CAVCO INDUSTRIES INC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation. These Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Cavco Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, "we," "us," "our," the "Company" or "Cavco"). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period classification. We have evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date of March 30, 2024, through the date of the filing of this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and there were no disclosable subsequent events. In addition, references throughout to numbered "Notes" refer to these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, unless otherwise stated.

Nature of Operations. Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, we design and produce factory-built housing products primarily distributed through a network of independent distributors located throughout the continental United States and Canada, as well as through Company-owned retail stores which offer our homes to retail customers. Our financial services segment is comprised of: a mortgage subsidiary, CountryPlace Acceptance Corp. ("CountryPlace"), which is an approved Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") seller/servicer and a Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae" or "GNMA") mortgage-backed securities issuer that offers conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and home-only loans to purchasers of factory-built homes; and an insurance subsidiary, Standard Casualty Co. ("Standard Casualty"), which provides property and casualty insurance primarily to owners of manufactured homes.

Fiscal Year. The Company operates on a 52-53 week fiscal year endingon the Saturday nearest to March 31 st of each year. Each fiscal quarter consists of 13 weeks, with an occasional fourth quarter extending to 14 weeks, if necessary, for the fiscal year to end on the Saturday nearest to March 31 st. The current fiscal year ended on March 30, 2024. Fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 each consisted of 52 weeks.

Accounting Estimates. Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Due to uncertainties, actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Factory-Built Housing Revenue Recognition - Wholesale. Revenue from homes sold to independent distributors, builders, communities and developers is generally recognized when the home is shipped, at which time title passes and it is probable that substantially all of the consideration will be received. Homes sold to independent distributors are generally either paid upon shipment or floor plan financed by the independent distributor through standard industry financing arrangements, which can include repurchase agreements. Manufacturing sales financed under floor plan arrangements that include repurchase agreements are reduced by a reserve for repurchase commitments (see Note 17).

Some of our independent distributors operate multiple sales outlets. No independent distributor accounted for 10% or more of factory-built housing revenue during any fiscal year within the three-year period ended March 30, 2024.

Factory-Built Housing Revenue Recognition - Retail. Sales by Company-owned retail stores are generally recognized when the customer has entered into a legally binding sales contract, the home is delivered and permanently located at the customer's site, the home is accepted by the customer, title has transferred and collectibility is probable.

Financial Services Revenue Recognition. Premium amounts collected on policies issued and assumed by Standard Casualty are amortized on a straight-line basis into Net revenue over the life of the policy. Premiums earned are net of reinsurance ceded. Policy acquisition costs are also amortized in Cost of sales over the life of the policy. Insurance agency commissions received from third-party insurance companies are recognized as revenue upon execution of the insurance policy as we have no future or ongoing obligation with respect to such policies.

Interest income on consumer loans receivables is recognized in Net revenue. Upon acquisition of previously securitized loan portfolios (the "Acquisition Date"), we evaluated the existing consumer loans receivable held for investment to determine whether there was evidence of deterioration of credit quality and the probability that we would be able to collect all amounts due according to the loans' contractual terms. We also considered expected prepayments and estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted principal, interest and other cash flows. We determined the excess of the loan pool's scheduled contractual principal and interest payments over the undiscounted expected cash flows as of the Acquisition Date as an amount that is not accreted into interest income (the non-accretable difference). The cash flow expected to be collected in excess of the carrying value of the acquired loans was accreted into Interest income over the remaining life of the loans (referred to as accretable yield). For loans originated and held for sale, loan origination fees and gains or losses on sales are recognized in Net revenue upon title transfer of the loans. We provide third-party servicing of mortgages and earn servicing fees each month based on the aggregate outstanding balances. Servicing fees are recognized in Net revenue when earned.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Highly liquid investments with insignificant interest rate risk and original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are classified as cash equivalents. Our cash equivalents are primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury and other money market funds and other depository accounts, some of which are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. We have not experienced any losses on such excesses.

Restricted Cash. Restricted cash primarily represents cash related to CountryPlace customer payments to be remitted to third parties and deposits received from retail customers required to be held in trust accounts. These funds cannot be accessed for general operating purposes (see Note 3).

Accounts Receivable. We extend credit terms on a customer-by-customer basis in the normal course of business, subject to normal industry risk, with many requiring a cash deposit with a sales order or payment upon delivery of a home. We review accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from customers' inability to pay. As of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, there wereno allowances for doubtful accounts.

Investments. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investment securities at the time of purchase. Our investments include marketable debt and equity securities and non-marketable equity investments. Changes in unrealized net holding gains and losses on marketable equity securities are reported in earnings. Unrealized net holding gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses from the sale of securities are determined using the specific identification method (see Note 4). As of March 30, 2024, we have determined that all losses on available-for-sale debt securities were from market factors, and therefore we hadno valuation allowance on such investments.

Consumer Loans Receivable. Consumer loans receivable consist primarily of manufactured housing loans originated by CountryPlace (held for investment or held for sale) and construction advances on mortgages.

Loans held for investment consist of loan contracts collateralized by the borrowers' homes and, in some instances, related land. Construction loans in progress are stated at the aggregate amount of cumulative funded advances. Loans held for sale are loans that, at the time of origination, are originated with the intent to resell to investors with which the Company has pre-existing purchase agreements, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, or to sell as part of a Ginnie Mae insured pool of loans and consist of loan contracts collateralized by single-family residential mortgages. Loans held for sale are stated at the lower of amortized cost or fair value on an aggregate basis.

Combined land and home mortgages are further disaggregated by the type of loan documentation: those conforming to the requirements of Government-Sponsored Enterprises ("GSEs") and those that are non-conforming. In most instances, our mortgages are secured by a first-lien position and are provided to consumers for the purchase of a home. Consumer loans held for investment include home-only personal property loans originated under our home-only lending programs. Accordingly, we classify our loans receivable as follows: conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and home-only loans.

In measuring credit quality within each segment and class, we use commercially available credit scores (such as FICO®). At the time of each loan's origination, we obtain credit scores from each of the three primary credit bureaus, if available. To evaluate credit quality of individual loans, we use the mid-point of the available credit scores or, if only two scores are available, we use the lower of the two. We do not update credit bureau scores after the time of origination.

Commercial Loans Receivable. Our commercial loans receivable balance consists of amounts loaned under commercial loan programs for the benefit of our independent distributors and community operators' home purchasing needs. Under the terms of certain programs, we have entered into direct commercial loan arrangements with independent distributors and community operators wherein we provide funds to purchase home inventory or homes for placement in communities. Interest income on commercial loans receivable is recognized in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income on an accrual basis.

Allowance for Loan Losses. Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13") requires a forward-looking impairment model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. As of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, we had an allowance for loan losses of $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively, on our consumer loans receivable (see Note 6).

To determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan loss on our commercial loans receivable, we collectively evaluate loans based on their terms and duration. We have historically been able to resell repossessed homes, thereby mitigating loss exposure. However, if a default occurs and collateral is lost, we are exposed to loss of the full value of the home loan. If we determine that it is probable that a borrower will default, a specific reserve is determined and recorded within the estimated allowance for loan losses. We recorded allowance for loan losses of $0.8 million and $1.6 million at March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, respectively, related to commercial loans receivable (see Note 7).

Inventories. Raw material inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first in, first out method. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the specific identification method.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net. Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset. Estimated useful lives for significant classes of assets are as follows: buildings and improvements,10 to 39 years; and machinery and equipment,3 to 25 years. Repairs and maintenance charges are expensed as incurred. We sell miscellaneous property, plant and equipment in the normal course of business.

Asset Impairment. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used and held for sale for impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset group. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are primarily determined based on independent appraisals and preliminary or definitive contractual arrangements less costs to dispose. There wereno impairment losses recognized in fiscal years 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Business Combinations. We account for business combinations in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations, using the acquisition method of accounting, which allocates the fair value of the purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. In the fair value evaluation of intangible assets acquired, there are significant estimates and assumptions, including forecasts of future cash flows, pre-tax income and revenue growth rates, as well as the selection of the royalty rates and discount rates. The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill.

Goodwill and Other Intangibles, Net. We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. As such, we test goodwill at least annually for impairment. The Company hastwo reporting segments: factory-built housing and financial services. As of March 30, 2024, all of our goodwill is attributable to the factory-built housing reporting segment. Certain intangibles are considered indefinite-lived and others are finite-lived and are amortized over their useful lives. Finite-lived intangibles are generally amortized over 3 to 15 years on a straight-line basis and are reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment first by making a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, performing a quantitative assessment and recording an impairment charge if the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount.

We performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis as of March 30, 2024, and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the factory-built housing reporting segment exceeded its respective carrying value. There wasno impairment recognized during fiscal years 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Warranties. We provide retail home buyers, builders or developers with aone year warranty for manufacturing defects from the date of sale to the retail customer. Nonstructural components of a cosmetic nature are warranted for 120 days, except in specific cases where state laws require longer warranty terms. Estimated warranty costs are accrued in Cost of sales at the time of sale. The warranty provision and reserves are based on estimates of the amounts necessary to settle existing and future claims on homes sold as of the balance sheet date. Factors used to calculate the warranty obligation are the estimated amount of homes still under warranty, including homes in distributor inventories, homes purchased by consumers within theone year warranty period, the timing in which work orders are completed and the historical average costs incurred to service a home.

Volume Rebates. Certain distributors, builders and developers can qualify for cash rebates generally based on the level of sales attained during a twelve-month period on specified products. Estimates of volume rebates are accrued at the time of sale and are recorded as a reduction of Net revenue.

Freight. Substantially all freight costs are recovered from our distributors and are included in Net revenue. Freight charges of $50.9 million, $61.5 million and $41.5 million were recognized in fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Reserve for Repurchase Commitment. We are contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with the financial institutions that provide inventory financing to certain distributors of our products. These arrangements, which are customary in the industry, provide the lender a guarantee that we will repurchase our products in the event of default by the distributor. Our obligation under these repurchase agreements ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The risk of loss under these agreements is spread over numerous distributors and the repurchase price generally declines over the period of the agreement (generally 18 to 24 months), further reduced by the resale value of repurchased homes. We apply FASB ASC 460, Guarantees ("ASC 460") to account for our liability for repurchase commitments. Following the inception of the commitment, the recorded reserve is reduced over the repurchase period in conjunction with applicable curtailment arrangements and is eliminated once the distributor sells the home. Changes in the reserve are recorded as an adjustment to Net revenue. See Note 17 for further discussion.

Reserve for Property Casualty Insurance Claims and Claims Expense. Standard Casualty establishes reserves for claims and claims expense on reported and unreported claims of insured losses. Our reserve process takes into account known facts and interpretations of circumstances and factors, including experience with similar cases, actual claims paid, historical trends involving claim payment patterns and pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs, product mix, contractual terms, changes in law and regulation, judicial decisions and economic conditions. In the normal course of business, we may also supplement our claims processes by utilizing third party adjusters, appraisers, engineers, inspectors and other professionals and information sources to assess and settle catastrophe and non-catastrophe related claims. The effects of inflation are implicitly considered in the reserving process. The applicable reserve balance was $10.5 million and $10.9 million as of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, respectively, of which $5.2 million and $4.4 million related to incurred but not reported ("IBNR") losses, respectively.

Insurance. We are self-insured for a significant portion of our general and products liability, auto liability, health, property and workers' compensation liability coverage. Insurance is maintained for catastrophic exposures and those risks required to be insured by law. Estimated self-insurance costs are accrued for incurred claims and estimated IBNR losses. A reserve for products liability is actuarially determined and reflected in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The determination of claims and expenses and the appropriateness of the related liabilities are regularly reviewed and updated.

Advertising. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $3.6 million in fiscal year 2024, $2.0 million in fiscal year 2023 and $1.4 million in fiscal year 2022.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, investments, consumer loans receivable, commercial loans receivable, accounts payable, certain accrued expenses and other current liabilities and secured credit facilities and other financings.

In accordance with FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"), fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because their maturity is less than three months. The carrying amounts of restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of the amounts. See Note 20 for the fair values of our other financial instruments and the inputs used.

Foreign Currency. We have certain assets and liabilities in Ojinaga, Mexico related to a production facility that imports raw materials and exports finished homes to our retail lots located in the United States. The monetary assets and liabilities of this production facility are remeasured at each balance sheet date at the current exchange rate. Monetary assets and liabilities and related revenues and expenses are remeasured monthly using the average rates for the fiscal month. Remeasurement adjustments are recorded in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Income Taxes. We account for income taxes pursuant to FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740") and provide for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes generally represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases of the Company's assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted.

The calculation of tax liabilities involves considering uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period of derecognition. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result. We use a two-step approach to evaluate uncertain tax positions. This approach involves recognizing any tax positions that are more likely than not to occur and then measuring those positions to determine the amounts to be recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Income. Interest income consists of the interest earned on invested cash as well as interest earned from our commercial loan programs, recorded on an accrual basis.

Other Income, net. Other income primarily consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses on corporate investments, gains and losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment or assets held for sale and impairment of such assets, if necessary.

Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation is measured based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant and the corresponding expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock-based compensation expense is classified in the same line item of our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as other payroll-related expenses specific to the employee. Compensation expense related to service-based restricted stock units ("RSUs") is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Compensation expense related to performance-based RSUs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in-substance, multiple awards (i.e., a graded vesting basis).

We use historical data to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and record stock-based compensation cost, using the straight-line attribution method, only for those awards that are expected to vest. Compensation expense related to performance-based awards is based on management's estimate of the probability of the performance criteria being satisfied, adjusted at each balance sheet date (see Note 18).

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest. In fiscal year 2017, we purchased a 50% ownership interest in Craftsman Homes, LLC and Craftsman Homes Development, LLC (collectively "Craftsman" or the "Entities") with an additional 20% acquired during fiscal year 2022. This additional purchase gave us a controlling interest, resulting in consolidation of the Entities and the recognition of a noncontrolling interest for the remaining third party ownership. Adjustments in the redemption value of the noncontrolling interest were recorded to Interest expense

We were contractually obligated to purchase an additional 20% of Craftsman on December 31, 2023. The estimated purchase price was recorded in Other liabilities. The remaining 10% was classified as a temporary equity mezzanine item between liabilities and stockholders' equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Redeemable noncontrolling interest. The amount of income attributable to this Redeemable noncontrolling interest is included on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

During fiscal year 2024, we executed amendments to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement to acquire the entire remaining 30% for cash on January 1, 2024. Upon execution of the amendments, the remaining 30% became mandatorily redeemable, and the value attributed to the Redeemable noncontrolling interest was reclassed to Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the estimated redemption value. On January 1, 2024 we acquired the remaining 30% interest.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). AOCI is comprised of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities (see Note 4) and is presented net of tax. Accumulated unrealized loss on available-for-sale debt securities at the end of fiscal year 2024 was $0.4 million before tax, with an associated tax amount of $0.1 million, resulting in a net unrealized loss of $0.3 million. Accumulated unrealized loss on available-for-sale debt securities at the end of fiscal year 2023 was $0.8 million, with an associated tax amount of $0.2 million, for a net unrealized loss of $0.6 million.

Treasury Stock. We record repurchases of our common stock as treasury stock at cost. As we do not have a formal retirement plan for the shares acquired, and the ultimate disposition has not yet been decided, we show the cost of the acquired stock separately as a deduction from equity. Beginning January 1, 2023, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 imposed a 1% excise tax on the aggregate fair market value of stock repurchased by certain corporations during the taxable year, subject to adjustments. We have calculated the excise tax on purchases from the effective date through March 30, 2024, and this amount is recorded as an increase in our Treasury Stock.

Net Income Per Share. Basic earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed based on the combination of dilutive common share equivalents, comprised of shares issuable under the Company's stock-based compensation plans and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Dilutive common share equivalents include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options to purchase shares, which is calculated based on the average share price for each period using the treasury stock method (see Note 19).

Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements. From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB and other regulatory bodies that are adopted as of the specified effective dates. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenues are recognized when a good or service is transferred to a customer. A good or service is transferred when, or as, the customer obtains control of that good or service. Revenues are based on the consideration expected to be received in connection with our promises to deliver goods and services to the customers.

Site Improvements on Retail Sales. We recognize sales of subcontracted ancillary services, such as preparation of the home site or other exterior enhancements. Such services are provided as a convenience to the customer. As we are involved in the selection of subcontractors and ultimately responsible for execution of these services, under FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we recognize the sale of these ancillary services on a gross basis. The revenues associated with these programs for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $57.6 million, $53.3 million and $43.9 million, respectively.

Additional Items. Expected consideration, and therefore revenue, reflects reductions for returns, allowances and other incentives, some of which may be contingent on future events. Additionally, our volume rebates are accrued at the time of sale and are recorded as a reduction of Net revenue.

In customer contracts for retail sales of manufactured homes, consideration includes certain state and local excise taxes billed to customers when those taxes are levied directly upon us by the taxing authorities. Expected consideration excludes sales and other taxes collected on behalf of taxing authorities. We elect to treat consideration for freight performed as a fulfillment activity. Therefore, Net revenue includes consideration for freight and other fulfillment activities performed prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions. We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would be one-year or less. These costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses. In addition, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an expected length of one-year or less.

Disaggregation of Revenue. The following table summarizes Net revenue disaggregated by reportable segment and source (in thousands). All revenue from customers is recognized at a point in time, either when the customer takes delivery or when a third-party insurance contract is executed, as more fully discussed above.

3. Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consisted of the following (in thousands):

Corresponding amounts for customer payments to be remitted to third parties are recorded in Accounts payable.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the combined amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):

4. Investments

Investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

Investments in marketable equity securities consist of investments in the common stock of industrial and other companies.

Our non-marketable equity investments include investments in community-based initiatives that buy and sell our homes and provide home-only financing to residents of certain manufactured home communities and other distribution operations.

We record investments in fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale at fair value and record the difference between fair value and cost in AOCI.

The amortized cost and fair value of our investments in available-for-sale debt securities, by security type are shown in the table below (in thousands):

The following tables show gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

We are not aware of any changes to the securities or issuers that would indicate the losses above are indicative of credit impairment as of March 30, 2024. Further, we do not intend to, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to, sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

The amortized cost and fair value of our investments in available-for-sale debt securities, by contractual maturity, are shown in the table below (in thousands). Expected maturities differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties.

We recognize investment gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities when we sell or otherwise dispose of securities using the specific identification method. There wereno gross gains realized on the sale of available-for-sale debt securities in either fiscal year 2024 or 2023 and an insignificant amount of gross gains was realized in fiscal year 2022. There wereno gross losses realized on the sale of available-for-sale debt securities in fiscal years 2024, 2023 or 2022.

We recognize unrealized gains and losses on marketable equity securities from changes in market prices during the period as a component of earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. See Note 1 for further discussion. Net investment gains and losses on marketable equity securities for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

5. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

6. Consumer Loans Receivable

The following table summarizes consumer loans receivable (in thousands):

The allowance for loan losses reflects our judgment of the probable loss exposure on loans held for investment. The following table represents changes in the estimated allowance for loan losses, including related additions and deductions to the allowance for loan losses (in thousands):

The consumer loans held for investment had the following characteristics:

The following table is a consolidated summary of the delinquency status of the outstanding amortized cost of consumer loans receivable (in thousands):

The following table disaggregates gross consumer loans receivable by credit quality indicator at loan inception and fiscal year of origination (in thousands):

Loan contracts secured by geographically concentrated collateral could experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and foreclosure losses than loan contracts secured by collateral that is more geographically dispersed. As of March 30, 2024,46% of the outstanding principal balance of the consumer loans receivable portfolio was concentrated in Texas and 10% was concentrated in Florida. As of April 1, 2023,44% of the outstanding principal balance of the consumer loans receivable portfolio was concentrated in Texas and 13% was concentrated in Florida. Other than Texas and Florida, no state had concentrations in excess of 10% of the principal balance of consumer loans receivable as of March 30, 2024 or April 1, 2023.

Collateral for repossessed loans is acquired through foreclosure or similar proceedings and is recorded at the estimated fair value of the home less the estimated costs to sell. At repossession, the fair value of the collateral is determined based on the historical recovery rates of previously charged-off loans; the loan is charged off and the loss is recorded to the allowance for loan losses. On a monthly basis, the fair value of the collateral is adjusted to the lower of the amount recorded at repossession or the estimated sales price less estimated costs to sell, based on current information. Repossessed homes totaled approximately $0.7 million as of March 30, 2024 and $1.1 million as of April 1, 2023, and are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Foreclosure or similar proceedings in progress totaled approximately$0.4 million and$0.5 million as of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, respectively.

7. Commercial Loans Receivable

The commercial loans receivable balance consists of direct financing arrangements for the home product needs of our independent distributors, community owners and developers. We also provide loans to independent floor plan lenders that then lend to distributors to finance their inventory purchases. The notes are secured by the homes as collateral and, in some instances, other security. Other terms of direct arrangements vary, depending on the needs of the borrower and the opportunity for the Company.

Commercial loans receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

The commercial loans receivable balance had the following characteristics:

The risk of loss is spread over numerous borrowers. Borrower activity is monitored on a regular basis and contractual arrangements are in place to provide adequate loss mitigation in the event of a default. Historically, we have been able to sell repossessed homes, thereby mitigating loss exposure. If a default occurs and collateral is lost, we are exposed to loss of the full value of the home loan. We evaluate the potential for loss from the commercial loan programs on a collective basis, aggregating similar loans based on their terms. Our evaluation also considers the borrower's risk rating, overall financial stability, historical experience and estimates of other economic factors.

The following table represents changes in the estimated allowance for loan losses, including related additions and deductions to the allowance for loan losses (in thousands):

Loans are subject to regular review and are given management's attention whenever a problem situation appears to be developing. Loans with indicators of potential performance problems are placed on watch list status and are subject to additional monitoring and scrutiny. Nonperforming status includes loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis and accruing loans with principal payments 90 days or more past due. Our policy is to place loans on nonaccrual status when interest is past due and remains unpaid 90 days or more or when there is a clear indication that the borrower is unable or unwilling to make payments as they become due. We will resume accrual of interest once these factors have been remedied. Payments received on non-accrual loans are recorded on a cash basis, first to interest and then to principal, and charge-offs occur when it becomes probable that outstanding amounts will not be recovered. At March 30, 2024, there wereno commercial loans 90 days or more past due that were still accruing interest, and we were not aware of any potential problem loans that would have a material effect on the commercial loans receivable balance.

The following table disaggregates our commercial loans receivable by credit quality indicator and fiscal year of origination (in thousands):

As of both March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, approximately 18% of our outstanding commercial loans receivable principal balance was concentrated in New York. No other state had concentrations in excess of 10% of the principal balance of the commercial loans receivable as of March 30, 2024 or April 1, 2023.

We had concentrations with one independent third-party and its affiliates that equaled 13% and 12% of the net commercial loans receivable principal balance outstanding, all of which was secured, as of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, respectively. The risks created by these concentrations have been considered in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.

8. Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation expense was $17.0 million in fiscal year 2024, $14.8 million in fiscal year 2023 and $9.6 million in fiscal year 2022.

Included in the balances above are certain assets under finance leases. See Note 9 for additional information.

9. Leases

We lease certain production and retail locations, office space and equipment. We determine if a contract or arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception. Lease agreements with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain lease agreements include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term byone tothree years or more. Generally, the exercise of lease renewal options is at our discretion. Some agreements also include options to purchase the leased property. The estimated life of assets and leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option that we are reasonably certain to exercise.

Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. These lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Right of Use ("ROU") assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments in accordance with the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit interest rate, we estimate an incremental borrowing rate. In determining the estimated incremental borrowing rate, we consider the lease period and comparable market interest rates, as well as any other information available at the lease commencement date. The lease term includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options.

The following table provides information about the financial statement classification of our lease balances reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 (in thousands):

(1) Recorded net of accumulated amortization of $0.4 million and $0.3 million as of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, respectively.

The following table provides information about the financial statement classification of our lease expenses reported within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended March 30, 2024, April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022 (in thousands):

(2) Excludes short-term and variable lease expenses, which are immaterial.

Cash payments for operating and finance leases were as follows (in thousands):

The present value of minimum payments for future fiscal years under non-cancelable leases as of March 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

The following table provides information about the weighted average remaining lease terms and weighted average discount rates as of March 30, 2024:

10. Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill and other intangibles, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

At April 1, 2023 and March 30, 2024, the Company had Goodwill of $114,547 and $121,934, respectively. The change is due to current year acquisitions and adjustments to prior year acquisitions. All Goodwill resides in the Factory-built housing segment. At March 30, 2024 there areno accumulated impairment losses related to Goodwill.

Amortization expense recognized on intangible assets was $1.6 million during fiscal year 2024, $2.1 million during fiscal year 2023 and $1.4 million during fiscal year 2022. Customer relationships have a weighted average remaining life of 6.9 years and other finite lived intangibles have a weighted average remaining life of 2.5 years.

Expected amortization for future fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):

11. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

12. Warranties

Activity in the liability for estimated warranties for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

13. Other Liabilities

The following table summarizes secured financings and other obligations (in thousands):

Scheduled maturities for future fiscal years of the Company's obligations consist of the following (in thousands).

Actual payments may vary from those above, resulting from prepayments or other factors.

See Note 9 for further discussion of the finance lease obligations.

14. Debt

On November 22, 2022, we entered into a Credit Agreement among the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and letter of credit issuer, and the guarantors party thereto (the "Credit Agreement"), providing for a $50 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), which may be increased from time to time through adding one or more tranches of term loans (each an "Incremental Term Facility") up to an aggregate amount of $100 million. The Credit Agreement matures on November 22, 2027.

Loans under the Revolving Credit Facility and any Incremental Term Facilities will bear interest at a rate equal to (i) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (as adjusted, "Term SOFR"), plus the "applicable rate" or (ii) the "base rate" (defined as the highest of (a) the Bank of America prime rate, (b) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50%, and (c) Term SOFR plus 1.00%) plus the "applicable rate." The applicable rate will be determined in accordance with a pricing grid based on the Company's Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) ranging from 1.125% to 1.350% per annum for Term SOFR rate loans and from 0.125% to 0.350% per annum for base rate loans. In addition, the Company will pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility of 0.15% per annum.

The Revolving Credit Facility is recourse to certain of the Company's subsidiaries, on a joint and several basis as guarantors, but is unsecured.

The Credit Agreement includes the following financial covenants: (i) as of the end of any fiscal quarter, the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) cannot exceed 3.25 to 1.00 and (ii) a requirement to maintain Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for any period of four fiscal quarters of at least $75 million. The Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, and affirmative negative covenants.

As of March 30, 2024, there wereno borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and we were in compliance with all covenants.

15. Reinsurance and Insurance Loss Reserves

Standard Casualty is primarily a specialty writer of manufactured home physical damage insurance. Certain of our premiums and benefits are assumed from and ceded to other insurance companies under various reinsurance agreements. The ceded reinsurance agreements provide increased capacity to write larger risks while maintaining exposure to loss within our capital resources. We remain obligated for amounts ceded in the event that the reinsurers do not meet their obligations. Substantially all of the assumed reinsurance is with one entity.

The effects of reinsurance on premiums written and earned were as follows (in thousands):

Typical insurance policies written or assumed have a maximum coverage of $0.4 million per claim, of which we cede $0.2 million of the risk of loss per reinsurance. Therefore, our risk of loss is limited to $0.2 million per claim on typical policies, subject to the reinsurers meeting their obligations. After this limit, amounts are recoverable through reinsurance for catastrophic losses in excess of $4.0 million per occurrence, up to a maximum of $110.0 million in the aggregate for that occurrence.

Purchasing reinsurance contracts mitigates the frequency and/or severity of losses incurred on insurance policies issued, such as in the case of a catastrophe that generates a large number of serious claims on multiple policies at the same time. Under these agreements, we may be required to repurchase and reestablish the reinsurance contracts for the remainder of the year to the extent that they have been utilized.

Standard Casualty establishes reserves for claims and claims expense on reported and IBNR claims of non-reinsured losses. The following details the activity in the reserve for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

16. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes generally represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. The following details the provision for income taxes for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

A reconciliation of income taxes computed by applying the expected federal statutory income tax rate of 21% for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 to income before income taxes reported in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income is as follows (in thousands):

Net deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

The effective income tax rate for the current year was positively impacted by the recognition of tax credits. Of the total tax credits, $4.2 million related to the sale of energy efficient homes and Energy Star credits available under the Internal Revenue Code §45L and $2.4 million related to the Research and Development, Solar, and Work Opportunity Tax Credits. The §45L tax credit was initially established under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 and was extended through December 31, 2032 by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

We recorded an insignificant amount of unrecognized tax benefits during fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, and there would be an insignificant effect on the effective tax rate if all unrecognized tax benefits were recognized. We classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefit related to any particular tax position is not anticipated to change significantly within the next 12 months. We believe that our income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and we do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to our financial position.

We periodically evaluate the deferred tax assets based on the requirements established in ASC 740, which requires the recording of a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the need for, or amount of, any valuation allowance involves significant management judgment and is based upon the evaluation of both positive and negative evidence, including management projections of anticipated taxable income. At March 30, 2024, we had state net operating loss carryforwards totaling $3.5 million, which begin to expire in 2038, andno associated valuation allowance. We have evaluated our historical profits earned and forecasted taxable income and determined that all of the deferred tax assets would be utilized in future periods. Ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets depends on our ability to continue to earn profits, as we have historically, and to meet these forecasts in future periods.

Income tax returns are filed in the U.S. federal jurisdiction in several state jurisdictions, and in Mexico. In general, we are no longer subject to examination by the IRS or state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before fiscal year 2020; however, we have filed refund claims for fiscal 2018 and 2020 which are currently being processed by the IRS.

17. Commitments and Contingencies

Repurchase Contingencies. We are contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with financial institutions providing inventory financing to independent distributors of our products. These arrangements, which are customary in the industry, provide for the repurchase of products sold to distributors in the event of default by the distributor. The risk of loss under these agreements is spread over numerous distributors. The price we may be obligated to pay generally declines over the period of the agreement (generally 18 to 24 months, calculated from the date of sale to the distributor) and the risk of loss is further reduced by the resale value of the repurchased homes.

The maximum amount for which the Company was liable under such agreements approximated $121 million at March 30, 2024, $178 million at April 1, 2023 and $141 million at April 2, 2022, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we receivedtwo repurchase demand notices. The inventory was obtained and resold to other dealers during the quarter at an immaterial loss. For all of fiscal 2024, we received five demand notices covering 11 homes. Our reserve for repurchase commitments was $2.9 million at March 30, 2024 and $5.2 million at April 1, 2023.

Constru ction-Period Mortgages. We fund construction-period mortgages through periodic advances during home construction. At the time of initial funding, we commit to fully fund the loan contract in accordance with a predetermined schedule. Subsequent advances are contingent upon the performance of contractual obligations by the seller of the home and the borrower. Cumulative advances on construction-period mortgages are carried at the amount advanced less a valuation allowance, and are included in Consumer loans receivable, net. The total loan contract amount, less cumulative advances, represents an off-balance sheet contingent commitment to fund future advances.

Loan contracts with off-balance sheet commitments are summarized below (in thousands):

Representations and Warranties of Mortgages Sold. We sell loans to GSEs and whole-loan purchasers and finance certain loans with long-term credit facilities secured by the respective loans. In connection with these activities, we provide to GSEs and whole-loan purchasers and lenders representations and warranties related to the loans sold or financed. These representations and warranties generally relate to the ownership of the loan, the validity of the lien securing the loan, the loan's compliance with the criteria for inclusion in the sale transaction, including compliance with underwriting standards or loan criteria established by the buyer, and our ability to deliver documentation in compliance with applicable laws. Generally, representations and warranties may be enforced at any time over the life of the loan. Upon a breach of a representation, we may be required to repurchase the loan or to indemnify a party for incurred losses. Repurchase demands and claims for indemnification payments are reviewed on a loan-by-loan basis to validate if there has been a breach requiring repurchase. We manage the risk of repurchase through underwriting and quality assurance practices and by servicing the mortgage loans to investor standards. We maintain a reserve for these contingent repurchase and indemnification obligations. This reserve of $0.6 million as of March 30, 2024 and $0.7 million as of April 1, 2023, included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, reflects management's estimate of probable loss. We consider a variety of assumptions, including borrower performance (both actual and estimated future defaults), historical repurchase demands and loan default rates to estimate the liability for loan repurchases and indemnifications. There were no claim requests that resulted in the repurchase of a loan during the year ended March 30, 2024. In addition, we are subject to minimum net worth requirements and were in compliance for the year ended March 30, 2024.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments. In originating loans for sale, we issue interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") to prospective borrowers. These IRLCs represent an agreement to extend credit to a loan applicant, whereby the interest rate on the loan is set prior to loan closing or sale. These IRLCs bind us to fund the approved loan at the specified rate regardless of whether interest rates or market prices for similar loans have changed between the commitment date and the closing date. As such, outstanding IRLCs are subject to interest rate risk and related loan sale price risk during the period from the date of the IRLC through the earlier of the loan sale date or IRLC expiration date. The lock commitments generally range between 30 and 180 days; however, borrowers are not obligated to close the related loans. As a result, we are subject to fallout risk related to IRLCs, which is realized if approved borrowers choose not to close on the loans within the terms of the IRLCs unless the commitment is successfully paired with another loan that may mitigate losses from fallout.

As of March 30, 2024, we had outstanding IRLCs with a notional amount of $39.0 million, which are recorded at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging("ASC 815"). ASC 815 clarifies that the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of a loan should be included in the measurement of all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings. The estimated fair value of IRLCs is recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets if in a net favorable position, or Accrued expenses and other current liabilities if in a net unfavorable position, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of IRLCs is based on the value of the underlying loan adjusted for: (1) estimated cost to complete and originate the loan and (2) the estimated percentage of IRLCs that will result in closed loans. The initial and subsequent changes in the value of IRLCs are a component of gain (loss) on loans held for sale. During fiscal year 2024 we recognized an insignificant non-cash loss on outstanding IRLCs. During fiscal years 2023 and 2022 we recognized insignificant non-cash gains on outstanding IRLCs.

Forward Sales Commitments. We manage the risk profiles of a portion of the outstanding IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale by entering into forward sales of mortgage-backed securities and whole loan sale commitments (collectively "Commitments"). As of March 30, 2024, we had $2.8 million in outstanding Commitments. Commitments for forward sales of whole loans are typically in an amount proportionate with the amount of IRLCs expected to close in particular time frames, assuming no change in mortgage interest rates, for the respective loan products intended for whole loan sale.

The estimated fair values of Commitments are based on quoted market values and are recorded within Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the fiscal year ended March 30, 2024, we recognized an insignificant non-cash gain on Commitments. During the fiscal years ended April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, we recognized non-cash losses of$0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, on Commitments.

Legal Matters. On September 2, 2021, the SEC filed a civil complaint in the United States District Court, District of Arizona, naming the Company along with the Company's former Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer ("former CEO") and the Company's former Chief Financial Officer ("former CFO"), alleging violations of the antifraud and internal accounting control provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), based on trading in the shares of another company directed by the former CEO. In fiscal 2022, the Company recorded an accrual relating to this loss contingency. On September 23, 2022, the United States District Court for the District of Arizona approved the settlement of the SEC action against the Company. Without admitting or denying the findings of the consent judgment, the Company agreed to the imposition of an injunction against future violations of the antifraud and internal accounting control provisions of the Exchange Act and a monetary penalty of $1.5 million, which did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements (collectively, the "SEC Litigation"). The settlement resolved all claims in the SEC Litigation against the Company. In May 2024, the SEC settled all outstanding claims against our former CFO thereby closing all SEC Litigation matters.

We are party to certain other lawsuits in the ordinary course of business. Based on management's present knowledge of the facts and (in certain cases) advice of outside counsel, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters are likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations after taking into account any existing reserves, which reserves are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, future events or circumstances that may currently be unknown to management will determine whether the resolution of pending or threatened litigation or claims will ultimately have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations in any future reporting periods.

18. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company maintains stock incentive plans whereby stock option grants or awards of RSUs may be made to certain officers, directors and key employees. In August 2023, our shareholders approved the 2023 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan supersedes and replaces the Company’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2005 Plan”). No further awards will be made pursuant to the 2005 Plan; provided, that the 2005 Plan shall remain in effect until all awards granted under the 2005 Plan have vested or been exercised, forfeited, cancelled, or have otherwise expired or terminated in accordance with the terms of such grants. The Plan permits the award of up to 550,000 shares of the Company's common stock, of which 549,299 shares were still available for grant as of March 30, 2024. The exercise price of stock option awards may not be below 100% of the fair market value of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. Stock options vest over a defined period as determined by the plan administrator (the Compensation Committee of the Board, which consists of independent directors), but typically is no more than five years and generally expire seven years from the date of grant. Upon option exercise, new shares of the Company's common stock are issued. Service-based RSUs vest over a defined period, typically three years. Performance-based RSUs vest based on the achievement of certain criteria, determined by the plan administrator, over the measurement period which is generally three years. When RSUs vest, unrestricted shares are issued. The stock incentive plans provide for accelerated vesting of stock option awards and RSUs when the participant is involuntarily terminated upon a change in control (as defined in the plans).

We apply the fair value recognition provisions of ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Stock compensation expense was approximately $6.8 million, $6.3 million and $5.1 million for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $8.0 million and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.77 years.

Stock Options. The following table summarizes stock option activity for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022:

There wereno grants of stock options in fiscal years 2024, 2023 or 2022.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $7.8 million, $5.7 million and $7.9 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards. A summary of RSU activity for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

The total intrinsic value of RSUs released during fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $3.6 million, $1.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

Grants of performance-based RSUs are shown in the table above at the target amount in the year of the award. Additional shares awarded based upon achievement above target specified performance criteria are shown in the table above when they vest, which is generally in the first quarter of the fiscal year following the performance year. Cancellations of target awards based upon achievement below target specified performance criteria are shown in the table above in the period they are canceled, which is generally in the first quarter of the fiscal year following the performance year. The total intrinsic value of performance based RSUs released during fiscal years 2024 and 2023 was $2.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, andnone in fiscal year 2022.

Actual performance exceeded the target established for thethree-year performance-based RSUs granted in fiscal year 2022. As a result, in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we expect 1,125 performance-based RSUs will vest and be released, in addition to the unvested target performance-based RSUs shown in the table above.

19. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

20. Fair Value Measurements

The book value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):

(1) Level 2: The fair value is based on observable market prices for identical securities. When observable market prices for identical securities are not available, we price our marketable debt instruments using non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated with observable market data; quoted market prices for similar instruments; or pricing models, such as a discounted cash flow model, with all significant inputs derived from or corroborated with observable market data.

(2) Level 1: The fair value is based on quoted market prices.

(3) Level 3: The fair value approximates book value based on the non-marketable nature of the investments.

(4) Level 3: Includes consumer loans receivable held for investment, held for sale and construction advances.

(5) Level 3: The fair value is estimated using market interest rates of comparable loans.

(6) Level 2: The fair value is based on the discounted value of the expected remaining principal and interest cash flows.

Consumer loans held for investment are measured using Level 3 inputs that are calculated using estimated discounted future cash flows from the evaluation of loan credit quality and performance history to determine expected prepayments and defaults on the portfolio, discounted with rates considered to reflect current market conditions. Loans held for sale are measured at the lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell, using inputs that consist of quoted market prices for mortgage-backed securities or investor purchase commitments for similar types of loan commitments on hand from investors. The cost of loans held for sale was lower than the fair value as of March 30, 2024.

Mortgage Servicing. Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs") are the rights to receive a portion of the interest coupon and fees collected from the mortgagors for performing specified mortgage servicing activities, which consist of collecting loan payments, remitting principal and interest payments to investors, managing escrow accounts, performing loss mitigation activities on behalf of investors and otherwise administering the loan servicing portfolio. MSRs are recorded at fair value in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the present value of the expected future cash flows related to servicing these loans.

21. Employee Benefit Plans

We have self-funded group medical plans which are administered by third-party administrators. The medical plans have reinsurance coverage limiting liability for general individual employee loss to a maximum of $0.4 million. Incurred claims identified under the third-party administrator's incident reporting system and IBNR claims are accrued based on estimates that incorporate claim experience, as well as other considerations such as the nature of each claim or incident, relevant trend factors and advice from consulting actuaries when necessary. Medical claims expense was $32.9 million, $30.6 million and $22.8 million for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We sponsor an employee savings plan (the "401k Plan") that is intended to provide participating employees with additional income upon retirement. Employees may contribute their eligible compensation up to federal limits to the 401k Plan. The Company match is discretionary and may be up to 50% of the first 5% of eligible compensation contributed by employees. For calendar year 2023, the Company match was 30% of the first 5% of eligible compensation contributed by employees. Employees are eligible to participate on the first of the month following 90 days of service and employer matching contributions are vested progressively over 4 years. Employer matching contribution expense was $3.4 million in fiscal year 2024, $4.0 million in fiscal year 2023 and $1.3 million in fiscal year 2022.

Certain manufacturing facilities of The Commodore Corporation ("Commodore") participate in the IAM National Pension Fund, a multiemployer defined benefit plan. Participation in this plan is available to all hourly employees who are members of the participating collective bargaining unit. Beginning January 1, 2022, we contribute to the plan a specified amount per hour worked for each eligible employee. Benefits under this plan are based on a fixed monthly benefit rate per year of credited service. The risks of participating in this multiemployer plan differ from single-employer plans. The potential risks include, but are not limited to, the use of the Company's contributions to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers, the Company becoming obligated for other participating employers' unfunded obligations and, upon the Company's withdrawal from the plan, the Company being required to pay the plan an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.

The Company's participation in multiemployer plans for the fiscal year ended March 30, 2024 is outlined in the table below, with the following information:

•The Employer Identification Number is 51-6031295 and the three-digit plan number assigned to a plan by the Internal Revenue Service is 002.

•The most recent Pension Protection Act Zone Status available is for plan years that ended in calendar years 2023 and 2022, based on information provided to the Company by the plan. A plan in the "red" zone has been determined to be in "critical status," based on criteria established under the Internal Revenue Code ("Code"), and is generally less than 65% funded.

•The "RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates whether a Rehabilitation Plan ("RP") for plans in the "red" zone, as required by the Code, is pending or has been implemented by the plan as of the end of the plan year that ended in calendar year 2023.

•The "Surcharge Imposed" column indicates whether the Company contribution rate for its fiscal year that ended on March 30, 2024 included an amount in addition to the contribution rate specified in the applicable collective bargaining agreement ("CBA"), as imposed by a plan in "critical status," in accordance with the requirements of the Code.

(1) The expiration date of the CBA for the Pennwest manufacturing facility is February 2027, and the expiration date of the CBA for the Clarion and Colony manufacturing facilities is April 2026.

22. Related Party Transactions

We have non-marketable equity investments in other distribution operations outside of Company-owned retail stores. In the ordinary course of business, we sell homes and lend to certain of these operations through our commercial lending programs. For the fiscal years ended March 30, 2024, April 1, 2023 and April 2, 2022, the total amount of sales to related parties was $54.9 million,$65.6 million and $58.1 million, respectively. As of March 30, 2024, receivables from related parties included $8.5 million of accounts receivable and $4.6 million of commercial loans outstanding. As of April 1, 2023, receivables from related parties included $5.7 million of accounts receivable and $4.7 million of commercial loans outstanding.

23. Acquisitions

Fiscal Year 2024 Kentucky Dream Homes Acquisition

On November 15, 2023, the Company acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Kentucky Dream Homes, LLC ("KDH"), a manufactured home retailer with locations in Kentucky and Florida for total consideration of $23.3 million, which includes $5.4 million non-cash commercial loan forgiveness. The remaining $17.9 million was paid with cash on hand. The final purchase price is subject to customary adjustments. The business is included in the Factory-built housing reportable business segment. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed included $23.5 million of inventory, $4.4 million of goodwill and certain other assets and liabilities. The purchase accounting is subject to final adjustment, primarily for the working capital and amounts allocated to goodwill. We have included the financial results in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition. Pro forma historical results of operations related to this acquisition have not been presented because they are not significant to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods presented.

Fiscal Year 2023 Solitaire Acquisition

On January 3, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Solitaire Inc. and other related entities (collectively "Solitaire Homes") by acquiring 100% of the outstanding stock of Solitaire Homes. The acquisition-date fair value of the total consideration was$110.8 million. In fiscal 2023, we expensed $2.4 million in acquisition related transaction costs in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. During the third fiscal quarter of 2024, we finalized the purchase price allocation related to the Solitaire acquisition, which did not have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands).

(1) Includes $1.3 million assigned to trade names, which are considered indefinite lived intangible assets and are not subject to amortization, $1.9 million assigned to customer-related intangibles, subject to a useful life of 10 years amortized on a straight-line basis, and $0.2 million for covenants not to compete from the sellers, amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of 5 years.

(2) Attributable to the Factory-built housing segment, all of which will be deductible for income tax purposes.

Solitaire Homes contributed Net revenue of $28.3 million and a Net loss of$0.9 million for the fiscal year ended April 1, 2023.

Pro Forma Impact of Acquisitions (Unaudited). The following table presents supplemental pro forma information as if the above acquisitions had occurred on April 4, 2021 (in thousands, except per share data):

Fiscal Year 2022 Craftsman Acquisition

On July 4, 2021, we obtained an additional 20% ownership interest in Craftsman, which gave us a 70% controlling ownership interest and resulted in consolidation of the Entities. See Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest policy in Note 1. The purchase price on July 4, 2021 for 20% ownership was $2.5 million, valuing the Entities at $12.4 million. The remeasurement of the Entities assets and liabilities to fair value resulted in a non-cash gain of$3.3 million, recorded in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

During fiscal year 2024, we executed amendments to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement to acquire the entire remaining 30% for cash on January 1, 2024.

Fiscal Year 2022 Commodore Acquisition

On September 24, 2021, we purchased certain manufactured housing assets and assumed certain liabilities of Commodore. The acquisition-date fair value of the total consideration was$146.0 million. During the second fiscal quarter of 2023, we finalized the purchase price allocation related to the Commodore acquisition, which did not have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands).

(1) Includes assets acquired under finance leases.

(2) Includes $7.2 million assigned to customer-related intangibles, subject to a useful life of 11 years amortized on a straight-line basis; $3.8 million assigned to trademarks and trade names, which are considered indefinite lived intangible assets and are not subject to amortization; $1.0 million for acquired sales order backlogs that will be amortized over the period to produce the associated backlog; and $0.5 million for a covenant not to compete from the sellers, amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of 5 years.

(3) Attributable to the Factory-built housing segment, all of which will be deductible for income tax purposes.

24. Business Segment Information

We operate principally intwo segments: (1) factory-built housing, which includes wholesale and retail factory-built housing operations and (2) financial services, which includes manufactured housing consumer finance and insurance. The following tables provide selected financial data by segment (dollars in thousands):