SOUTHERN CO

Alabama Power's 2023 net income after dividends on preferred stock was $1.37 billion, representing a $30 million, or 2.2%, increase from 2022. The increase was primarily due to a decrease in income tax expense, an increase in Rate CNP Compliance revenues, a decrease in operations and maintenance expenses primarily related to the reliability reserve, and a lower Rate RSE customer refund accrual in 2023 compared to 2022. These increases to net income were offset by an increase in depreciation rates effective January 2023, a decrease in retail revenues associated with milder weather in Alabama Power's service territory in the first and second quarters of 2023 compared to the corresponding periods in 2022, and increases in capacity-related expenses and interest expense. See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power" for additional information.

A condensed income statement for Alabama Power follows:

II-19

Operating revenues for 2023 were $7.1 billion, reflecting a $767 million, or 9.8%, decrease from 2022. Details of operating revenues were as follows:

Retail revenues decreased $311 million, or 4.8%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The significant factors driving this change are shown in the preceding table. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in fuel and other cost recovery, partially offset by an increase in revenues associated with rates and pricing primarily due to an increase in Rate CNP Compliance revenues and a lower Rate RSE customer refund accrual in 2023 compared to 2022.

See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power – Rate ECR," " – Rate RSE," and " – Rate CNP Compliance" for additional information. See "Energy Sales" herein for a discussion of changes in the volume of energy sold, including estimated changes related to sales and weather.

Electric rates include provisions to recognize the recovery of fuel costs, purchased power costs, PPAs certificated by the Alabama PSC, and costs associated with the NDR. Under these provisions, fuel and other cost recovery revenues generally equal fuel and other cost recovery expenses and do not affect net income. See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power" for additional information.

Wholesale revenues from sales to non-affiliated utilities were as follows:

In 2023, wholesale revenues from sales to non-affiliates decreased $302 million, or 41.6%, as compared to 2022. The decrease reflects a 26.0% decrease in the volume of KWHs sold as a result of power sales agreements that ended in May 2023 and a 20.8% decrease in the price of energy primarily as a result of lower natural gas prices.

Wholesale revenues from sales to non-affiliates will vary depending on fuel prices, the market prices of wholesale energy compared to the cost of Alabama Power's and the Southern Company system's generation, demand for energy within the Southern Company system's electric service territory, and the availability of the Southern Company system's generation. Increases and decreases in energy revenues that are driven by fuel prices are accompanied by an increase or decrease in fuel costs and do not affect net income. Short-term opportunity energy sales are also included in wholesale energy sales to non-affiliates. These opportunity sales are made at market-based rates that generally provide a margin above Alabama Power's variable cost to produce the energy.

II-20

In 2023, wholesale revenues from sales to affiliates decreased $142 million, or 70.3%, as compared to 2022. The revenue decrease reflects a 47.7% decrease in the price of energy due to lower natural gas prices and a 42.9% decrease in KWH sales due to lower customer demand as a result of milder weather in 2023.

Wholesale revenues from sales to affiliated companies will vary depending on demand and the availability and cost of generating resources at each company. These affiliate sales and purchases are made in accordance with the IIC, as approved by the FERC. These transactions do not have a significant impact on earnings since this energy is generally sold at marginal cost and energy purchases are generally offset by energy revenues through Alabama Power's energy cost recovery clause.

In 2023, other operating revenues decreased $12 million, or 2.9%, as compared to 2022 primarily due to decreases of $25 million in cogeneration steam revenue associated with lower natural gas prices and $17 million in rent revenues, partially offset by a $34 million increase in unregulated sales of products and services.

(*)Weather-adjusted KWH sales are estimated using statistical models of the historical relationship between temperatures and energy sales, and then removing the estimated effect of deviations from the normal temperature conditions. Normal temperature conditions are defined as those experienced in Alabama Power's service territory over a specified historical period. This metric is useful because it allows trends in historical operations to be evaluated apart from the influence of weather conditions. Management also considers this metric in developing long-term capital and financial plans.

Changes in retail energy sales are generally the result of changes in electricity usage by customers, weather, and the number of customers. Revenues attributable to changes in sales decreased in 2023 when compared to 2022. In 2023, weather-adjusted residential KWH sales decreased 0.9% primarily due to decreased customer usage. Weather-adjusted commercial KWH sales increased 0.4% primarily due to increased customer usage and customer growth. Industrial KWH sales decreased 2.8% as a result of a decrease in demand resulting from changes in production levels primarily in the chemicals and forest products sectors.

See "Operating Revenues" above for a discussion of significant changes in wholesale revenues from sales to non-affiliates and wholesale revenues from sales to affiliated companies related to changes in price and KWH sales.

The mix of fuel sources for generation of electricity is determined primarily by the unit cost of fuel consumed, demand, and the availability of generating units. Additionally, Alabama Power purchases a portion of its electricity needs from the wholesale market.

II-21

Details of Alabama Power's generation and purchased power were as follows:

(a)Excludes Central Alabama Generating Station KWHs and associated cost of fuel through July 12, 2022 as its fuel was previously provided by the purchaser under a power sales agreement. See Note 15 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power" for additional information.

(b)Average cost of purchased power includes fuel, energy, and transmission purchased by Alabama Power for tolling agreements where power is generated by the provider.

Fuel and purchased power expenses were $1.8 billion in 2023, a decrease of $838 million, or 31.7%, compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $674 million decrease in the average cost of fuel and purchased power and a$164 million decrease related to the volume of KWHs generated and purchased.

Fuel and purchased power energy transactions do not have a significant impact on earnings, since energy expenses are generally offset by energy revenues through Alabama Power's energy cost recovery clause. Alabama Power, along with the Alabama PSC, continuously monitors the under/over recovered balance to determine whether adjustments to billing rates are required. See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power – Rate ECR" for additional information.

Fuel

Fuel expense was $1.3 billion in 2023, a decrease of $541 million, or 29.4%, compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a 41.6% decrease in the average cost of natural gas per KWH generated, which excludes tolling agreements, and a 29.1% decrease in the volume of KWHs generated by coal, partially offset by a 21.2% increase in the volume of KWHs generated by natural gas, an 18.9% decrease in the volume of KWHs generated by hydro facilities as a result of less rainfall in 2023, and a 13.6% increase in the volume of KWHs generated by nuclear.

Purchased Power– Non-Affiliates

Purchased power expense from non-affiliates was $253 million in 2023, a decrease of $188 million, or 42.6%, compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a 32.9% decrease in the average cost per KWH purchased primarily due to lower natural gas prices and a 25.5% decrease in the volume of KWHs purchased primarily due to the availability of lower cost generation in the Southern Company system.

Energy purchases from non-affiliates will vary depending on the market prices of wholesale energy as compared to the cost of the Southern Company system's generation, demand for energy within the Southern Company system's electric service territory, and the availability of the Southern Company system's generation.

Purchased Power– Affiliates

Purchased power expense from affiliateswas $251 million in 2023, a decrease of $109 million, or 30.3%, compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a 51.4% decrease in theaverage cost per KWH purchased primarilydue to lower natural gas prices, partially offset by a 43.4% increase in the volume of KWHs purchased due to the availability of lower cost gas generation in the Southern Company system.

II-22

Energy purchases from affiliates will vary depending on demand for energy and the availability and cost of generating resources at each company within the Southern Company system. These purchases are made in accordance with the IIC or other contractual agreements, as approved by the FERC.

Other operations and maintenance expenses decreased $166 million, or 8.6%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The change was primarily due to a decrease of $189 million associated with the reliability reserve accruals and reliability-related expenditures incurred, as well as decreases of $33 million in transmission and distribution expenses and $21 million in certain employee compensation and benefit expenses. These decreases were partially offset by increases of $30 million in technology infrastructure and application production costs and $25 million in expenses related to unregulated products and services, as well as a $14 million decrease in nuclear property insurance refunds. See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power – Reliability Reserve Accounting Order" for additional information.

Depreciation and amortization increased $526 million, or 60.1%, in 2023 as compared to 2022 primarily due to an increase in depreciation rates effective in 2023. See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power – Rate CNP Depreciation" for additional information.

Allowance for equity funds used during construction increased $12 million, or 17.1%, in 2023 as compared to 2022 primarily due to increases in capital expenditures related to hydro production and Plant Barry Unit 8 construction. See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power – Rate CNP New Plant" for additional information.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized increased $43 million, or 11.3%, in 2023 as compared to 2022. The increase reflects approximately $30 million related to higher average outstanding borrowings and $20 million related to higher interest rates. See Note 8 to the financial statements for additional information.

Other income (expense), net increased $15 million, or 10.4%, in 2023 as compared to 2022 primarily due to a decrease in non-operating benefit-related expenses and an increase in interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-service cost-related retirement benefits income. See Note 11 to the financial statements for additional information.

Income taxes decreased $342 million, or 80.9%, in 2023 as compared to 2022 primarily due to a $252 million increase in the flowback of certain excess deferred income taxes and an $84 million decrease due to lower pre-tax earnings. See Note 2 to the financial statements under "Alabama Power – Excess Accumulated Deferred Income Tax Accounting Order" and Note 10 to the financial statements for additional information.