UNIVEST FINANCIAL Corp

UNIVEST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Univest Financial Corporation (the Corporation) and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Corporation’s direct subsidiary is Univest Bank and Trust Co. (the Bank). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations for interim financial information. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature and are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods presented. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2024 or for any other period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes include the fair value measurement of investment securities available-for-sale and the determination of the allowance for credit losses.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share represent income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method, that could occur if outstanding options on common shares had been exercised and restricted stock units had vested and the hypothetical repurchases of shares to fund such restricted stock units is less than the average restricted stock units outstanding for the periods presented. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Corporation relate to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, and are determined using the treasury stock method. The effects of options to issue common stock and unvested restricted stock units are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. Antidilutive options are those options with weighted average exercise prices in excess of the weighted average market value. Antidilutive restricted stock units are those with hypothetical repurchases of shares, under the treasury stock method, exceeding the average restricted stock units outstanding for the periods presented.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2024

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, "Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)". This ASU allows entities to elect the proportional amortization method, on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis, for all equity investments in tax credit programs meeting the eligibility criteria in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 323-740-25-1. While the ASU does not significantly alter the existing eligibility criteria, it does provide clarifications to address existing interpretive issues. It also prescribes specific information reporting entities must disclose about tax credit investments each period. This ASU became effective on January 1, 2024 for the Corporation. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to Be Adopted

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06,"Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative". This ASU amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments in this ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC's regulations. For entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07,"Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures". This ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Corporation is currently evaluating this update to determine the impact on the Corporation's disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". This ASU addresses investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This ASU also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024 for public business entities. For all other business entities, the amendments will be effective one year later. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.

Note 2. Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.

Note 3. Investment Securities

The following table shows the amortized cost, the estimated fair value and the allowance for credit losses of the held-to-maturity securities and available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity within each type:

Gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and changes in the allowance for credit loss are recorded in provision for credit loss expense. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because debt issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without call or prepayment penalties and mortgage-backed securities typically prepay at a rate faster than contractually due.

Securities with a carrying value of $456.6 million and $464.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds deposits and contingency funding. There wereno pledged securities to secure credit derivatives and interest rate swaps at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. See Note 11, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" for additional information.

There were no sales of securities available-for-sale during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there wereno reportable investments in any single issuer representing more than 10% of shareholders’ equity.

The following table shows the fair value of securities that were in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by the length of time those securities were in a continuous loss position.

At March 31, 2024, the fair value of held-to-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded was $124.0 million, including unrealized losses of $19.5 million. These holdings were comprised of 89 federal agency mortgage-backed securities, which are U.S. government entities and agencies and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The Corporation did not recognize any credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

At March 31, 2024, the fair value of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded was $261.8 million, including unrealized losses of $39.4 million. These holdings were comprised of (1) 113 federal agency mortgage-backed securities, which are U.S. government entities and agencies and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses, (2) two collateralized mortgage obligation bonds, and (3) two investment grade corporate bonds. The Corporation does not intend to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position and is unlikely to be required to sell these securities before a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity. The Corporation concluded that the decline in fair value of these securities was not indicative of a credit loss. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale debt securities totaled $1.2 million at March 31, 2024 and is included within Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.

The table below presents a rollforward by major security type for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 of the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale.

At March 31, 2024, the fair value of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has been recorded was $77.8 million, including unrealized losses of $7.9 million, and allowance for credit losses of $817 thousand. These holdings were comprised of 36 investment grade corporate bonds and one municipal bond which fluctuate in value based on changes in market conditions. For these securities, fluctuations were primarily due to changes in the interest rate environment. The Corporation does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is not likely that it will be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery. The underlying issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the securities.

The Corporation recognized a $36 thousand and a $69 thousand net loss on equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in other noninterest income. There were no sales of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Note 4. Loans and Leases

Summary of Major Loan and Lease Categories

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases

The following presents, by class of loans and leases held for investment, an aging of past due loans and leases, loans and leases which are current and nonaccrual loans and leases at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Nonperforming Loans and Leases

The following presents, by class of loans and leases, nonperforming loans and leases at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans and leases held for investment on nonaccrual status and loans and leases held for investment 90 days or more past due and still accruing as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, $70 thousand of interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans and leases.

The following table presents, by class of loans and leases, the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans and leases and type of collateral as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(1) Collateral consists of business assets, including accounts receivable, personal property and equipment.

(2) Loans fully guaranteed by the SBA or fully reserved given lack of collateral.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Corporation categorizes risk based on relevant information about the ability of the borrower to service their debt. Loans with a relationship balance of less than $1 million are reviewed when necessary based on their performance, primarily when such loans are delinquent. Commercial, financial and agricultural loans, real estate-commercial loans, real estate-construction loans and real estate-residential secured for a business purpose loans with relationships greater than $1 million are reviewed at least annually. Loan relationships with a higher risk profile or classified as special mention or substandard are reviewed at least quarterly. The Corporation reviews credit quality key risk indicators on at least an annual basis and last completed this review in conjunction with the period ended December 31, 2023. The following is a description of the internal risk ratings and the likelihood of loss related to the credit quality of commercial, financial and agricultural loans, real estate-commercial loans, real estate-construction loans and real estate-residential secured for a business purpose loans.

1. Pass—Loans considered satisfactory with no indications of deterioration

2. Special Mention—Potential weakness that deserves management's close attention

3. Substandard—Well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt

4. Doubtful—Collection or liquidation in-full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents the recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment for commercial, financial and agricultural loans, real estate-commercial loans, real estate-construction loans and real estate-residential secured for a business purpose loans by credit quality indicator at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Corporation hadno loans with a risk rating of Doubtful included within recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

The Corporation monitors the credit risk profile by payment activity for the following classifications of loans and leases: real estate-residential secured for personal purpose loans, real estate-home equity secured for personal purpose loans, loans to individuals and lease financings. The Corporation reviews credit quality indicators on at least an annual basis and last completed this review in conjunction with the period ended December 31, 2023. Loans and leases past due 90 days or more and loans and leases on nonaccrual status are considered nonperforming. Nonperforming loans and leases are reviewed monthly. Performing loans and leases are reviewed only if the loan becomes 60 days or more past due.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents the recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment for real estate-residential secured for personal purpose loans, real estate-home equity secured for personal purpose loans, loans to individuals and lease financings by credit quality indicator at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Corporation had no revolving loans which were converted to term loans included within recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases and Recorded Investment in Loans and Leases

The following presents, by portfolio segment, a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses, loans and leases, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. There were no changes to the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the reversion period, or any significant methodology changes during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following presents, by portfolio segment, the balance in the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases disaggregated on the basis of whether the loan or lease was measured for credit loss as a pooled loan or lease or if it was individually analyzed for a reserve at March 31, 2024 and 2023:

Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

*Amortized cost excludes $24 thousand and $26 thousand of accrued interest receivable on modified loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding the financial effect on accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

There were no accruing or nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which there were payment defaults during the 12-month period preceding modification for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following presents, by class of loans, the amortized cost and performance status of accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that have been modified in the last 12 months.

As of March 31, 2024, the Bank had commitments to extend credit to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose terms had been modified.

The following presents the amount of consumer mortgages collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

The following presents foreclosed residential real estate property included in other real estate owned at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Lease Financings

The following presents the schedule of minimum lease payments receivable:

Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Corporation has goodwill from acquisitions which is deemed to be an indefinite intangible asset and is not amortized. Changes in the carrying amount of the Corporation's goodwill by business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:

The Corporation also has core deposit and customer-related intangibles, which are not deemed to have an indefinite life and therefore will continue to be amortized over their useful life using the present value of projected cash flows. The following table reflects the components of intangible assets at the dates indicated:

(1) Included within accumulated amortization is a valuation allowance of $18 thousand and $98 thousand on servicing rights at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for core deposit and customer-related intangibles for the remainder of 2024 and the succeeding fiscal years is as follows:

The aggregate fair value of servicing rights was $10.4 million and $17.7 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value of these rights was determined using a discount rate of 12.5% and 12.3% at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The change in the fair value of servicing rights from December 31, 2023 was primarily related to the sale of servicing rights in the quarter.

Changes in the servicing rights balance are summarized as follows:

Activity in the valuation allowance for servicing rights was as follows:

The estimated amortization expense of servicing rights for the remainder of 2024 and the succeeding fiscal years is as follows:

Note 6. Deposits

Deposits and their respective weighted average interest rate at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:

Deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC, which is currently $250 thousand per account owner. The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations over $250 thousand was $245.8 million at March 31, 2024 and $187.0 million at December 31, 2023.

At March 31, 2024, the scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows:

Note 7. Borrowings

The following is a summary of borrowings by type. Short-term borrowings consist of overnight borrowings and term borrowings with an original maturity of one year or less.

The Corporation, through the Bank, has a credit facility with the Federal Home Loan Bank (the FHLB) with a maximum borrowing capacity of approximately $3.2 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. All borrowings and letters of credit from the FHLB are secured by qualifying commercial real estate and residential mortgage loans, investments and other assets. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank had outstanding short-term letters of credit with the FHLB totaling $1.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, which were utilized to collateralize public funds deposits and other secured deposits. The maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB changes as a function of the Bank’s qualifying collateral assets as well as the FHLB’s internal credit rating of the Bank. The available borrowing capacity from the FHLB totaled $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Corporation, through the Bank, holds collateral at the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to provide access to the Discount Window Lending program. The collateral, consisting of investment securities, was valued at $176.4 million and $183.3 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Corporation hadno outstanding borrowings under the Discount Window Lending program.

The Corporation has a $10.0 million committed line of credit with a correspondent bank. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Corporation hadno outstanding borrowings under this line.

The Corporation and the Bank had $3.4 billion of committed borrowing capacity at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, of which $2.1 billion and $1.9 billion was available as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Corporation, through the Bank, also maintained uncommitted funding sources from correspondent banks of $334.0 million at March 31, 2024 and $369.0 million at December 31, 2023. Future availability under these lines is subject to the prerogatives of the granting banks and may be withdrawn at will.

Long-term advances with the FHLB of Pittsburgh mature as follows:

Note 8. Retirement Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits

Information with respect to the Retirement Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits follows:

The components of net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in other noninterest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

The Corporation expects to make total contributions of $156 thousand to the Retirement Plans and $112 thousand to Other Postretirement Benefit Plans in 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Corporation contributed $39 thousand to its Retirement Benefit Plans and $24 thousand to its Other Postretirement Benefit Plans. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $710 thousand was paid to participants from the Retirement Plans and $24 thousand was paid to participants from the Other Postretirement Benefit Plans.

Note 9. Stock-Based Incentive Plan

On April 26, 2023, the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan) was approved by shareholders. This Plan replaced the Amended and Restated Univest 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan, which expired in April 2023.

The following is a summary of the Corporation's stock option activity and related information for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

The Corporation did not grant any stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or March 31, 2023.

The following is a summary of nonvested restricted stock units at March 31, 2024 including changes during the three months then ended:

Certain information regarding restricted stock units is summarized below for the periods indicated:

The total unrecognized compensation expense and the weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized related to nonvested restricted stock units at March 31, 2024 is presented below:

The following table presents information related to the Corporation’s compensation expense related to stock incentive plans recognized for the periods indicated:

Note 10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes, for the periods presented:

Note 11. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Interest Rate Swaps

The Corporation periodically uses interest rate swap agreements to modify interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed or fixed to variable in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. The Corporation’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps includes changes in fair value and any collateral that is held by a third party.

In May 2022, the Corporation entered into an interest rate swap classified as a cash flow hedge with a notional amount of $250.0 million to hedge the interest payments received on a pool of variable rate loans. Under the terms of the swap agreement, the Corporation pays a variable rate equal to the Prime Rate and receives a fixed rate of 5.99%. The swap matures in May 2026. The Corporation performed an assessment of the hedge for effectiveness at the inception of the hedge and performs an assessment on a recurring basis and determined that the derivative currently is and is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $250.0 million and the fair value was a liability of $8.2 million and $5.8 million, respectively. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, approximately $4.9 million and $3.7 million, net of tax, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, is expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months, respectively. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to March 31, 2024.

Credit Derivatives

The Corporation has agreements with third-party financial institutions whereby the third-party financial institution enters into interest rate derivative contracts with loan customers referred to them by the Corporation. By the terms of the agreements, the third-party financial institution has recourse to the Corporation for any exposure created under each swap contract in the event the customer defaults on the swap agreement and the agreement is in a paying position to the third-party financial institution. These transactions represent credit derivatives and are a customary arrangement that allows the Corporation to provide access to interest rate swap transactions for customers without issuing the swap.

At March 31, 2024, the Corporation had exposure to 136 variable-rate to fixed-rate interest rate swap transactions between the third-party financial institution and customers with a current notional amount of $878.5 million and remaining maturities ranging from 1 month to 11 years. At March 31, 2024, the fair value of the Corporation's interest rate swap credit derivatives was a liability of $120 thousand. At March 31, 2024, the fair value of the swaps to the customers was a net gain of $66.3 million. At March 31, 2024, the Corporation's credit exposure related to customers totaled $739 thousand.

The maximum potential payments by the Corporation to the third-party financial institution under these credit derivatives are not estimable as they are contingent on future interest rates and the agreements do not provide for a limitation of the maximum potential payment amount.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

Derivative loan commitments represent agreements for delayed delivery of financial instruments in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to deliver, at a specified future date, a specified instrument at a specified price or yield. The Corporation’s derivative loan commitments are commitments to sell loans secured by 1- to 4-family residential properties whose predominant risk characteristic is interest rate risk.

Derivatives Tables

The following table presents the notional amounts and fair values of derivatives designated as hedging instruments recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Corporation pledges cash or securities to cover the negative fair value of derivative instruments. Cash collateral associated with derivative instruments are not added to or netted against the fair value amounts.

The following table presents the notional amounts and fair values of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The following table presents amounts included in the condensed consolidated statements of income for derivatives designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated:

The following table presents amounts included in the condensed consolidated statements of income for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated:

The following table presents amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for derivatives designated as hedging instruments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Note 12. Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Corporation determines the fair value of financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy. The Corporation maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Corporation. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Corporation’s assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances, including assumptions about risk. Three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement. Transfers between levels are recognized at the end of the reporting periods.

Level 1: Valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation can access at the measurement date. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2: Valuations are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations are based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities utilizing Level 3 inputs include: financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash-flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the fair value calculation requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Investment Securities

Where quoted prices are available in an active market for identical instruments, investment securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 investment securities include U.S. Treasury securities, most equity securities and money market mutual funds. Mutual funds are registered investment companies which are valued at net asset value of shares on a market exchange at the end of each trading day. Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy includes securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate and municipal bonds and certain equity securities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows. In cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, investment securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Fair values for securities are determined using independent pricing services and market-participating brokers. The Corporation’s independent pricing service utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information for structured securities, cash flow and, when available, loan performance data. Because many fixed income securities do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing service’s evaluated pricing applications apply information as applicable through processes, such as benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings, and matrix pricing, to prepare evaluations. If at any time, the pricing service determines that it does not have sufficient verifiable information to value a particular security, the Corporation will utilize valuations from another pricing service. Management has a sufficient understanding of the third-party service’s valuation models, assumptions and inputs used in determining the fair value of securities to enable management to maintain an appropriate system of internal control.

On a quarterly basis, the Corporation reviews changes, as submitted by the pricing service, in the market value of its security portfolio. Individual changes in valuations are reviewed for consistency with general interest rate movements and any known credit concerns for specific securities. If, upon the Corporation’s review or in comparing with another service, a material difference between pricing evaluations were to exist, the Corporation may submit an inquiry to the current pricing service regarding the data used to determine the valuation of a particular security. If the Corporation determines there is market information that would support a different valuation than from the current pricing service’s evaluation, the Corporation may utilize and change the security's valuation. There were no material differences in valuations noted at March 31, 2024.

Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of our mortgage loans held for sale is based on estimates using Level 2 inputs. These inputs are based on pricing information obtained from wholesale mortgage banks and brokers and applied to loans with similar interest rates and maturities.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based upon the estimated amount the Corporation would receive or pay to terminate the contracts or agreements, taking into account current interest rates and, when appropriate, the current creditworthiness of the counterparties. Interest rate swaps and mortgage banking derivative financial instruments are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Credit derivatives are valued based on credit worthiness of the underlying borrower which is a significant unobservable input and therefore classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Contingent Consideration Liability

The Corporation estimates the fair value of the contingent consideration liability by using a discounted cash flow model of future contingent payments based on projected revenue related to the acquired business. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability is reviewed on a quarterly basis and any valuation adjustments resulting from a change of estimated future contingent payments based on projected revenue of the acquired business affecting the contingent consideration liability will be recorded through noninterest expense. Due to the significant unobservable input related to the projected revenue, the contingent consideration liability is classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. An increase in the projected revenue may result in a higher fair value of the contingent consideration liability. Alternatively, a decrease in the projected revenue may result in a lower estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, classified using the fair value hierarchy:

• Such financial instruments are recorded at fair value as further described in Note 11, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities."

The $120 thousand of credit derivatives liability represented the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA), which is obtained from real-time financial market data, of 136 interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $878.5 million. The March 31, 2024 CVA is calculated using a 40% loss given default rate on the most recent investment grade credit curve.

The contingent consideration liability resulting from the Sheaffer acquisition was calculated using a discount rate of 8.3% on the acquisition date. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Corporation paid $635 thousand in contingent consideration related to this acquisition. The contingent consideration liability was $601 thousand at March 31, 2024. The remaining potential cash payments that could result from the contingent consideration arrangement for the Sheaffer acquisition range from $0 to a maximum of $635 thousand through the period ending November 30, 2024.

• Such financial instruments are recorded at fair value as further described in Note 11, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities."

The $186 thousand of credit derivatives liability represented the CVA, which is obtained from real-time financial market data, of 133 interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $862.8 million. The December 31, 2023 CVA is calculated using a 40% loss given default rate on the most recent investment grade credit curve.

The contingent consideration liability resulting from the Sheaffer acquisition was calculated using a discount rate of 8.3% on the acquisition date. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation paid $653 thousand in contingent consideration related to this acquisition. The contingent consideration liability was $1.2 million at December 31, 2023. The remaining potential cash payments that could result from the contingent consideration arrangement for the Sheaffer acquisition range from $0 to a maximum of $1.3 million through the period ending November 30, 2024.

The following table includes a roll forward of credit derivatives for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents the change in the balance of the contingent consideration liability related to acquisitions for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

The Corporation may be required to periodically measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower of cost or market accounting or changes in the value of individual assets. The following table represents assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The following table presents assets and liabilities not measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis in the Corporation’s condensed consolidated balance sheets but for which the fair value is required to be disclosed at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The disclosed fair values are classified using the fair value hierarchy.

The following valuation methods and assumptions were used by the Corporation in estimating the fair value for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis in the Corporation’s condensed consolidated balance sheets but for which the fair value is required to be disclosed:

Cash and short-term interest-earning assets: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and due from banks, interest-earning deposits with other banks and other short-term investments is their stated value. Cash and short-term interest-earning assets are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Held-to-maturity securities: Fair values for the held-to-maturity investment securities are estimated by using pricing models or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and are classified in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and other stock: It is not practical to determine the fair values of Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and other stock, due to restrictions placed on their transferability.

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The fair value of the Corporation’s mortgage loans held for sale are generally determined using a pricing model based on current market information obtained from external sources, including interest rates, bids or indications provided by market participants on specific loans that are actively marketed for sale. These loans are primarily residential mortgage loans and are generally classified in Level 2 due to the observable pricing data.

Loans and leases held for investment: The fair values for loans and leases held for investment are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using a discount rate based on current interest rates at which similar loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers, adjusted as appropriate to consider credit, liquidity and marketability factors to arrive at a fair value that represents the Corporation's exit price at which these instruments would be sold or transferred. Loans and leases are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy since credit risk is not an observable input.

Individually analyzed loans and leases held for investment: For individually analyzed loans and leases, the Corporation uses a variety of techniques to measure fair value, such as using the current appraised value of the collateral, agreements of sale, discounting the contractual cash flows, and analyzing market data that the Corporation may adjust due to specific characteristics of the loan/lease or collateral. At March 31, 2024, individually analyzed loans held for investment had a carrying amount of $19.7 million with a valuation allowance of $2.0 million. At December 31, 2023, individually analyzed loans held for investment had a carrying amount of $20.7 million with a valuation allowance of $1.8 million. The Corporation hadno individually analyzed leases at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Servicing rights: The Corporation estimates the fair value of servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the interest rates of the portfolios serviced. Servicing rights are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based upon management's assessment of the inputs. The Corporation reviews the servicing rights portfolio on a quarterly basis for impairment and the servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value. At March 31, 2024, servicing rights had a net carrying amount of $5.7 million, which included a valuation allowance of $18 thousand. At December 31, 2023, servicing rights had a net carrying amount of $9.1 million, which included a valuation allowance of $98 thousand.

Goodwill and other identifiable assets: Certain non-financial assets subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis include goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no required valuation adjustments of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets.

Other real estate owned: Other real estate owned (OREO) represents properties that the Corporation has acquired through foreclosure by either accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure, or by taking possession of assets that were used as loan collateral. The Corporation reports OREO at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell, adjusted periodically based on a current appraisal or an executed agreement of sale. Capital improvement expenses associated with the construction or repair of the property are capitalized as part of the cost of the OREO asset. Write-downs and any gain or loss upon the sale of OREO is recorded in other noninterest income. OREO is reported in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OREO had a carrying amount of $19.2 million and $19.0 million, respectively. Other real estate owned is classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based on appraisals, letters of intent or agreement of sale received from third parties.

Repossessed Assets: Repossessed assets represents non-real estate assets that the Corporation has acquired by taking possession of the asset that was used as loan or lease collateral. The Corporation reports repossessed assets at the fair value less cost to sell, adjusted periodically based on a current appraisal provided by a third party based on their assumptions and quoted market prices for similar assets, when available. Write-downs and any gain or loss upon the sale of repossessed assets is recorded in other noninterest income. Repossessed assets are reported in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. At March 31, 2024, repossessed assets had a carrying amount of $167 thousand. The Corporation hadno repossessed assets at December 31, 2023. Repossessed assets are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based on appraisals, letters of intent, agreement of sale or indications of value received from third parties.

Deposit liabilities: The fair values for demand and savings accounts, with no stated maturities, is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (carrying value) and are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair values for time deposits with fixed maturities are estimated by discounting the final maturity using interest rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. Time deposits are classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Short-term borrowings: The fair value of short-term borrowings are estimated using current market rates for similar borrowings and are classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Long-term debt: The fair value of long-term debt is estimated by using discounted cash flow analysis, based on current market rates for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. Long-term debt is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Subordinated notes: The fair value of the subordinated notes are estimated by discounting the principal balance using the treasury yield curve for the term to the call date as the Corporation has the option to call the subordinated notes. The subordinated notes are classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Note 13. Segment Reporting

At March 31, 2024, the Corporation hadthree reportable business segments: Banking, Wealth Management and Insurance. The Corporation determines the segments based primarily upon product and service offerings, through the types of income generated and the regulatory environment. This is strategically how the Corporation operates and has positioned itself in the marketplace. Accordingly, significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of each of these segments. The parent holding company and intercompany eliminations are included in the "Other" segment.

Each segment generates revenue from a variety of products and services it provides. Examples of products and services provided for each reportable segment are indicated as follows:

The following table provides total assets by reportable business segment as of the dates indicated.

The following tables provide reportable segment-specific information and reconciliations to consolidated financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

*Includes an allocation of general and administrative expenses from both the parent holding company and the Bank. These expenses are generally allocated based upon number of employees and square footage utilized.

Note 14. Contingencies

The Corporation is periodically subject to various pending and threatened legal actions, which involve claims for monetary relief. Based upon information presently available to the Corporation, it is the Corporation's opinion that any legal and financial responsibility arising from such claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.