GLOBE LIFE INC.

Other Long-Term Investments: Other long-term investments consist of the following assets:

(1) Company-owned life insurance (COLI) is reported at cash surrender value.

The following table presents additional information about the Company's investment funds as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 at fair value:

(1) Non-redeemable funds generally have an expected life of 7 to 12 years from fund closing with extension options of 1 to 4 years. Redemptions are paid out throughout the life of the funds at the General Partner's discretion. Redeemable funds can generally be redeemed over 6 to 36 months upon request from limited partners.

(2) Unfunded commitments include unfunded balances during the investment period. After an investment period ends, the fund can call capital based on limited and specified reasons. As of September 30, 2025, unfunded commitments totaled $628 million, including funds past the investment period.

The Company had $127 million of capital called during the period from existing investment funds. The Company's unfunded commitments were $471 million as of September 30, 2025.

Note 5—Commitments and Contingencies

Guarantees: At September 30, 2025, The Company hasone performance guarantee in effect. Per the Pre-capitalized Trust Securities agreement signed on July 1, 2025, Globe Life Inc. is required to purchase any treasury securities in default. Management believes it is unlikely the Company will have to make any material payments under this agreement due to default.

Letters of credit—The Parent Company has guaranteed letters of credit with a group of banks in connection with its credit facility. The letters of credit were issued by TMK Re, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary, to secure TMK Re, Ltd.’s obligation for claims on certain policies reinsured by TMK Re, Ltd. that were sold by other Globe Life insurance subsidiaries. These letters of credit facilitate TMK Re, Ltd.’s ability to reinsure the business of Globe Life's insurance carriers. The credit facility was amended on March 29, 2024 and now expires in 2029. The maximum amount of letters of credit available is $250 million. The Parent Company would be liable to the extent that TMK Re, Ltd. does not pay the reinsured party. The amount of letters of credit outstanding at September 30, 2025 was $115 million.

Litigation: Globe Life Inc. and its subsidiaries, in common with the insurance industry in general, are subject to litigation, including: putative class action litigation; alleged breaches of contract; torts, including bad faith and fraud claims based on alleged wrongful or fraudulent acts of agents of Globe Life Inc.'s insurance subsidiaries; alleged employment discrimination; alleged worker misclassification; and miscellaneous other causes of action. Based upon information presently available, and in light of legal and other factual defenses available to Globe Life Inc. and its subsidiaries, management does not believe that it is reasonably possible that such litigation will have a material adverse effect on Globe Life Inc.'s financial condition, future operating results or liquidity; however, assessing the eventual outcome of litigation necessarily involves forward-looking speculation as to judgments to be made by judges, juries and appellate courts in the future. This bespeaks caution, particularly in states with reputations for high punitive damage verdicts.

On April 30, 2024, a putative securities class action was filed against Globe Life Inc. andsix of its current/former executives and directors in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (City of Miami Gen. Emp. & Sanitation Emp. Ret. Trust, et al. v. Globe Life Inc., et al., Case No. 4:24-cv-00376). On July 24, 2024, the Court appointed Lead Plaintiffs and Lead Counsel for the putative class of shareholders. The Lead Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Complaint on October 4, 2024 that asserts claims under §§ 10(b), 20(a), and 20(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rules 10b-5(a), 10b-5(b), and 10b-5(c) promulgated thereunder, on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of Globe Life Inc.'s securities from May 8, 2019 through April 10, 2024. The Consolidated Complaint adds four additional executives as defendants and alleges that certain of Globe Life Inc.'s disclosures about financial performance and certain other public statements during the putative class period were materially false or misleading. Pursuant to Globe Life Inc.'s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and indemnification agreements with the individual defendants, Globe Life Inc. has agreed to indemnify the defendants for all expenses and losses related to the litigation, subject to the terms of those indemnification agreements. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the litigation on December 3, 2024, which motion was denied on September 29, 2025. Globe Life Inc. plans to vigorously defend against the lawsuit. The outcome of litigation of this type is inherently uncertain, and there is always the possibility that a Court rules in a manner that is adverse to the interests of Globe Life Inc. and the individual defendants. However, the amount of any such loss in that outcome cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Also pending in the Eastern District of Texas is a consolidated shareholder derivative suit that is closely related to the putative securities class action disclosed above (the “City of Miami Matter”). On November 7, 2024, Globe Life Inc. shareholder Jui Cheng Hsiao filed a shareholder derivative complaint against Globe Life Inc. as a nominal defendant, as well as certain current and former Globe Life Inc. executives and members of its Board of Directors. Pursuant to Globe Life Inc.'s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and indemnification agreements with the individual defendants, Globe Life Inc. has agreed to indemnify them for all expenses and losses related to the litigation, subject to the terms of those indemnification agreements. On November 14, 2024, Globe Life Inc. shareholder Gautam Jadhav filed a shareholder derivative complaint against the same set of defendants.

Each shareholder derivative complaint assertsone claim for breach of fiduciary duty against the individual defendants and alleges that the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties to Globe Life Inc. by causing or permitting Globe Life Inc. to make misleading statements about its performance and financial results. The allegations are substantially similar to the allegations made in the City of Miami Matter and derive from a short seller report. On November 25, 2024, thetwo shareholder plaintiffs moved to consolidate thetwo actions intoone action and the Court granted the motion on January 3, 2025 (In re Globe Life Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation, Lead Case No. 4:24-cv-00993-ALM (E.D. Tex.)). The case is before the same Court as the City of Miami Matter. On January 16, 2025, the parties filed a joint motion to stay such proceedings pending the Court’s resolution of the motion to dismiss filed by Globe Life Inc. in the City of Miami Matter. The Court granted such joint motion to stay the proceedings on January 25, 2025.

On September 19, 2025, an additional shareholder filed a separate derivative lawsuit in the Business Court for Dallas County, Texas, against Globe Life Inc. as a nominal defendant, as well as certain current and former Globe Life Inc. executives and members of its Board of Directors (James E. Walker v. Gary L. Coleman, et al., Case No. 25-BC01B-0041). Pursuant to Globe Life Inc.'s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and indemnification agreements with the individual defendants, Globe Life Inc. has agreed to indemnify them for all expenses and losses related to the litigation, subject to the terms of those indemnification agreements. Like the consolidated shareholder derivative lawsuit disclosed above, this litigation is largely similar to the City of Miami Matter and derives in part from a short seller report. The petition asserts three causes of action relating to the 2019 through 2024 time period, including: (i) a breach of fiduciary duty claim for failing to provide adequate oversight to prevent purportedly widespread corporate misconduct including fraud, discrimination and harassment; (ii) a breach of fiduciary duty claim against certain individual defendants who allegedly engaged in insider trading; and (iii) a claim for wasting corporate assets by paying excessive compensation and/or bonuses to certain of its executive officers. The petition alleges that Globe Life Inc. was thus exposed to potential legal liability and costs, and that Globe Life Inc. repurchased shares at an artificially inflated price. The petition seeks monetary damages as well as restitution, governance reforms, and accountability for executives and board members. Globe Life Inc. intends to mount a robust defense against the litigation.

On September 26, 2024, Globe Life Inc. and its subsidiary, American Income Life Insurance Company, were notified by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) that the EEOC conducted an investigation of charges filed against Globe Life Inc. and/or American Income Life Insurance Company byfive former sales agents andone then-current sales agent. The EEOC asserts that there is reasonable cause to believe thesix complainants were employees, not independent contractors, of Globe Life Inc. and/or American Income Life Insurance Company and were discriminated against on the basis of sex, and thatone complainant was also discriminated against on the basis of race. In addition, the EEOC asserts that there is reasonable cause to believe that a class of female workers were employees, not independent contractors, and were subject to unlawful conduct which also constitutes a pattern-or-practice of discrimination. The EEOC’s investigative findings are not binding on Globe Life Inc. The EEOC’s procedures provide for a conciliation process that has concluded without achieving a resolution. The EEOC may elect to file a lawsuit in federal court on behalf of the workers based on the alleged statutory violations. The EEOC has not filed any legal proceedings at this time. In the event the EEOC elects to pursue any claims in court, Globe Life Inc. intends to defend against any such lawsuit vigorously. The outcome of litigation of this type would be inherently uncertain and cannot be reasonably estimated or determined at this time. There is always the possibility that a Court rules in a manner that is adverse to the interests of Globe Life Inc.

Note 6—Policy Liabilities

The liability for future policy benefits is determined based on the net level premium method, which requires the liability be calculated as the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits and the related termination expenses, less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders.

The following tables summarize balances and changes in the net liability for future policy benefits, before reinsurance, for traditional life long-duration contracts for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.

(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period due to death, surrender, and maturity benefit payments based on the revised expected assumptions.

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.

(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period due to death, surrender, and maturity benefit payments based on the expected assumptions.

(1)Other adjustments include the effects of capping and flooring the liability (guidance requires an amount not less than zero at the calculation level of the liability for future policy benefits).

(1)Other adjustments include the effects of flooring the liability (guidance requires an amount not less than zero at the calculation level of the liability for future policy benefits).

The following tables summarize balances and changes in the net liability for future policy benefits for long-duration health contracts for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.

(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period based on the revised expected assumptions.

(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.

(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period based on the expected assumptions.

(1)Other adjustments include the effects of capping and flooring the liability (guidance requires an amount not less than zero at the calculation level of the liability for future policy benefits).

(1)Other adjustments include the effects of flooring the liability (guidance requires an amount not less than zero at the calculation level of the liability for future policy benefits).

Remeasurement Gain or Loss—In accordance with the accounting guidance, the Company reviews, and updates as necessary, its assumptions utilized in the calculation of the liability for future benefits annually in the third quarter and recalculates the net premium ratio. The revised net premium ratio is used to update the liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the current reporting period, and is compared to the liability using the prior cash flow assumptions. The difference is recorded as a component of the remeasurement gain or loss for the current period, along with the effect of the difference between actual and expected experience for the period. The total remeasurement gain or loss is within life and heath policyholder benefits included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following tables include the total remeasurement gain or loss, bifurcated between the gain or loss due to differences between actual and expected experience and the amount due to assumption updates, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The Company performed its annual review of assumptions during the third quarter. The assumption review process of the life and health segments resulted in a $134.3 million net remeasurement gain ($130.9 million and $3.4 million gains related to life and health, respectively) before tax as compared to a $46.3 million net remeasurement gain ($56.8 million gain and $10.5 million loss related to life and health, respectively) before tax in the year-ago quarter. This review process resulted in favorable changes to its mortality and lapse assumptions on life and health. Life assumption changes reflect continued favorable mortality experience along with slightly higher lapse rates which resulted in lower life policy obligations compared to our previous assumptions anticipated. Health assumption changes reflect slightly higher lapse rates and benefit enhancements implemented last year.

Excluding the impact of assumption changes, the Company's results for actual variances from expected experience for both life and health produced a $24.0 million net remeasurement gain ($18.5 million and $5.5 million gains related to life and health, respectively) before tax and a $14.7 million net remeasurement gain ($13.7 million and $1.0 million gains related to life and health, respectively) before tax for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company's results for actual variances from expected experience for both life and health produced a $53.6 million net remeasurement gain before tax and a $38.4 million net remeasurement gain before tax, respectively.

The following table reconciles the liability for future policy benefits to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

(1)Balances are presented net of the effects of capping and flooring the liability (guidance requires an amount not less than zero at the calculation level of the liability for future policy benefits).

The following tables provide the weighted-average original and current discount rates for the liability for future policy benefits and the additional insurance liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table provides the weighted-average durations of the liability for future policy benefits and the additional insurance liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest related to long duration life and health contracts that are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Gross premiums are included within life and health premium on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, while the related interest expense is included in life and health policyholder benefits.

The following tables provide the undiscounted and discounted expected future net premiums, expected future gross premiums, and expected future policy benefits, at both original and current discount rates, for life and health contracts as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

As of September 30, 2025, for the life segment using current discount rates, the Company anticipates $29.7 billion of expected future gross premiums and $11.9 billion of expected future net premiums. As of September 30, 2024, using current discount rates, the Company anticipated $29.8 billion of expected future gross premiums and $12.4 billion in expected future net premiums. The determination of the liability for future policy benefits on the balance sheet does not include the difference between the expected future gross premiums and the expected future net premiums of $17.8 billion and $17.4 billion, as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and rather only includes the expected future net premiums.

As of September 30, 2025, for the health segment using current discount rates, the Company anticipates $14.0 billion of expected future gross premiums and $7.5 billion of expected future net premiums. As of September 30, 2024, using current discount rates, the Company anticipated $12.4 billion of expected future gross premiums and $6.5 billion in expected future net premiums. The determination of the liability for future policy benefits on the balance sheet does not include the difference between the expected future gross premiums and the expected future net premiums of $6.5 billion and $5.9 billion as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and rather only includes the expected future net premiums.

The following table summarizes the balances of, and changes in, policyholders’ account balances as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following tables present the policyholders' account balances by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, if any, in basis points between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Note 7—Deferred Acquisition Costs

The following tables roll forward the deferred policy acquisition costs for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents a reconciliation of deferred policy acquisition costs to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Note 8—Liability for Unpaid Claims

Activity in the liability for unpaid health claims is summarized as follows:

Below is the reconciliation of the liability of "Policy claims and other benefits payable" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Note 9—Postretirement Benefits

Globe Life has qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans (Pension Plans) and contributory savings plans that cover substantially all employees. There is also a nonqualified noncontributory supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) that covers a limited number of officers. The tables included herein will focus on the Pension Plans and SERP.

Pension Assets: The following table presents the assets of the Company's Pension Plans at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Pension Assets by Component at September 30, 2025

(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.

(2)Representing a guaranteed annuity contract issued by Globe Life Inc.'s subsidiary, American Income Life Insurance Company, to fund the obligations of the American Income Life Insurance Company Collective Bargaining Agreement Employees Pension Plan.

(3)Includes non-redeemable investment funds that report the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value (NAV) per share, or its equivalent, as a practical expedient for fair value. As of September 30, 2025, the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owned less than 1% of two long-term investment funds.

(4)A fund including U.S. dollar-denominated investment-grade securities issued by industrial, utility, and financial companies with maturities greater than 10 years.

Pension Assets by Component at December 31, 2024

(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.

(2)Representing a guaranteed annuity contract issued by Globe Life Inc.'s subsidiary, American Income Life Insurance Company, to fund the obligations of the American Income Life Insurance Company Collective Bargaining Agreement Employees Pension Plan.

(3)Includes non-redeemable investment funds that report the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value (NAV) per share, or its equivalent, as a practical expedient for fair value. As of December 31, 2024, the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owned less than 1% of two long-term investment funds.

(4)A fund including U.S. dollar-denominated investment-grade securities issued by industrial, utility, and financial companies with maturities greater than 10 years.

SERP: The following tables include premiums paid for COLI at September 30, 2025 and 2024 and investments of the Rabbi Trust at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Pension Plans and SERP Liabilities: The following table presents liabilities for the defined benefit pension plans and SERP at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Net Periodic Benefit Cost: The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs for the defined benefit pension plans and SERP by expense components for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost

Note 10—Earnings Per Share

Earnings per Share: A reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

Antidilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. All antidilutive shares noted above result from outstanding out-of-the-money employee and Director stock options.

Note 11—Debt

The following table presents information about the terms and outstanding balances of Globe Life's debt.

Selected Information about Debt Issues

(1)An additional $150 million par value and book value is held by insurance subsidiaries that eliminates in consolidation.

(2)Interest calculated quarterly using Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 135 basis points.

(3)Unamortized issuance costs for P-CAPS facility agreement.

The commercial paper has the highest priority of all unsecured debt, followed by senior notes then junior subordinated debentures. The senior notes are callable under a make-whole provision, and the junior subordinated debentures are subject to an optional redemption five years from issuance. Interest on the 4.25% junior subordinated debentures and the term loan are payable quarterly while all other long-term debt is payable semi-annually.

Credit facility: Globe Life has in place a credit facility which provides for a $1 billion revolving credit facility that may be increased to $1.25 billion. The credit facility matures March 29, 2029 and may be extended up totwo one-year periods upon the Company's request. Pursuant to this agreement, the participating lenders have agreed to make revolving loans to Globe Life and to issue secured or unsecured letters of credit. The Company has not drawn on any of the credit to date.

The facility is further designated as a back-up credit line for a commercial paper program under which the Company may either borrow from the credit line or issue commercial paper at any time, with total commercial paper outstanding not to exceed the facility maximum of $1 billion, less any letters of credit issued. Interest is charged at variable rates. In accordance with the agreement, Globe Life is subject to certain covenants regarding capitalization.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company was in full compliance with these covenants.

Pre-capitalized Trust Securities: On July 1, 2025, the Company entered into a 30-year Facility Agreement with a Delaware trust (the "Trust") following the completion of a private placement of Trust securities for $500 million of Pre-Capitalized Trust Securities (the "P-CAPS"), conducted pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Trust invested the proceeds from this offering in a portfolio of U.S. Treasury principal and interest strips ("Treasury securities"). P-CAPS provide the Company with a source of liquidity, the proceeds of which, if drawn, would be used for general corporate purposes.

Under the Facility Agreement, the Company has the right, on one or more occasions, to issue and sell up to $500 million of its 6.580% Senior Notes to the Trust in exchange for a corresponding amount of Treasury securities held by the Trust. In consideration for this right, the Company pays the Trust a semi-annual facility fee at a rate of 1.789% per annum on the unexercised portion of the facility. These fees are recorded in Interest Expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company also reimburses the Trust for its administrative expenses. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had no senior note issuances under the Facility Agreement.

Commercial paper: The following tables present certain information about our commercial paper borrowings.

Credit Facility—Commercial Paper

Credit Facility—Commercial Paper Activity

Federal Home Loan Bank: FHLB membership provides certain of our insurance subsidiaries with access to various low-cost collateralized borrowings and funding agreements. The membership requires ownership of FHLB common stock, as well as the purchase of activity-based common stock equal to approximately 4.1% of outstanding borrowings.

Globe Life owned $33.7 million in FHLB common stock as of September 30, 2025 and $34.5 million as of December 31, 2024. The FHLB stock is restricted from redemption or repurchases for the duration of the membership and recorded at cost (par) as required by applicable guidance. The FHLB stock is included in "Other long-term investments" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Borrowings with the FHLB are subject to the availability of pledged assets at the insurance subsidiaries of Globe Life. As of September 30, 2025, Globe Life's insurance subsidiaries' maximum borrowing capacity under the FHLB facility was approximately $648 million, net of outstanding funding agreements and short-term borrowings, on pledged assets with a fair value of $1.3 billion. As of September 30, 2025, $427 million in funding agreements were outstanding with the FHLB, compared to $372 million as of December 31, 2024. This amount is included in "Other policyholders' funds" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had $65 million and $17 million in short-term borrowings from the FHLB as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 12—Business Segments

Globe Life is organized into three operating segments: life, health, and investments.

Globe Life's reportable insurance segments are based on the insurance product lines it markets and administers: life insurance and supplemental health insurance. There is also an investment segment that manages the investment portfolio and cash flow for the insurance segments. The Company's chief operating decision makers ("CODM"), our Co-CEOs, evaluate the overall performance of the operations of the Company in accordance with these segments.

During the fourth quarter of 2024 weentered into a coinsurance agreement to cede a majority of the annuity business to a third-party insurer. This impacted a significant portion of our annuities which had previously been classified as one of our reportable segments. The annuity segment has historically represented less than 1% ofrevenue and has not been core to the Company's business. We adjusted our segments from four down tothree at December 31, 2024. All quarterly presentations of segment information related to prior year have been recast for the periods presented to reflect this change in segments.

Life insurance products marketed by Globe Life include traditional whole life and term life insurance. Health insurance products are generally guaranteed renewable and include Medicare Supplement, cancer, critical illness, accident, and other limited-benefit supplemental hospital and surgical products.

The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, in 2024 which added disclosure requirements to segment expenses, improving the financial reporting of the entity’s overall performance and assessment of future cash flows. The disclosures required more detailed information related to the entity’s reportable segments and the new disclosures are also required prospectively on a quarterly basis. The prior-year presentation has been recast to reflect the new disclosures in accordance with this adopted accounting standard.

The following tables present segment premium revenue by each of Globe Life's distribution channels.

Due to the nature of the life insurance industry, Globe Life has no individual or group that would be considered a major customer. Substantially all of Globe Life's business is conducted in the United States.

The measure of profitability established by the CODM for the insurance segments is underwriting margin before other income and administrative expenses, in accordance with the manner in which the segments are managed. It essentially represents gross profit margin on insurance products before insurance administrative expenses and consists primarily of premium less net policy benefits, acquisition expenses, and commissions. Required interest on policy liabilities is reflected as a component of the Investment segment (rather than as a component of underwriting margin in the insurance segment) in order to match this cost with the investment income earned on the assets supporting the policy liabilities.

The measure of profitability for the Investment segment is excess investment income, representing the net income earned on the investment portfolio in excess of policy requirements. Other than the required interest on the insurance segments, no other intersegment revenues or expenses are recognized. Expenses directly attributable to corporate operations are included in the “Corporate & Other” category. Stock-based compensation expense is considered a corporate expense by Globe Life management and is included in this category. All other unallocated revenues and expenses on a pretax basis, including insurance administrative expense and interest on debt, are also included in the “Corporate & Other” segment category.

Globe Life holds a sizable investment portfolio to support its insurance liabilities, the yield from which is used to offset policy benefit, acquisition, administrative, and tax expenses. This yield or investment income is taken into account when establishing premium rates and profitability expectations for its insurance products. From time to time, investments are sold or called, or experience a credit loss event, each of which are reflected by the Company as realized gain (loss)—investments. These gains or losses generally occur as a result of disposition due to issuer calls, compliance with Company investment policies, or other reasons often beyond management’s control. Unlike investment income, realized gains and losses are incidental to insurance operations, and only overall yields are considered when setting premium rates or insurance product profitability expectations. While these gains and losses are not relevant to segment profitability or core operating results, they can have a material positive or negative result on net income. For these reasons, management removes realized investment gains and losses when it views its segment operations.

Management also removes non-operating items unrelated to the Company's core insurance activities when evaluating those results. Therefore, these items are excluded in its presentation of segment results because accounting guidance requires that operating segment results be presented as management views its business. All of these items are included in “Other operating expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the appropriate year. See additional detail below in the tables.

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of Globe Life's revenues and operations by segment to its major income statement line items. See Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies for additional information concerning reconciling items of segment profits to pretax income.

(1)Policy obligations are based upon policyholder behavior and impacts related to lapses, mortality, and morbidity. For detailed information, including remeasurement gains and losses, see Note 6—Policy Liabilities.

(1)Policy obligations are based upon policyholder behavior and impacts related to lapses, mortality, and morbidity. For detailed information, including remeasurement gains and losses, see Note 6—Policy Liabilities.

(1)Policy obligations are based upon policyholder behavior and impacts related to lapses, mortality, and morbidity. For detailed information, including remeasurement gains and losses, see Note 6—Policy Liabilities.

(1)Policy obligations are based upon policyholder behavior and impacts related to lapses, mortality, and morbidity. For detailed information, including remeasurement gains and losses, see Note 6—Policy Liabilities.

Assets for each segment are reported based on a specific identification basis. The insurance segments’ assets contain DAC. The investment segment includes the investment portfolio, cash, and accrued investment income. Goodwill is assigned to the insurance segments at the time of purchase. All other assets are included in the annuity and other corporate category. The tables below reconcile segment assets to total assets as reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Assets by Segment