PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP INC

EVE sensitivity results for the fourth quarter of 2024 and 2023 follow:

Table 36: Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity Analysis

EVE measures the present value of all projected future cash flows associated with a point-in-time balance sheet and does not include projected new volume. EVE sensitivity to interest rate changes is a complementary metric to NII sensitivity analysis and represents an estimation of long-term interest rate risk. PNC calculates its EVE sensitivity by measuring the changes in the economic value of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments in response to an instantaneous +/-200 bps parallel shift in interest rates. Similar to the NII sensitivity analysis, we incorporate dynamic deposit repricing and loan prepayment assumptions. Directionally, higher deposit beta assumptions result in increasing liability sensitivity whereas lower deposit betas increase asset sensitivity. Conceptually similar, higher loan prepayment assumptions cause an increase in asset sensitivity and lower prepayments result in an increase in liability sensitivity. These behavioral modeling assumptions are largely consistent between the EVE and NII sensitivity analyses, and also share the same starting balance sheet position as of December 31, 2024. Deposit attrition is also a significant contributor to EVE sensitivity. Deposit attrition is projected based on a dynamic model developed using long-term historical deposit behavior in addition to management assumptions including accelerated attrition for pandemic related excess deposits. PNC performs various sensitivity analyses to understand the impact of faster and slower deposit attrition, loan prepayments, and deposit betas on our risk metrics, with the results reported to ALCO.

PNC’s EVE exposure was balanced between rising and falling rates at the end of 2023, with modest decreases in EVE resulting under either scenario. By the end of 2024, PNC had moderately higher exposure to rate increases and largely neutral impacts to falling rates, primarily as a result of rate increases in the middle and long portions of the yield curve during 2024.

Compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, there have been no material changes to our NII sensitivity and EVE sensitivity assumptions, including data sources that drive assumptions setting.

Market Risk Management – Customer-Related Trading Risk

We engage in fixed income securities, derivatives and foreign exchange transactions to support our customers’ investing and hedging activities. These transactions, related hedges and the credit and funding valuation adjustment related to our customer derivatives portfolio are marked-to-market daily and reported as customer-related trading activities. We do not engage in proprietary trading of these products.

We use VaR as the primary means to measure and monitor market risk in customer-related trading activities. VaR is used to estimate the probability of portfolio losses based on the statistical analysis of historical market risk factors. A diversified VaR reflects empirical correlations across different asset classes. We calculate a diversified VaR at a 95% confidence interval and the results for 2024 and 2023 were within our acceptable limits.

To help ensure the integrity of the models used to calculate VaR for each portfolio and enterprise-wide, we use a process known as backtesting. The backtesting process consists of comparing actual observations of gains or losses against the VaR levels that were calculated at the close of the prior day. Our VaR measure assumes that exposures remain constant and that recent market variability is a good predictor of future variability. Actual observations include customer-related revenue and intraday hedging, which helps to reduce losses and can reduce the number of instances actual losses exceed the prior day VaR measure. There were no instances during

The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. –2024 Form 10-K 77

2024 and 2023 under our diversified VaR measure where actual losses exceeded the prior-day VaR measure. Our portfolio and enterprise-wide VaR models utilize a historical approach with a 500-day look-back period.

Customer-related trading revenue was $122 million in 2024 compared to $137 million in 2023 and is recorded in Capital markets and advisory noninterest income and Other interest income on our Consolidated Income Statement. The decrease was primarily due to lower derivative client sales revenue, partially offset by higher securities client sales revenue.

Market Risk Management – Equity And Other Investment Risk

Equity investment risk is the risk of potential losses associated with investing in both private and public equity markets. In addition to extending credit, taking deposits, underwriting securities and trading financial instruments, we make and manage direct investments in a variety of transactions, including management buyouts, recapitalizations and growth financings in a variety of industries. We also have investments in affiliated and non-affiliated funds that make similar investments in private equity, consistent with regulatory limitations. The economic and/or book value of these investments and other assets are directly affected by changes in market factors.

Various PNC business units manage our equity and other investment activities. Our businesses are responsible for making investment decisions within the approved policy limits and associated guidelines.