:

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation Matters

We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings and, to the extent required, have accrued estimates of probable and estimable losses for the resolution of these claims, including legal costs.

Where we are theplaintiffs, we accrue legal fees as incurred on an on-going basis and make no provision for any potential settlement amounts until received. In Australia, the prevailing party is usually entitled to recover its attorneys’ fees, which recoveries typically work out to be approximately 60% of the amounts actually spent where first-class legal counsel is engaged at customary rates. Where we are a plaintiff, we have likewise made no provision for the liability for the defendant’s attorneys’ fees in the event we are determined not to be the prevailing party.

Where we are thedefendants, we accrue for probable damages that insurance may not cover as they become known and can be reasonably estimated, as permitted under ASC 450-20 Loss Contingencies. In our opinion, any claims and litigation in which we are currently involved are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position, or liquidity. It is possible, however, that future results of the operations for any particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by the ultimate outcome of the legal proceedings. From time to time, we are involved with claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of our business that may include contractual obligations, insurance claims, tax claims, employment matters, and anti-trust issues, among other matters.

Environmental and Asbestos Claims on Reading Legacy Operations

Certain of our subsidiaries were historically involved in railroad operations, coal mining, and manufacturing. Also, certain of these subsidiaries appear in the chain-of-title of properties that may suffer from pollution. Accordingly, certain of these subsidiaries have, from time to time, been named in and may in the future be named in various actions brought under applicable environmental laws. Also, we are in the real estate development business and may encounter from time to time environmental conditions at properties that we have acquired for development and which will need to be addressed in the future as part of the development process. These environmental conditions can increase the cost of such projects and adversely affect the value and potential for profit of such projects. We do not currently believe that our exposure under applicable environmental laws is material in amount.

From time to time, there are claims brought against us relating to the exposure of former employees to asbestos and/or coal dust. These are generally covered by an insurance settlement reached in September 1990 with our insurance providers. However, this insurance settlement does not cover litigation by people who were not employees of our historic railroad operations and who may claim direct or second-hand exposure to asbestos, coal dust and/or other chemicals or elements now recognized as potentially causing cancer in humans. Our known exposure to these types of claims, asserted or probable of being asserted, is not material.

Note 16 – Non-controlling Interests

These are composed of the following enterprises:

Australia Country Cinemas Pty Ltd. -25% noncontrolling interest owned by Panorama Group International Pty Ltd;

Shadow View Land and Farming, LLC -50% noncontrolling membership interest owned by the estate of Mr. James J. Cotter, Sr. (the “Cotter Estate”); and,

Sutton Hill Properties, LLC -25% noncontrolling interest owned by Sutton Hill Capital, LLC (which in turn is 50% owned by the Cotter Estate).

The components of noncontrolling interests are as follows:

The components of income attributable to noncontrolling interests are as follows:

Summary of Controlling and Noncontrolling Stockholders’ Equity

A summary of the changes in controlling and noncontrolling stockholders’ equity is as follows:

Note 17 – Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Repurchases

Employee and Director Stock Incentive Plan

2020 Stock Incentive Plan

On November 4, 2020, the Company enacted the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, which was also approved by the Company’s stockholders on December 8, 2020 (as amended, the “2020 Plan”). Under the 2020 Plan, the number of permitted authorized shares for issuance was originally set at 1,250,000, plus any shares reserved for awards outstanding under the 2010 Plan that were subsequently forfeited (for instance, through a then outstanding out of the money option) or if the related shares are repurchased, a corresponding number of shares would automatically become available for issuance under the 2020 Plan. On December 7, 2023, the Company’s stockholders, upon recommendation of the Company’s board of directors, approved the First Amendment to the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, increasing the number of Class A Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan by an additional 971,807 shares.

Under the 2020 Plan, the Company may grant stock options and other share-based payment awards of our Class A Common Stock to eligible employees, directors and consultants. At March 31, 2024, there were 1,468,375 shares of Class A Common Stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan, which includes shares from the 2010 Plan that become available for issuance due to the forfeiture of then outstanding out of the money stock options.

Stock options are granted at exercise prices equal to the grant-date market prices and typically expire no later than five years from the grant date. In contrast to a stock option where the grantee buys our Company’s share at an exercise price determined on the grant date, a restricted stock unit (“RSU”) entitles the grantee to receiveone share for every RSU based on a vesting plan, typically betweenone year andfour years from grant. As discussed further below, a performance component has been added to certain of the RSUs granted to management. At the time the options are exercised or RSUs vest and are settled, at the discretion of management, we will issue treasury shares or make a new issuance of shares to the option or RSU holder.

Stock Options

We have estimated the grant-date fair value of our stock options using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model, which takes into account assumptions such as the dividend yield, the risk-free interest rate, the expected stock price volatility, and the expected life of the options. We expensed the estimated grant-date fair values of options over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Based on our historical experience, the “deemed exercise” of expiring in-the-money options and the relative market price to strike price of the options, we have not estimated any forfeitures of vested or unvested options.

Stock options to purchase 207,657 shares of Class A Common Stock were issued to the Board of Directors upon their reelection to the Board in December 2023 for their services for their 2024 term. No other stock options were granted in 2023 or during the first quarter of 2024.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, we recordeda compensation expense of $49,000 and $9,000, respectively, with respect to our prior stock option grants. At March 31, 2024, the total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to non-vested stock options was $147,000, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of 0.75 years. The intrinsic, unrealized value of all options outstanding vested and expected to vest, at March 31, 2024, wasnil, as the closing price of our Class A Common Stock on that date was $1.82.

The following table summarizes the number of options outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the status of RSUs granted to date as of March 31, 2024:

Time vested RSU awards to management typically vest 25% on the anniversary of the grant date and the remainder over a period offour years. Beginning in 2020, a performance component has been added to certain of the RSUs granted to management, which vest on the third anniversary of their grant date based on the achievement of certain performance metrics. From 2021 onwards, RSUs have two vesting structures, which include time vesting and performance vesting. The majority of RSUs vest 75% evenly over a period offour years, with the remaining 25% contingent upon the achievement of certain performance metrics, vesting in full on the third anniversary of the date of the grant. In the case of our Chief Executive Officer, RSUs vest 50% evenly over a period offour years with the remaining 50%, contingent upon the achievement of certain performance metrics, vesting in full on the third anniversary of the grant date. On April 11 and April 21, 2023, the Board of Directors determined that our Company was not in a position to pay cash bonuses that would otherwise have been earned by certain members of management under our Company’s Incentive Compensation Plan for 2022, and authorized the issuance in lieu of such cash bonuses 85,139 RSUs, vesting on April 11, 2024 and 52,360 RSUs, vesting on April 21, 2024.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, we recorded compensation expense of $628,000 and $434,000, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to the non-vested RSUs was $3.0 million as of March 31, 2024, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of 1.29 years.

Stock Repurchase Program

Our Stock Repurchase Program expired on March 10, 2024. No stock has been repurchased by our Company since March 10, 2020.

Note 18 – Hedge Accounting

As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, our Company held no derivative instruments. The Company held interest rate derivatives in the first quarter of 2023. The changes in fair value of that instrument were recorded in Other Comprehensive Income and released into interest expense in the same period(s) in which the hedged transactions affect earnings. In the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, the derivative instruments affected Comprehensive Income as follows:

Note 19 – Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The statement requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and,

Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The following tables summarize our financial liabilities that are carried at cost and measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, by level within the fair value hierarchy.

(1)These balances are presented before any deduction for deferred financing costs.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities. There have been no changes in the methodologies used as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.

Level 1 investments in marketable securities primarily consist of investments associated with the ownership of marketable securities in U.S. and New Zealand. These investments are valued based on observable market quotes on the last trading date of the reporting period.

Level 2 derivative financial instruments are valued based on discounted cash flow models that incorporate observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves from the derivative counterparties. The credit valuation adjustments associated with our non-performance risk and counterparty credit risk are incorporated in the fair value estimates of our derivatives. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we concluded that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives.

Level 3 borrowings include our secured and unsecured notes payable, trust preferred securities and other debt instruments. The borrowings are valued based on discounted cash flow models that incorporate appropriate market discount rates. We calculated the market discount rate by obtaining period-end treasury rates for fixed-rate debt, or LIBOR for variable-rate debt, for maturities that correspond to the maturities of our debt, adding appropriate credit spreads derived from information obtained from third-party financial institutions. These credit spreads take into account factors such as our credit rate, debt maturity, types of borrowings, and the loan-to-value ratios of the debt.

Our Company’s financial instruments also include cash, cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate the fair values due to their short maturities. Additionally, there wereno transfers of assets and liabilities between levels 1, 2, or 3 during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023.

Note 20 – Subsequent Events

On April 4, 2024, we executed an amendment to our NAB facility, and on April 23, 2024, we exercised the first of ourtwo 12-month extension options on our Union Square facility. See Note 12.

In April 2024, our Board of Directors authorized management to enter into an AU$20 million bridge loan with NAB, due on March 31, 2025, to be repaid from the proceeds of a sale of our Cannon Park ETC and authorized management to proceed with the sale of that property.

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 (Financial Statements). The foregoing discussions and analyses contain certain forward-looking statements. Please refer to the “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included at the conclusion of this section and our “Risk Factors” set forth in our 2023 Form 10-K, Part 1 – Financial Information, Item 1A and the Risk Factors set out below.

Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations