MUELLER INDUSTRIES INC

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 –Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

The principal business of Mueller Industries, Inc. is the manufacture and sale of copper tube and fittings; line sets; steel nipples; brass rod, bar, and shapes; aluminum and brass forgings; aluminum impact extrusions; compressed gas valves; refrigeration valves and fittings; pressure vessels; coaxial heat exchangers; and insulated flexible duct systems. The Company also resells brass and plastic plumbing valves, plastic fittings, malleable iron fittings, faucets, and plumbing specialty products. The Company markets its products to the HVAC, plumbing, refrigeration, hardware, and other industries. Mueller’s operations are located throughout the United States and in Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, South Korea, the Middle East, and China.

Fiscal Years

The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday of December and consisted of 52 weeks in 2023, 53 weeks in 2022, and 52 weeks in 2021. These dates were December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 25, 2021.

Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Mueller Industries, Inc. and its majority-owned subsidiaries. The noncontrolling interests represent a private ownership interest of 40 percent of Jungwoo Metal Ind. Co., LTD (Jungwoo-Mueller) and 45 percent of Mueller Middle East WLL (Mueller Middle East). The Company records the results of Jungwoo-Mueller one month in arrears in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Common Stock Split

On September 26, 2023, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 100,000,000 to 250,000,000. Subsequently, the Company’s Board of Directors announced atwo-for-one stock split of its common stock effected in the form of a stock dividend of one share for each outstanding share. The record date for the stock split was October 6, 2023, and the additional shares were distributed on October 20, 2023. Shares authorized in prior periods are not adjusted. All other references to share and per share amounts presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements and this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the stock split.

Revenue Recognition

Given the nature of the Company’s business and product offerings, sales transactions with customers are generally comprised of a single performance obligation that involves delivery of the products identified in the contracts with customers. Performance obligations are generally satisfied at the point in time of shipment and payment is generally due within 60 days. Variable consideration is estimated for future rebates on certain product lines and product returns. The Company records variable consideration as an adjustment to the transaction price in the period it is incurred. Since variable consideration is settled within a short period of time, the time value of money is not significant. The cost of shipping product to customers is expensed as incurred as a component of cost of goods sold.

The Company’s Domestic Piping Systems Group engages in certain transactions where it acts as an agent. Revenue from these transactions is recorded on a net basis.

See “Note 3 – Segment Information” for additional information on disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers.

Acquisitions

Accounting for acquisitions requires the Company to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the purchase price over the net amount allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. While management uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the

Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. The operating results generated by the acquired businesses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income from their respective dates of acquisition. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. See “Note 2 – Acquisitions & Dispositions” for additional information.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Temporary investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. These investments are stated at cost. At December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, temporary investments consisted of money market mutual funds, commercial paper, bank repurchase agreements, and U.S. and foreign government securities totaling approximately $1.01 billion and $329.4 million, respectively.

Amounts included in restricted cash relate to required deposits in brokerage accounts that facilitate the Company’s hedging activities as well as imprest funds for the Company’s self-insured workers’ compensation program. See “Note 4 – Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash” for additional information.

Short-Term Investments

The fair value of short-term investments at December 30, 2023, consisting of marketable securities, approximates the carrying value on that date. These marketable securities are stated at fair value and classified as level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. This classification is defined as a fair value determined using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

During 2023, the Company recognized gains of $41.9 million on short-term investments, of which $17.1 million was realized on the sale of marketable securities and the remaining $24.8 million represents unrealized gains relating to the excess fair value over the related cost basis of the marketable securities as of December 30, 2023.

The fair value of short-term investments at December 31, 2022, consisting of U.S. treasury bills with maturities exceeding three months at the time of purchase, approximates the carrying value on that date. These treasury bills are stated at fair value and are classified as trading securities. The fair value of treasury bills is classified as level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. This classification is defined as a fair value determined using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company routinely grants credit to many of its customers without collateral. The risk of credit loss in trade receivables is substantially mitigated by the credit evaluation process. The Company provides an allowance for receivables that may not be fully collected. In circumstances where the Company is aware of a customer’s inability to meet their financial obligations (e.g., bankruptcy filings or substantial credit rating downgrades), it records an allowance for doubtful accounts against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount it believes most likely will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its historical collection experience and the impact of current economic conditions. If circumstances change (e.g., greater than expected defaults or an unexpected material change in a major customer’s ability to meet their financial obligations), the Company could change its estimate of the recoverability of amounts due by a material amount. Historically, credit losses have been within management’s expectations. The balance for uncollectible accounts was $2.8 million and $2.7 million as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Inventories

The Company’s inventories are valued at the lower-of-cost-or-market. The material component of its U.S. copper tube and copper fittings inventories is valued on a LIFO basis and the non-material components of U.S. copper tube and copper fittings inventories are valued on a FIFO basis. The material component of its U.K. and Canadian copper tube inventories are valued on a FIFO basis. The material component of its brass rod and forgings inventories are valued on a FIFO basis. Certain inventories are valued on an average cost basis. Elements of cost in finished goods inventory in addition to the cost of material include depreciation, amortization, utilities, maintenance, production wages, and transportation costs.

The market price of copper cathode and scrap is subject to volatility. During periods when open market prices decline below net book value, the Company may need to provide an allowance to reduce the carrying value of its inventory. In addition, certain items in inventory may be considered obsolete and, as such, the Company may establish an allowance to reduce the carrying value of those items to their net realizable value. Changes in these estimates related to the value of inventory, if any, may result in a materially adverse impact on the Company’s reported financial position or results of operations. The Company recognizes the impact of any changes in estimates, assumptions, and judgments in income in the period in which it is determined. See “Note 5 – Inventories” for additional information.

Leases

The Company leases certain manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, office space, and equipment. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; expense for these leases is recognized on a straight line-basis over the term of the lease. Most of the Company’s leases includeone or more options to renew up tofive years and have remaining terms ofone to 15 years. These options are not included in the Company’s valuation of the right-of-use assets as the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise the options.

The Company has certain vehicle leases that are financing; however, these leases are deemed immaterial for disclosure. See “Note 8 – Leases” for additional information.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation of buildings, machinery, and equipment is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives ranging from 20 to 40 years for buildings andfive to 20 years for machinery and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their useful life or the remaining lease term.

The Company continually evaluates these assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may warrant revision of the estimated useful life or whether the remaining balance should be evaluated for possible impairment. See “Note 9 – Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net” for additional information.

Goodwill

Goodwill is recognized for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets of businesses acquired. Several factors give rise to goodwill in business acquisitions, such as the expected benefit from synergies of the combination and the existing workforce of the acquired business. Goodwill is evaluated annually for possible impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter unless circumstances indicate the need to accelerate the timing of the evaluation. In the evaluation of goodwill impairment, management performs a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment is not conclusive, management compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and will recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

Fair value for the Company’s reporting units is determined using a combination of the income and market approaches (level 3 within the fair value hierarchy), incorporating market participant considerations and management’s assumptions on revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates and expected capital expenditures. The market approach measures the fair value of a business through the analysis of publicly traded companies or recent sales of similar businesses. The income approach uses a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of reporting units based on expected cash flows (adjusted for capital investment required to support operations) and a terminal value. This cash flow stream is discounted to its present value to arrive at a fair value for each reporting unit. Future earnings are estimated using the Company’s most recent annual projections, applying a growth rate to future periods. Those projections are directly impacted by the condition of the markets in which the Company’s businesses participate. The discount rate selected for the reporting units is generally based on rates of return available for comparable companies at the date of valuation. Fair value determinations may include both internal and third-party valuations. See “Note 10 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” for additional information.

Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Tecumseh

The Company owns a 50 percent interest in an unconsolidated affiliate that acquired Tecumseh Products Company (Tecumseh) and an entity that provides financing to Tecumseh. This investment is recorded using the equity method of accounting, as the Company can exercise significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control the entity. Under the equity method of accounting, this investment is stated at initial cost and is adjusted for subsequent additional investments and the Company’s proportionate share of earnings or losses and distributions.

The Company records its proportionate share of the investee’s net income or loss, net of foreign taxes, one quarter in arrears as income (loss) from unconsolidated affiliates, net of foreign tax, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes, is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. The U.S. tax effect of the Company’s proportionate share of Tecumseh’s income or loss is recorded in income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In general, the equity investment in unconsolidated affiliates is equal to the current equity investment less the investee’s net accumulated losses.

Retail Distribution

The Company owns a 28 percent noncontrolling equity interest in a limited liability company in the retail distribution business. This investment is recorded using the equity method of accounting. The Company records its proportionate share of the investee’s net income or loss one month in arrears as income (loss) from unconsolidated affiliates in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes, is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

The investments in unconsolidated affiliates are assessed periodically for impairment and written down when the carrying amount is not considered fully recoverable. See “Note 11 – Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates” for additional information.

Self-Insurance Accruals

The Company is primarily self-insured for workers’ compensation claims and benefits paid under certain employee health care programs. Accruals are primarily based on estimated undiscounted cost of claims, which includes incurred but not reported claims, and are classified as accrued wages and other employee costs.

Pension Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors qualified and nonqualified pension benefit plans in certain foreign locations. The Company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of the plans as an asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in the funded status recorded through comprehensive income in the year in which those changes occur. The obligations for these plans are determined by actuaries and affected by the assumptions, including discount rates, expected long-term return on plan assets for defined benefit pension plans, and certain employee-related factors, such as retirement age and mortality. The Company evaluates its assumptions periodically and makes adjustments as necessary.

The expected return on plan assets is determined using the market value of plan assets. Differences between assumed and actual returns are amortized to the market value of assets on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of the plan participants using the corridor approach. The corridor approach defers all actuarial gains and losses resulting from variances between actual results and actuarial assumptions. These unrecognized gains and losses are amortized when the net gains and losses exceed 10 percent of the greater of the market value of the plan assets or the projected benefit obligation. The amount in excess of the corridor is amortized over the average remaining service period of the plan participants. For 2023, the average remaining service period for the pension plans was 11 years.

We determine the discount rate (which is required to be the rate at which the projected benefit obligation could be effectively settled as of the measurement date) with the assistance of actuaries, who calculate the yield available on high quality corporate bonds of a term that reflects the maturity and duration of expected benefit payments. See “Note 14 – Benefit Plans” for additional information.

Environmental Reserves and Environmental Expenses

The Company recognizes an environmental liability when it is probable the liability exists and the amount is reasonably estimable. The Company estimates the duration and extent of its remediation obligations based upon reports of outside consultants, internal and third party estimates and analyses of cleanup costs and ongoing monitoring costs, communications with regulatory agencies, and changes in environmental law. If the Company were to determine that its estimates of the duration or extent of its environmental obligations were no longer accurate, it would adjust environmental liabilities accordingly in the period that such determination is made. Estimated future expenditures for environmental remediation are not discounted to their present value.

Environmental expenses that relate to ongoing operations are included as a component of cost of goods sold. Environmental expenses related to non-operating properties are presented below operating income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See “Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies” for additional information.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflects the increase in weighted average common shares outstanding that would result from the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards calculated using the treasury stock method. There were approximately 98 thousand stock-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 30, 2023 because they were antidilutive.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized when differences arise between the treatment of certain items for financial statement and tax purposes. Realization of certain components of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the occurrence of future events. The Company records valuation allowances to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount it believes is more likely than not to be realized. These valuation allowances can be impacted by changes in tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates, and future taxable income levels and are based on the Company’s judgment, estimates, and assumptions regarding those future events. In the event the Company was to determine that it would not be able to realize all or a portion of the net deferred tax assets in the future, it would increase the valuation allowance through a charge to income tax expense in the period that such determination is made. Conversely, if it was to determine that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future, in excess of the net carrying amounts, the Company would decrease the recorded valuation allowance through a decrease to income tax expense in the period that such determination is made.

The Company provides for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties, if any, based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. Tax benefits for uncertain tax positions that are recognized in the financial statements are measured as the largest amount of benefit, determined on a cumulative probability basis, that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an uncertain tax position is established or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, the Company’s effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.

These estimates are highly subjective and could be affected by changes in business conditions and other factors. Changes in any of these factors could have a material impact on future income tax expense. See “Note 16 – Income Taxes” for additional information.

Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are directly imposed on a revenue producing transaction between the Company and its customers, primarily value added taxes in foreign jurisdictions, are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues and costs) basis.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has in effect stock incentive plans under which stock-based awards have been granted to certain employees and members of its Board of Directors. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of selling, general, and administrative expense based on the grant date fair value of the awards. See “Note 18 – Stock-Based Compensation” for additional information.

Concentrations of Credit and Market Risk

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base, and their dispersion across different geographic areas and different industries, including HVAC, plumbing, refrigeration, hardware, automotive, OEMs, and others.

The Company minimizes its exposure to base metal price fluctuations through various strategies. Generally, it prices an equivalent amount of copper raw material, under flexible pricing arrangements it maintains with its suppliers, at the time it determines the selling price of finished products to its customers.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company’s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates. The Company uses derivative instruments such as commodity futures contracts, foreign currency forward contracts, and interest rate swaps to manage these exposures.

All derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, it is either a) designated as a hedge of (i) a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flow to be paid (cash flow hedge) or (ii) the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge), or b) not designated in a hedge accounting relationship, even though the derivative contract was executed to mitigate an economic exposure (economic hedge), as the Company does not enter into derivative contracts for trading purposes. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated, and highly effective as a cash flow hedge are recorded in stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), to the extent effective, until they are reclassified to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of undesignated derivative instruments executed as economic hedges are reported in current earnings.

The Company documents all relationships between derivative instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivative instruments that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow.

The Company also assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivative instruments that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flow or fair values of hedged items. When a derivative instrument is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable of occurring, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively in accordance with the derecognition criteria for hedge accounting.

The Company primarily executes derivative contracts with major financial institutions. These counterparties expose the Company to credit risk in the event of non-performance. The amount of such exposure is limited to the fair value of the contract plus the unpaid portion of amounts due to the Company pursuant to terms of the derivative instruments, if any. If a downgrade in the credit rating of these counterparties occurs, management believes that this exposure is mitigated by provisions in the derivative arrangements which allow for the legal right of offset of any amounts due to the Company from the counterparties with any amounts payable to the counterparties by the Company. As a result, management considers the risk of loss from counterparty default to be minimal. See “Note 7 – Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The fair value of long-term debt at December 30, 2023 approximates the carrying value on that date. The estimated fair values were determined based on quoted market prices and the current rates offered for debt with similar terms and maturities. The fair value of long-term debt is classified as level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. This classification is defined as a fair value determined using market-based inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the liability, either directly or indirectly.

Foreign Currency Translation

For foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, balance sheet accounts are translated at exchange rates in effect at the end of the year and income statement accounts are translated at average exchange rates for the year. Translation gains and losses are included in equity as a component of AOCI. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recognized in selling, general, and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Included in the Consolidated Statements of Income were net transaction losses of $4.4 million in 2023, gains of $1.0 million in 2022, and losses of $0.6 million in 2021.

Use of and Changes in Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Management makes its best estimate of the ultimate outcome for these items based on historical trends and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. Changes in estimates are recognized in accordance with the accounting rules for the estimate, which is typically in the period when new information becomes available to management. Areas where the nature of the estimate makes it reasonably possible that actual results could materially differ from amounts estimated include but are not limited to: pension and other postretirement benefit plan obligations, tax liabilities, loss contingencies, litigation claims, environmental reserves, and impairment assessments of long-lived assets (including goodwill).

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): An Amendment of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The new guidance was issued to improve accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to the (i) recognition of an acquired contract liability, and (ii) payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 for public entities. The updated guidance requires prospective adoption, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the ASU during the first quarter of 2023. The adoption of the ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The new guidance requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. The guidance applies to all public entities and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The updated guidance requires retrospective adoption, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The new guidance was issued to clarify existing guidance measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security and introduce new disclosure requirements for applicable equity securities. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 for public entities. The updated guidance requires prospective adoption, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2 –Acquisitions and Dispositions

2021 Acquisitions

Mueller Middle East

On December 7, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement providing for the purchase of an additional 15 percent equity interest in Mueller Middle East for a total of 55 percent, for approximately $20.0 million. The total purchase price consisted of $15.8 million in cash paid at closing (net of cash acquired), a gain recognized on the settlement of preexisting relationships of $2.6 million, a contingent consideration arrangement of $1.0 million, and the fair value of the Company’s existing investment in the joint venture of $0.7 million. Mueller Middle East, which manufactures copper tube, is headquartered in Bahrain. This business complements the Company’s existing copper tube businesses in the Piping Systems segment. Prior to entering into this agreement, the Company wasthe technical and marketing lead with a 40 percent ownership in a joint venture with Cayan Ventures and Bahrain Mumtalakat Holding Company and accounted for this investment under the equity method of accounting. The Company began consolidating this business for financial reporting purposes in December 2021. Mueller Middle East manufactures and sells copper coils to certain Mueller subsidiaries. Total sales to Mueller subsidiaries were approximately $48.2 million for the period in 2021 prior to consolidation.

H&C Flex

On December 20, 2020, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Hart & Cooley LLC. The transaction closed on January 29, 2021, whereby the Company purchased the Hart & Cooley flexible duct business, which included inventory, manufacturing equipment, and related assets for approximately $15.3 million. The total purchase price consisted of $14.0 million in cash paid at closing and a contingent consideration arrangement of $1.3 million, which was paid in Q3 2021. The Company treated this as a business combination. The acquired business, H&C Flex, is a manufacturer and distributor of insulated HVAC flexible duct systems. It is reported within and complements the Company’s existing businesses in the Climate segment.

Purchase Price Allocations

These acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting whereby the total purchase price was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on respective fair values.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to acquire these businesses, which were financed by available cash balances, as well as the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the respective acquisition dates. The purchase price allocations for all acquisitions have been finalized as of December 30, 2023.

The following details the total intangible assets identified in the allocation of the purchase price at the respective acquisition dates:

2023 Dispositions

Heatlink Group

Effective July 3, 2023, the Company transferred 100 percent of the outstanding shares of Heatlink Group, Inc. and Heatlink Group USA, LLC for an additional 11 percent equity interest in the limited liability company in the retail distribution business. This equity interest, combined with the 17 percent equity interest acquired with the contribution of Die-Mold in 2021, gives the Company a 28 percent equity interest in the limited liability company. Heatlink Group produces a complete line of products for PEX plumbing and radiant systems in Canada and sells these products in Canada and the U.S. and was included in the Piping Systems segment. Heatlink Group reported net sales of $15.6 million and operating income of $1.7 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 compared to net sales of $39.1 million and operating income of $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. As a result of the transaction, the Company recognized a gain of $4.1 million in the third quarter of 2023 based on the excess of the fair value of the consideration received (the 11 percent equity interest) over the carrying value of Heatlink Group. The Company equally weighted an income discounted cash flow approach and market comparable companies approach using an EBITDA multiple to determine the fair value of the consideration received of $26.0 million, which is recognized within the Investments in unconsolidated affiliates line of the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The excess of the fair value of the deconsolidated subsidiary over its carrying value resulted in the gain.

2021 Dispositions

Copper Bar

On October 25, 2021, the Company sold its Copper Bar business for approximately $10.1 million. This business manufactured copper bar products used primarily by OEMs in the U.S. and was included in the Industrial Metals segment. The carrying value of the assets disposed totaled $3.6 million, consisting primarily of inventories and long-lived assets. As a result of the transaction, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $6.5 million on the sale of the business in the Consolidating Financial Statements in 2021.

Die-Mold

On September 2, 2021, the Company entered into a contribution agreement with a limited liability company in the retail distribution business, pursuant to which the Company exchanged the outstanding common stock of Die-Mold for a 17 percent equity interest in the limited liability company. Die-Mold manufactures PEX and other plumbing-related fittings and plastic injection tooling in Canada and sells these products in Canada and the U.S. and was included in the Piping Systems Segment. Die-Mold reported net sales of $10.9 million and operating income of $2.2 million for the year ended December 25, 2021. As a result of the transaction, the Company recognized a gain of $4.7 million based on the excess of the fair value of the consideration received (the 17 percent equity interest) over the carrying value of Die-Mold in 2021. The Company utilized a combination of income and market comparable companies approaches using an EBITDA multiple to determine the fair value of the consideration received of $22.8 million, which is recognized within the Investments in unconsolidated affiliates line of the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The excess of the fair value of the deconsolidated subsidiary over its carrying value resulted in the gain.

Fabricated Tube Products and Shoals Tubular, Inc.

On July 28, 2021, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with J.W. Harris Co., Inc. and Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc., pursuant to which the Company sold the assets of Fabricated Tube Products (FTP) and all of the outstanding stock of STI for approximately $75.7 million. These businesses manufacture and fabricate valves and assemblies, brazed manifolds, headers, and distributor assemblies used primarily by manufacturers of residential heating and air conditioning units in the U.S. and were included in the Climate segment. They reported combined net sales of $37.0 million and operating income of $5.5 million for the year ended December 25, 2021. The carrying value of the assets disposed totaled $32.7 million, consisting primarily of accounts receivable, inventories, and long-lived assets. The carrying value of the liabilities disposed totaled $3.6 million, consisting primarily of accounts payable. As a result of the transaction, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $46.6 million on the sale of these businesses in the Consolidating Financial Statements in 2021.

Note 3 –Segment Information

The Company’s reportable segments are Piping Systems, Industrial Metals, and Climate. Each of the reportable segments is composed of certain operating segments that are aggregated primarily by the nature of products offered as follows:

Piping Systems

Piping Systems is composed of the following operating segments: Domestic Piping Systems Group, Great Lakes Copper, European Operations, Trading Group, Jungwoo-Mueller (the Company’s South Korean joint venture), and Mueller Middle East (our Bahraini joint venture). The Domestic Piping Systems Group manufactures and distributes copper tube, fittings, and line sets. These products are manufactured in the U.S., sold in the U.S., and exported to markets worldwide. Outside the U.S., Great Lakes Copper manufactures copper tube and line sets in Canada and sells the products primarily in the U.S. and Canada. European Operations manufactures copper tube in the U.K. which is sold primarily in Europe. The Trading Group manufactures pipe nipples and resells brass and plastic plumbing valves, malleable iron fittings, faucets, and plumbing specialty products in the U.S. and Mexico. Jungwoo-Mueller manufactures copper-based joining products that are sold worldwide. Mueller Middle East manufactures copper tube and serves markets in the Middle East and Northern Africa. The Piping Systems segment’s products are sold primarily to plumbing, refrigeration, and air-conditioning wholesalers, hardware wholesalers and co-ops, building product retailers, and air-conditioning OEMs.

Beginning in fiscal year 2022, the results of Precision Tube are included in the Industrial Metals segment prospectively as the impact to prior periods was not material. The business was previously reported in the Piping Systems segment. This change was made to reflect the Company’s internal management reporting structure.

As disclosed in “Note 2 – Acquisitions & Dispositions,” during 2023 the Company exchanged the outstanding common stock of Heatlink Group for an additional equity interest in a limited liability company in the retail distribution business, resulting in the deconsolidation of Heatlink Group and the recognition of a$4.1 million gain. This gain is reported within Corporate and Eliminations. The results of Heatlink Group, prior to deconsolidation, were included within the Piping Systems segment.

During 2021, the Company exchanged the outstanding common stock of Die-Mold for an equity interest in a limited liability company in the retail distribution business, resulting in the deconsolidation of Die-Mold and the recognition of a$4.7 million gain. This gain is reported within Corporate and Eliminations. The results of Die-Mold, prior to deconsolidation, were included within the Piping Systems segment.

Industrial Metals

Industrial Metals is composed of the following operating segments: Brass Rod, Impacts & Micro Gauge, Brass Value-Added Products, and Precision Tube. These businesses manufacture brass rod, impact extrusions and forgings, specialty copper, copper alloy, and aluminum tube, as well as a wide variety of end products including plumbing brass, automotive components, valves, fittings, and gas assemblies. These products are manufactured in the U.S. and sold primarily to OEMs in the U.S., many of which are in the industrial, transportation, construction, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning, plumbing, refrigeration, and energy markets.

During 2021, the segment recognized a gain of $6.5 million on the sale of the Copper Bar business.

Climate

Climate is composed of the following operating segments: Refrigeration Products, Westermeyer, Turbotec, Flex Duct, and Linesets, Inc. These domestic businesses manufacture and fabricate valves, assemblies, high pressure components, coaxial heat exchangers, insulated HVAC flexible duct systems, line sets, brazed manifolds, headers, and distributor assemblies primarily for the heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration markets in the U.S.

During 2023 the Company settled the insurance claim related to the August 2022 fire in its Bluffs, Illinois manufacturing operation, resulting in a gain of $19.5 million recognized in the segment.

As disclosed in “Note 2 – Acquisitions & Dispositions,” during 2021 the Company sold the assets of FTP and all of the outstanding stock of STI, resulting in a gain of$46.6 million. This gain is reported within Corporate and Eliminations. The results of FTP and STI, prior to the sale, were included within the Climate segment.

During 2021, the segment recognized impairment charges on goodwill and long-lived assets of $2.8 million.

Performance of segments is generally evaluated by their operating income. Summarized product line, geographic, and segment information is shown in the following tables. Geographic sales data indicates the location from which products are shipped. Unallocated expenses include general corporate expenses, plus certain charges or credits not included in segment activity.

During 2023,2022, and 2021, no single customer exceeded 10 percent of worldwide sales.

The following tables represent a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers, along with the reportable segment for each category:

Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers (continued):

Summarized segment information is as follows:

Segment information (continued):

Summarized geographic information is as follows:

Note 4 –Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Note 5 –Inventories

Inventories valued using the LIFO method totaled $20.2 million at December 30, 2023 and $16.5 million at December 31, 2022. At December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the approximate FIFO cost of such inventories was $122.9 million and $117.3 million, respectively.

At the end of 2023 and 2022, the FIFO value of inventory consigned to others was $19.8 million and $14.3 million, respectively.

Note 6 –Consolidated Financial Statement Details

Other Current Liabilities

Included inother current liabilities as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were the following: (i) customer rebates of $78.8 million and $82.3 million, respectively, (ii) current taxes payable of $22.8 million and $24.6 million, respectively, and (iii) current environmental liabilities of $3.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively. Additionally, the balance at December 31, 2022 includes a pension withdrawal liability of $13.1 million that was paid in 2023.

Other Income, Net

Note 7 –Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company’s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates. The Company uses derivative instruments such as commodity futures contracts, foreign currency forward contracts, and interest rate swaps to manage these exposures.

Commodity Futures Contracts

Copper and brass represent the largest component of the Company’s variable costs of production. The cost of these materials is subject to global market fluctuations caused by factors beyond the Company’s control. The Company occasionally enters into forward fixed-price arrangements with certain customers; the risk of these arrangements is generally managed with commodity futures contracts. These futures contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges.

At December 30, 2023, the Company held open futures contracts to purchase approximately $5.8 million of copper over the next twelve months related to fixed price sales orders. The fair value of those futures contracts was a $0.1 million net gain position, which was determined by obtaining quoted market prices (level 1 within the fair value hierarchy). In the next 12 months, the Company will reclassify into earnings realized gains or losses relating to cash flow hedges. At December 30, 2023, this amount was approximately $0.1 million of deferred net gains, net of tax.

The Company may also enter into futures contracts to protect the value of inventory against market fluctuations. At December 30, 2023, the Company held open futures contracts to sell approximately $61.3 million of copper over the next twelve months related to copper inventory. The fair value of those futures contracts was a $0.2 million net loss position, which was determined by obtaining quoted market prices (level 1 within the fair value hierarchy).

The Company presents its derivative assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a net basis by counterparty. The following table summarizes the location and fair value of the derivative instruments and disaggregates the net derivative assets and liabilities into gross components on a contract-by-contract basis:

(1) Does not include the impact of cash collateral provided to counterparties.

The following table summarizes the effects of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income:

The following tables summarize amounts recognized in and reclassified from AOCI during the period:

The Company primarily enters into International Swaps and Derivatives Association master netting agreements with major financial institutions that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under their respective derivative contracts. Under these master netting agreements, net settlement generally permits the Company or the counterparty to determine the net amount payable for contracts due on the same date and in the same currency for similar types of derivative transactions. The master netting agreements generally also provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with the counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event. The Company does not offset fair value amounts for derivative instruments and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral. At December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had recorded restricted cash in other current assets of $3.2 million and $4.0 million, respectively, as collateral related to open derivative contracts under the master netting arrangements.

Note 8 –Leases

The Company leases certain facilities, vehicles, and equipment which expire on various dates through 2041. The following table includes supplemental information with regards to the Company’s operating leases:

Some of the Company’s leases include variable lease costs such as taxes, insurance, etc. These costs are immaterial for disclosure.

The following table presents certain information related to operating lease costs and cash paid during the period:

Maturities of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

Note 9 –Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net

Depreciation expense for property, plant, and equipment was $34.9 million in 2023, $38.2 million in 2022, and $39.1 million in 2021.

Note 10 –Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows:

Reporting units with recorded goodwill include Domestic Piping Systems Group, B&K LLC, Great Lakes, European Operations, Jungwoo-Mueller, Mueller Middle East, Westermeyer, and Flex Duct. Several factors give rise to goodwill in the Company’s acquisitions, such as the expected benefit from synergies of the combination and the existing workforce of the acquired businesses. With the exception of the Turbotec reporting unit, there wereno impairment charges resulting from the 2023, 2022, or 2021 annual impairment tests as the estimated fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its carrying value. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $2.1 million related to Turbotec, reported within the Climate segment.

Other Intangible Assets

The carrying amount of intangible assets at December 30, 2023 was as follows:

The carrying amount of intangible assets at December 31, 2022 was as follows:

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $5.0 million in 2023, $5.6 million in 2022, and $6.3 million in 2021. Future amortization expense is estimated as follows:

Note 11 –Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Tecumseh

The Company owns a 50 percent interest in an unconsolidated affiliate that acquired Tecumseh and an entity that provides financing to Tecumseh. Tecumseh is a global manufacturer of hermetically sealed compressors for residential and specialty air conditioning, household refrigerators and freezers, and commercial refrigeration applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration compressors, as well as condensing units, heat pumps, and complete refrigeration systems.

The Company’s income (loss) from unconsolidated affiliates, net of foreign tax, for 2023, 2022, and 2021 included net losses of $22.7 million, net gains of $5.2 million, and net losses of $1.7 million, respectively, for Tecumseh.

Retail Distribution

The Company owns a 28 percent noncontrolling equity interest in a limited liability company in the retail distribution business.

The Company’s income (loss) from unconsolidated affiliates, net of foreign tax, for 2023, 2022, and 2021 included net gains of $7.9 million, $4.9 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, for the retail distribution business.

Note 12 –Debt

Credit Agreement

The Company’s Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured $400.0 million revolving credit facility that matures on March 31, 2026. There wereno borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of December 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at the Eurocurrency Rate which is determined by the underlying currency of the Credit Extension or the Base Rate as defined by the Credit Agreement, plus a variable premium. Advances may be based upon the one, three, or six-month interest period. The variable premium is based upon the Company’s debt to total capitalization ratio, and can range from 112.5 to 162.5 basis points for Eurocurrency Rate loans and 12.5 to 62.5 basis points for Base Rate loans. At December 30, 2023, the premium was 112.5 basis points for Eurocurrency Rate loans and 12.5 basis points for Base Rate loans. Additionally, a commitment fee is payable quarterly on the total commitment less any outstanding loans or issued letters of credit, and varies from 15.0 to 30.0 basis points based upon the Company’s debt to total capitalization ratio. Availability of funds under the Revolving Credit Facility is reduced by the amount of certain outstanding letters of credit, which are used to secure the Company’s payment of insurance deductibles, certain retiree health benefits, and other corporate obligations, totaling approximately $28.7 million at December 30, 2023. Terms of the letters of credit are generally renewable annually.

Subordinated Debentures

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company announced the redemption of its Subordinated Debentures due 2027. The full redemption of outstanding debentures occurred on April 15, 2021 for a total of $291.4 million in principal plus accrued interest and a redemption premium of $5.7 million that was expensed during the second quarter.

Jungwoo-Mueller

Jungwoo-Mueller has several secured revolving credit arrangements with a total borrowing capacity of KRW 20.0 billion (or approximately $15.3 million). Borrowings are secured by the real property and equipment of Jungwoo-Mueller.

Covenants contained in the Company’s financing obligations require, among other things, the maintenance of minimum levels of tangible net worth and the satisfaction of certain minimum financial ratios. At December 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

There wasno interest paid in 2023 or 2022. Interest paid in 2021 was $13.9 million.

Note 13 – New Markets Tax Credit Transactions

On October 18, 2016, the Company entered into a financing transaction with Wells Fargo Community Investment Holdings, LLC (Wells Fargo) related to an equipment modernization project at the Company’s copper tube and line sets production facilities in Fulton, MS. Wells Fargo made a capital contribution and the Company made a loan to MCTC Investment Fund, LLC (Investment Fund) under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) program. The NMTC program was provided for in the Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000 (CRTR Act) and is intended to induce capital investment in qualified lower income communities. The CRTR Act permits taxpayers to claim credits against their Federal income taxes for up to 39 percent of qualified investments in the equity of community development entities (CDEs). CDEs are privately managed investment institutions that are certified to make qualified low-income community investments.

In connection with the financing, Wells Fargo contributed to the Investment Fund, and as such, Wells Fargo is entitled to substantially all of the benefits derived from the NMTCs. The Investment Fund then contributed the proceeds to certain CDEs, which, in turn, loaned the funds on similar terms as the Leverage Loan to Mueller Copper Tube Company, Inc. (MCTC), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The proceeds of the loans from the CDEs, including loans representing the capital contribution made by Wells Fargo, net of syndication fees, are restricted for use on the modernization project.

The NMTC is subject to 100 percent recapture for a period ofseven years as provided in the Internal Revenue Code. The Company was required to comply with various regulations and contractual provisions that apply to the NMTC arrangement. Non-compliance with applicable requirements could result in projected tax benefits not being realized and, therefore, require the Company to indemnify Wells Fargo for any loss or recapture of NMTCs related to the financing until such time as the Company’s obligation to deliver tax benefits is relieved. This transaction also included a put/call provision whereby the Company may be obligated or entitled to repurchase Wells Fargo’s interest in the Investment Fund. The Company previously determined the financing arrangement with the Investment Fund and CDEs is a variable interest entity (VIE), and that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and has included the VIE in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In December 2023, Wells Fargo exercised the put option, and as such the Company recognized a gain on the extinguishment of the liability representing Wells Fargo’s interest in the Investment Fund of $7.5 million.

Note 14 –Benefit Plans

Pension and Other Postretirement Plans

The Company sponsors several qualified and nonqualified pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for certain employees. The information disclosed below does not include the pension plan in South Korea, as it it immaterial to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The following tables provide a reconciliation of the changes in the most significant plans’ benefit obligations and the fair value of the plans’ assets for 2023 and 2022, and a statement of the plans’ aggregate funded status:

The following represents amounts recognized in AOCI (before the effect of income taxes):

As of December 30, 2023, $0.2 million of the actuarial net gain and the remainder of the prior service credit will, through amortization, be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost in 2024.

The aggregate status of all overfunded plans is recognized as an asset and the aggregate status of all underfunded plans is recognized as a liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amounts recognized as a liability are classified as current or long-term on a plan-by-plan basis. Liabilities are classified as current to the extent the actuarial present value of benefits payable within the next 12 months exceeds the fair value of plan assets, with all remaining amounts classified as long-term.

As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total funded status of the plans recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows:

The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) are as follows:

During 2022, the Company recognized a curtailment gain of $1.8 million related to one of its postretirement benefit plans.

The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) other than the service cost component are included in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The weighted average assumptions used in the measurement of the Company’s benefit obligations are as follows:

The weighted average assumptions used in the measurement of the Company’s net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

The Company’s Mexican postretirement plans use the rate of compensation increase in the benefit formulas. Past service in the U.K. pension plan will be adjusted for the effects of inflation. All other pension and postretirement plans use benefit formulas based on length of service.

The annual assumed rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits (i.e., health care cost trend rate) is assumed to range from 4.9 to 8.2 percent for 2024, gradually decrease to 4.1 percent through 2040, and remain at that level thereafter. The health care cost trend rate assumption does not have a significant effect on the amounts reported.

Pension Assets

The weighted average asset allocation of the Company’s pension fund assets are as follows:

The pension plan obligations are long-term and, accordingly, the plan assets are invested for the long-term. Plan assets are monitored periodically. Based upon results, investment managers and/or asset classes are redeployed when considered necessary. None of the plans’ assets are expected to be returned to the Company during the next fiscal year. The assets of the plans do not include investments in securities issued by the Company.

The estimated rates of return on plan assets are the expected future long-term rates of earnings on plan assets and are forward-looking assumptions that materially affect pension cost. Establishing the expected future rates of return on pension assets is a judgmental matter. The Company reviews the expected long-term rates of return on an annual basis and revises as appropriate. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was 4.30 percent for 2023 and 5.51 percent in 2022.

The Company’s investments for its pension plans are reported at fair value. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s plan asset investments:

Cash and money market funds – Valued at cost, which approximates fair value.

Pooled liability investments – These funds are primarily invested in U.K. government bonds and highly rated corporate bonds. The level 2 fair value is determined utilizing observable inputs of the underlying assets.

Mutual funds – Valued at the net asset value of shares held by the plans, based upon quoted market prices.

Limited partnerships – Limited partnerships comprise a diversified portfolio of real estate investments which are classified as Level 3 due to a lack of observable inputs existing at the measurement date. Accordingly, the estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for these investments. Limited partnership investments are recorded at estimated fair value based on financial information received from the investment manager. The investment manager determines fair value based upon, among other things, property valuations received from valuation specialists at regular intervals.

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the assets of the plans at fair value:

(1)Approximately 78 percent of mutual funds are actively managed funds and approximately 22 percent of mutual funds are index funds. Additionally,24 percent of the mutual funds’ assets are invested in non-U.S. multi-asset securities and 76 percent in non-U.S. equities.

The table below reflects the changes in the assets of the plan measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (level 3 of fair value hierarchy) during the year ended December 30, 2023:

Contributions and Benefit Payments

The Company does not expect to contribute to the U.K. pension plan, other than to reimburse expenses, and expects to contribute $1.0 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in 2024. The Company expects future benefits to be paid from the plans as follows:

401(k) Plans

The Company sponsors voluntary employee savings plans that qualify under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Compensation expense for the Company’s matching contribution to the 401(k) plans was $4.9 million in 2023, $4.9 million in 2022, and $4.5 million in 2021. The Company match is a cash contribution. Participants direct the investment of their account balances by allocating among a range of asset classes including mutual funds (equity, fixed income, and balanced funds) and money market funds. The plans do not allow direct investment in securities issued by the Company.

U. K. Pension Plan

During 2023, a United Kingdom High Court issued a ruling involving another U.K. company’s defined benefit pension scheme regarding the impact of not obtaining certain documentation under section 37 of the Pension Scheme Act of 2003 could have on plan amendments in relation to the contracting out of state benefit pension. The ruling is subject to appeal and the Company will continue to evaluate this matter. The Company continues to account for it U.K. pension scheme in accordance with all relevant plan agreements and amendments, as they represent the terms that are mutually understood by the employer and plan participants.

Note 15 –Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental

The Company is subject to federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws and regulations. For all properties, the Company has provided and charged to expense $0.7 million in 2023, $1.4 million in 2022, and $5.0 million in 2021 for pending environmental matters. Environmental reserves totaled $18.9 million at December 30, 2023 and $20.5 million at December 31, 2022. As of December 30, 2023, the Company expects to spend $3.8 million in 2024, $0.8 million in 2025, $0.6 million in 2026, $0.7 million in 2027, $0.7 million in 2028, and $12.3 million thereafter for ongoing projects.

Non-operating Properties

Southeast Kansas Sites

The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) has contacted the Company regarding environmental contamination atthree former smelter sites in Kansas (Altoona, East La Harpe, and Lanyon). The Company is not a successor to the companies that operated these smelter sites, but has explored possible settlement with KDHE and other potentially responsible parties (PRP) in order to avoid litigation.

In February 2022, the Company reached a settlement with another PRP relating to these three sites. Under the terms of that agreement, the Company paid $5.6 million, which was previously reserved, in exchange for the other PRP’s agreement to conduct or fund any required remediation with the geographic boundaries of thethree sites (namely, the parcel(s) on which the former smelters were located), plus coverage of certain off-site areas (namely, contamination that migrated by surface water runoff or air emissions from the Altoona or East La Harpe site, and smelter materials located within 50 feet of the geographic boundary of each site). The settlement does not cover certain matters, including potential liability related to the remediation of the town of Iola which is not estimable at this time. The other PRP has also provided an indemnity that would cover third-party cleanup claims for those sites, subject to a time limit and a cap.

Altoona. Another PRP conducted a site investigation of the Altoona site under a consent decree with KDHE and submitted a removal site evaluation report recommending a remedy. The remedial design plan, which covers both on-site and certain off-site cleanup costs, was approved by the KDHE in 2016. Construction of the remedy was completed in 2018. Under the terms of the settlement with the other PRP, the Company expects the operations and maintenance costs for this remedy to be paid for entirely by the other PRP.

East La Harpe. At the East La Harpe site, the Company andtwo other PRPs conducted a site study evaluation under KDHE supervision and prepared a site cleanup plan approved by KDHE. In December 2018, KDHE provided a draft agreement which contemplates the use of funds KDHE obtained fromtwo other parties (Peabody Energy and Blue Tee) to fund part of the remediation, and removes Blue Tee from the PRPs’ agreement with KDHE. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement with the other PRP noted above, the Company expects the remediation to be conducted and paid for entirely by the other PRP, and for that other PRP to negotiate and enter into an agreement with KDHE.

Lanyon. With respect to the Lanyon Site, in 2016, the Company received a general notice letter from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) asserting that the Company is a PRP, which the Company has denied. EPA issued an interim record of decision in 2017 and has been remediating properties at the site. According to EPA,1,371 properties were to be remediated. In August 2023, EPA issued a five-year review indicating that the cleanup of approximately 300 remaining residential properties would be completed in 2026. A record of decision concerning the cleanup is scheduled for May 2025.

Shasta Area Mine Sites

Mining Remedial Recovery Company (MRRC), a wholly owned subsidiary, owns certain inactive mines in Shasta County, California. MRRC has continued a program, begun in the late 1980s, of implementing various remedial measures, including sealing mine portals with concrete plugs in portals that were discharging water. The sealing program achieved significant reductions in the metal load in discharges from these adits; however, additional reductions are required pursuant to an order issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (QCB). In response to a 1996 QCB Order, MRRC completed a feasibility study in 1997 describing measures designed to mitigate the effects of acid rock drainage. In December 1998, the QCB modified the 1996 order extending MRRC’s time to comply with water quality standards. In September 2002, the QCB adopted a new order requiring MRRC to adopt Best Management Practices (BMP) to control discharges of acid mine drainage, and again extended the time to comply with water quality standards until September 2007. During that time, implementation of BMP further reduced impacts of acid rock drainage; however, full compliance has not been achieved. The QCB is presently renewing MRRC’s discharge permit and will concurrently issue a new order. It is expected that the new 10-year permit will include an order requiring continued implementation of BMP through 2034 to address residual discharges of acid rock drainage. At this site, MRRC spent approximately $1.2 million from 2021 through 2023 for remediation, and currently estimates that it will spend between approximately $14.1 million and $16.1 million over the next 30 years and has accrued a reserve at the low end of this range.

Lead Refinery Site

U.S.S. Lead Refinery, Inc. (Lead Refinery), a non-operating wholly owned subsidiary of MRRC, has conducted corrective action and interim remedial activities (collectively, Site Activities) at Lead Refinery’s East Chicago, Indiana site pursuant to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act since December 1996. Although the Site Activities have been substantially concluded, Lead Refinery is required to perform monitoring and maintenance-related activities pursuant to a post-closure permit issued by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management effective as of March 2, 2013. Lead Refinery spent approximately $0.6 million from 2021 through 2023 with respect to this site. Approximate costs to comply with the post-closure permit, including associated general and administrative costs, are estimated at between $1.6 million and $2.2 million over the next 13 years. The Company has recorded a reserve at the low end of this range.

On April 9, 2009, pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) added the Lead Refinery site and surrounding properties to the National Priorities List (NPL). On July 17, 2009, Lead Refinery received a written notice from the EPA indicating that it may be a PRP under CERCLA due to the release or threat of release of hazardous substances including lead into properties surrounding the Lead Refinery NPL site. The EPA identifiedtwo other PRPs in connection with that matter. In November 2012, the EPA adopted a remedy for the surrounding properties and in September 2014, the EPA announced that it had entered into a settlement with thetwo other PRPs whereby they will pay approximately $26.0 million to fund the cleanup of approximately 300 properties surrounding the Lead Refinery NPL site (zones 1 and 3 of operable unit 1) and perform certain remedial action tasks.

On November 8, 2016, the Company, its subsidiary Arava Natural Resources Company, Inc. (Arava), and Arava’s subsidiary MRRC each received general notice letters from the EPA asserting that they may be PRPs in connection with the Lead Refinery NPL site. The Company, Arava, and MRRC have denied liability for any remedial action and response costs associated with the Lead Refinery NPL site. In June 2017, the EPA requested that Lead Refinery conduct, and the Company fund, a remedial investigation and feasibility study of operable unit 2 of the Lead Refinery NPL site pursuant to a proposed administrative settlement agreement and order on consent. The Company and Lead Refinery entered into that agreement in September 2017. The Company has made a capital contribution to Lead Refinery to conduct the remedial investigation and feasibility study with respect to operable unit 2 and has provided financial assurance in the amount of $1.0 million. The remedial investigation and feasibility study remain ongoing. The EPA has also asserted its position that the Company is a responsible party for the Lead Refinery NPL site, and accordingly is responsible for a share of remedial action and response costs at the site and in the adjacent residential area.

In January 2018, the EPA issuedtwo unilateral administrative orders (UAOs) directing the Company, Lead Refinery, andfour other PRPs to conduct soil and interior remediation of certain residences at the Lead Refinery NPL site (zones 2 and 3 of operable unit 1). Subsequent thereto, the Company and Lead Refinery reached agreement with thefour other PRPs to implement thesetwo UAOs, with the Company agreeing to pay, on an interim basis, (i) an estimated $4.5 million (subject to potential change through a future reallocation process) of the approximately $25.0 million the PRPs then estimated it would cost to implement the UAOs, which estimate is subject to change, and (ii) $2.0 million relating to past costs incurred by other PRPs for work conducted at the site, as well as the possibility of up to $0.7 million in further payments for ongoing work by those PRPs. As of year-end, the Company has made payments of approximately $7.6 million related to the aforementioned agreement with the other PRPs. The Company disputes that it was properly named in the UAOs. In March 2022, Lead Refinery entered into an administrative settlement agreement and order on consent with the EPA, along with thefour other PRPs, which involves payment of certain past and future costs relating to operable unit 1, in exchange for certain releases and contribution protection for the Company, Lead Refinery, and their respective affiliates relating to that operable unit. The settlement became effective in September 2022. The Company reserved $3.3 million for this settlement at the end of 2021. In March 2018, a group of private plaintiffs sued the Company, Arava, MRRC, and Lead Refinery, along with other defendants, in civil tort action relating to the site. The Company, Arava, and MRRC have been voluntarily dismissed from that litigation without prejudice. Lead Refinery subsequently answered plaintiffs’ amended complaint, but has filed a motion for partial judgment on the pleadings which remains pending. At this juncture, the Company is unable to determine the likelihood of a material adverse outcome or the amount or range of a potential loss in excess of the current reserve with respect to any remedial action or litigation relating to the Lead Refinery NPL site, either at Lead Refinery’s former operating site (operable unit 2) or the adjacent residential area (operable unit 1), including, but not limited to, EPA oversight costs for which the EPA may attempt to seek reimbursement from the Company, and past costs for which other PRPs may attempt to seek contribution from the Company.

Bonita Peak Mining District

Following an August 2015 spill from the Gold King Mine into the Animas River near Silverton, Colorado, the EPA listed the Bonita Peak Mining District on the NPL. Said listing was finalized in September 2016. The Bonita Peak Mining District encompasses 48 mining sites within the Animas River watershed, including the Sunnyside Mine, the American Tunnel, and the Sunbank Group. On or about July 25, 2017, Washington Mining Company (Washington Mining) (a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Arava), received a general notice letter from the EPA stating that Washington Mining may be a PRP under CERCLA in connection with the Bonita Peak Mining District site and therefore responsible for the remediation of certain portions of the site, along with related costs incurred by the EPA. Shortly thereafter, the Company received a substantively identical letter asserting that it may be a PRP at the site and similarly responsible for the cleanup of certain portions of the site. The general notice letters identify one other PRP at the site, and do not require specific action by Washington Mining or the Company at this time. At this juncture, the Company is unable to determine the likelihood of a materially adverse outcome or the amount or range of a potential loss with respect to any remedial action related to the Bonita Peak Mining District NPL site.

Operating Properties

Mueller Copper Tube Products, Inc.

In 1999, Mueller Copper Tube Products, Inc. (MCTP), a wholly owned subsidiary, commenced a cleanup and remediation of soil and groundwater at its Wynne, Arkansas plant to remove trichloroethylene, a cleaning solvent formerly used by MCTP. On August 30, 2000, MCTP received approval of its Final Comprehensive Investigation Report and Storm Water Drainage Investigation Report addressing the treatment of soils and groundwater from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). The Company established a reserve for this project in connection with the acquisition of MCTP in 1998. Effective November 17, 2008, MCTP entered into a Settlement Agreement and Administrative Order by Consent to submit a Supplemental Investigation Work Plan (SIWP) and subsequent Final Remediation Work Plan (RWP) for the site. By letter dated January 20, 2010, ADEQ approved the SIWP as submitted, with changes acceptable to the Company. On December 16, 2011, MCTP entered into an amended Administrative Order by Consent to prepare and implement a revised RWP regarding final remediation for the Site. The remediation system was activated in February 2014. Costs to implement the work plans, including associated general and administrative costs, are estimated to approximate $0.4 million over the nexttwo years.

United States Department of Commerce Antidumping Review

On December 24, 2008, the Department of Commerce (DOC) initiated an antidumping administrative review of the antidumping duty order covering circular welded non-alloy steel pipe and tube from Mexico for the November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2008 period of review. The DOC selected Mueller Comercial as a respondent in the review. On April 19, 2010, the DOC published the final results of the review and assigned Mueller Comercial an antidumping duty rate of 48.33 percent. On May 25, 2010, the Company appealed the final results to the U.S. Court of International Trade (CIT). On December 16, 2011, the CIT issued a decision remanding the Department’s final results. While the matter was still pending, the Company and the United States reached an agreement to settle the appeal. Subject to the conditions of the agreement, the Company anticipated that certain of its subsidiaries would incur antidumping duties on subject imports made during the period of review and, as such, established a reserve for this matter. After the lapse of the statutory period of time during which U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) was required, but failed, to liquidate the entries at the settled rate, the Company released the reserve. Between October 30, 2015 and November 27, 2015, CBP sent a series of invoices to Southland Pipe Nipples Co., Inc. (Southland), requesting payment of approximately $3.0 million in duties and interest in connection with 795 import entries made during the November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2008 period. On January 26, 2016 and January 27, 2016, Southland filed protests with CBP in connection with these invoices, noting that CBP’s asserted claims were not made in accordance with applicable law, including statutory provisions governing deemed liquidation. The Company believes in the merits of the legal objections raised in Southland’s protests, and CBP’s response to Southland’s protests is currently pending. Given the procedural posture and issues raised by this legal dispute, the Company cannot estimate the amount of potential duty liability, if any, that may result from CBP’s asserted claims.

Guarantees

Guarantees, in the form of letters of credit, are issued by the Company generally to assure the payment of insurance deductibles, certain retiree health benefits, and debt at certain unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are generallyone year but are renewable annually as required. These letters are primarily backed by the Company’s revolving credit facility. The maximum payments that the Company could be required to make under its guarantees at December 30, 2023 were $28.7 million.

Insurance Claims

In August 2022, a portion of the Company’s Bluffs, Illinois manufacturing operation was damaged by fire. Certain inventories, production equipment, and building structures were extensively damaged. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company settled the claim with its insurer for total proceeds of $29.5 million, net of the deductible of $250 thousand. As a result of the settlement with the insurer, all proceeds received and all costs previously deferred (which were recorded as other current liabilities in prior periods) were recognized, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $19.5 million in the second quarter of 2023, or 13 cents per diluted share after tax. The Company received proceeds of $24.5 million and $5.0 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

In March 2023, a portion of the Company’s Covington, Tennessee manufacturing operation was damaged by a tornado. The extent of the damage to inventories, production equipment, and building structures is currently being assessed. The total value of the loss, including business interruption, cannot be determined at this time, but is expected to be covered by property and business interruption insurance subject to customary deductibles. Any gain resulting from insurance proceeds for property damage in excess of the net book value of the related property will be recognized in income upon settlement of the claim. In addition, the Company has deferred recognition of direct, identifiable costs associated with this matter. These costs will also be recognized upon settlement of the insurance claim. As of December 30, 2023, the Company has received advances totaling $10.0 million from the insurance company for this claim.

Other

The Company is involved in certain litigation as a result of claims that arose in the ordinary course of business, which management believes will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. It may also realize the benefit of certain legal claims and litigation in the future; these gain contingencies are not recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 16 –Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes were taxed under the following jurisdictions:

Income tax expense consists of the following:

The difference between the reported income tax expense and a tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes is reconciled as follows:

The Company continues to assert that a portion of the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries are permanently reinvested. No taxes have been accrued with respect to these undistributed earnings or any outside basis differences. The Company has accrued appropriate taxes for any undistributed earnings that are not considered permanently reinvested. The Company has elected to provide for the tax expense related to global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) in the year the tax is incurred.

The Company includes interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense, none of which was material in 2023, 2022, and 2021.

During 2021, the Internal Revenue Service completed its audit of the Company’s 2015 and 2017 tax returns, the results of which were immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The statute of limitations is open for the Company’s federal tax return for 2020 and all subsequent years, and some state and foreign returns are also open for some earlier tax years due to differing statute periods. While the Company believes that it is adequately reserved for possible audit adjustments, the final resolution of these examinations cannot be determined with certainty and could result in final settlements that differ from current estimates.

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

As of December 30, 2023, after consideration of the federal impact, the Company had state income tax credit carryforwards of $1.3 million, all of which expire by 2024, and state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards with potential tax benefits of $5.6 million, after consideration of the federal impact, expiring between 2027 and 2036. The state tax credit and NOL carryforwards were fully offset by valuation allowances.

As of December 30, 2023, the Company had other foreign tax attributes with potential tax benefits of $3.8 million, which have an unlimited life, and attributes with potential benefits of $1.0 million that expire between 2035 and 2039; all of these foreign attributes were fully offset by a valuation allowance. The Company has also recorded a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets related to the book-tax differences in investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

Income taxes paid were approximately $219.6 million in 2023, $238.3 million in 2022, and $132.9 million in 2021.

Note 17 –Equity

The Company’s Board of Directors has extended, until July 2024, its authorization to repurchase up to 40 million shares of the Company’s common stock through open market transactions or through privately negotiated transactions. The Company has no obligation to purchase any shares and may cancel, suspend, or extend the time period for the purchase of shares at any time. Any purchases will be funded primarily through existing cash and cash from operations. The Company may hold any shares purchased in treasury or use a portion of the repurchased shares for its stock-based compensation plans, as well as for other corporate purposes. From its initial authorization in 1999 through December 30, 2023, the Company has repurchased approximately 15.0 million shares under this authorization.

Note 18 –Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has in effect stock incentive plans under which stock-based awards have been granted to certain employees and members of its Board of Directors. Under these existing plans, the Company may grant stock options, restricted stock awards, and performance stock awards. Approximately 1.1 million shares were available for future stock incentive awards at December 30, 2023, comprised of 564 thousand and 561 thousand shares available under the 2019 Incentive Plan and 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, respectively.

During the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 25, 2021, the Company recognized stock-based compensation, as a component of selling, general, and administrative expense, in its Consolidated Statements of Income of $23.1 million, $17.8 million, and $9.8 million, respectively.

The total compensation expense not yet recognized related to stock incentive awards at December 30, 2023 was $52.9 million, with an average expense recognition period of 2.8 years.

The Company generally issues treasury shares when stock options are exercised, or when restricted stock awards or performance stock awards are granted. A summary of the activity and related information follows:

(1)Of the performance stock awards outstanding, there are 856 thousand awards granted in 2021 and 2022 that have the potential to vest at maximum, up to 200% of target. These awards are represented at 100% target and would increase the performance awards outstanding by 856 thousand if they vest at maximum.

(2)Performance awards granted in 2023 are represented at 200% target.

Restricted Stock Awards

The fair value of each restricted stock award equals the fair value of the Company’s stock on the grant date and is amortized into compensation expense on a straight-line or accrual basis over its vesting period based on its vesting schedule. The weighted average grant-date fair value of awards granted during 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $36.88, $31.90, and $22.04, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and unvested awards was $31.3 million at December 30, 2023. The total fair value of awards that vested was $7.7 million, $4.9 million, and $7.0 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Performance Stock Awards

Performance stock awards require achievement of certain performance criteria which are predefined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors at the time of grant. The fair value of each performance stock award equals the fair value of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Performance stock awards are vested and released at the end of the performance period if the predefined performance criteria are achieved.

For all performance stock awards, in the event the certified results equal the predefined performance criteria, the Company will grant the number of shares equal to the target award. In the event the certified results exceed the predefined performance criteria, additional shares up to the maximum award will be granted. In the event the certified results fall below the predefined performance criteria but above the minimum threshold, a reduced number of shares will be granted. If the certified results fall below the minimum threshold, no shares will be granted.

In the period it becomes probable that the minimum threshold specified in the award will be achieved, the Company recognizes expense for the proportionate share of the total fair value of the performance stock awards related to the vesting period that has already lapsed for the shares expected to vest and be released. The remaining fair value of the shares expected to vest and be released is expensed on a straight-line basis over the balance of the vesting period. In the event the Company determines it is no longer probable that it will achieve the minimum threshold specified in the award, all of the previously recognized compensation expense is reversed in the period such a determination is made.

The weighted average grant-date fair value of awards granted during 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $37.63, $32.74, and $21.73, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and unvested awards was $89.7 million at December 30, 2023. The total fair value of awards that vested was $7.0 million and $1.7 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Stock Options

Stock options are generally granted to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to the average of the high and low market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Generally, the awards vest within five years from the grant date. Any unexercised options expire after not more thanten years. The fair value of each option is estimated as a single award and amortized into compensation expense on a straight-line or accrual basis over its vesting period based on its vesting schedule.

The Company estimates the fair value of all stock option awards as of the grant date by applying the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The use of this valuation model in the determination of compensation expense involves certain assumptions that are judgmental and/or highly sensitive including the expected life of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield. Additionally, forfeitures are not estimated at the time of valuation; they are recognized as they occur. The weighted average of key assumptions used in determining the fair value of options granted and a discussion of the methodology used to develop each assumption are as follows:

Expected term – This is the period of time estimated based on historical experience over which the options granted are expected to remain outstanding. An increase in the expected term will increase compensation expense.

Expected price volatility – This is a measure of the amount by which a price has fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate. The Company uses actual historical changes in the market value of its stock to calculate the volatility assumption. Daily market value changes from the grant date over a past period representative of the expected term of the options are used. An increase in the expected price volatility rate will increase compensation expense.

Risk-free interest rate – This is the U.S. Treasury rate for the week of the grant, having a term representative of the expected term of the options. An increase in the risk-free rate will increase compensation expense.

Dividend yield – This rate is the annual dividends per share as a percentage of the Company’s stock price. An increase in the dividend yield will decrease compensation expense.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $6.5 million, $5.9 million, and $3.8 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The total fair value of options that vested was $1.0 million, $1.1 million, and $0.4 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021.

At December 30, 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of all outstanding and currently exercisable options was $20.3 million with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 3.5 years and a weighted average exercise price of $14.78.

Note 19 –Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

AOCI includes certain foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency, net deferred gains and losses on certain derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges, adjustments to pension and other post-employment benefit liabilities, and other comprehensive income attributable to unconsolidated affiliates.

The following table provides changes in AOCI by component, net of taxes and noncontrolling interest (amounts in parentheses indicate debits to AOCI):

Reclassification adjustments out of AOCI were as follows:

Note 20 –Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (1)

(1)The sum of quarterly amounts may not equal the annual amounts reported due to rounding. In addition, the earnings per share amounts are computed independently for each quarter, while the full year is based on the weighted average shares outstanding.

(2)Gross profit is net sales less cost of goods sold, which excludes depreciation and amortization.

Note 21 –Related Party Transactions

The non-controlling interest in the Company’s South Korean joint venture owns 100 percent of a copper tube mill which supplies Mueller affiliates. These affiliates purchased$15.5 million and $22.2 million of product from the supplier in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Payables related to these sales as of December 30, 2023 were $0.8 million.