JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1— Basis of Presentation

Throughout this report, when we refer to “Wiley,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us,” we are referring to John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and all our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.

Our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Condition, Results of Operations, Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows for the periods presented. The Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of April 30, 2025 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures from the annual financial statements. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. All amounts are presented in United States (US) dollars, unless otherwise specified. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the most recent audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 as filed with the SEC on June 25, 2025 (2025 Form 10-K).

Our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of the SEC. As permitted under those rules, annual footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by US GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

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Note 2— Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

There were no recently adopted accounting standards which would have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software

In September 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2025-06, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software." This ASU removes the references to software development stages and requires capitalization of software costs when management has committed to the software project and it is probable that the software will be completed and perform its intended use. This ASU is effective for us on May 1, 2028 and interim reporting periods within the fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We may elect to apply the ASU using a prospective, modified based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption, or retrospective transition method. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets." In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and/or current contract assets, we can elect a practical expedient in accordance with this new ASU that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset.

This ASU is effective for us on May 1, 2026 and interim periods within the fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU is applied prospectively if the practical expedient is elected. We are currently assessing the impact the practical expedient could have on our consolidated financial statements if elected.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,“Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” In January 2025, the FASB clarified the effective date of this guidance with the issuance of ASU 2025-01,“Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date.” This ASU requires disclosure about specific types of expenses included in expense captions including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion. This ASU is effective for our annual disclosures starting fiscal year 2028 and interim periods starting in fiscal year 2029. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this ASU on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. We are currently assessing the impact of the disclosure requirements on our consolidated financial statements.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU enhances the transparency, effectiveness and comparability of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information related to income tax rate reconciliations and the jurisdictions in which income taxes are paid. This ASU is effective for our annual disclosures starting fiscal year 2026. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this ASU on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. We are currently assessing the impact of the disclosure requirements on our consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3— Divestitures

We recorded net pretax (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale as follows:

CrossKnowledge

On August 31, 2024, we completed the sale of CrossKnowledge, which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. In the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, we recognized a loss of $2.3 million related to the sale of this business. Included in the selling price for CrossKnowledge was contingent consideration in the form of an earnout. Due to adverse changes in market conditions during the three months ended October 31, 2025, the business outlook was negatively affected. This would result in no payments being made to Wiley during each of the respective periods. We reduced the fair value of the CrossKnowledge earnout from $1.8 million at the time of sale tozero as of October 31, 2025. In addition, in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 we recorded a write-off of $0.5 million related to an uncollectible receivable related to CrossKnowledge.

In the three months ended October 31, 2024, upon the completion of the sale we recognized an additional loss of $0.5 million due to subsequent changes in the fair value less costs to sell, as well as changes in the carrying amount of the disposal group. This resulted in a net reduction in the loss of $3.9 million in the six months ended October 31, 2024.

University Services

On January 1, 2024, we completed the sale of University Services which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. On June 5, 2025, Wiley entered into an agreement with Metis Aggregator L.P. and Vistria AP Aggregator, LLC to sell the unsecured promissory note (University Services Seller Note), the contingent consideration in the form of an earnout (University Services Earnout) for fiscal year 2026, and the TVG Investment, and agreed with Education Services Upper Holdings Corp. (Upper Holdings) and Academic Partnerships LLC (Academic Partnerships) on the fiscal year 2025 University Services Earnout for total cash consideration of $119.5 million (Sale Agreement) which was fully paid in June 2025. As a result of this Sale Agreement, all amounts due to Wiley in accordance with the Membership Interest and Asset Purchase Agreement (University Services Agreement) with Academic Partnerships, and Upper Holdings have been settled. As a result of the sale of these assets, we recognized an additional pretax loss of $0.9 million in thesix months ended October 31, 2025.

In thesix months ended October 31, 2024, we recognized a reduction to the pretax loss on sale of $1.5 million due to third-party customer consents and working capital adjustments.

Wiley Edge

On May 31, 2024, we completed the sale of Wiley Edge with the exception of its India operations which sold on August 31, 2024, which was included in our Held for Sale or Sold segment. In thesix months ended October 31, 2024, upon the completion of the sale, we recognized a net gain of $0.8 million, which included $1.0 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024, primarily due to the sale of the India operations, partially offset by subsequent changes in the costs to sell.

The selling price for Wiley Edge included an unsecured promissory note (Inspirit Seller Note). As of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, the Inspirit Seller Note receivable inclusive of interest is $14.9 million and $14.4 million, respectively, and is reflected in Other non-current assets in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Inspirit Seller Note matures on May 31, 2028 and is prepayable at par plus accrued interest at any time and also if certain conditions are met. The Inspirit Seller Note bears interest at the rate of 8% per annum commencing on May 31, 2024, increasing by 1% per annum each year on the anniversary of issuance. Interest income from the note receivable represents non operating income and was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, respectively. These amounts are included in Other (expense) income, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

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Note 4— Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type

The following information describes our disaggregation of revenue by segment and product type. Overall, the majority of our revenue is recognized over time.

Research

Total Research revenue was $278.5 million and $560.2 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively. Research products are sold and distributed globally through multiple channels. The majority of revenue generated from Research products is recognized over time.

We disaggregated revenue by Research Publishing and Research Solutions to reflect the different type of products and services provided.

Research Publishing Products

Research Publishing products provide scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, as well as related content and services to academic, corporate, and government libraries, learned societies, and individual researchers and other professionals. Research Publishing revenue was $241.4 million and $473.2 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, and the majority is recognized over time.

In the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, Research Publishing products generated approximately 87% and 88%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with its customers from Journal Subscriptions (pay to read) and Transformational Agreements (read and publish) under multiyear arrangements, and Open Access (pay to publish). The remaining revenue is from Licensing and ancillary products.

Research Solutions Products and Services

Research Solutions revenue was $37.1 million and $87.0 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, and the majority is recognized over time.

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Research Solutions products and services generated approximately 45% and 57% of their revenue in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, from contracts with customers that include artificial intelligence (AI) license revenue that includes content which Wiley has licensed from other publishers; and platform and workflow solutions for societies and publishers, which includes production and content hosting, submissions and peer review support, editorial, and copy editing services. Included within platforms is our Atypon® publishing platform for societies and publishers. The remainder of the revenue within Research Solutions from contracts with customers includes corporate solutions such as managed services which includes advertising, and full sales and marketing services for publishers and societies; recruitment platform and services; spectral databases; and projects which includes content creation and distribution, digital events, and webinars.

Learning

Total Learning revenue was $143.2 million and $258.3 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively. We disaggregated revenue by Academic and Professional to reflect the different types of products and services provided.

Academic

Academic products revenue was $87.0 million and $142.5 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively. Products and services including scientific, professional, and education print and digital books, and digital courseware to libraries, corporations, students, professionals, and researchers. Products are developed for worldwide distribution through multiple channels, including chain and online booksellers, libraries, colleges and universities, corporations, direct to consumer, websites, distributor networks and other online applications.

In the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, Academic products generated approximately 57% and 59%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers for print and digital publishing, which is recognized at a point in time. Digital Courseware products in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, generated approximately 36% and 28%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers which is recognized over time. The remainder of their revenues were from Licensing and ancillary products, which have a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time.

Professional

Professional products revenue was $56.2 million and $115.8 million in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively. Professional provides learning, development, publishing, and assessment services for businesses and professionals. Our professional publishing produces books, which includes business and finance, technology, professional development for educators, test preparation books and other professional categories, as well as the For Dummies® brand. Products are sold to brick-and-mortar and online retailers, wholesalers who supply such bookstores, college bookstores, individual practitioners, corporations, and government agencies.

In the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, Professional products generated approximately 52% and 51%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers for professional publishing, which is recognized at a point in time. Our assessments offering, in the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, generated approximately 35% and 33%, respectively, of their revenue from contracts with their customers which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time. The remainder of Professional revenues were from Licensing and ancillary products which has a mix of revenue recognized at a point in time and over time.

Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability Balances

When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.

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The following table provides information about accounts receivable, net and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

For the six months ended October 31, 2025, we estimate that we recognized as revenue approximately 74% of the current contract liability balance at April 30, 2025. For the six months ended October 31, 2024, we estimated that we recognized as revenue approximately 74% of the current contract liability balance at April 30, 2024.

The decrease in contract liabilities excluding the sales return reserve was primarily driven by revenue earned on journal subscription agreements, transformational agreements, and open access, partially offset by renewals of journal subscription agreements, transformational agreements, and open access.

Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability

As of October 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $237.3 million, which includes the sales return reserve of $14.9 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $203.9 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $18.5 million to be recognized thereafter.

Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract

Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These costs are amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. These types of costs are incurred in Research Solutions services which includes customer specific implementation costs per the terms of the contract.

Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract, were $2.0 million and $2.2 million at October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, respectively, and are included within Other non-current assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense related to these assets within Cost of sales on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income as follows:

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Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Learning segment, occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are primarily reflected in Operating and administrative expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income and were incurred as follows:

Note 5— Operating Leases

We have contractual obligations as a lessee with respect to offices, warehouses and distribution centers, automobiles, and office equipment.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract in accordance with guidance detailed in the lease standard and we perform the lease classification test as of the lease commencement date. Right-of-use (ROU) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The present value of the lease payments is calculated using an incremental borrowing rate, which was determined based on the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. We use an unsecured borrowing rate and risk-adjust that rate to approximate a collateralized rate.

We recognize operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease payments may be fixed or variable. Only lease payments that are fixed, in-substance fixed or depend on a rate or index are included in determining the lease liability. Variable lease payments include payments made to the lessor for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the leased asset and are recognized as operating costs as incurred.

We apply certain practical expedients allowed by ASC 842, "Leases." Leases that are more than one year in duration are capitalized and recorded on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are recognized as short term lease operating costs on a straight-line basis over the term. We have also elected to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single component. Some of our leases offer an option to extend the term of such leases. We utilize the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options we will exercise.

For operating leases, the ROU assets and liabilities are presented on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows:

As a result of our restructuring programs, which included the exit of certain leased office space, we recorded restructuring and related charges, which included impairment charges, the acceleration of expense, and ongoing facility charges associated with certain operating lease ROU assets. See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more information on this program and the charges incurred.

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Our total net lease costs are as follows:

Other supplemental information includes the following:

The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the first five years and total of the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of October 31, 2025:

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Note 6— Stock-Based Compensation

The Company provides stock-based compensation to its employees and non-employee directors, which may include restricted stock units (RSU), performance-based stock awards (PSU), and stock options (collectively, stock-based awards). We recognize the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation in net income generally on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period. We recognized stock-based compensation expense on a pretax basis as follows:

Performance-Based and Other Restricted Stock Activity

Under the terms of our long-term incentive plans, PSU awards are payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock upon the achievement of certain three-year or less financial performance-based targets. The measurement of performance is based on actual financial results for targets established up tothree years in advance or less. During each three-year period or less, we adjust compensation expense based upon our best estimate of expected performance.

We may also grant individual RSU awards payable in restricted shares of our Class A Common Stock to key employees in connection with their employment.

The following table summarizes awards we granted to employees (shares in thousands):

Stock Option Activity

There wereno stock option awards granted during the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024.

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Note 7— Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

In connection with the sale of Wiley Edge and CrossKnowledge, in the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, we reclassified $23.2 million of cumulative translation adjustments out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and included in the Net (loss) gain on sale of businesses, assets, and impairment charges related to assets held-for-sale in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

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During the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, pretax actuarial losses included in Unamortized Retirement Costs of approximately $2.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, and in the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, of approximately $2.0 million and $4.1 million, respectively, were amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss and recognized as pension and post-retirement benefit expense primarily in Operating and administrative expenses and Other (expense) income, net on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income is to release when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income items are reclassified to earnings.

Note 8— Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share further includes any common shares available to be issued upon the exercise of unvested, outstanding restricted stock units and other stock awards if such inclusions would be dilutive. The shares associated with PSU awards are considered contingently issuable shares and are included in the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding based on when they have met the performance conditions, and when their effect is dilutive. We determine the potentially dilutive common shares for all awards using the treasury stock method.

A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share follows (shares in thousands):

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Note 9— Restructuring and Related Charges

The Company began a global restructuring program in fiscal year 2023, which aimed to enhance Wiley’s position and drive profitability (Global Restructuring Program) which was expanded in fiscal year 2024. This program included severance related charges for the elimination of certain positions, the exit of certain leased office space, and the reduction of our occupancy at other facilities. Under this program, we reducedour real estate square footage occupancy by approximately 35%.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, the program was further extended due to the completion of our divestitures with a focus on optimizing our cost structure, with particular emphasis on aligning our technology costs and other corporate expenses. As a result of these initiatives, this expanded program includes severance related charges, facility-related costs associated with certain properties, and other activities.

The following tables summarize the pretax restructuring and related charges (credits) related to the Global Restructuring Program:

The severance related charges are for certain employees affected by the reduction in force under this program who are entitled to severance payments and certain termination benefits.

In the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 we incurred ongoing facility-related costs associated with certain properties. Consulting costs primarily relate to third-party advisors engaged for technology related transformation initiatives, and operational and performance improvement services.

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In the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 we incurred ongoing facility-related costs associated with certain properties, consulting credits, and other costs for other activities, which includes relocation and other employee related costs. In the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 the credits in consulting costs are due to changes in the estimates for previously accrued costs.

The following table summarizes the activity for the Global Restructuring Program liability for the six months ended October 31, 2025:

Approximately $3.5 million of the restructuring liability for accrued severance and termination benefits is reflectedin Accrued employment costs and approximately $0.3 million is reflected in Other long-term liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The liabilities for Consulting costs and Other activities are reflected in Other accrued liabilities onour Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

For both thethree and six months ended October 31, 2025, we recorded net pretax restructuring credits of less than $(0.1) million related to this program.

For thethree and six months ended October 31, 2024, we recorded net pretax restructuring credits of less than $(0.1) million and $(3.7) million, respectively, related to this program. The credits in the six months ended October 31, 2024 are primarily due to the termination of a portion of a lease that was previously impaired in our Corporate Expenses category.

As of fiscal year 2023, we substantially completed this program and we have no restructuring liability outstanding. We currently anticipate immaterial ongoing facility charges and do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Business Optimization Program.

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Note 10— Segment Information

We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting.” These segments reflect the way our chief operating decision maker (CODM) evaluates our business performance, manages the operations, makes operating decisions, and allocates resources.

Our segment reporting structure consists ofthree operating and reportable segments, which are listed below, as well as a Corporate expense category, which includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments:

•Research

•Learning

•Held for Sale or Sold

Our President and Chief Executive Officer is the Company’s CODM. The performance metric used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments is Adjusted Operating Income. The CODM uses Adjusted Operating Income during the annual budgeting process and evaluates budget and forecast-to-actual variances on a monthly basis to make decisions about the allocation of resources to our segments.

Our significant expense categories that are included within Adjusted Operating Income include cost of sales, direct expenses, allocated expenses from our Corporate expense category, and amortization of intangible assets. The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM.

The following tables present a summary of our Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) by segment, and the reconciliation to Income before taxes:

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See Note 4, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” for revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following tables present a summary of depreciation and amortization expense by segment:

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Note 11— Inventories

Inventories, net consisted of the following:

Note 12— Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of October 31, 2025:

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net were as follows:

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Note 13— Income Taxes

The Company's effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, was 22.6% and 25.3% compared with 17.3% and 45.8% for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024.

The change in the effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 compared to the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 was primarily due to a change in jurisdictional mix of earnings and a deferred tax benefit being recorded this year as a result of the enactment of tax rate reductions in Germany.

Enactment of the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBBA)

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the OBBBA. Key corporate tax provisions of the OBBBA include a handful of elective tax measures such as restoration of 100% bonus depreciation, the introduction of new Section 174A permitting immediate expensing of domestic research and experimental (R&E) expenditures. Other tax measures include modifications to Section 163(j) interest expense limitations, updates to the rules governing global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) and foreign-derived intangible income (FDII), amendments to energy credit provisions, and the expansion of Section 162(m) aggregation requirements.

Under US GAAP, the effects of changes in tax laws are recognized in the period in which the new law is enacted. Upon initial assessment of the elective tax measures, we determined the impact of these to be insignificant and reflected these in our financial statements using management’s best estimate through the second quarter of fiscal year 2026. We are continuing to evaluate the full year impact of the OBBBA and, based on our preliminary analysis, we do not anticipate a material effect on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended April 30, 2026.

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Note 14— Retirement Plans

The components of net pension expense for our defined benefit plans were as follows:

In the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, due to the sale of the CrossKnowledge business, there was a curtailment and a settlement credit due to the divestment of the CrossKnowledge Pension Plan of $0.2 million which is primarily reflected in Other (expense) income, net on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

The service cost component of net pension expense is reflected in Operating and administrative expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income. The other components of net pension expense are reported separately from the service cost component and below Operating income. Such amounts are reflected in Other (expense) income, net on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

Employer defined benefit pension plan contributions were $1.1 million and $2.2 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, and $3.9 million and $7.5 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, respectively.

Defined Contribution Savings Plans

The expense for employer defined contribution savings plans was $4.9 million and $11.6 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, and $5.1 million and $12.4 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, respectively.

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Note 15— Debt and Available Credit Facilities

Our total debt outstanding consisted of the amounts set forth in the following table:

Amended and Restated CA

On November 30, 2022, we entered into the second amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (collectively, the Amended and Restated CA). The Amended and Restated CA provided for senior unsecured credit facilities comprised of (i) afive-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $1.115 billion, which matures November 2027, (ii) afive-year term loan A facility consisting of $200 million, which matures November 2027, and (iii) $185 million aggregate principal amount revolving credit facility which matured in May 2024.

Under the terms of the Amended and Restated CA, which can be drawn in multiple currencies, we have the option of borrowing at the following floating interest rates depending on the currency borrowed: (i) at a rate based on the US Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), the Sterling Overnight Index Average Rate (SONIA) or a EURIBOR-based rate, each rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.98% to 1.50%, depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined, or (ii) at the lender’s base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from zero to 0.50%, depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. With respect to SOFR loans, there is a SOFR adjustment of between 0.10% and 0.25% depending on the duration of the loan. The lender’s base rate is defined as the highest of (i) the US federal funds effective rate plus a 0.50% margin, (ii) the Daily SOFR rate, as defined, plus a 1.00% margin, or (iii) the Bank of America prime lending rate. In addition, we pay a facility fee for the Amended and Restated CA ranging from 0.15% to 0.25% depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. We also have the option to request an increase in the revolving credit facility by an amount not to exceed $500 million, in minimum increments of $50 million, subject to the approval of the lenders.

The Amended and Restated CA contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant in the form of a consolidated net leverage ratio and consolidated interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of October 31, 2025.

The amortization expense of the costs incurred related to the Amended and Restated CA related to the lender and non-lender fees is recognized over afive-year term for credit commitments that mature in November 2027 and an 18-month term for credit commitments that matured in May 2024. Total amortization expense included in Interest expense on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income is as follows:

Lines of Credit

We have other lines of credit aggregating $1.0 million at various interest rates. There wereno outstanding borrowings under these credit lines at October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025.

As of October 31, 2025, our total available lines of credit including the Amended and Restated RCA were approximately $1,295.5 million, of which approximately $423.5 million was unused. We had letters of credit of $0.5 million outstanding under the Amended and Restated CA, and the aggregate stated amount outstanding of these letter of credits reduces the total borrowing base available under the Amended and Restated CA.

The weighted average interest rates on total debt outstanding during the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 were 5.44% and 5.45%, respectively. The weighted average interest rates on total debt outstanding during the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 were 6.09% and 6.11%, respectively. As of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, the weighted average interest rates for total debt were 5.38% and 5.57%, respectively.

Based on estimates of interest rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of our debt approximates its carrying value.

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Note 16— Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates, and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Contracts

As of October 31, 2025, we had total debt outstanding of $871.7 million, net of unamortized issuance costs of $0.3 million. The $872.0 million of debt outstanding are variable rate loans under the Amended and Restated CA. The carrying value of the debt approximates fair value.

As of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, the interest rate swap agreements we maintained were designated as fully effective cash flow hedges as defined under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” As a result, the impact on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income from changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps was fully offset by changes in the interest expense on the underlying variable rate debt instruments. It is management’s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.

As of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, we had interest rate swaps outstanding with a combined notional amount of $500.0 million, respectively, that were designated as cash flow hedges.

We record the fair value of our interest rate swaps on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. The fair value of our interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges are reflected on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows:

The effect of our interest rate swaps on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income are as follows:

Foreign Currency Contracts

We may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The foreign currency forward exchange contracts are marked to market through Net foreign exchange transaction gains (losses) on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income and carried at fair value on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured at spot rates in effect on the balance sheet date, with the effects of changes in spot rates reported in Net foreign exchange transaction gains (losses) on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income.

As of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, we did not maintain any open foreign currency forward contracts. In addition, we did not maintain any open foreign currency forward contracts during the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024.

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Note 17— Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts

Share Repurchases

During the three months ended July 31, 2025, our Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase program of $250 million of Class A or B Common Stock. No share repurchases were made under this program during the six months ended October 31, 2025. The share repurchase program is in addition to the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors during the year ended April 30, 2020 of $200 million of Class A or B Common Stock. As of October 31, 2025, we had authorization from our Board of Directors to purchase up to $22.4 million that was remaining under this program.

The following table summarizes the share repurchases of Class A and Class B Common Stock (shares in thousands):

The average price per share excludes excise taxes payable on share repurchases and may differ from the share repurchases reflected in Purchases of treasury shares in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As of October 31, 2025, total shares repurchased include unsettled purchases.

Dividends

We declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on our Class A and Class B Common Stock for a total of$37.8 million and$38.3 millionin thesix months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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Changes in Common Stock

The following is a summary of changes during the six months ended October 31, in shares of our common stock and common stock in treasury (shares in thousands):

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Note 18— Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business. A provision for litigation is accrued when information available to us indicates that it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required to determine both the probability and estimates of loss. When the amount of the loss can only be estimated within a range, the most likely outcome within that range is accrued. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. When uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome of litigation and/or the amount or range of loss, we do not record a liability, but disclose facts related to the nature of the contingency and possible losses if management considers the information to be material. Reserves for legal defense costs are recognized when incurred. The accruals for loss contingencies and legal costs are reviewed regularly and may be adjusted to reflect updated information on the status of litigation and advice of legal counsel. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all pending litigation as of October 31, 2025, will not have a material effect upon our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Anthropic Class-Action Lawsuit

In August 2024, certain authors filed a class-action lawsuit against Anthropic in the US District Court for the Northern District of California. They alleged that Anthropic used their copyrighted content, obtained through piracy, to train its AI models. In August 2025, a settlement was reached pursuant to which Anthropic will pay $1.5 billion into a settlement fund, which will be used to make cash payments to class members and cover certain costs in the case. The court preliminarily approved the settlement on September 25, 2025. We are aware that our content is included in the pirated copyrighted content and will be submitting claims for such works with the settlement administrator. The Company's portion of the settlement has not yet been determined.