HORIZON BANCORP INC /IN/

Note 1 -Accounting Policies

Nature of Business and Basis of Reporting

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Horizon Bancorp, Inc. (“Horizon” or the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Horizon Bank (“Horizon Bank” or the “Bank”), which is an Indiana commercial bank. All inter–company balances and transactions have been eliminated. The results of operations for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year of 2025 or 2024. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of Horizon’s management, necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of Horizon for the periods presented. Those adjustments consist only of normal recurring adjustments.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in Horizon’s annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Horizon’s Annual Report on Form 10–K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report on Form 10–K”). The condensed consolidated balance sheet of Horizon as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited balance sheet as of that date.

Horizon Bancorp hasone reportable segment. Business activities are managed on a consolidated basis and revenues are derived primarily through commercial banking, offering retail banking and private wealth management from North America. Horizon Bancorp’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM assesses performance and allocates resources based on consolidated net income, as reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income, and the same accounting policies are applied as described in the Note 1 - Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Horizon’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10–K.

The CODM uses net income to evaluate income generated from segment assets in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the business or distribute dividends to shareholders. The CODM also uses net income in competitive analysis by benchmarking against Horizon Bancorp’s competitors. The competitive analysis, along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results, is used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing management’s compensation

On July 16, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized a stock repurchase program for up to 2,250,000 shares of Horizon’s issued and outstanding common stock, no par value. As of September 30, 2025, Horizon had repurchased a total of 803,349 shares at an average price per share of$16.89.

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders (net income less dividend requirements for preferred stock and accretion of preferred stock discount) by the weighted–average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following table shows computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.

Due to the net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, all potential common shares are non-dilutive and are therefore excluded from diluted earnings per share. There were 87,012 and 87,012 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 which were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were non–dilutive.

Note 2 –Securities

The fair value of available-for-sale securities is as follows.

In August 2025, the Company reclassified its held-to-maturity investment portfolio, with a carrying value of $1.8 billion and unrealized loss of $282.6 million, to the available-for-sale portfolio as part of the Company's balance sheet repositioning. Following the reclassification, the Company sold securities with a fair value of $1.4 billion, recognizing a pre-tax loss of $299.5 million upon sale.

The fair value of trading securities is as follows:

For the three and nine-months ending September 30, 2025, the net gains (losses) on trading securities were determined to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and the fair value of the Company’s available for sale investments in which an allowance for credit losses were not recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

Certain investments in debt securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had 801 and 2,115 securities, respectively, with market values below their cost basis. The total fair value of these investments at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $0.3 billion and $1.8 billion, which is approximately 36% and 86%, respectively, of the Company's available for sale, andheld to maturity securities portfolio.

The Company determines credit losses on available-for-sale investment securities by a discounted cash flow approach using the security’s prepayment-adjusted effective interest rate. The allowance for credit losses is measured as the amount by which an investment security’s amortized cost exceeds the net present value of expected future cash flows. However, the amount of credit losses for available-for-sale investment securities is limited to the amount of a security’s unrealized loss.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on available for sale debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Due to a specific issuer's deferral of principal and interest payments, the Company placed the security with a fair value of $2.9 million on non-accrual status and recorded a $150 thousand allowance for credit losses on certain corporate debt securities.

Based on an evaluation of available evidence, management believes the unrealized losses on available for sale state and municipal securities, private labeled mortgage–backed pools and corporate notes, excluding certain securities disclosed above, were due to changes in interest rates. Due to the contractual terms, the issuers of state and municipal securities are not allowed to settle for less than the amortized cost of the security.

The allowance for credit losses for held to maturity securities is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of held to maturity securities to present the net amount expected to be collected. Held to maturity securities are charged off against the allowance for credit loss when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the allowance for credit loss are reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in credit loss expense. The Company measures expected credit losses on held to maturity securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With regards to U.S. Government-sponsored treasuries, agency and mortgage-backed securities, all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and municipal, private label mortgage-backed and corporate note held to maturity securities, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have been insignificant. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no past due principal and interest payments associated with these securities. An allowance for credit loss of $0 and $158 thousand was recorded on these securities based on applying the long-term historical rating agency credit loss rate for similarly rated securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

On a quarterly basis, the Company refreshes the credit quality indicator of each held-to-maturity security. The Company applies ratings derived from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations ("NRSRO"), specifically Moody's and Standard & Poor's. For state and municipal securities where no rating is available from the NRSROs, a consistent internally-assigned rating methodology is applied. The amortized cost of the state and municipal securities in the following tables subject to this methodology totaled$0 as of September 30, 2025, and $125.0 million as of December 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes credit ratings of our held-to-maturity securities at amortized cost for the periods indicated:

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities and held to maturity secur ities totaled $5.1 million at September 30, 2025 and $12.7 million at December 31, 2024 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies and mortgage–backed securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major credit rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. Therefore, for those securities, we do not record expected credit losses.

Information regarding securities proceeds, gross gains, and gross losses are presented below:

The tax benefit of the proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale was$62.9 million for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The following table represents the fair value and amortized costs of pledged securities, excluding overnight repurchase agreements.

Note 3 –Loans

The table below identifies the Company’s loan portfolio segments and classes.

Portfolio segment is defined as a level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses. Class of financing receivable is defined as a group of financing receivables determined on the basis of both of the following, 1) risk characteristics of the financing receivable, and 2) an entity’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Generally, the Bank does not move loans from a revolving loan to a term loan other than construction loans. Construction loans are reviewed and rewritten prior to being originated as a term loan.

The following table presents outstanding loans held for investment by portfolio class, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Total loans include net unearned discounts and deferred loan costs of$7.2 millionat September 30, 2025 and $14.9 million at December 31, 2024, respectively.

Non–performing Loans

The following table presents non–accrual loans and loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loans at September 30, 2025:

The following table presents non–accrual loans and loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loan at December 31, 2024:

There wasno interest income recognized on non-accrual loans during the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, while the loans were in non-accrual status.

The amount of accrued interest receivable written off by the Company by reversing interest income was not material during the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following table presents the payment status by class of loan at September 30, 2025:

The following table presents the payment status by class of loan at December 31, 2024:

The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date.

Modified Loans

The following tables detail the amortized cost at September 30, 2025 of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the amortized cost at September 30, 2024, of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during thethree and nine months periods ended September 30, 2024:

The following tables summarize the financial impacts of loan modifications and payment deferrals, as applicable, during the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The financial impacts of the modifications did not significantly impact our determination of the allowance for credit losses during the periods presented above.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis at September 30, 2025 of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had been modified within the previous 12 months:

The following table presents the amortized cost basis at September 30, 2024 of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had been modified within the previous 12 months:

On an ongoing basis, we monitor the performance of all modified loans according to their modified terms. The amortized cost of modified loans that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, which were still in default at period end, and were within 12 months or less of being modified was $0.9 and $3.7 million respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had $— and $1.3 million in payment defaults, respectively.

For purposes of this disclosure, the Company considers “default” to mean 30 days or more past due of contractual interest or principal.

Collateral Dependent Financial Assets

A collateral dependent financial loan relies solely on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with the loan, the Company considers character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. However, as other sources of repayment become inadequate over time, the significance of the collateral's value increases and the loan may become collateral dependent.

The tables below present the amortized cost basis and allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) allocated for collateral dependent loans in accordance with ASC 326, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had a carrying valueof $1.5 millionof repossessed assets. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had a recorded net investment of$0.3 million of consumer mortgage loans in which foreclosure proceedings have commenced. Repossessed assets are a component of other assets within the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Credit Quality Indicators

Horizon Bank’s processes for determining credit quality differ slightly depending on whether a new loan or a renewed loan is being underwritten, or whether an existing loan is being re–evaluated for credit quality. The latter usually occurs upon receipt of current financial information or other pertinent data that would trigger a change in the credit quality grade.

•For new and renewed commercial loans, the Bank’s Credit Department, which acts independently of the loan officer, assigns the credit quality grade to the loan. Loan grades for loans with an aggregate credit exposure that exceeds the authorities in the respective regions (ranging from $3,000,000 to $6,000,000) are validated by the Loan Committee, which is chaired by the Chief Commercial Banking Officer (“CCBO”).

•Commercial loan officers are responsible for reviewing their loan portfolios and promptly assessing any adverse change in credit quality and revising the risk rating appropriately. When circumstances warrant a change in the credit quality grade, loan officers are required to notify the Credit Department of the change in the credit quality grade. Downgrades are accepted immediately, however, lenders must present their factual information to the Credit Department when recommending an upgrade. Downgrades to impaired status require the concurrence of the CCBO and the Senior Workout Loan Manager.

•The CCBO, or a designee, meets periodically with loan officers to discuss the status of past due loans and classified loans. These meetings are also designed to give the loan officers an opportunity to identify an existing loan that should be downgraded to a classified grade.

•Monthly, senior management meets as members of the Watch Committee, which reviews all of the past due, classified, and impaired loans and the relative trends of these assets. This committee also reviews the actions taken by management regarding foreclosure mitigation, loan extensions, loan modifications, other real estate owned and personal property repossessions. The information reviewed in this meeting acts as a precursor for developing management’s analysis of the adequacy of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases.

For residential real estate and consumer loans, Horizon uses a grading system based on delinquency. Loans that are 90 days or more past due, on non–accrual, or are classified as modified loans are graded “Substandard.” After being 90 to 120 days delinquent a loan is charged off unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. If the latter case exists, the loan is placed on non–accrual. Occasionally a mortgage loan may be graded as “Special Mention.” When this situation arises, it is because the characteristics of the loan and the borrower fit the definition of a Risk Grade 5 described below, which is normally used for grading commercial loans. Loans not graded Substandard are considered Pass.

Horizon Bank employs a nine–grade rating system to determine the credit quality of commercial loans. The first five grades represent acceptable quality, and the last four grades mirror the criticized and classified grades used by the bank regulatory agencies (special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss). The loan grade definitions are detailed below.

Risk Grade 1: Excellent (Pass)

Loans secured by liquid collateral, such as certificates of deposit, reputable bank letters of credit, or other cash equivalents or loans to any publicly held company with a current long–term debt rating of A or better and meeting defined key financial metric ranges.

Risk Grade 2: Good (Pass)

Loans to businesses that have strong financial statements containing an unqualified opinion from a CPA firm and at least three years consecutive years of profits; loans supported by unaudited financial statements containing strong balance sheets, five consecutive years of profits, afive year satisfactory relationship with the Bank, and key balance sheet and income statement trends that are either stable or positive; loans secured by publicly traded marketable securities with required margins where there is no impediment to liquidation; loans to individuals backed by liquid personal assets and unblemished credit histories; or loans to publicly held companies with current long–term debt ratings of Baa or better and meeting defined key financial metric ranges.

Risk Grade 3: Satisfactory (Pass)

Loans supported by financial statements (audited or unaudited) that indicate average or slightly below average risk and having some deficiency or vulnerability to changing economic conditions; loans with some weakness but offsetting features of other support are readily available; loans that are meeting the terms of repayment, but which may be susceptible to deterioration if adverse factors are encountered and meeting defined key financial metric ranges. Loans may be graded Satisfactory when there is no recent information on which to base a current risk evaluation and the following conditions apply:

•At inception, the loan was properly underwritten, did not possess an unwarranted level of credit risk, and the loan met the above criteria for a risk grade of Excellent, Good, or Satisfactory;

•At inception, the loan was secured with collateral possessing a loan value adequate to protect the Bank from loss.

•The loan has exhibitedtwo or more years of satisfactory repayment with a reasonable reduction of the principal balance.

•During the period that the loan has been outstanding, there has been no evidence of any credit weakness. Some examples of weakness include slow payment, lack of cooperation by the borrower, breach of loan covenants, or the borrower is in an industry known to be experiencing problems. If any of these credit weaknesses is observed, a lower risk grade may be warranted.

Risk Grade 4: Satisfactory/Monitored

Loans in this category are considered to be of acceptable credit quality, but contain greater credit risk than Satisfactory rated loans and meet defined key financial metric ranges. Borrower displays acceptable liquidity, leverage, and earnings performance within the Bank’s minimum underwriting guidelines. The level of risk is acceptable but conditioned on the proper level of loan officer supervision. Loans that normally fall into this grade include acquisition, construction and development loans and income producing properties that have not reached stabilization.

Risk Grade 4W: Management Watch

Loans in this category are considered to be of acceptable quality and meet defined key financial metric ranges, but with above normal risk. Borrower displays potential indicators of weakness in the primary source of repayment resulting in a higher reliance on secondary sources of repayment. Balance sheet may exhibit weak liquidity and/or high leverage. There is inconsistent earnings performance without the ability to sustain adverse economic conditions. Borrower may be operating in a declining industry or the property type, as for a commercial real estate loan, may be high risk or in decline. These loans require an increased level of loan officer supervision and monitoring to assure that any deterioration is addressed in a timely fashion. Commercial construction loans are graded as 4W Management Watch until the projects are completed and stabilized.

Risk Grade 5: Special Mention

Loans which possess some temporary (normally less than one year) credit deficiency or potential weakness which deserves close attention. Such loans pose an unwarranted financial risk that, if not corrected, could weaken the loan by adversely impacting the future repayment ability of the borrower. The key distinctions of a Special Mention classification are that (1) it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk and (2) weaknesses are considered “potential,” not “defined,” impairments to the primary source of repayment. These loans may be to borrowers with adverse trends in financial performance, collateral value and/or marketability, or balance sheet strength and must meet defined key financial metric ranges.

Risk Grade 6: Substandard

One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified Substandard:

•Loans which possess a defined credit weakness. The likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source of repayment is uncertain. Financial deterioration is under way and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss.

•Loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor.

•The primary source of repayment is gone, and the Bank is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment, such as collateral liquidation or guarantees.

•Loans have a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

•Unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment.

•The borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, it continues to make interest payments.

•The lender is forced into a subordinated or unsecured position due to flaws in documentation.

•Loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms, and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms.

•The lender is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration in the loan.

•There is a significant deterioration in market conditions to which the borrower is highly vulnerable.

•The borrower meets defined key financial metric ranges.

Risk Grade 7: Doubtful

One or more of the following characteristics may be present in loans classified Doubtful:

•Loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on existing conditions, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly improbable.

•The primary source of repayment is gone, and there is considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary source of repayment.

•The possibility of loss is high but because of certain important pending factors which may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until the exact status of repayment is known.

•The borrower meets defined key financial metric ranges.

Risk Grade 8: Loss

Loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets is not feasible. Loans will be classified Loss when it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.

The following tables present loans by credit grades and origination year at September 30, 2025.

The following tables present loans by credit grades and origination year at December 31, 2024.

Note 4 –Allowance for Credit and Loan Losses

The following tables represent, by loan portfolio segment, a summary of changes in the ACL on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The accrued interest receivable on our loan receivables is excluded from the allowance for credit loss estimate and is included in interest receivable on our consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the accrued interest on our loan portfolio was $22.9 million and $25.6 million, respectively.

The Company utilized the Cumulative Loss Rate method in determining expected future credit losses. The loss rate method measures the amount of loan charge–offs, net of recoveries, (“loan losses”) recognized over the life of a closed pool and compares those loan losses to the outstanding loan balance of that pool as of a specific point in time (“pool date”).

To estimate a CECL loss rate for the pool, management first identifies the loan losses recognized between the pool date and the reporting date for the pool and determines which loan losses were related to loans outstanding at the pool date. The loss rate method then divides the loan losses recognized on loans outstanding as of the pool date by the outstanding loan balance as of the pool date.

The Company’s expected loss estimate is anchored in historical credit loss experience, with an emphasis on all available portfolio data. The Company’s historical look–back period includes January 2009 through the current period, on a monthly basis. When historical credit loss experience is not sufficient for a specific portfolio, the Company may supplement its own portfolio data with external models or data. The Company supplemented data for 2009 and 2010 with the use of adjusted Uniform Bank Performance Report peer group data.

Qualitative reserves reflect management’s overall estimate of the extent to which current expected credit losses on collectively evaluated loans will differ from historical loss experience. The analysis takes into consideration other analytics performed within the organization, such as enterprise and concentration management, along with other credit–related analytics as deemed appropriate. Management attempts to quantify qualitative reserves whenever possible.

The Company’s CECL estimate applies to a forecast that incorporates macroeconomic trends and other environmental factors. Management utilized Moody's economic forecast scenarios including both National and Regional econometrics, as well as management judgment, as the basis for the forecast period. The historical loss rate was utilized as the base rate, and qualitative adjustments were utilized to reflect the forecast and other relevant factors.

The Company segments the loan portfolio into pools based on the following risk characteristics: financial asset type, loan purpose, collateral type, loan characteristics, credit characteristics, outstanding loan balances, contractual terms and prepayment assumptions, industry of the borrower and concentrations, and historical or expected credit loss patterns.

Liability for Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit

The following tables represent, by loan portfolio segment, a summary of changes in the activity in the liability for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit (please see note 14):

Note 5 –Loan Servicing

Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of loans serviced for others totaled approximately$1.41 billionand$1.44 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Activity for mortgage servicing rights and the related impairment allowance were as follows:

Fair value at September 30, 2025 was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis with the discount rates ranging from 8.5% to 11.0% and prepayment speeds ranging from 5.9% to 12.1%, depending on the stratification of the specific type. Fair value at September 30, 2024 was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis with a discount rate of 11.0% and prepayment speeds ranging from 6.0% to 12.0%, depending on the stratification of the specific type.

Note 6 –Goodwill

The carrying amount of goodwill was $155.2 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist. When assessing goodwill for impairment, first, a qualitative assessment can be made to determine whether it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its estimated carrying value. If the results of the qualitative assessment are not conclusive, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. Alternatively, a quantitative goodwill test can be performed without performing a qualitative assessment.

No goodwill impairment charges were recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Note 7 –Repurchase Agreements

The Company transfers various securities to customers in exchange for cash at the end of each business day and agrees to acquire the securities at the end of the next business day for the cash exchanged plus interest. The process is repeated at the end of each business day until the agreement is terminated. The securities underlying the agreement remained under the Company’s control.

The following tables show repurchase agreements accounted for as secured borrowings and the related securities, at fair value, pledged for repurchase agreements:

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are secured by securities with a carrying amount of $90.1 million and $96.8 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note 8 –Subordinated Notes

On June 24, 2020, Horizon issued $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% fixed–to–floating rate subordinated notes (the “ 2030 Notes”). The Notes mature on July 01, 2030 (the “Maturity Date”). The 2030 Notes had a fixed interest rate of 5.625% per annum until July 1, 2025 and a floating rate per annum equal to the Three–Month Term SOFR, plus 549 basis points, thereafter until the Maturity Date, with the floating rate interest payment period commencing on October 1, 2025. As of July 1, 2025, the floating rate was 9.781%. During the third quarter of 2025, Horizon provided a notice of redemption to the holders of the 2030 Notes that Horizon would be redeeming the 2030 Notes, in full, on October 1, 2025. Horizon redeemed the 2030 Notes, in full, on October 1, 2025 by using the net proceeds from the sale of the 2035 Notes, as described below and in Note 15 – Subsequent Events.

On August 29, 2025, Horizon completed the offering and sale of $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 7.000%

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2035 (the “2035 Notes,” and collectively with the 2030 Notes, the “Notes”). The 2035 Notes were issued by Horizon at a price equal to 100% of their face amount. Horizon used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including in support of the potential repositioning of its balance sheet, and to redeem approximately $56.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes, which was completed on October 1, 2025 (See Note 15 - Subsequent Events). The 2035 Notes will initially bear interest at a fixed interest rate of 7.000% per annum until September 15, 2030, after which time the interest rate will reset quarterly to a floating rate equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the then current three-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 360 basis points until the 2035 Notes' maturity on September 15, 2035. The Notes are redeemable by Horizon, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date on or after September 15, 2030, and at any time upon the occurrence of certain events, subject to the receipt of the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to the extent then required under applicable laws or regulations, including capital regulations. The 2035 Notes are intended to qualify as Tier 2 capital of the Company for regulatory capital purposes.

On December 8, 2023, Horizon cancelled $3.5 million of the $60.0 million in 2030 Notes at a price of 89.5 recording a gain of $368,000. The total balance, net of unamortized issuance costs, of the Notes was $154.0 million and $55.7 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Total unamortized debt issuance costs were $2.5 million and $0.8 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note 9 –Derivative Financial Instruments

Our hedging policy allows the use of interest rate derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate risk of specified assets and liabilities. All derivative instruments are carried on the balance sheet at their estimated fair value and are recorded in other assets or other liabilities, as appropriate, and in the net change in each of these financial statement line items in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows.

Fair Value Hedges

Fair value hedges are used to manage interest rate risk related to the underlying hedged items. The Company utilizes fair value hedges and applies the portfolio layer method to hedge stated amounts within a closed portfolio of certain available-for-sale mortgage-backed debt securities. As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost of closed portfolios of AFS debt securities using the portfolio layer method was $124.1 million and $0 million, respectively.

To mitigate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on fair value, the Company previously entered into interest rate swap agreements on individual loans, converting the fixed rate loans to a variable rate. The Company also previously utilized fair value hedges to hedge investment securities, converting the fixed rate security to a variable rate. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company terminated the fair value hedges on loans and securities, recording a deferred gain of $2.3 million on the loan termination that will be accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the underlying loans, and a mark-to-market adjustment of $0.3 million that was recorded in non-interest income upon termination of the fair value hedges on investment securities.

Changes to fair-value hedges on loans and the related loans are recorded as gains or losses in non–interest income. Changes to fair value hedges on mortgage-backed securities are recorded in interest income. The fair value hedges are considered highly effective.

Other Derivative Instruments

From time to time, the Company may enter into interest rate swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivative contracts typically involve transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer while simultaneously executing an offsetting interest rate swap with a third-party financial institution. Under these arrangements, the Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable rate and receives interest from the customer at a fixed rate. Concurrently, the Company pays the same fixed rate to the third-party financial institution and receives the same variable rate on the same notional amount. These interest rate derivative contracts allow our customers to effectively convert variable rate loans to fixed rate loans.

The Company also enters into non–hedging derivatives in the form of mortgage loan forward sale commitments with investors and commitments to originate mortgage loans as part of its mortgage banking operations. As of September 30, 2025, these derivatives are recorded at fair value and are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's net income over the next 12 months.

Changes in fair value of both the forward sale commitments and commitments to originate mortgage loans were recorded and the net gains or losses included in the Company’s gain on sale of loans.

The following tables summarize the fair value of our derivative financial instruments utilized by Horizon on a gross basis for the periods indicated.

While the Company is party to master netting arrangements with most of its swap derivative counterparties, the Company has elected to not offset derivative assets and liabilities under these agreements on its consolidated balance sheets.

Collateral exchanged between the Company and dealer bank counterparties is generally subject to thresholds and transfer minimums and usually consists of marketable securities. At September 30, 2025, the Company pledged marketable securities as collateral with a carrying value of $27.7 million.

The effect of the derivative and the hedged item in fair value hedging relationships on the condensed consolidated statements of income for three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 is as follows:

The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 is as follows:

The following tables summarize the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedging relationships.

Note 10 –Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Fair Value Measurements topic of the FASB ASC defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 –Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 –Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3 –Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended September 30, 2025. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

Available for sale securities

When quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows. Level 2 securities include U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities, state and municipal securities, U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities, corporate notes. Level 2 securities are valued by a third party pricing service commonly used in the banking industry utilizing observable inputs. Observable inputs include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flow analysis, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment spreads and available credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions. The pricing provider utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary based on asset class. These models incorporate available market information including quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and, because many fixed–income securities do not trade on a daily basis, apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector grouping, and matrix pricing. In addition, model processes, such as an option adjusted spread model, is used to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios for securities with prepayment features. Level 3 securities use the discounted cash flow model or other market indicators to calculate the fair values.

Equity securities

The fair value of the Company's equity investments is estimated by a third party utilizing readily determinable fair values quoted on an active market.

Interest rate swap agreements

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements is estimated by a third party using inputs that are primarily unobservable including a yield curve, adjusted for liquidity and credit risk, contracted terms and discounted cash flow analysis, and therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Commitments to originate mortgage loans and mortgage loan contract assets/liabilities

The Company’s forward commitments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets in an active market with inputs that are observable.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the FASB ASC fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at the following:

Certain other assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the ordinary course of business and are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment):

Collateral Dependent Loans: For loans identified as collateral dependent, the fair value method of measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor to the value.

Loans Transferred to Held for Sale: Once a decision has been made to sell loans not previously classified as held for sale, these loans are transferred into the held for sale category and carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At the time of transfer into held for sale classification, any amount by which cost exceeds fair value is accounted for as a valuation allowance. This activity generally pertains to loans with observable inputs, and

therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, should these loans include adjustments for changes in loan characteristics based on unobservable inputs, the loans would then be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were zero and $64.8 million loans transferred to held for sale on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

The following table presents qualitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements.

Note 11 –Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair value amounts of the Company’s financial instruments were determined using available market information, current pricing information applicable to Horizon and various valuation methodologies. Where market quotations were not available, considerable management judgment was involved in the determination of estimated fair values. Therefore, the estimated fair value of financial instruments shown below may not be representative of the amounts at which they could be exchanged in a current or future transaction. Due to the inherent uncertainties of expected cash flows of financial instruments, the use of alternate valuation assumptions and methods could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following table does not include certain financial instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, including some non-recurring financial instruments. See Note 10 for more details.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments, as shown below, are not intended to reflect the estimated liquidation or market value of Horizon taken as a whole. The disclosed fair value estimates are limited to Horizon’s significant financial instruments at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These include financial instruments recognized as assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as well as certain off–balance sheet financial instruments. The estimated fair values shown below do not include any valuation of assets and liabilities, which are not financial instruments as defined by the FASB ASC fair value hierarchy.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents are composed of: cash and due from banks, interest bearing deposits in banks, and federal funds sold. The carrying amounts approximate fair value.

Interest-Earning Time Deposits – The carrying amounts approximate fair value.

Held–to–Maturity Securities – For debt securities held to maturity, fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. For those securities where a quoted market price is not available, carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value based upon comparison with similar securities.

Loans Held for Sale –For mortgage loans, the fair value is derived from third party pricing models, based on active quotes. For non-mortgage loans, the assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

Net Loans – The fair value of net loans are estimated on an exit price basis incorporating discounts for credit, liquidity and marketability factors.

FHLB Stock – Fair value of FHLB stock is based on the price at which it may be resold to the FHLB.

Interest Payable – The carrying amounts approximate fair value.

Deposits – The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, interest bearing checking accounts and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date and are classified within Level 1. The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturity and are classified within Level 2.

Borrowings – Rates currently available to Horizon for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate fair values of existing borrowings.

Subordinated Notes – The fair value of subordinated notes is based on discounted cash flows based on current borrowing rates for similar types of instruments.

Junior Subordinated Debentures to Capital Trusts – Rates currently available for debentures with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate fair values of existing debentures.

The following tables present estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall.

Note 12 –Stockholders' Equity

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax included in capital are as follows:

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

On August 22, 2025, the Company closed a public offering of 7,138,050 shares of its common stock, at a price to the public of $14.50 per share, which included 931,050 shares of the Company’s common stock granted pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts. This offering generated net proceeds of approximately $98.0 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

Note 13 –Regulatory Capital

Horizon and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. These capital requirements implement changes arising from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the U.S. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital framework (known as “Basel III”). Failure to meet the minimum regulatory capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators, which if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective actions, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines involving quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off–balance–sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

The Company and Bank are subject to minimum regulatory capital requirements as defined and calculated in accordance with the Basel III–based regulations. As allowed under Basel III rules, the Company made the decision to opt–out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. The minimum regulatory capital requirements are set forth in the table below.

In addition, to be categorized as well capitalized, the Company and Bank must maintain Total risk–based, Tier I risk–based, common equity Tier I risk–based and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company and Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to be considered well capitalized. There have been no conditions or events since the end of the third quarter of 2025 that management believes have changed the Bank’s classification as well capitalized. There is no threshold for well capitalized status for bank holding companies.

The following table presents Horizon and the Bank’s actual and required capital ratios as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as well as the revisions to Horizon's regulatory capital ratios to reflect the correction of the capital computations for the foregoing periods:

Note 14 –Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Commitments, and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.

Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to a client, so long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the credit risk involved in extending loan facilities to clients. The Company’s policy for obtaining collateral, and determining the nature of such collateral, is essentially the same as in the Company’s policies for making commitments to extend credit. The methodology for estimating the liability for unfunded loan commitments is consistent with the allowance for credit losses on loans.

The following table represents the commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively:

Note 15 -Subsequent Events

On October 01, 2025 (the “Redemption Date”), Horizon redeemed the entire $56.5 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of the 2030 Notes. The 2030 Notes were redeemed pursuant to the terms of that certain Indenture, dated as of June 24, 2020, between Horizon and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, and the First Supplemental Indenture thereto dated as of June 24, 2020, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the Redemption Date (the “Redemption Price”). As provided in the notice of redemption, dated August 29, 2025, previously provided to the holders of the 2030 Notes, each such holder is entitled to receive the Redemption Price upon surrender of the 2030 Notes to the Trustee. To complete the redemption, Horizon used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2035 Notes that closed on August 29, 2025.