OLD NATIONAL BANCORP /IN/

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth certain income statement information of Old National:

(1) Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for reconciliations to GAAP financial measures.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the most significant component of our earnings, comprising 82% of 2025 revenues. Net interest income and net interest margin are influenced by many factors, primarily the volume and mix of earning assets, funding sources, and interest rate fluctuations. Other factors include the level of accretion income on purchased loans, prepayment risk on mortgage and investment-related assets, and the composition and maturity of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

The Federal Reserve decreased its interest rates during 2025. The Federal Reserve’s Federal Funds range is currently in a target range of 3.50% to 3.75%, with the Effective Federal Funds Rate at 3.64% at December 31, 2025, and 4.33% at December 31, 2024. Management actively takes balance sheet restructuring, derivative, and deposit pricing actions to help mitigate interest rate risk. See the section of this Item 7 titled “Market Risk” for additional information regarding this risk.

Loans typically generate more interest income than investment securities with similar maturities. Funding from client deposits generally costs less than wholesale funding sources. Factors such as general economic activity, Federal Reserve monetary policy, and price volatility of competing alternative investments can also exert significant influence on our ability to optimize our mix of assets and funding, net interest income, and net interest margin.

Net interest income is the excess of interest received from interest-earning assets over interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. For analytical purposes, net interest income is presented in the table that follows, adjusted to a taxable equivalent basis to reflect what our tax-exempt assets would need to yield in order to achieve the same after-tax yield as a taxable asset. We used the current federal statutory tax rate in effect of 21% for all periods. This analysis portrays the income tax benefits related to tax-exempt assets and helps to facilitate a comparison between taxable and tax-exempt assets. Management believes that it is a standard practice in the banking industry to present net interest margin and net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis and that it may enhance comparability for peer comparison purposes for both management and investors.

The following table presents a three-year average balance sheet and for each major asset and liability category, its related interest income and yield, or its expense and rate for the years ended December 31.

(1)Interest income is reflected on a fully taxable equivalent basis.

(2)Includes loans held-for-sale.

The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in taxable equivalent net interest income attributable to changes in the average balances of assets and liabilities and the yields earned or rates paid for the years ended December 31.

(1) The variance not solely due to rate or volume is allocated equally between the rate and volume variances.

(2) Interest on investment securities includes the effect of taxable equivalent adjustments of $10.5 million in 2025, $11.1 million in 2024, and $11.5 million in 2023; using the federal statutory tax rate in effect of 21%.

(3) Interest on loans includes the effect of taxable equivalent adjustments of $17.9 million in 2025, $13.4 million in 2024, and $11.9 million, in 2023; using the federal statutory tax rate in effect of 21%.

Net interest income in 2025 increased compared to 2024 driven by the acquisition of Bremer as well as strong loan growth, and lower costs of average interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by higher balances of average interest-bearing liabilities.

The increase in the net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis in 2025 when compared to 2024 was primarily due to the impact of Bremer, loan growth, and lower costs of average interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by higher balances of average interest-bearing liabilities. The yield on average earning assets was 5.59% in both 2024 and 2025 and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 29 basis points from 2.98% in 2024 to 2.69% in 2025. Average earning assets increased by $12.0 billion, or 26%, reflecting an $8.7 billion increase in average loans and a $3.0 billion increase in average investment securities. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $9.2 billion, or 26%, reflecting an $8.1 billion increase in average interest-bearing deposits and a $1.1 billion increase in average borrowed funds. Average noninterest-bearing deposits increased by $2.3 billion.

The increase in average earning assets in 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily due to Bremer loans and securities acquired as well as strong loan growth. The loan portfolio, including loans held-for-sale, which generally has an average yield higher than the investment portfolio, was 75% of average interest earning assets in 2025, compared to 76% in 2024.

Average loans, including loans held-for-sale, increased $8.7 billion in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to Bremer loans acquired as well as strong commercial loan growth. Loans acquired in the Bremer transaction totaled $11.1 billion at transaction close.

Average non-interest-bearing deposits increased $2.3 billion in 2025 compared to 2024 while average interest-bearing deposits increased $8.1 billion reflecting Bremer deposits assumed and organic growth. Deposits assumed in the Bremer transaction totaled $12.9 billion at the close of the transaction.

Provision for Credit Losses

The following table details the components of provision for credit losses:

Total provision for credit losses increased $87.1 million in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to credit migration, net charge-offs, and macroeconomic factors. In addition, the provision for credit losses on loans in 2025 included $75.6 million to establish an allowance for credit losses on non-PCD Bremer loans and unfunded loan commitments acquired. The provision for credit losses on loans in 2024 included $15.3 million to establish an allowance for credit losses on non-PCD loans acquired in the CapStar transaction. Continued loan growth in future periods, a decline in our current level of recoveries, or an increase in charge-offs could result in an increase in provision expense. Additionally, provision expense may be volatile due to changes in CECL model assumptions of credit quality, macroeconomic factors and conditions, and loan composition, which drive the allowance for credit losses balance. For additional information about non-performing loans, charge-offs, and additional items impacting the provision, refer to the “Risk Management – Credit Risk” section of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Noninterest Income

We generate revenues in the form of noninterest income through client fees, sales commissions, and gains and losses from our core banking franchise and other related businesses, such as wealth management, investment consulting, and investment products. This source of revenue as a percentage of total revenue was 18% in 2025 compared to 19% in 2024.

The following table details the components of noninterest income:

Noninterest income in 2025 included a $5.1 million net gain associated with the freezing of the benefits of the Bremer pension plan and subsequent termination of the plan. Excluding this gain, noninterest income increased $106.7 million compared to 2024 driven by the acquisition of Bremer in May 2025, the CapStar acquisition in April 2024, organic growth of fee-based businesses, and higher other income.

Mortgage banking revenue increased $12.2 million in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to higher mortgage originations, increased loan sales, and the Bremer partnership.

Capital markets income increased $17.0 million in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to higher levels of commercial real estate client interest rate swap fees and the Bremer partnership.

Other income increased $21.3 million in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to additional other income associated with the acquisitions of Bremer and CapStar, the $5.1 million net gain associated with the freezing of the benefits of the Bremer pension plan and subsequent termination of the plan, and $4.2 million of net gains on sales of commercial loans.

Noninterest Expense

The following table details the components of noninterest expense:

Noninterest expense in 2025 included $140.9 million of merger-related expenses and a $3.0 million reduction to a previously accrued FDIC special assessment. Noninterest expense in 2024 included $37.3 million of merger-related expenses, a $13.3 million non-cash, pre-tax expense associated with the distribution of excess pension assets with the resolution of the legacy First Midwest plan, $3.0 million for an FDIC special assessment, and $2.6 million of separation expense. Excluding these expenses, noninterest expense increased to $1.3 billion in 2025 compared to $1.0 billion in 2024. This increase was driven by operating costs and additional amortization of intangibles related to the acquisitions of Bremer and CapStar, as well as higher salary and employee benefits reflective of merit and performance-driven incentive accruals.

Amortization of tax credit investments increased $12.8 million in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to additional amortization related to the Bremer acquisition. In addition, the recognition of tax credit amortization expense is contingent upon the successful completion of the rehabilitation of a historic building or completion of a solar project within the reporting period. Many factors including weather, labor availability, building regulations, inspections, and other unexpected construction delays related to a rehabilitation project can cause a project to exceed its estimated completion date. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on our tax credit investments.

Provision for Income Taxes

We record a provision for income taxes currently payable and for income taxes payable or benefits to be received in the future, which arise due to timing differences in the recognition of certain items for financial statement and income tax purposes. The major difference between the effective tax rate applied to our financial statement income and the federal statutory tax rate is caused by a tax benefit from our tax credit investments and interest on tax-exempt securities and loans. The effective tax rate was 20.5% in 2025 compared to 20.8% in 2024. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for additional details on Old National’s income tax provision.