OLD NATIONAL BANCORP /IN/

NOTE 17 –FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

•Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Old National used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Investment securities and equity securities: The fair values for investment securities and equity securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Discounted cash flows are calculated using swap and SOFR curves plus spreads that adjust for loss severities, volatility, credit risk, and optionality. During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.

Loans held-for-sale: The fair value of loans held-for-sale is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan (Level 2).

Derivative financial instruments: The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based on market quotes developed using observable inputs as of the valuation date (Level 2).

Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets and liabilities for which we have elected the fair value option, are summarized below:

Non-Recurring Basis

Assets measured at fair value at September 30, 2025 on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

Commercial and commercial real estate loans that are deemed collateral dependent are valued using the discounted cash flows. The liquidation amounts are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral using the most recently available appraisals with certain adjustments made based on the type of property, age of appraisal, current status of the property, and other related factors to estimate the current value of the collateral. These commercial and commercial real estate loans had a principal amount of $254.5 million, with a valuation allowance of $65.9 million at September 30, 2025. Old National recorded provision expense associated with these loans totaling $7.7 million and $32.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to $19.4 million and $33.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Other real estate owned and other repossessed property is measured at fair value less costs to sell on a non-recurring basis and had a net carrying amount of $1.2 million at September 30, 2025. There wereno writedowns on other real estate owned in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $0.5 million of write-downs in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $0.1 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Assets measured at fair value at December 31, 2024 on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

At December 31, 2024, commercial and commercial real estate loans that are deemed collateral dependent had a principal amount of $213.8 million, with a valuation allowance of $58.7 million. Net carrying amount of other real estate owned and other repossessed property totaled $1.2 million at December 31, 2024.

The table below provides quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.

(2)There was onlyone foreclosed commercial real estate property andone foreclosed residential property at December 31, 2024 with write-downs during the year ended December 31, 2024, so no range or weighted average is reported.

Fair Value Option

Old National may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in net income. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability, or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not be revoked once an election is made.

Loans Held-For-Sale

Old National has elected the fair value option for loans held-for-sale. For these loans, interest income is recorded in the consolidated statements of income based on the contractual amount of interest income earned on the financial assets (except any that are on nonaccrual status). None of these loans are 90 days or more past due, nor are any on nonaccrual status. Interest income for loans held-for-sale is included in the income statement totaling $0.9 million and $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to $0.7 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Newly originated conforming fixed-rate and adjustable-rate first mortgage loans are intended for sale and are hedged with derivative instruments. Old National has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplification. The fair value option was not elected for loans held for investment.

The difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining principal balance for loans for which the fair value option has been elected was as follows:

Accrued interest at period end is included in the fair value of the instruments.

The following table presents the amount of gains and losses from fair value changes included in income before income taxes for financial assets carried at fair value:

Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value were as follows:

The methods utilized to measure the fair value of financial instruments at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 represent an approximation of exit price, however, an actual exit price may differ.