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GLOBE LIFE INC

For the period ended Jun 30, 2024. Filed Aug 7, 2024.

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About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Jun 30, 2024 · Filed Aug 7, 2024

GL$157.18-1.3%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies

Business:(Globe Life), (the Company), refers to Globe Life Inc., an insurance holding company incorporated in Delaware in 1979, and Globe Life Inc. subsidiaries and affiliates. Globe Life Inc.'s direct or indirect primary subsidiaries are Globe Life And Accident Insurance Company, American Income Life Insurance Company, Liberty National Life Insurance Company, Family Heritage Life Insurance Company of America, and United American Insurance Company. The underwriting companies are owned by their ultimate corporate parent, Globe Life Inc. (Parent Company).

Globe Life provides a variety of life and supplemental health insurance products and annuities to a broad base of customers. The Company is organized into four reportable segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments.

Globe Life markets its insurance products through a number of distribution channels, each of which sells the products of one or more of Globe Life's insurance segments. Our distribution channels consist of the following exclusive agencies: American Income Life Division (American Income), Liberty National Division (Liberty National) and Family Heritage Division (Family Heritage); an independent agency, United American Division (United American); and our Direct to Consumer Division (DTC).

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Globe Life have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Therefore, they do not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for annual financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial position at June 30, 2024, and the condensed consolidated results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows for the periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The interim period condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements that are included in the Form 10-Kfiled with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 28, 2024.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See further documentation in the significant accounting policies or the accompanying notes.

Note 2—New Accounting Standards

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year
StandardDescriptionEffective DateEffect on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale RestrictionsASU 2022-03 adds disclosure requirements specific to equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The disclosures clarify the nature of the contractual sale as well as the duration of the restriction and the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction.This standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2024 and interim periods within those fiscal years.The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted
StandardDescriptionEffective DateEffect on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment DisclosuresASU 2023-07 adds disclosure requirements to segment expenses, improving the financial reporting of the entity’s overall performance and assessment of future cash flows. The disclosures will require more detailed information related to the entity’s reportable segments.This standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2024 and for interim periods beginning on January 1, 2025, and will be implemented on a retrospective basis.The Company is evaluating the standard, but does not expect the standard will have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax DisclosuresASU 2023-09 adds disclosure requirements to disaggregated information related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. The disclosures will enhance the assessment of the entity’s operations and related tax risks.This standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2025, and will be implemented on a prospective basis.The Company does not expect the standard will have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 3—Supplemental Information about Changes to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: An analysis of the change in balance by component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income is as follows for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Availablefor SaleAssetsFuture Policy BenefitsForeignExchangePensionAdjustmentsTotal
Balance at April 1, 2024$(1,069,185)$(1,390,759)$(5,232)$(2,060)$(2,467,236)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax(207,874)479,042506—271,674
Reclassifications, net of tax5,846——965,942
Other comprehensive income (loss)(202,028)479,04250696277,616
Balance at June 30, 2024$(1,271,213)$(911,717)$(4,726)$(1,964)$(2,189,620)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Availablefor SaleAssetsFuture Policy BenefitsForeignExchangePensionAdjustmentsTotal
Balance at April 1, 2023$(1,016,764)$(1,938,707)$(6,829)$1,207$(2,961,093)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax(271,681)241,9068,182—(21,593)
Reclassifications, net of tax39,046——(257)38,789
Other comprehensive income (loss)(232,635)241,9068,182(257)17,196
Balance at June 30, 2023$(1,249,399)$(1,696,801)$1,353$950$(2,943,897)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Availablefor SaleAssetsFuture Policy BenefitsForeignExchangePensionAdjustmentsTotal
Balance at January 1, 2024$(827,596)$(1,947,391)$4,719$(2,151)$(2,772,419)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax(447,558)1,035,674(9,445)—578,671
Reclassifications, net of tax3,941——1874,128
Other comprehensive income (loss)(443,617)1,035,674(9,445)187582,799
Balance at June 30, 2024$(1,271,213)$(911,717)$(4,726)$(1,964)$(2,189,620)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Availablefor SaleAssetsFuture Policy BenefitsForeignExchangePensionAdjustmentsTotal
Balance at January 1, 2023$(1,420,672)$(1,369,204)$(1,681)$1,244$(2,790,313)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax106,481(327,597)3,034—(218,082)
Reclassifications, net of tax64,792——(294)64,498
Other comprehensive income (loss)171,273(327,597)3,034(294)(153,584)
Balance at June 30, 2023$(1,249,399)$(1,696,801)$1,353$950$(2,943,897)

Reclassification Adjustments: Reclassification adjustments out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income are presented below for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Three Months EndedJune 30, · Six Months Ended June 30, · Affected line items in the Statements of Operations
Component Line Item · 2024 · 2023 · 2024 · 2023
Unrealized investment (gains) losses on available for sale assets:
Realized (gains) losses$10,217$50,347$9,989$83,471Realized (gains) losses
Amortization of (discount) premium(2,817)(922)(5,001)(1,456)Net investment income
Total before tax7,40049,4254,98882,015
Tax(1,554)(10,379)(1,047)(17,223)Income taxes
Total after-tax5,84639,0463,94164,792
Pension adjustments:
Amortization of prior service cost269269538538Other operating expense
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss(151)(592)(302)(909)Other operating expense
Total before tax118(323)236(371)
Tax(22)66(49)77Income taxes
Total after-tax96(257)187(294)
Total reclassification (after-tax)$5,942$38,789$4,128$64,498

Note 4—Investments

Portfolio Composition: Summaries of fixed maturities available for sale by amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows. Redeemable preferred stock is included within "Corporates, by sector."

At June 30, 2024
AmortizedCostAllowance for Credit LossesGrossUnrealizedGainsGrossUnrealizedLossesFair Value(1)% of TotalFixedMaturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises$403,341$—$3$(41,886)$361,4582
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions3,255,829—27,781(473,356)2,810,25416
Foreign governments40,485——(10,537)29,948—
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials8,227,970(7,132)117,908(780,811)7,557,93543
Financial5,051,320—72,372(439,205)4,684,48726
Utilities2,133,247—40,493(124,426)2,049,31412
Total corporates15,412,537(7,132)230,773(1,344,442)14,291,73681
Collateralized debt obligations36,945—5,779—42,724—
Other asset-backed securities80,136—1(3,249)76,8881
Total fixed maturities$19,229,273$(7,132)$264,337$(1,873,470)$17,613,008100

(1)Amount reported in the balance sheet.

(2)At fair value.

At December 31, 2023
AmortizedCostAllowance for Credit LossesGrossUnrealizedGainsGrossUnrealizedLossesFair Value(1)% of TotalFixedMaturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises$398,450$—$7$(32,306)$366,1512
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions3,296,305—47,346(403,329)2,940,32216
Foreign governments44,453—1(10,348)34,106—
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials8,016,126(7,115)213,078(566,847)7,655,24243
Financial5,028,151—112,368(388,340)4,752,17927
Utilities2,017,967—73,925(94,130)1,997,76211
Total corporates15,062,244(7,115)399,371(1,049,317)14,405,18381
Collateralized debt obligations37,110—5,036—42,146—
Other asset-backed securities86,352—3(4,057)82,2981
Total fixed maturities$18,924,914$(7,115)$451,764$(1,499,357)$17,870,206100

(1)Amount reported in the balance sheet.

(2)At fair value.

The Company has exposure to real estate investment trusts with an average rating of BBB+, which had a fair value of $411 million (2% of the total fixed maturity portfolio) and $425 million (2% of the total fixed maturity portfolio) at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at June 30, 2024, is shown below on an amortized cost basis, net of allowance for credit losses, and on a fair value basis. Actual disposition dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions.

At June 30, 2024
AmortizedCost, netFairValue
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Due in one year or less$129,415$128,402
Due after one year through five years734,757738,610
Due after five years through ten years1,794,7421,791,972
Due after ten years through twenty years8,908,7778,365,383
Due after twenty years7,537,3356,468,995
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities117,115119,646
$19,222,141$17,613,008

Analysis of Investment Operations: "Net investment income" for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

Three Months EndedJune 30, · Six Months EndedJune 30,
2024 · 2023 · % Change · 2024 · 2023 · % Change
Fixed maturities available for sale$247,215$234,1876$493,313$466,4866
Policy loans13,08412,234725,90023,9898
Mortgage loans6,9094,5535213,6698,55660
Other long-term investments(1)18,95312,3835338,61624,12360
Short-term investments3,6251,8205,3133,415
289,786265,1779576,811526,56910
Less investment expense(4,150)(3,933)6(8,597)(8,220)5
Net investment income$285,636$261,2449$568,214$518,34910

(1)For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $18.1 million and $12.0 million, respectively, in net investment income. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $37.0 million and $23.3 million, respectively, in net investment income. Refer to Other Long-Term Investments below for further discussion on the investment funds.

Selected information about sales of fixed maturities available for sale is as follows:

Three Months EndedJune 30,Six Months EndedJune 30,
2024202320242023
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Proceeds from sales(1)$483,051$130,119$510,904$145,824
Gross realized gains3,869474,04447
Gross realized losses(13,933)(10,503)(13,968)(10,861)

(1)There were no unsettled sales in the periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

An analysis of "Realized gains (losses)" is as follows:

Three Months EndedJune 30,Six Months EndedJune 30,
2024202320242023
Realized investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Sales and other(1)$(10,113)$(10,606)$(9,973)$(10,963)
Provision for credit losses(104)(39,741)(16)(72,508)
Fair value option—change in fair value(3,691)5,228(19,094)7,086
Mortgage loans(1,280)(3,579)(2,154)(4,859)
Other investments837(164)1,151(378)
Realized gains (losses) from investments(14,351)(48,862)(30,086)(81,622)
Other gains (losses)1,7623,0195,6984,852
Total realized gains (losses)(12,589)(45,843)(24,388)(76,770)
Applicable tax2,6449,6275,12216,122
Realized gains (losses), net of tax$(9,945)$(36,216)$(19,266)$(60,648)

(1)During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $12.0 million and $17.9 million of issuer-initiated exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted inno realized gains (losses) in either period. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $78.9 million and $17.9 million of issuer-initiated exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in no realized gains (losses) in either period.

Fair Value Measurements: The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2024:
Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets (Level 1)Significant OtherObservableInputs (Level 2)SignificantUnobservableInputs (Level 3)Total FairValue
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises$—$361,458$—$361,458
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions—2,810,254—2,810,254
Foreign governments—29,948—29,948
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials—7,361,270196,6657,557,935
Financial—4,554,292130,1954,684,487
Utilities—1,938,143111,1712,049,314
Total corporates—13,853,705438,03114,291,736
Collateralized debt obligations——42,72442,724
Other asset-backed securities—76,888—76,888
Total fixed maturities$—$17,132,253$480,755$17,613,008
Percentage of total—%97%3%100%
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2023:
Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets (Level 1)Significant OtherObservableInputs (Level 2)SignificantUnobservableInputs (Level 3)Total FairValue
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises$—$366,151$—$366,151
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions—2,940,322—2,940,322
Foreign governments—34,106—34,106
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials—7,440,493214,7497,655,242
Financial—4,621,160131,0194,752,179
Utilities—1,888,797108,9651,997,762
Total corporates—13,950,450454,73314,405,183
Collateralized debt obligations——42,14642,146
Other asset-backed securities—82,298—82,298
Total fixed maturities$—$17,373,327$496,879$17,870,206
Percentage of total—%97%3%100%

The following tables represent changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset-backed SecuritiesCollateralizedDebtObligationsCorporatesTotal
Balance at January 1, 2024$—$42,146$454,733$496,879
Included in realized gains / losses————
Included in other comprehensive income—742(9,905)(9,163)
Acquisitions——14,80014,800
Sales————
Amortization—2,277(33)2,244
Other(1)—(2,441)(21,564)(24,005)
Transfers into Level 3(2)————
Transfers out of Level 3(2)————
Balance at June 30, 2024$—$42,724$438,031$480,755
Percent of total fixed maturities—%—%3%3%

(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.

(2)Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available.

Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset-backed SecuritiesCollateralizedDebtObligationsCorporatesTotal
Balance at January 1, 2023$—$50,364$478,083$528,447
Included in realized gains / losses————
Included in other comprehensive income—(8,042)(1,963)(10,005)
Acquisitions————
Sales————
Amortization—2,28832,291
Other(1)—(2,305)(14,619)(16,924)
Transfers into Level 3(2)————
Transfers out of Level 3(2)————
Balance at June 30, 2023$—$42,305$461,504$503,809
Percent of total fixed maturities—%—%3%3%

(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.

(2)Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available.

The following table presents changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in accumulated other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period for Level 3 classification:

Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income for Assets Held at the End of the Period
Asset-backed SecuritiesCollateralizedDebtObligationsCorporatesTotal
At June 30, 2024$—$742$(9,905)$(9,163)
At June 30, 2023—(8,042)(1,963)(10,005)

Unrealized Loss Analysis: The following table discloses information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position.

Less than Twelve MonthsTwelve Months or LongerTotal
Number of issues (CUSIPs) held:
As of June 30, 20244821,6762,158
As of December 31, 20231511,6141,765

Globe Life's entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 2,552 issues by 981 different issuers at June 30, 2024 and 2,473 issues by 980 different issuers at December 31, 2023. The increase in the number of securities in an unrealized loss position during the period ended June 30, 2024 is due to the increase in interest rates. The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was A- as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following tables disclose unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of fixed maturities available for sale at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses

At June 30, 2024
Less than Twelve MonthsTwelve Months or LongerTotal
FairValueUnrealizedLossFairValueUnrealizedLossFairValueUnrealizedLoss
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Investment grade securities:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises$2,304$(110)$358,980$(41,776)$361,284$(41,886)
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions518,622(13,082)1,786,640(460,274)2,305,262(473,356)
Foreign governments1,465(2)28,483(10,535)29,948(10,537)
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials930,937(38,817)4,175,164(708,164)5,106,101(746,981)
Financial617,484(11,013)2,230,054(386,505)2,847,538(397,518)
Utilities456,346(8,729)718,695(114,197)1,175,041(122,926)
Total corporates2,004,767(58,559)7,123,913(1,208,866)9,128,680(1,267,425)
Collateralized debt obligations——————
Other asset-backed securities——70,874(3,232)70,874(3,232)
Total investment grade securities2,527,158(71,753)9,368,890(1,724,683)11,896,048(1,796,436)
Below investment grade securities:
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials55,327(953)142,449(32,877)197,776(33,830)
Financial8,909(1,196)192,106(40,491)201,015(41,687)
Utilities8,916(14)18,892(1,486)27,808(1,500)
Total corporates73,152(2,163)353,447(74,854)426,599(77,017)
Collateralized debt obligations——————
Other asset-backed securities——5,972(17)5,972(17)
Total below investment grade securities73,152(2,163)359,419(74,871)432,571(77,034)
Total fixed maturities$2,600,310$(73,916)$9,728,309$(1,799,554)$12,328,619$(1,873,470)

Gross unrealized losses may fluctuate quarter over quarter due to factors in the market that affect our holdings, such as changes in interest rates or credit spreads. The Company considers many factors when determining whether an allowance for a credit loss should be recorded. While the Company holds securities that may be in an unrealized loss position from time to time, Globe Life does not generally intend to sell and it is unlikely that the Company will be required to sell the fixed maturities prior to their anticipated recovery or maturity due to the strong cash flows generated by its insurance operations.

Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses

At December 31, 2023
Less than Twelve MonthsTwelve Months or LongerTotal
FairValueUnrealizedLossFairValueUnrealizedLossFairValueUnrealizedLoss
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Investment grade securities:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises$—$—$364,006$(32,306)$364,006$(32,306)
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions252,800(3,520)1,610,163(399,809)1,862,963(403,329)
Foreign governments——32,591(10,348)32,591(10,348)
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials191,573(3,881)4,317,827(530,011)4,509,400(533,892)
Financial242,099(6,584)2,341,424(339,628)2,583,523(346,212)
Utilities81,194(648)686,043(91,959)767,237(92,607)
Total corporates514,866(11,113)7,345,294(961,598)7,860,160(972,711)
Collateralized debt obligations——————
Other asset-backed securities——70,956(3,648)70,956(3,648)
Total investment grade securities767,666(14,633)9,423,010(1,407,709)10,190,676(1,422,342)
Below investment grade securities:
Corporates, by sector:
Industrials10,745(199)145,697(32,756)156,442(32,955)
Financial25,563(2,602)151,190(39,526)176,753(42,128)
Utilities——19,654(1,523)19,654(1,523)
Total corporates36,308(2,801)316,541(73,805)352,849(76,606)
Collateralized debt obligations——————
Other asset-backed securities——11,288(409)11,288(409)
Total below investment grade securities36,308(2,801)327,829(74,214)364,137(77,015)
Total fixed maturities$803,974$(17,434)$9,750,839$(1,481,923)$10,554,813$(1,499,357)

Fixed Maturities, Allowance for Credit Losses: A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows.

Three Months EndedJune 30,Six Months EndedJune 30,
2024202320242023
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance$7,027$32,767$7,115$—
Additions to allowance for which credit losses were not previously recorded—38,228—72,508
Additions (reductions) to allowance for fixed maturities that previously had an allowance1051,51317—
Reduction of allowance for which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell or sold during the period————
Allowance for credit losses ending balance$7,132$72,508$7,132$72,508

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any fixed maturities in non-accrual status.

Mortgage Loans (commercial mortgage loans): Summaries of commercial mortgage loans by property type and geographical location at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Carrying Value% of TotalCarrying Value% of Total
Property type:
Multi-family$117,50834$116,29942
Industrial95,4962857,26720
Retail47,8531423,9259
Hospitality43,6511343,89716
Mixed use38,3171134,74912
Office6,49326,7342
Total recorded investment349,318102282,871101
Less allowance for credit losses(5,826)(2)(3,672)(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses$343,492100$279,199100
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Carrying Value% of TotalCarrying Value% of Total
Geographic location:
Texas$71,65921$45,11116
Florida71,1302148,23317
New Jersey44,6111344,57416
California40,2101254,72120
New York35,8151020,2847
North Carolina21,6146——
Other64,2791969,94825
Total recorded investment349,318102282,871101
Less allowance for credit losses(5,826)(2)(3,672)(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses$343,492100$279,199100

The following tables are reflective of the key factors, debt service coverage ratios, and loan-to-value (LTV) ratios that are utilized by management to monitor the performance of the portfolios. The Company only makes new investments in commercial mortgage loans that have a LTV ratio less than 80%. LTV's that exceed 80% are generally as a result of decreases in the valuation of the underlying property. Generally, a higher LTV ratio and a lower debt service coverage ratio equates to higher risk of loss.

June 30, 2024
Recorded Investment
Debt Service Coverage Ratios(1)
<1.00x1.00x—1.20x>1.20xTotal% of Gross Total
Loan-to-value ratio(2):
Less than 70%$18,392$153,759$160,495$332,64695
70% to 80%—————
81% to 90%9,637——9,6373
Greater than 90%7,035——7,0352
Total$35,064$153,759$160,495349,318100
Less allowance for credit losses(5,826)
Total, net of allowance for credit losses$343,492

(1)Annual net operating income divided by annual mortgage debt service (principal and interest).

(2)Loan balance divided by stabilized appraised value at origination, including planned renovations and stabilized occupancy. Updated internal valuations are used when a loan is materially underperforming.

December 31, 2023
Recorded Investment
Debt Service Coverage Ratios(1)
<1.00x1.00x—1.20x>1.20xTotal% of Gross Total
Loan-to-value ratio(2):
Less than 70%$27,091$180,761$58,364$266,21694
70% to 80%—————
81% to 90%8,468—1,1539,6213
Greater than 90%7,034——7,0343
Total$42,593$180,761$59,517282,871100
Less allowance for credit losses(3,672)
Total, net of allowance for credit losses$279,199

(1)Annual net operating income divided by annual mortgage debt service (principal and interest).

(2)Loan balance divided by stabilized appraised value at origination, including planned renovations and stabilized occupancy. Updated internal valuations are used when a loan is materially underperforming.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company evaluated the commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a pool basis to determine the allowance for credit losses. At the end of the period, the Company had 33 loans in the portfolio. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the allowance for credit losses increased by $2.2 million to $5.8 million. The provision for credit losses is included in "Realized gains (losses)" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Three Months EndedJune 30,Six Months EndedJune 30,
2024202320242023
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance$4,546$3,069$3,672$1,789
Provision (reversal) for credit losses1,280(141)2,1541,139
Allowance for credit losses ending balance$5,826$2,928$5,826$2,928

There wasone delinquent commercial mortgage loan, with an outstanding par value of $1.2 million and outstanding interest due of $63 thousand, as of June 30, 2024. The underlying collateral for this loan is in the process of being sold and the Company expects to recover all interest and principal due as of June 30, 2024. There were no delinquent commercial mortgage loans as of December 31, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, the Company hadtwo commercial mortgage loans in non-accrual status with a principal balance of $7.9 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company hadno commercial mortgage loans in non-accrual status. The Company's unfunded commitment balance to commercial loan borrowers was $30 million as of June 30, 2024.

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