RENASANT CORP

Note 1 –Significant Accounting Policies

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

Nature of Operations: Renasant Corporation (referred to herein as the “Company”) owns and operates Renasant Bank (“Renasant Bank” or the “Bank”), Renasant Insurance, Inc., Park Place Capital Corporation and Continental Republic Capital, LLC (doing business as “Republic Business Credit”). On July 1, 2024, the Bank sold substantially all of the assets of Renasant Insurance, Inc., which thereafter discontinued its insurance agency operations. Through its subsidiaries, the Company offers a diversified range of financial, wealth management and fiduciary services to its retail and commercial customers from offices located throughout the Southeast as well as offers factoring and asset-based lending on a nationwide basis.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Consolidation: The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior years’ net income or shareholders’ equity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Securities: Debt securities are classified as held to maturity when purchased if management has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held to maturity securities are stated at amortized cost. Presently, the Company has no intention of establishing a trading classification. Securities not classified as held to maturity or trading are classified as available for sale. Available for sale securities are stated at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity.

The amortized cost of securities, regardless of classification, is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income from securities, as is dividend income. Realized gains and losses on sales of securities and impairments are reflected under the line items “Net losses on sales of securities” and “Impairment losses on securities” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

The Company evaluates its allowance for credit losses on the held to maturity investment portfolio on a quarterly basis in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 326, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASC 326”; ASC 326 is also referred to as “CECL”). Expected credit losses on debt securities classified as held to maturity are measured on a collective basis by major security type. The estimates of expected credit losses are based on historical default rates, investment grades, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The allowance is increased through provision for credit losses and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries of amounts previously charged-off. All of the residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities recorded as held to maturity are issued by U.S. Government agencies and government-sponsored entities.. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The state and political subdivision securities are highly rated by major rating agencies.

The Company also evaluates available for sale investment securities in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis. If the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell before recovery, the entire unrealized loss is recorded as a loss within noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income with a corresponding adjustment to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates if any of the unrealized loss is related to a potential credit loss. The amount, if any, related to credit loss is recognized in earnings as a provision for credit loss and a corresponding allowance for credit losses is established; each is calculated as the difference between the estimate of discounted future cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security. A number of qualitative and quantitative factors, including the financial condition of the underlying issuer, current and projected deferrals or defaults and credit ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating agencies are considered by management in the estimate of the discounted future cash flows. The remaining difference between the fair value and the amortized cost basis of the security is considered the amount related to other market factors and is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.

Recognition of interest is discontinued on debt securities that are transferred to nonaccrual status. A number of qualitative factors, including the financial condition of the underlying issuer and current and projected deferrals or defaults, are considered by management in the determination of whether the debt security should be transferred to nonaccrual status. The interest on nonaccrual investment securities is accounted for on the cash-basis method until the debt security qualifies for return to accrual status. See Note 2, “Securities,” for further details regarding the Company’s securities portfolio.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase: Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold. Securities, generally U.S. government and agency securities, pledged as collateral under these financing arrangements cannot be sold or repledged by the secured party.

Loans Held for Sale: The “Loans held for sale” line item on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of residential mortgage loans held for sale. The Company has elected to carry these loans at fair value as permitted under the guidance in ASC 825, “Financial Instruments” (“ASC 825”). Gains and losses are realized at the time consideration is received and all other criteria for sales treatment have been met. These realized and unrealized gains and losses are classified under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Factoring: The Company provides short-term financing to certain clients by operating as a factor. The Company purchases accounts receivable from its clients and then generally collects the receivables directly from the clients’ account customers. Cash is advanced to the Company’s client to the extent of the advance rate, less any applicable fees, set forth in the individual factoring agreement. The unadvanced portion of the purchased receivables are considered client reserves and may be used to settle payment disputes or collection shortfalls. Upon collection of the receivable and settlement of any client obligation, the client reserves are returned to the client. Factoring receivables, net of client reserves, are reported as “Loans” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (this includes arrangements where the Company does not directly collect the receivables of the client’s account customers). Factoring fees are reported as interest income on loans while other fees generated from factoring relationships are reported as noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their amortized cost or outstanding unpaid principal balances, in either case adjusted for charge-offs, the allowance for credit losses, any deferred fees or costs on originated loans and any purchase discounts or premiums on purchased loans. Renasant Bank defers certain nonrefundable loan origination fees as well as the direct costs of originating or acquiring loans. The deferred fees and costs are then amortized over the term of the note for all loans with payment schedules. Loans with no payment schedule are amortized using the interest method. The amortization of these deferred fees is presented as an adjustment to the yield on loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Generally, the recognition of interest on mortgage and commercial and industrial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer and other retail loans are typically charged-off no later than the time the loan is 120 days past due. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. All interest accrued for the current year, but not collected, for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income; the amount of interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. As a result, the Company has made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the allowance for credit losses. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has accrued interest receivable for loans of $54,395 and $54,804, respectively, which is recorded in the “Other assets” line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Although the Company made the election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the allowance for credit losses, the Company did have an allowance for credit losses on interest deferred as part of the loan deferral program implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic of $732 and $1,244, respectively, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of expected losses inherent within the Company’s loans held for investment portfolio and is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb credit losses inherent in such loan portfolio in accordance with ASC 326. Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Expected credit loss inherent in non-cancellable off-balance-sheet credit exposures is accounted for as a separate liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment, as reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, is adjusted by a provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by net charge-offs. Loan losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses when management confirms the uncollectability of a loan balance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The credit loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio segments. Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes, and the results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and in the Company’s process for the estimation of expected credit losses. Credit quality monitoring procedures and indicators can include an assessment of problem loans, the types of loans, historical loss experience, new lending products, emerging credit trends, changes in the size and character of loan categories and other factors, including the Company’s risk rating system, regulatory guidance and economic conditions, such as the unemployment rate and GDP growth in the markets in which the Company operates, as well as trends in the market values of underlying collateral securing loans, all as determined based on input from management, loan review staff and other sources. This evaluation is complex and inherently subjective, as it requires estimates by management that are inherently uncertain and therefore susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Similarly, there may be significant changes in the allowance and provision for credit losses in future periods as the estimates and assumptions underlying such estimates are adjusted in light of then-prevailing factors and forecasts. Changes in any of the assumptions involved in the estimation process may result in significant changes in the allowance and provision for credit losses in those future periods.

The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the allowance for credit losses has two basic components: first, a collective (or pooled) component for estimating expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics; and second, an asset-specific component involving individual loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans.

Loans Evaluated on a Collective (Pool) Basis

The allowance for credit losses for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans is calculated on a collective or pool basis, where such loans are segregated into loan portfolio segments based upon similarity of credit risk. The Company’s primary loan portfolio segments are as follows:

Commercial, Financial, and Agricultural (“Commercial”) - Commercial loans are customarily granted to established local business customers in the Company’s market area on a collateralized basis to meet their credit needs. Maturities are typically short term in nature and are commensurate with the secondary source of repayment that serves as the Company’s collateral. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the repayment of this type of loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness and projected cash flow of the borrower (and any guarantors). Thus, the chief considerations when assessing the risk of a commercial loan are the local business borrower’s ability to sell its products/services, thereby generating sufficient operating revenue to repay the Company under the agreed upon terms and conditions, and the general business conditions of the local economy or other market that the business serves. The Company’s factoring receivables are categorized as commercial loans; for these commercial loans, the risk assessment considers the ability of the client’s account customer, rather than the client itself, to repay the Company.

Real Estate - Construction-The Company’s construction loan portfolio consists of loans for the construction of single-family residential properties, multi-family properties and commercial projects. Maturities for construction loans generally range fromsix to 12 months for residential properties and from 24 to 36 months for non-residential and multi-family properties. The source of repayment of a construction loan comes from the sale or lease of newly-constructed property, although often construction loans are repaid with the proceeds of a commercial real estate loan that the Company makes to the owner or lessor of the newly-constructed property.

Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage -This segment of the Company’s loan portfolio includes loans secured by first or second liens on residential real estate in which the property is the principal residence of the borrower, as well as loans secured by residential real estate in which the property is rented to tenants or is otherwise not the principal residence of the borrower; loans for the preparation of residential real property prior to construction are also included in this segment. Finally, this segment includes home equity loans or lines of credit and term loans secured by first and second mortgages on the residences of borrowers who elect to use the accumulated equity in their homes for purchases, refinances, home improvements, education and other personal expenditures. The Company attempts to minimize the risk associated with residential real estate loans by scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower; typically, the maximum loan-to-value ratio is also limited.

Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage -Included in this portfolio segment (referred to collectively as “commercial real estate loans”) are “owner-occupied” loans in which the owner develops a property with the intention of locating its business there. Payments on these loans are dependent on the successful development and management of the business as well as the borrower’s ability to generate sufficient operating revenue to repay the loan. In some instances, in addition to the mortgage on the underlying real estate of the business, commercial real estate loans are secured by other non-real estate collateral, such as equipment or other assets used in the business. In addition to owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, the Company offers loans in which the owner develops a property where the source of repayment of the loan will come from the sale or lease of the developed property, for example, retail shopping centers, hotels and storage facilities. These loans are referred to as “non-owner occupied” commercial real estate loans. The Company also offers commercial real estate loans to developers of commercial properties for purposes of site acquisition and preparation and other development prior to actual construction (referred to as “commercial land development loans”). Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and commercial land development loans are dependent on the successful completion of the project and may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy as a whole.

Lease Financing-This segment of the Company’s loan portfolio includes loans granted to provide capital to businesses for commercial equipment needs. These loans are generally granted for periods ranging betweentwo andfive years at fixed rates of interest. Loss or decline of income by the borrower due to unplanned occurrences represents the primary risk of default to the Company. In the event of default, a shortfall in the value of the collateral may pose a loss in this loan category. The Company obtains a lien against the collateral securing the loan and holds title (if applicable) until the loan is repaid in full. Transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, material handling, printing and construction are the industries that typically obtain lease financing.

Installment Loans to Individuals - Installment loans to individuals (or “consumer loans”) are granted to individuals for the purchase of personal goods. Loss or decline of income by the borrower due to unplanned occurrences represents the primary risk of default to the Company. In the event of default, a shortfall in the value of the collateral may pose a loss in this loan category. Before granting a consumer loan, the Company assesses the applicant’s credit history and ability to meet existing and proposed debt obligations. Although the applicant’s creditworthiness is the primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral, if any, to the proposed loan amount. The Company obtains a lien against the collateral securing the loan and holds title (if applicable) until the loan is repaid in full.

In determining the allowance for credit losses on loans evaluated on a collective basis, the Company categorizes loan pools based on loan type and/or risk rating. The Company uses two CECL models: (1) a loss rate model, based on average historical life-of-loan loss rates, which is used for the Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage, Real Estate - Construction and the consumer loans portfolio segments, and (2) for the Commercial, Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage and Lease Financing portfolio segments, the Company uses a probability of default/loss given default model, which calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan pool by considering (a) the probability of default, based on the migration of loans from performing (using risk ratings) to default using life-of-loan analysis periods, and (b) the historical severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred per loan pool.

The historical loss rates calculated as described above are adjusted, as necessary, for both internal and external qualitative factors where there are differences in the historical loss data of the Company and current or projected future conditions. Internal factors include loss history, changes in credit quality (including movement between risk ratings) and/or credit concentration and changes in the nature and volume of the respective loan portfolio segments. External factors include current and reasonable and supportable forecasted economic conditions and changes in collateral values. These factors are used to adjust the historical loss rates (as described above) to ensure that they reflect management’s expectation of future conditions based on a reasonable and supportable forecast period. To the extent the lives of the loans in the portfolio extend beyond the period for which a reasonable and supportable forecast can be made, when necessary, the models immediately revert to the historical loss rates adjusted for qualitative factors related to current conditions.

Loans Evaluated on an Individual Basis

For loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, an analysis of the loan is performed to determine the expected credit loss. If a respective loan is collateral dependent (that is, when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral), the expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of collateral is initially based on external appraisals. Generally, collateral values for loans for which measurement of expected losses is dependent on the fair value of such collateral are updated every twelve months, either from external third parties or in-house certified appraisers. Third-party appraisals are obtained from a pre-approved list of independent, local appraisal firms. The fair value of the collateral derived from external appraisal is then adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. Other acceptable methods for determining the expected credit losses for individually evaluated loans (typically used when the loan is not collateral dependent) is a discounted cash flow approach or, if applicable, an observable market price. Once the expected credit loss amount is determined, an allowance equal to such expected credit loss is included in the allowance for credit losses.

The Company considers the loans in the Real Estate - Construction, Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage and Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage loan segments disclosed as individually evaluated in Note 4, “Allowance for Credit Losses” as collateral dependent with the type of collateral being real estate.

The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, which is included in the “Other liabilities” line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in such allowance are recorded in the “(Recovery of) provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments” line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Management estimates the amount of expected losses on unfunded loan commitments by calculating a likelihood of funding over the contractual period for exposures that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company and applying the loss factors used in the allowance for credit losses on loans methodology described above to unfunded commitments for each loan type. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance-sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company.

See Note 3, “Loans,” and Note 4, “Allowance for Credit Losses” for disclosures regarding the Company’s past due and nonaccrual loans, and its allowance for credit losses.

Business Combinations, Accounting for Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans and Related Assets: Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” Under the acquisition method, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquired company at the acquisition date are measured at their fair values as of that date and are recognized separately from goodwill. Results of operations of the acquired entities are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income from the date of acquisition. Acquisition costs incurred by the Company are expensed as incurred.

For a purchased asset that the Company has the intent of holding for investment, ASC 326 requires the Company to determine whether the asset has experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. Factors used in the determination will vary but may include delinquency history, historical accrual status, and downgrades in the risk rating by the seller, among others. The Company’s review of an asset during its due diligence evaluation of the purchase may identify other unique attributes that would indicate more-than-insignificant deterioration has occurred such as the borrower’s financial condition, credit rating or credit score as well as the value of underlying collateral. The Company analyzes these factors collectively and may also consider market conditions or economic factors that would indicate a purchased asset has experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. Such assets that have experienced more-than insignificant deterioration are referred to as purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) assets. ASC 326 provides for special initial recognition of PCD assets, commonly referred to as the “gross-up” approach, where the allowance for credit losses is recognized by adding it to the fair value to arrive at the Day 1 amortized cost basis. After initial recognition, the accounting for PCD assets will generally follow the credit loss model that applies to that type of asset. Non-PCD assets record the Day 1 allowance for credit losses through earnings on the date of purchase. The Company accretes or amortizes as interest income the fair value discounts on both PCD and non-PCD assets over the life of the asset.

Premises and Equipment: Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed primarily by use of the straight-line method for furniture, fixtures, equipment, autos and premises. The annual provisions for depreciation have been computed primarily using estimated lives of 40 years for premises, three toseven years for furniture and equipment andthree tofive years for computer equipment and autos. Leasehold improvements are expensed over the period of the leases or the estimated useful life of the improvements, whichever is shorter.

ASC 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”) requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months on its balance sheet regardless whether the lease is classified as financing or operating.

All of the Company’s lessee arrangements are operating leases, being real estate leases for Company facilities. Under these arrangements, the Company records right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities, each of which is based on the present value of the remaining lease payments and are discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Right-of-use assets are reported inpremises and equipment on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related lease liabilities are reported inother liabilities. All leases are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets except for leases with an initial term less than 12 months for which the Company elected short-term lease recognition under ASC 842. Lease terms may contain renewal and extension options and early termination features. Many leases includeone or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term fromone to 20 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. Renewal options which are reasonably certain to be exercised in the future were included in the measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded in the “Net occupancy and equipment expense” line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Variable lease payments consist primarily of common area maintenance, insurance and taxes. The Company does not have any material sublease agreements currently in place.

Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned (“OREO”) consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. These properties are initially recorded into other real estate owned at fair market value less cost to sell and are subsequently carried at the lower of cost or fair market value based on appraised value less estimated selling costs. Losses arising at the time of foreclosure of properties are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Reductions in the carrying value subsequent to acquisition are charged to earnings and are included under the line item “Other real estate owned” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Mortgage Servicing Rights: The Company retains the right to service certain mortgage loans that it sells to secondary market investors. These mortgage servicing rights are recognized as a separate asset on the date the corresponding mortgage loan is sold. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. These servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, prepayment speeds, market discount rates, servicing costs, mortgage interest rates and other factors. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent that unamortized cost exceeds fair value. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction of the valuation allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances related to servicing rights are reported in the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair value of servicing rights is subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. See Note 8, “Mortgage Servicing Rights,” for further details. From time to time, the Company may sell a portion or all of its mortgage servicing rights. Any gains or losses on such sales are reported in the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights. Intangibles with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill and other intangible assets are subject to impairment testing annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate possible impairment; if impaired, such assets are recorded at fair value. Goodwill is assigned to the Company’s reporting segments. In determining the fair value of the Company’s reporting units, management uses the market approach. Other intangible assets, consisting of core deposit intangibles and customer relationship intangibles, are reviewed for events or circumstances that could impact the recoverability of the intangible asset, such as a loss of core deposits, increased competition or adverse changes in the economy. No impairment was identified for the Company’s goodwill or its other intangible assets as a result of the testing performed during 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance: Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) is an institutionally-priced insurance product that is specifically designed for purchase by insured depository institutions. The Company has purchased such insurance policies on certain employees, with Renasant Bank being listed as the primary beneficiary. The carrying value of BOLI is recorded at the cash surrender value of the policies, net of any applicable surrender charges. Changes in the value of the cash surrender value of the policies are reflected under the line item “BOLI income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers: ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), provides guidance on revenue recognition from contracts with customers. For revenue streams within its scope, ASC 606 requires costs that are incremental to obtaining a contract to be capitalized. In the case of the Company, these costs include sales commissions for insurance, wealth management fees, and revenue from certain sales of OREO. ASC 606 has established, and the Company has utilized, a practical expedient allowing costs that, if capitalized, would have an amortization period of one year or less to instead be expensed as incurred.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

• Service charges on deposit accounts include maintenance fees on accounts, per item charges, account enhancement charges for additional packaged benefits and overdraft fees. The contracts with deposit account customers are day-to-day contracts and are considered to be terminable at will by either party. Therefore, the fees are all considered to be earned when charged and simultaneously collected.

Fees and Commissions

• Fees and commissions include fees related to deposit services, such as ATM fees and interchange fees on debit card transactions. These fees are earned at the point in time when the services are rendered, and therefore the related revenue is recognized as the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied.

Insurance Commissions

• Insurance commissions are earned when policies are placed by customers with the insurance carriers and are collected and recognized using two different methods: the agency bill method and the direct bill method. Prior to the sale of the Company’s insurance agency business in July 2024, under the agency bill method, Renasant Insurance was responsible for billing the customers directly and then collecting and remitting the premiums to the insurance carriers. Agency bill revenue was recognized at the later of the invoice date or effective date of the policy. Under the direct bill method, premium billing and collections were handled by the insurance carriers, and a commission was then paid to Renasant Insurance. Direct bill revenue was recognized when the commission payment was received from the insurance carriers.

The Company also earned contingency income that it recognized on a cash basis. Contingency income is a bonus received from the insurance underwriters based on commission income and claims experience on policies during the previous year. Increases and decreases in contingency income are reflective of corresponding increases and decreases in the amount of claims paid by insurance carriers.

Wealth Management Revenue

• Fees for managing trust accounts (inclusive of personal and corporate benefit accounts, IRAs, and custodial accounts) are based on the value of assets under management in the account, with the amount of the fee depending on the type of account. Revenue is recognized on a monthly basis, and there is little to no risk of a material reversal of revenue. Fees for other wealth management services, such as investment guidance relating to fixed and variable annuities, mutual funds, stocks and other investments, are recognized based on either trade activity, where fees are recognized at the time of the trade, or assets under management, where fees are recognized monthly, and there is little to no risk of material reversal of revenue.

Sales of OREO

• The Company continually markets the properties included in the OREO portfolio. The Company will at times, in the ordinary course of business, provide seller-financing on sales of OREO. In cases where a sale is seller-financed, the Company must ensure the commitment of both parties to perform their respective obligations and the collectability of the transaction price in order to properly recognize the revenue on the sale of OREO. This is accomplished through the Company’s loan underwriting process. In this process the Company considers factors such as the buyer’s initial equity in the property, the credit quality of the buyer, the financing terms of the loan and the cash flow from the property, if applicable. If it is determined that the contract criteria in ASC 606 have been met, the revenue on the sale of OREO will be recognized on the closing date of the sale when the Company has transferred title to the buyer and obtained the right to receive payment for the property. In instances where sales are not seller-financed, the Company recognizes revenue on the closing date of the sale when the Company has obtained payment for the property and transferred title to the buyer. For additional information on OREO, please see Note 6, “Other Real Estate Owned.”

Income Taxes: Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties, if incurred, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Renasant Bank provides for income taxes on a separate-return basis and remits to the Company amounts determined to be currently payable.

Deferred income taxes, included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, management believes that the Company and its subsidiaries will realize a substantial majority of the deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized through a charge to income tax expense.

Fair Value Measurements: ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities and also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1), moderate priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities and/or based on assumptions that are observable in the market (Level 2), and the lowest priority to a valuation based on assumptions that are not observable in the market (Level 3). See Note 15, “Fair Value Measurements,” for further details regarding the Company’s methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities: The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its ongoing efforts to manage its interest rate risk exposure as well as to meet the needs of its customers. Derivative financial instruments are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets line item “Other assets” or “Other liabilities” at fair value in accordance with ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”

Cash flow hedges are utilized to mitigate the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows or other types of forecasted transactions. For the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are, to the extent that the hedging relationship is effective, recorded as other comprehensive income and are subsequently recognized in earnings at the same time that the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portions of the changes in fair value of the hedging instruments are immediately recognized in earnings. There were no ineffective portions for 2024 and 2023. The assessment of the effectiveness of a hedging relationship is evaluated under the hypothetical derivative method.

Fair value hedges are utilized to mitigate the exposure to future interest rate risk. For the Company’s derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged liability attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. The gain or loss on the derivative instrument is presented on the same line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

The Company also utilizes derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments. The Company enters into interest rate cap and/or floor agreements with its customers and then enters into an offsetting derivative contract position with other financial institutions to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these customer contracts. Because these derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments are recognized currently in earnings.

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments on certain residential mortgage loans with its customers to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the commitments to fund fixed-rate mortgage loans. Under such commitments, interest rates for a mortgage loan are typically locked in for up to 45 days with the customer. These interest rate lock commitments are recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses arising from changes in the valuation of the commitments are recognized currently in earnings and are reflected under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company utilizes two methods to deliver mortgage loans to be sold to an investor. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, the Company enters into a sales agreement with an investor in the secondary market to sell the loan when an interest rate lock commitment is entered into with a customer, as described above. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, the Company is obligated to sell the mortgage loan to the investor only if the loan is closed and funded. Thus, the Company will not incur any liability to an investor if the mortgage loan commitment in the pipeline fails to close. Under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement, the Company commits to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price and delivery date. Penalties are paid to the investor should the Company fail to satisfy the contract. These types of mortgage loan commitments are recorded at fair value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses arising from changes in the valuation of these commitments are recognized currently in earnings and are reflected under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Treasury Stock: Treasury stock is recorded at cost. Shares held in treasury are authorized but unissued shares.

Retirement Plans: The Company sponsors a noncontributory pension plan and provides retiree medical benefits for certain employees. The Company’s independent actuary firm prepares actuarial valuations of pension cost and obligation under ASC 715, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits” (“ASC 715”), using assumptions and estimates derived in accordance with the guidance set forth in ASC 715. Expense related to the plans is included under the line item “Salaries and employee benefits” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, until they are amortized as a component of plan expense. See Note 12, “Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans,” for further details regarding the Company’s retirement plans.

Stock-Based Compensation: The Company recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payments to employees in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Compensation expense for option grants and restricted stock awards is determined based on the estimated fair value of the stock options and restricted stock on the applicable grant or award date and is recognized over the respective awards’ vesting period. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures in compensation cost when they occur as permitted under the guidance in ASC 718. Expense associated with the Company’s stock-based compensation is included under the line item “Salaries and employee benefits” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 12, “Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans,” for further details regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation.

Earnings Per Common Share: Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the pro forma dilution of shares outstanding, assuming nonvested restricted stock awards, whose vesting is subject to future service requirements, were outstanding common shares as of the awards’ respective grant dates, calculated in accordance with the treasury method (the Company had no stock options outstanding in 2024, 2023 or 2022). See Note 17, “Net Income Per Common Share,” for the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations.

Subsequent Events: The Company has evaluated, for consideration of recognition or disclosure, subsequent events that have occurred through the date of issuance of its financial statements and determined that no significant events occurred after December 31, 2024 but prior to the issuance of these financial statements that would have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Impact of Recently-Issued Accounting Standards and Pronouncements:

In March 2023, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-02,“Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method” (“ASU 2023-02”), which permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. ASU 2023-02 was effective on January 1, 2024. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement did not have a significant impact on the Company’s historical financial statements but could influence the Company’s decisions with respect to investments in certain tax credits prospectively.

In October 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-06,“Disclosure Improvements”(“ASU 2023-06”), which amends the disclosure requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”). ASU 2023-06 adds a number of disclosure requirements to the Codification in response to the SEC initiative to update and simplify disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-06 is to be applied prospectively, and early adoption is prohibited. For SEC reporting entities, the effective dates will be the respective effective dates of the SEC’s removal of the related disclosure requirements from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. If by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, the pending content of the related amendment will be removed from the Codification and will not become effective for any entities. ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07,“Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”(“ASU 2023-07”), which amends the disclosure requirements related to segment reporting primarily through enhanced disclosure about significant segment expenses and by requiring disclosure of segment information on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 was effective January 1, 2024 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements or segment disclosures.

In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09,“Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”(“ASU 2023-09”), which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 will require disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. Entities will also be required to disclose income/(loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense/(benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign, as well as income tax expense/(benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. ASU 2023-09 was effective January 1, 2025 and is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

Note 2 –Securities

(In Thousands, Except Number of Securities)

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale were as follows as of the dates presented:

The amortized cost and fair value of securities held to maturity were as follows as of the dates presented:

Available for sale securities sold were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. There wereno available for sale securities sold during the year ended December 31, 2022. For the securities sold for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company intended to sell these as of December 31, 2023, and thereafter completed the sale in January 2024. Therefore, the Company impaired the securities identified to be sold as of December 31, 2023 and did not recognize a gain or loss during 2024.

Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of securities available for sale were as follows for the periods presented:

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, securities with a carrying value of approximately $818,344 and $880,715, respectively, were pledged to secure government, public, trust, and other deposits. Securities with a carrying value of $25,526 and $14,329 were pledged as collateral for short-term borrowings and derivative instruments at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities at December 31, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities, aggregated by investment category and the length of time the investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates presented:

The Company does not intend to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any such security prior to the recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. Furthermore, more than 90% of available for sale securities have the explicit or implicit backing of the United States government. Performance of these securities has been in line with broader market price performance indicating that increases in market-based, risk free rates, and not credit-related factors, are driving losses. For municipal and corporate securities, the Company considers historical experience with credit sensitive securities, current market conditions, the financial health of the issuer, current credit ratings, ratings changes and outlook, explicit and implicit guarantees, or insurance programs when determining the fair value of the contractual cash flows. Based on its review of these factors as of December 31, 2024, the Company determined that all such losses resulted from factors not deemed credit related. As a result, no credit-related impairment was recognized in current earnings, and all unrealized losses for available for sale securities were recorded in Accumulated other Comprehensive Income.

At each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for credit losses on held to maturity securities was $32. The Company monitors the credit quality of debt securities held to maturity using bond investment grades assigned by third party ratings agencies. Updated investment grades are obtained as they become available from the agencies. On December 31, 2024, all debt securities held to maturity were rated A or higher by the ratings agencies. As such, no additional credit loss was recorded for held to maturity securities.

Note 3 –Loans

(In Thousands, Except Number of Loans)

The following is a summary of loans and leases, excluding loans held for sale, at December 31:

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans

The following table provides an aging of past due and nonaccrual loans, segregated by class, as of the dates presented:

Certain Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Certain modifications of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay (including extension of the amortization period), or a term extension, excluding covenant waivers and modification of contingent acceleration clauses, are required to be disclosed in accordance with ASU 2022-02,“Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”). Unused commitments relating to such modified loans totaled $1,135 and $3,115 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Upon the Company’s determination that a modification has been subsequently deemed uncollectible, the loan, or portion of the loan, is charged off, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount, and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing financial difficulty, modified during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and required to be disclosed under ASU 2022-02, by class of financing receivable and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis for each class of disclosed modifications as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of loans is also presented below.

The following tables present the weighted average financial effect of loan modifications requiring disclosure under ASU 2022-02 by class of financing receivable for the periods presented.

Loan modifications requiring disclosure under ASU 2022-02, that were modified in 2024 and for which the accrual or past due status had deteriorated since the modification totaled $34 at December 31, 2024. The past due status of these loans moved from current to 30-89 days past due. At December 31, 2023, there wereno modifications with accrual or past due status deterioration during 2023.

Credit Quality

For commercial and commercial real estate-secured loans, internal risk-rating grades are assigned jointly by lending and credit administration, with validation by loan review personnel. The risk rating is based on an analysis of the financial and collateral strength of the borrower, guarantor strength, as well as other credit attributes underlying each loan based on asset type and industry. Management analyzes the resulting ratings, as well as other external statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration performance of the portfolio balances of commercial and commercial real estate secured loans. Loan grades range between 10 and 95, with 10 being loans with the least credit risk. Loans within the “Pass” grade (those with a risk rating between 10 and 69) generally have a lower risk of loss and therefore a lower risk factor applied to the loan balances. The “Special Mention” grade (those with a risk rating between 70 and 79) represents a loan where a significant adverse risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term and, left uncorrected, could result in deterioration of the credit quality of the loan. Loans that migrate toward the “Substandard” grade (those with a risk rating between 80 and 95) generally have a higher risk of loss and therefore a higher risk factor applied to those related loan balances.

The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio by year of origination and internal risk-rating grades as of the dates presented:

The following tables present the performing status of the Company’s loan portfolio not subject to risk rating as of the dates presented:

The following table discloses gross charge-offs by year of origination for the year ended December 31, 2024:

The following table discloses gross charge-offs by year of origination for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Related Party Loans

Certain executive officers and directors of the Bank and their associates are customers of and have other transactions with the Bank. Related party loans and commitments are made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not related to the Company or the Bank and do not involve more than a normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. A summary of the changes in related party loans follows:

No related party loans were classified as past due or nonaccrual at December 31, 2024 or 2023. Unfunded commitments to certain executive officers and directors and their associates totaled $1,168 and $5,461 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 4 –Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses by loan category and a breakdown of the ending balance of the allowance based on the Company’s credit loss methodology for the periods presented:

Note 4 – Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

The Company’s allowance for credit loss model considers economic projections, primarily the national unemployment rate and GDP, over a reasonable and supportable period oftwo years. While credit metrics remained relatively stable, loan growth caused the Company’s allowance model to indicate that the size of the allowance for credit losses was appropriate during 2024.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments

The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments included in “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the periods presented.

Note 5 –Premises and Equipment

Bank premises and equipment at December 31 are summarized as follows:

Depreciation expense was $14,911, $14,881 and $14,857 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

See Note 23, “Leases,” for further details regarding the Company’s right-of-use assets.

Note 6 –Other Real Estate Owned

The following table provides details of the Company’s other real estate owned (“OREO”), net of valuation allowances and direct write-downs, as of the dates presented:

Changes in the Company’s OREO were as follows for the periods presented:

Note 6 – Other Real Estate Owned (continued)

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amortized cost of loans secured by Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage in the process of foreclosure was $505 and $395, respectively.

Components of the line item “Other real estate owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows, as of the dates presented:

Note 7 –Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The following table provides a summary of finite-lived intangible assets as of the dates presented:

Core deposit intangible amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $3,498, $4,044 and $4,941, respectively. Customer relationship intangible amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $1,192, $1,337 and $181, respectively.

Note 7 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (continued)

The estimated amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets for the five succeeding fiscal years is summarized as follows:

Note 8 –Mortgage Servicing Rights

Changes in the Company’s mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) were as follows, for the periods presented:

The gains recognized on the sale of MSRs are included in “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. During 2024, the Company sold a portion of its MSR portfolio for net proceeds of $23,011, resulting in a gain of $3,472. The Company recognized a gain of $547 in 2023 related to a holdback of previously sold MSR assets.

Data and key economic assumptions related to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights as of December 31 are as follows:

The movement of mortgage interest rates has an inverse relationship with prepayment speeds and discount rates.

The Company recorded servicing fees of $15,177, $18,081 and $18,452, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These fees are included under the line item “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 9 –Deposits

The following is a summary of deposits as of December 31:

(1)Includes brokered deposits in the amount of $0 and $461,441 as of December 31,2024 and 2023, respectively.

The approximate scheduled maturities of time deposits, including brokered deposits, at December 31, 2024 are as follows:

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of $250 or more at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $827,329 and $774,206, respectively. Certain executive officers and directors and their respective affiliates had amounts on deposit with Renasant Bank of approximately $21,883 and $10,800 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 10 –Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings as of December 31 are summarized as follows:

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) represent funds received from customers, generally on an overnight or continuous basis, which are collateralized by investment securities owned or, at times, borrowed and re-hypothecated by the Company. The securities used as collateral consist primarily of U.S. Government agency mortgage backed securities, U.S. Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations, obligations of U.S. Government agencies, and obligations of states and political subdivisions. All securities are maintained by the Company’s safekeeping agents. These securities are reviewed by the Company on a daily basis, and the Company may be required to provide additional collateral due to changes in the fair market value of these securities. The terms of the Company’s repurchase agreements are continuous but may be canceled at any time by the Company or the customer.

Federal funds purchased, of which there were none outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, are short term borrowings, generally overnight borrowings, between financial institutions that are generally used to maintain reserve requirements at the Federal Reserve Bank or elsewhere. Short-term borrowings from the FHLB (i.e. advances with original maturities of less than one year) are used to meet anticipated short-term liquidity needs. The Company had availability on unused lines of credit with the FHLB of $4,004,630 at December 31, 2024. The Company also had credit available at the Federal Reserve Discount Window in the amount of $656,683.

Note 10 – Short-Term Borrowings (continued)

The average balances and cost of funds of short-term borrowings for the years ending December 31 are summarized as follows:

The Company maintains lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $150,000 at December 31, 2024. Interest is charged at the market federal funds rate on all advances. There wereno amounts outstanding under these lines of credit at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Note 11 –Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

Long-term FHLB borrowings are used to match fund fixed rate loans in order to minimize interest rate risk and also are used to meet day-to-day liquidity needs, particularly when the cost of such borrowings compares favorably to the rates required to attract deposits. The Company didnot prepay any outstanding long-term advances from the FHLB during 2023 and 2022.

Junior Subordinated Debentures

The Company owns the outstanding common securities of business trusts that issued corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred capital securities to third-party investors. The trusts used the proceeds from the issuance of their preferred capital securities and common securities (collectively referred to as “capital securities”) to buy floating rate junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company (or by companies that the Company subsequently acquired). The debentures are the trusts’ only assets and interest payments from the debentures finance the distributions paid on the capital securities. Distributions on the capital securities are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the interest rate being earned by the trusts on the debentures held by the trusts. The capital securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the debentures. The Company has entered into an agreement which fully and unconditionally guarantees the capital securities of each trust subject to the terms of the guarantee.

Note 11 – Long-Term Debt (continued)

The interest rate on the debentures reprices quarterly equal to the three-month CME Term SOFR at the determination date plus the applicable spread. The debentures owned by the respective trusts are currently redeemable at par. The following table provides the details of the debentures as of December 31, 2024:

The Company has entered into an interest rate swap agreement on the First M&F Statutory Trust I pursuant to which the Company received an amount approximately equal to the interest paid on the debentures and paid a fixed rate of interest equal to 4.18% at December 31, 2024.

Federal Reserve guidelines limit the amount of securities that, similar to the Company’s junior subordinated debentures, are includable in Tier 1 capital, but these guidelines did not impact the amount of debentures the Company includes in Tier 1 capital. Although the Company’s existing junior subordinated debentures are currently unaffected by these Federal Reserve guidelines, on account of changes enacted as part of the Dodd-Frank Act, any new trust preferred securities are not includable in Tier 1 capital.

For more information about the Company’s derivative financial instruments, see Note 13, “Derivative Instruments.”

Subordinated notes

The Company has issued and sold fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes (referred to collectively as the “Notes”) in underwritten public offerings at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amounts of the Notes. Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears at the applicable fixed rate until but excluding the fixed to floating transition date and payable quarterly in arrears thereafter at the applicable benchmark rate plus spread, until but excluding the maturity date or earlier redemption date. A summary of the Notes is as follows:

Beginning with the fixed to floating transition date and on any interest payment date thereafter, the Company may redeem the applicable Notes in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the respective Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the date of redemption.

Note 11 – Long-Term Debt (continued)

The Company may also redeem any series of the Notes at any time, at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, if: (i) a change or prospective change in law occurs that could prevent the Company from deducting interest payable on the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) a subsequent event occurs that could preclude the Notes from being recognized as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes; or (iii) the Company is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. In each case, the redemption price is 100% of the principal amount of the Notes being redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the redemption date. There is no sinking fund for the benefit of the Notes, and none of the Notes are convertible or exchangeable.

During 2023, the Company purchased and subsequently extinguished $3,300 of its aggregate $200,000 fixed-to-floating subordinated notes and realized a gain of $620. During October and December 2021, respectively, the Company redeemed at par its $15,000 6.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes and redeemed $30,000 of its aggregate $60,000 5.00% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes, with the remaining $30,000 of such notes redeemed in the first quarter of 2022.

The aggregate stated maturities of long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2024, are summarized as follows:

Note 12 –Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans

Pension and Post-retirement Medical Plans

The Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, under which participation and benefit accruals ceased as of December 31, 1996. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute annually to the plan an amount not less than the minimum required contribution, as determined annually by consulting actuaries in accordance with funding standards imposed under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. No contributions were made or required in 2024 or 2023. The Company does not anticipate that a contribution will be required in 2025. The plan’s accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation are substantially the same since benefit accruals have ceased. The accumulated benefit obligation was $18,685 and $20,195 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There is no additional minimum pension liability required to be recognized.

The Company provides retiree medical benefits, consisting of the opportunity to purchase coverage at subsidized rates under the Company’s group medical plan. Employees eligible to participate must (i) have been employed by the Company and enrolled in the Company’s group medical plan as of December 31, 2004 and (ii) retire from the Company between ages 55 and 65 with at least 15 years of service or 70 points (points determined as the sum of the employee’s age and years of service). The Company periodically determines the portion of the premiums to be paid by each retiree and the portion to be paid by the Company. Coverage ceases when a retiree attains age 65 and is eligible for Medicare. The Company didnot contribute to the plan in 2024 and contributed $41 to the plan in 2023; the Company expects to contribute approximately $86 in 2025.

The Company accounts for its obligations related to retiree benefits in accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits.” The assumed rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits (i.e., the health care cost trend rate) for 2024 is 7.5%. Increasing or decreasing the assumed health care cost trend rates by one percentage point in each year would not materially increase or decrease the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation or the service and interest cost components of net periodic post-retirement benefit costs as of December 31, 2024 and for the year then ended.

The following table presents information relating to the defined benefit pension plan maintained by Renasant Bank (“Pension Benefits - Renasant”) and the post-retirement health plan (“Other Benefits”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The discount rate assumptions at December 31, 2024 were determined using a yield curve approach. A yield curve was developed from a selection of high quality fixed-income investments whose cash flows approximate the timing and amount of expected cash flows from the plans. The selected discount rate is the rate that produces the same present value of the plans’ projected benefit payments.

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for the defined benefit pension and post-retirement health plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Future estimated benefit payments under the Renasant defined benefit pension plan and other benefits are as follows:

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, before tax, for the year ended December 31, 2024 are as follows:

The estimated costs that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost during 2025 are as follows:

Approximately 87% of the pension plan’s assets are invested in a collective trust, which in turn invests in other collective or pooled trusts with individual investment mandates. The collective trust’s asset allocation is approximately 63% in growth assets, consisting of interests in trusts invested in equity securities, high yield fixed income securities, and direct real estate investments (approximately 6% of assets), and approximately 37% in assets intended to hedge against the volatility arising from interest rate risk, consisting of interests in trusts invested in long duration fixed income securities. The collective trust is actively managed, allowing changes in the asset allocation to enhance returns and mitigate risk, with the mandate to preserve the funded status of the plan through portfolio growth and interest rate hedging. Management’s investment committee periodically reviews the collective trust’s performance and asset allocation to ensure that the plan’s investment objectives are satisfied and that the investment strategy of the trust has not materially changed.

The remaining 13% of the pension plan’s assets are managed by Park Place Capital, a wholly owned subsidiary of Renasant Bank. These assets are invested in large cap securities on which covered call options are written to generate income.

The expected long-term rate of return was estimated using market benchmarks for investment classes applied to the plan’s target asset allocation and was computed using a valuation methodology which projects future returns based on current valuations rather than historical returns.

The fair values of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan assets by category at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are below. Investments in collective trusts consist of trusts that invest primarily in liquid equity and fixed income securities and have a small direct investment in real estate. There is generally no restriction on redemptions or withdrawals for benefit payments or in the event of plan termination;60 days notice is required to redeem or withdraw assets for any other purpose.

Other Retirement Plans

The Company maintains a 401(k) plan, which is a contributory plan maintained in the form of a “safe harbor” arrangement. Employees are immediately enrolled in the plan and eligible to make pre-tax deferrals, subject to limits imposed under the plan and the deferral limit established annually by the IRS, and receive Company matching contributions not in excess of 4% of compensation. The Company may make a discretionary profit-sharing contribution for each eligible participant as an equal percentage of each participant’s compensation. To be eligible to receive this profit-sharing contribution, an employee must: (i) be employed on the last day of the year and be credited with 1000 hours of service during the year; (ii) die or become disabled during the year; or (iii) have attained the early or normal retirement age (as defined in the plan). Senior executive officers of the Bank are not eligible to receive these discretionary contributions. No profit-sharing contribution was made for the year 2024. The Company’s costs related to the 401(k) plan, excluding employee deferrals, in 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $7,290, $6,757 and $7,045, respectively.

Deferred Compensation Plans and Arrangements

The Company maintainstwo deferred compensation plans: a Deferred Stock Unit Plan and a Deferred Income Plan. Nonemployee directors may defer all or a portion of their retainer; eligible officers may defer base salary and bonus subject to limits determined annually by the Company. Amounts deferred to the Deferred Stock Unit Plan are invested in units representing shares of the Company’s common stock; benefits are paid in the form of common stock, with cash distributed in lieu of fractional shares. Amounts deferred to the Deferred Income Plan are notionally invested in the discretion of each participant from among investment alternatives substantially similar to those available under the Company’s 401(k) plan. Directors and officers who participated in the predecessor to the Deferred Income Plan as of December 31, 2006, may also invest in a preferential interest rate alternative that is derived from the Moody’s Average Corporate Bond Rate. Benefits payable from the Deferred Income Plan equal the account balance of each participant. A director or officer’s beneficiaries may receive an additional preretirement death benefit from the Deferred Income Plan when the officer or director has continuously deferred at rates prescribed by the Company since January 1, 2005, and when such officer or director dies while employed by the Company or serving as a director.

The Company’s Deferred Stock Unit and Deferred Income Plan are unfunded. It is anticipated that such plans will result in no additional cost to the Company because life insurance policies on the lives of participants have been purchased in amounts estimated to be sufficient to pay plan benefits. The Company is both the owner and beneficiary of the policies. The expense recorded in 2024, 2023 and 2022 for the Company’s Deferred Stock Unit and Deferred Income Plan, including deferrals, was $3,269, $3,265 and $1,486, respectively.

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Brand Group Holdings, Inc., the Company assumed the Brand Group Holdings, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan. Deferral elections in effect as of the time of acquisition were given effect for compensation earned during 2018; no further deferrals have been or will be made to the plan. Account balances maintained under the plan will be distributed as provided under the terms of the plan and individual participant elections. Pending distribution, balances will be notionally invested by each participant in designated investment alternatives.

In 2007, the Company assumed supplemental executive retirement plans (SERPs) in connection with the acquisition of Capital Bancorp, Inc. and its affiliates. The plans are designed to provide four officers specified annual benefits for a 15-year period upon the attainment of a designated retirement age. Liabilities associated with the SERPs totaled $3,143 and $3,345 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The plans are not qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Incentive Compensation Plans

Under the Company’s Performance Based Rewards Plan, annual cash bonuses are paid to eligible officers and employees, subject to the attainment of designated performance criteria that may relate to the Company’s performance, the performance of an affiliate, region, division or profit center, and/or to individual or team performance. The Company annually sets minimum, target, and superior levels of performance. Minimum performance must be attained for the payment of any bonus; superior performance must be attained for maximum payouts. The expense associated with the plan for 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $8,659, $10,303 and $9,545, respectively.

In 2020, the Company implemented the 2020 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan that provides for the grant of stock options and stock appreciation rights and the award of restricted stock and restricted stock units.

Options granted under the plan permit the acquisition of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Options may be subject to time-based vesting or the attainment of performance criteria; all options expireten years after the date of grant. Options that do not vest or expire unexercised are forfeited and canceled. Stock appreciation rights may be granted under the plan on terms similar to options. There wereno stock options or stock appreciation rights granted, or associated compensation expense (recognized or unrecognized), during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

No options have been outstanding since December 31, 2021.

The plan permits the award of performance-based restricted stock to officers and employees and time-based restricted stock to non-employee directors, officers and employees. The plan also permits the award of restricted stock units to officers and employees on terms similar to restricted stock awards. Performance-based awards are subject to the attainment of designated performance criteria during a fixed performance cycle. Performance criteria may relate to the Company’s performance measured on an absolute basis or relative to a defined peer group. Performance criteria may also relate to the performance of an affiliate, region, division or profit center of the Company or to individual performance. The Company annually sets minimum, target, and superior levels; minimum performance must be attained for the vesting of any shares; superior performance must be attained for maximum payouts. Time-based restricted stock awards relate to a fixed number of shares that vest at the end of a designated service period.

In 2024, the Company made performance-based and time-based restricted stock awards; restricted stock units were not awarded. The fair value of each restricted stock award is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the business day immediately preceding the date of the award. For restricted stock awarded under the plan, the Company recorded compensation expense of $13,562, $13,458 and $11,244 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table summarizes the changes in restricted stock as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024:

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock totaled $13,322 at December 31, 2024. As of such date, the weighted average period over which the unrecognized expense is expected to be recognized was approximately 1.68 years.

At December 31, 2024, an aggregate of 2,418,071 shares of Company common stock were available for issuance under the Company’s employee benefit plans of which 955,493 shares were available for issuance under the Company’s 401(k) plan,124,250 shares were available under the Company’s Deferred Stock Unit Plan, and 1,338,328 shares were available under the Company’s 2020 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan.

Note 13 –Derivative Instruments

The Company uses certain derivative instruments to meet the needs of customers as well as to manage the interest rate risk associated with certain transactions.

Non-hedge derivatives

The Company enters into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments to help its commercial customers manage their exposure to interest rate fluctuations. To mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these customer contracts, the Company enters into an offsetting derivative contract position. The Company manages its credit risk, or potential risk of default by its commercial customers, through credit limit approval and monitoring procedures.

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments with its customers to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the commitments to fund fixed-rate residential mortgage loans. The Company also enters into forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors.

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of the dates presented:

Gains (losses) included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to the Company’s derivative financial instruments were as follows, as of the dates presented:

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges

Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flow or other forecasted transactions. The Company uses interest rate swap contracts in an effort to manage future interest rate exposure on borrowings. The swap hedging strategy converts the SOFR-based variable interest rate on the forecasted borrowings to a fixed interest rate. The collar hedging strategy stabilizes interest rate fluctuation by setting both a floor and a cap.

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges as of the dates presented:

The impact on other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, is described in Note 16, “Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).”

In October 2021, the Company terminated four interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts of $25,000 each. These swaps hedged forecasted future FHLB borrowings which were no longer expected to occur. As a result of the termination the Company recognized a gain of $4,676 for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have beenno such terminations since October 2021.

Derivatives designated as fair value hedges

Fair value hedges protect against changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or firm commitment. The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate exposure on certain of the Company’s fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes. The agreements convert the currently-fixed interest rates to SOFR-based variable interest rates.

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s derivatives designated as fair value hedges as of the dates presented:

The following table presents the effects of the Company’s fair value hedge relationships on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods presented:

The following table presents the amounts that were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges as of the dates presented:

Offsetting

Certain financial instruments, including derivatives, may be eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheet when the “right of setoff” exists or when the instruments are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement, which includes the right of the non-defaulting party or non-affected party to offset recognized amounts, including collateral posted with the counterparty, to determine a net receivable or net payable upon early termination of the agreement. Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments are subject to master netting agreements; however, the Company has not elected to offset such financial instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents the Company’s gross derivative positions as recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as well as the net derivative positions, including collateral pledged to the extent the application of such collateral did not reduce the net derivative liability position below zero, had the Company elected to offset those instruments subject to an enforceable master netting agreement as of the dates presented:

Note 14 –Income Taxes

Significant components of the provision for income taxes are as follows for the periods presented:

Total income tax expense does not reflect the tax effects of items that are included in other comprehensive income each period. The tax effects included each period resulted in net expense in other comprehensive income of $4,012 and $19,716 in 2024 and 2023, respectively, and a net benefit in other comprehensive income of $67,453 in 2022.

The reconciliation of income taxes computed at the United States federal statutory tax rates to the provision for income taxes is as follows, for the periods presented:

Note 14 – Income Taxes (continued)

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows for the periods presented:

The effective tax rate was 20.21% and 18.35% for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ending December 31, 2021 through 2023. The Company and its subsidiaries’ state income tax returns are open to audit under the statute of limitations for the years ended December 31, 2020 through 2023.

The Company previously had Federal net operating losses which were fully utilized in the year ending December 31, 2024. No valuation allowance existed against these net operating losses, as we determined it was more likely than not they would be fully utilized.

The Company has unused state tax credits in various jurisdictions for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $11,115 and $5,107, respectively, which can be carried forward for periods ranging from five to 25 years. The Company determined, based on all available evidence, that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the full amount of these credits, and no valuation allowance has been recorded.

Note 14 – Income Taxes (continued)

The table below presents the breakout of net operating losses as of December 31, 2023. There wereno net operating losses as of December 31, 2024.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest, related to federal and state income tax matters as of December 31 follows below:

If ultimately recognized, the Company does not anticipate any material increase in the effective tax rate for 2024 relative to any tax positions taken prior to January 1, 2024. The Company has accrued $41, $26 and $17 for interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognized accrued interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

The Company holds investments in limited partnerships and similar entities (“LP”) that are not consolidated in the financial statements. These LP construct, own, and operate affordable housing and similar projects. Typically, an unrelated third party is the general partner or managing member and is primarily responsible for overseeing and controlling these projects. As an investor in these LP, certain tax credits (“ITC”), primarily Low-Income Housing Tax Credits under Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code, are allocated to the Company. These ITC are recognized as income tax benefits in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income over the period in which they are earned, which is typically ten years beginning when the related projects are placed in service as determined by the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations. These investments are recorded to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and are amortized ratably based on the realization of ITC using the practical expedient method described in ASU 2014-01. The balance of these investments recorded to Other assets was $13,366 and $11,951 at December 31 2024 and December 31 2023, respectively. In the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $2,977 and $1,844 of benefits from ITC, and recorded $2,851 and $1,741 of amortization on the LP investments, all of which were recorded to the Income taxes line of the Consolidated Statements of Income. The non-income-tax-related income or expenses related to our LP entities were not significant in 2024 and 2023. The Company is continuing to pursue opportunities to invest in similar LP entities, and as of December 31, 2024, had unfunded commitments related to similar ITC investments of $16,711. The Company’s risk of loss on these projects is generally mitigated by policies requiring that the project qualify for the expected ITC prior to making its investment.

Note 15 –Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with applicable standards. The Company’s recurring fair value measurements are based on the requirement to carry such assets and liabilities at fair value or the Company’s election to carry certain eligible assets and liabilities at fair value. Assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair value include securities available for sale and derivative instruments. The Company has elected to carry mortgage loans held for sale at fair value on a recurring basis as permitted under the guidance in ASC 825.

The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis:

Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale consist primarily of debt securities, such as obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations and mortgage-backed securities. Where quoted market prices in active markets are available, securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices from active markets are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar instruments traded in markets that are not active, or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Such instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When assumptions used in model-based valuation techniques are not observable in the market, the assumptions used by management reflect estimates of assumptions used by other market participants in determining fair value. When there is limited transparency around the inputs to the valuation, the instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative instruments: Most of the Company’s derivative contracts are actively traded in over-the-counter markets and are valued using discounted cash flow models which incorporate observable market based inputs including current market interest rates, credit spreads, and other factors. Such instruments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and include interest rate swaps and other interest rate contracts including interest rate caps and/or floors. The Company’s interest rate lock commitments are valued using current market prices for mortgage-backed securities with similar characteristics, adjusted for certain factors including servicing and risk. The value of the Company’s forward commitments is based on current prices for securities backed by similar types of loans. Because these assumptions are observable in active markets, the Company’s interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Mortgage loans held for sale in loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are primarily agency loans which trade in active secondary markets. The fair value of these instruments is derived from current market pricing for similar loans, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics, including servicing and risk. Because the valuation is based on external pricing of similar instruments, mortgage loans held for sale are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates presented:

The Company reviews fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the Company’s ability to observe inputs to the valuation may cause reclassification of certain assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. There were no such transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2024.

For 2024 and 2023, there wereno gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets or liabilities held at the end of each respective period that were measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically are a result of the application of the lower of cost or market accounting or a write-down occurring during the period. The following tables provide as of the dates presented the fair value measurement for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at period end and the level within the fair value hierarchy each is classified:

The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets measured on a nonrecurring basis:

Individually evaluated loans: Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics such that they can be evaluated on a collective (pooled) basis are individually evaluated for credit losses each quarter taking into account the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets including but not limited to equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The fair value of real estate is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The fair value of the business assets is generally based on amounts reported on the business’s financial statements. Appraised and reported values may be adjusted based on changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and management’s knowledge of the client and the client’s business. Since not all valuation inputs are observable, these nonrecurring fair value determinations are classified as Level 3. Individually evaluated loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors previously identified. Individually evaluated loans that were measured or re-measured at fair value had a carrying value of $53,157 and $37,515 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and a reserve for these loans of $14,782 and $9,753 was included in the allowance for credit losses for the same periods.

Other real estate owned: OREO is comprised of commercial and residential real estate obtained in partial or total satisfaction of loan obligations. OREO acquired in settlement of indebtedness is recorded at the fair value of the real estate less estimated costs to sell. Subsequently, it may be necessary to record nonrecurring fair value adjustments for declines in fair value. Fair value, when recorded, is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers and adjusted for management’s estimates of costs to sell. Accordingly, values for OREO are classified as Level 3.

The following table presents, as of December 31, 2024, OREO measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that was still held in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at period-end. There wasno impairment recognized during 2023 of OREO assets still held in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at period end.

Mortgage servicing rights: The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, market discount rates, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, and other factors. Because these factors are not all observable and include management’s assumptions, mortgage servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage servicing rights were carried at amortized cost at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. See Note 8, “Mortgage Servicing Rights,” for information about the valuation adjustments to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights.

The following table presents information as of December 31, 2024 about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

Fair Value Option

The Company elected to measure all mortgage loans originated for sale on or after July 1, 2012 at fair value under the fair value option as permitted under ASC 825. Electing to measure these assets at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches the changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used to economically hedge them.

Net losses of $3,309 resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income during 2024, as compared to net gains of $3,300 in 2023 and net losses of $9,854 in 2022. The amounts do not reflect changes in fair values of related derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans. The change in fair value of both mortgage loans held for sale and the related derivative instruments are recorded in “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company’s valuation of mortgage loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value is accrued as it is earned based on contractual rates and is reflected in loan interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table summarizes the differences between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, including those assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis, were as follows as of the dates presented:

Note 16 –Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, were as follows:

Note 16 – Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)

(1) Included in Salaries and employee benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income

(2) Included in Net (losses) gains on sales of securities and Impairment losses on securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income

The accumulated balances for each component of other comprehensive loss, net of tax, at December 31 were as follows:

Note 17 –Net Income Per Common Share

Basic and diluted net income per common share calculations are as follows for the periods presented:

Outstanding stock-based compensation awards that could potentially dilute basic net income per common share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share due to their anti-dilutive effect were as follows for the periods presented:

Note 18 –Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Loan commitments are made to accommodate the financial needs of the Company’s customers. Standby letters of credit commit the Company to make payments on behalf of customers when certain specified future events occur. Both arrangements have credit risk essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies. Collateral (e.g., securities, receivables, inventory, equipment, etc.) is obtained based on management’s credit assessment of the customer. The Company’s unfunded loan commitments (unfunded loans and unused lines of credit) and standby letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2024 were $2,856,308 and $90,267, respectively, compared to $3,091,997 and $113,970, respectively, at December 31, 2023.

Various claims and lawsuits are pending against the Company and Renasant Bank. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, resolution of these matters is not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Market risk resulting from interest rate changes on particular off-balance sheet financial instruments may be offset by other on - or off-balance sheet transactions. Interest rate sensitivity is monitored by the Company for determining the net effect of potential changes in interest rates on the market value of both on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments.

Note 19 –Restrictions on Cash, Securities, Bank Dividends, Loans or Advances

In March 2020, the Federal Reserve announced that effective March 26, 2020 the reserve requirement would be reduced to zero to support the flow of credit to households and businesses in response to the economic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The reserve requirement has remained atzero since that time.

The Company’s balance of FHLB stock, which is carried at amortized cost, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $15,209 and $20,003, respectively. The required investment for the same time period was $11,044 and $19,098, respectively.

The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is substantially dependent on the ability of Renasant Bank to transfer funds to the Company in the form of dividends, loans and advances. Under Mississippi law, a Mississippi bank with earned surplus in excess of three times capital stock may pay a dividend, subject to the approval of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance (the “DBCF”). In addition, the FDIC has the authority to prohibit the Bank from engaging in business practices that the FDIC considers to be unsafe or unsound, which, depending on the financial condition of the Bank, could include the payment of dividends. Accordingly, the approval of the DBCF is required prior to Renasant Bank paying dividends to the Company, and under certain circumstances the approval of the FDIC may be required. At December 31, 2024, the Bank’s earned surplus exceeded the Bank’s capital stock by more thanten times.

In addition to the FDIC and DBCF restrictions on dividends payable by the Bank to the Company, the Federal Reserve has provided guidance on the criteria that it will use to evaluate the request by a bank holding company to pay dividends in an aggregate amount that will exceed the company’s earnings for the period in which the dividends will be paid, which did not apply to the Company in 2024 or 2023. For purposes of this analysis, “dividend” includes not only dividends on preferred and common equity but also dividends on debt underlying trust preferred securities and other Tier 1 capital instruments. The Federal Reserve’s criteria evaluates whether the holding company (1) has net income over the past four quarters sufficient to fully fund the proposed dividend (taking into account prior dividends paid during this period), (2) is considering stock repurchases or redemptions in the quarter, (3) does not have a concentration in commercial real estate and (4) is in good

Note 19 – Restrictions on Cash, Securities, Bank Dividends, Loans or Advances (continued)

supervisory condition, based on its overall condition and its asset quality risk. A holding company not meeting these criteria will require more in-depth consultations with the Federal Reserve.

Federal Reserve regulations also limit the amount Renasant Bank may loan to the Company unless such loans are collateralized by specific obligations. At December 31, 2024, the maximum amount available for transfer from Renasant Bank to the Company in the form of loans was $202,274. The Company also maintains a $3,000 line of credit collateralized by cash with the Bank. As of December 31, 2024, no loans from the Bank to the Company were outstanding.

Note 20 –Regulatory Matters

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have issued guidelines governing the levels of capital that bank holding companies and banks must maintain. Those guidelines specify capital tiers, which include the following classifications (which include the “capital conservation buffer” discussed below):

The following table provides the capital and risk-based capital and leverage ratios for the Company and for Renasant Bank as of December 31:

Common equity Tier 1 capital (“CET1”) generally consists of common stock, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income and certain minority interests, less certain adjustments and deductions. In addition, the Company must maintain a “capital conservation buffer,” which is a specified amount of CET1 in addition to the amount necessary to meet

Note 20 – Regulatory Matters (continued)

minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. If the Company’s ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted capital is below the capital conservation buffer, the Company will face restrictions on its ability to pay dividends, repurchase outstanding stock and make certain discretionary bonus payments. The required capital conservation buffer is 2.5% of CET1 to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet minimum risk-based capital requirements.

As previously disclosed, the Company adopted CECL as of January 1, 2020. The Company has elected to take advantage of transitional relief offered by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC to delay for two years the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by athree-year transitional period to phase out the capital benefit provided by the two-year delay.

Note 21 –Segment Reporting

The operations of the Company’s reportable segments are described as follows:

•The Community Banks segment delivers a complete range of banking and financial services to individuals and small to medium-size businesses including checking and savings accounts, business and personal loans, asset-based lending, factoring and equipment leasing, as well as safe deposit and night depository facilities.

•The Insurance segment included a full service insurance agency offering all major lines of commercial and personal insurance through major carriers. Effective July 1, 2024, the Bank sold substantially all of the assets of its Insurance segment.

•The Wealth Management segment, through the Trust division, offers a broad range of fiduciary services including the administration (as trustee or in other fiduciary or representative capacities) of benefit plans, management of trust accounts, inclusive of personal and corporate benefit accounts and custodial accounts, as well as accounting and money management for trust accounts. In addition, the Wealth Management segment, through the Financial Services division, provides specialized products and services to customers, which include fixed and variable annuities, mutual funds and other investment services through a third party broker-dealer. The Financial Services division also provides administrative and compliance services for certain mutual funds.

The Company’s reportable segments are determined by the Chief Executive Officer, who is the designated chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), based upon information provided about the Company’s products and services. The CODM evaluates the financial performance of the segments by evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses and budget to actual results, and the CODM provides guidance in strategy and the allocation of resources.

In order to give the CODM a more precise indication of the income and expenses controlled by each segment, the results of operations for the Community Banks, Insurance and the Wealth Management segments reflect their own direct revenues and expenses. Indirect revenues and expenses, including but not limited to income from the Company’s investment portfolio, as well as certain costs associated with data processing and back office functions, primarily support the operations of the community banks and, therefore, are included in the results of the Community Banks segment. Included in “Other” are the operations of the holding company and other eliminations which are necessary for purposes of reconciling to the consolidated amounts. Accounting policies for each segment are the same as those described in Note, “Significant Accounting Policies.”

The following table provides financial information for the Company’s operating segments as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

Note 21 – Segment Reporting (continued)

(1) Other segment expenses for Community Banks include data processing, other real estate owned, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, intangible amortization, communications, merger and conversion related expenses and other miscellaneous expenses. Other segment expenses for Insurance include data processing, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, communications and other miscellaneous expenses. Other segment expenses for Wealth Management include data processing, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, intangible amortization, communications and other miscellaneous expenses.

(2)Other segment expenses for Community Banks include data processing, other real estate owned, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, intangible amortization, communications and other miscellaneous expenses. Other segment expenses for Insurance include data processing, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, communications and other miscellaneous expenses. Other segment expenses for Wealth Management include data processing, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, intangible amortization, communications and other miscellaneous expenses.

Note 21 – Segment Reporting (continued)

(3)Other segment expenses for Community Banks include data processing, other real estate owned, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, intangible amortization, communications, restructuring charges, merger and conversion related expenses and other miscellaneous expenses. Other segment expenses for Insurance include data processing, advertising and public relations, communications and other miscellaneous expenses. Other segment expenses for Wealth Management include data processing, legal and professional fees, advertising and public relations, intangible amortization, communications and other miscellaneous expenses.

Note 22 –Renasant Corporation (Parent Company Only) Condensed Financial Information

Balance Sheets

(1)Eliminates in consolidation, with the exception of $2,092 and $1,987 in 2024 and 2023, respectively, pledged for collateral and held at non-subsidiary bank

(2)Eliminates in consolidation

Statements of Income

(1)Eliminates in consolidation

Note 22 – Renasant Corporation (Parent Company Only) Condensed Financial Information (continued)

Statements of Cash Flows

Note 23 –Leases

The Company enters into leases in both lessor and lessee capacities.

Lessor Arrangements

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net investment in these leases was $30,846 and $42,761, comprised of $26,655 and $34,929 in lease receivables, $7,961 and $13,446 in residual balances and $3,770 and $5,614 in deferred income, respectively. In order to mitigate potential exposure to residual asset risk, the Company utilizes first amendment or terminal rental adjustment clause leases.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company generated $1,080 and $1,441 in income from these leases, respectively, which is included in interest income on loans on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 23 – Leases (continued)

The maturities of the lessor arrangements outstanding at December 31, 2024 is presented in the table below.

Lessee Arrangements

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, right-of-use assets totaled $46,811 and $48,517 and lease liabilities totaled $49,385 and $51,130, respectively. The table below provides the components of lease cost and supplemental information for the periods presented.

The maturities of the lessee arrangements outstanding at December 31, 2024 are presented in the table below.