EMCOR Group Inc

United States electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services operations:

Our electrical and mechanical construction services primarily involve the design, integration, installation, start-up, operation and maintenance, and provision of services relating to:

•Systems for electrical power transmission, distribution, and generation, including power cables, conduits, distribution panels, transformers, generators, uninterruptible power supply systems, and related switch gear and controls;

•Sustainable energy solutions such as solar, photovoltaic, and wind, as well as the installation of electric vehicle charging stations;

•Premises electrical and lighting systems, including fixtures and controls;

•Process instrumentation in the refining, chemical processing, and food processing industries;

•Low-voltage systems, such as fire alarm, security, and process control systems;

•Voice and data communications, including fiber optic and low voltage cabling, distributed antenna systems, audiovisual systems, and wireless access points;

•Roadway and transit lighting and signaling and fiber optic lines;

•Computerized traffic control systems, and signal and communication equipment for mass transit systems;

•Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration, including both traditional mechanical systems as well as geothermal solutions;

•Clean-room process ventilation systems;

•Fire protection and suppression systems;

•Plumbing, process and high-purity piping systems;

•Controls and filtration systems;

•Water and wastewater treatment systems;

•Central plant heating and cooling systems, including manufacturing and installing sheet metal air handling systems;

•Crane and rigging services;

•Millwright services; and

•Steel fabrication, erection, and welding services.

The electrical and mechanical construction services industry has experienced growth principally due to the increased content, complexity, and sophistication of electrical and mechanical systems resulting, in part, from growth in digital processing, cloud computing, data storage, and the emergence of artificial intelligence. In addition, facilities of all types require extensive electrical distribution systems, sophisticated power supplies, networks of low-voltage and fiber-optic communications cabling, and various mechanical, plumbing, and fire protection and suppression systems. Moreover, the need for substantial environmental controls within a building, due to the heightened need to maintain extensive computer systems at optimal temperatures, and the demand for increased energy efficiency, have continued to expand opportunities for our electrical and mechanical services businesses. The demand for these services is typically driven by non-residential construction and renovation activity and, in recent years, has benefited from the re-shoring of the supply chain, the need for additional high-tech manufacturing facilities, and the energy transition/expansion throughout the United States, all of which have been bolstered by certain government incentives.

Our electrical and mechanical construction services generally fall into one of three categories: (a) large installation projects, with contracts often in the multi-million dollar range, that involve: (i) the construction of manufacturing facilities, data centers, warehousing and distribution facilities, and commercial buildings, (ii) institutional and public works projects, or (iii) the fit-out of large blocks of space within commercial or mixed-use buildings, (b) large and medium sized capital and maintenance projects for commercial, manufacturing, pharmaceutical, healthcare, oil and gas, and industrial clients, and (c) smaller installation projects, of a short duration, typically involving fit-out, renovation, and retrofit work.

Our United States electrical and mechanical construction operations accounted for approximately 63% of our 2023 total revenues. Of such revenues, approximately 35% were generated by our electrical construction operations and approximately 65% were generated by our mechanical construction operations.

Our largest projects typically include those within: (a) the commercial market sector (including warehousing and distribution facilities, office or mixed-use buildings, and shopping malls); (b) the network and communications market sector (including data centers, data and fiber projects, and cabling); (c) the manufacturing and industrial market sector (including steel, pulp and paper mills, food processing and traditional automotive manufacturing facilities, power generation (including sustainable energy solutions such as solar and wind), oil and gas refineries, and chemical processing plants); (d) the high-tech manufacturing market sector (including semiconductor, biotech, life-sciences, and pharmaceutical facilities, as well as projects across the electric vehicle value chain); (e) the healthcare market sector (including hospitals, surgical centers, rehabilitation and nursing facilities, and medical offices); (f) the institutional market sector (including educational and correctional facilities and research laboratories); (g) the water and wastewater market sector; (h) the transportation market sector (including highways, bridges, airports, and transit systems); and (i) the hospitality and entertainment market sector (including resorts, hotels, gaming facilities, convention centers, and sports stadiums). Our largest projects, which typically range in size from $10 million up to and occasionally exceeding $200 million, represented approximately 45% of our electrical and mechanical construction services revenues in 2023. These projects often involve new construction and a combination of design, installation, and start-up services. Depending on the size and complexity of these projects, they may span multiple years and typically require significant technical and management skills and the financial strength to obtain performance bonds, which are often a condition to bidding for and winning these projects.

Our projects of less than $10 million accounted for approximately 55% of our electrical and mechanical construction services revenues in 2023. These projects are typically completed in less than one year. They usually involve electrical and mechanical construction services when an end-user or owner undertakes construction or modification of a facility to accommodate a specific use, upgrade or replace aging systems, or increase energy efficiency. These projects frequently require electrical and mechanical systems to meet special needs such as critical systems power supply, fire protection systems, special environmental controls and high-purity air systems, sophisticated electrical and mechanical systems for data centers, new production lines in manufacturing plants, and office arrangements in existing office buildings. They are not usually dependent upon the new construction market. Demand for these projects and types of services is often prompted by the expiration of leases, changes in technology, the demand for more energy efficient systems, or changes in the customer’s plant or office layout in the normal course of a customer’s business.

United States and United Kingdom building services operations:

Our building services include:

•Maintenance and services for mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire safety, and building automation systems;

•Modification and retrofit projects;

•Program development, management, and maintenance for energy systems, including LEED and other sustainable solutions to assist our customers in reducing energy consumption;

•Energy efficiency retrofit services, including HVAC, lighting, water, weatherization, and air flow management solutions:

•Technical consulting and diagnostic services;

•Services aimed at improving indoor air quality;

•Installation and support for building systems;

•Commercial and government site-based operations and maintenance;

•Facility management, maintenance, and services;

•Floor care and janitorial services, including enhanced cleaning and sanitization services;

•Landscaping, lot sweeping, and snow removal;

•Other building services, including reception, security, and catering services;

•Vendor management and call center services;

•Military base operations support services; and

•Infrastructure and building projects for federal, state, and local governmental agencies.

While not all of the above services are performed in both countries, we provide building services throughout the United States and United Kingdom. Our building services operations have built upon our traditional electrical and mechanical construction operations and our client relationships to expand the scope of services being offered and to develop packages of services for customers on a local, regional, and national basis.

Our building services operations, which generated approximately 28% of our 2023 total revenues, provide services to owners, operators, tenants, and managers of all types of facilities both on a contractual basis for a specified period of time and on an individual task order basis. Of our building services revenues for 2023, approximately 88% were generated in the United States and approximately 12% were generated in the United Kingdom.

Demand for our building services is often driven by customers’ decisions to focus on their core competencies, customers’ programs to reduce costs, the increasing technical complexity of customers’ facilities, including their mechanical, electrical, building automation, voice and data, and other systems, and the need for increased reliability, energy efficiency, and air filtration and sanitization. These trends have led to outsourcing and privatization programs whereby customers in both the private and public sectors seek to contract out those activities that support, but are not directly associated with, the customer’s core business. Clients of our building services business include federal and state governments, institutional organizations, utilities, healthcare providers, and major corporations engaged in information technology, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, financial services, and manufacturing, as well as large retailers and other businesses with geographically dispersed locations.

We provide building services at a number of prominent buildings in the United States, including those that house the National Archives and Records Administration, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Government Accountability Office, and the Departments of Transportation, Education, Health and Human Services, Energy, and Homeland Security, as well as other government facilities, including the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We also provide building services, as a prime contractor or a subcontractor, to U.S. military bases and various other governmental agencies. The agreements pursuant to which this division provides services to the federal government are frequently for a base period and a number of option years exercisable at the sole discretion of the government, are often subject to modification or renegotiation by the government in terms of scope of services, and are subject to termination by the government prior to the expiration of the applicable term.

United States industrial services operations:

Our industrial services are primarily provided to customers within the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries and consist of:

•Refinery turnaround planning and engineering services;

•Specialty welding services;

•Overhaul and maintenance of critical process units in refineries and petrochemical plants;

•Specialty technical services for refineries and petrochemical plants;

•Instrumentation and electrical services for energy infrastructure;

•On-site repairs, maintenance, and service of heat exchangers, towers, vessels, and piping;

•Design, manufacturing, repair, and hydro blast cleaning of shell and tube heat exchangers and related equipment; and

•Renewable energy services, including large scale solar projects, energy storage, and waste to biogas solutions.

Our industrial services business, which generated approximately 9% of our 2023 total revenues, is a recognized leader in the refinery turnaround market and has a presence in the petrochemical market. Demand for these services is highly dependent on the strength of the oil and gas and related industrial markets. Our industrial services operations perform turnaround and maintenance services for critical units of refineries and petrochemical plants to upgrade, repair, and maintain them. Such services include: (a) engineering and planning in advance of complex refinery and petrochemical turnarounds; (b) overhaul and maintenance of critical process units (including hydrofluoric alkylation units, fluid catalytic cracking units, coking units, heaters, heat exchangers, and related mechanical equipment) during refinery and petrochemical plant shut downs; (c) replacement and new construction capital projects for refineries and petrochemical plants; (d) instrumentation and electrical services for energy infrastructure; and (e) other related specialty services such as: (i) welding (including pipe welding) and fabrication; (ii) heater, boiler, and reformer repairs and replacements; converter repair and revamps; and vessel, exchanger and tower services; (iii) tower and column repairs in refineries and petrochemical plants; (iv) installation and repair of refractory materials for critical units in process plants to protect equipment from corrosion, erosion, and extreme temperatures; and (v) acid-proofing services to protect critical components at refineries from chemical exposure. These businesses also design and manufacture highly engineered shell and tube heat exchangers and provide maintenance, repair, and cleaning services for heat exchangers both in the field and at our own shops, including tube and shell repairs, bundle repairs, and extraction services.

In addition to these traditional industrial services, we are beginning to leverage our expertise in industrial services to construct and maintain carbon capture technologies and renewable energy projects.