ASCENT INDUSTRIES CO

a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures also include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers concluded as of December 31, 2024 that, based upon the ongoing ineffectiveness of its IT general controls, its disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level due to the material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting discussed below.

(b) Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, its CEO and CFO, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by its Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on its evaluation, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2024.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A material weakness, as defined in the standards established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We previously identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and based upon the continued IT general control ineffectiveness, we have been unable to assess for remediation as of December 31, 2024:

•Information Technology -Management did not design and maintain effective information technology (IT) general controls in the areas of user access, change management, segregation of duties, and cyber-security for systems supporting many of the Company's key financial reporting processes. As a result, IT application controls and business process controls that are dependent on the ineffective IT general controls, or that rely on data produced from systems impacted by the ineffective IT general controls, are also deemed ineffective, which affects substantially all financial statement account balances and disclosures within the Company.

•Inventory - Management did not appropriately design and maintain effective controls over inventory.

•Revenue recognition – Management did not design and maintain effective controls over revenue and accounts receivable.

•Period-end financial reporting, journal entries, reconciliations, and account analyses- Management did not design and maintain effective controls to detect potential material misstatements to period-end financial statements through review of account reconciliations and account analyses on a timely basis. Additionally, management did not design and maintain effective controls over the review of journal entries.

•Complex Accounting - Management did not design and maintain management review controls at a sufficient level of precision around complex accounting areas such as income taxes.

While there were no material misstatements in 2024, these material weaknesses, individually or in the aggregate, could result in misstatements of accounts or disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, management has concluded that these control deficiencies constitute material weaknesses.

Remediation Efforts and Management’s Plan to Remediate the Remaining Material Weakness

The aforementioned material weaknesses were first identified in 2021 and 2022 and while the Company has significantly improved its internal control over financial reporting, the material weaknesses remain un-remediated as of December 31, 2024 due to the continued IT general control ineffectiveness. During the year ended December 31, 2024, management, with oversight from the Company's Audit Committee, continued executing a detailed plan for remediation which includes:

•Enhancing corporate oversight over process-level controls and structures to ensure that there is appropriate assignment of authority, responsibility and accountability as well as maintaining a sufficient number of qualified resources in key personnel areas over the performance and maintenance of the Company's control environment.

•Engaging an external advisor to assist with enhancing, designing, and implementing general information technology controls, including user access provisioning, cyber-security, and segregation of duties.

•Formalizing information technology policies and procedures to ensure that they are current and comprehensive and support the timely execution of information technology processes and control procedures.

•Enhancing review controls for inventory, revenue accounting, financial close processes and complex accounting to ensure accurate reporting and timely disclosures and ensuring evidence is appropriately retained.

•Improving and maintaining effective controls for communicating and sharing information between the operations, accounting, information technology, sales, finance and legal departments to ensure that the accounting department is consistently provided with complete and adequate support, documentation and information, and that matters are resolved in a timely and effective manner.

The Company's remediation efforts will continue throughout 2025. As the Company continues to evaluate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weaknesses, the Company may determine additional remediation measures are necessary. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their cost.

c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than the material weaknesses described above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to have a materially affect, on our internal control over financial reporting.

Moss Adams, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued their report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, which is included in Item 8 under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm."