PITNEY BOWES INC DE

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Pitney Bowes Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (we, us, our, or the company) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

In the third quarter of 2024, we entered into a series of transactions designed to facilitate an orderly wind-down of a majority of the former Global Ecommerce reporting segment. As a result, certain revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are now reported as discontinued operations in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Amounts of the former Global Ecommerce segment that did not qualify for discontinued operations treatment primarily relate to operations that were dissolved or sold, shared services functions and a cross-border services contract. Prior periods have been recast to conform to the current period presentation. For segment reporting purposes, the remaining portion of the former Global Ecommerce segment in continuing operations is now reported as "Other." See Note 4 for further information.

Effective January 1, 2024, we moved the digital delivery services offering from the former Global Ecommerce segment to the SendTech Solutions segment in order to leverage our technology and innovation capabilities to better serve our clients. Prior periods have been recast to conform to the current segment presentation.

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company identified an error and recorded an out of period adjustment of $5 million to correct the understatement of revenue in prior periods, of which $4 million originated in 2020 and prior. The impact of the adjustment is not material to the consolidated financial statements for any interim or annual periods.

Pre-tax income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 includes a benefit of $3 million to correct misstatements related to prior periods. The impact of these misstatements is not material to the consolidated financial statements of the current annual period or for any prior quarterly or annual periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and accompanying disclosures, including the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best knowledge of current events, historical experience and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. These estimates include, but are not limited to, goodwill and intangible asset impairment review, deferred tax asset valuation allowance, income tax reserves, revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, pension and other postretirement costs, allowance for credit losses, residual values of leased assets, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, restructuring costs and loss contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include interest-earning investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Restricted cash included in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1 million and $3 million, respectively. Restricted cash represent cash balances which are legally or contractually restricted.

Investment Securities

Investment securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value due to market conditions (i.e., interest rates) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL), and changes in fair value due to credit conditions recorded in earnings. Purchase premiums and discounts are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the security. Gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities are recorded on the trade date using the specific identification method. There wereno unrealized losses due to credit losses charged to earnings in 2024, 2023, or 2022. Investment securities classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost.

Accounts Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivables are generally due within 30 days after the invoice date. We provide an allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience, the age of the receivables, specific troubled accounts and other currently available information.

Accounts receivables are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible, or when they are 365 days past due, if sooner. We believe that our accounts receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary.

Finance Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type leases, secured loans and unsecured loans. Sales-type leases and secured loans are from financing options provided to clients for Pitney Bowes equipment or leasing of other manufacturers' equipment and are generally due in installments over periods ranging from three tofive years. Unsecured loans comprise revolving credit lines offered to our clients for postage, supplies and working capital purposes. These revolving credit lines are generally due monthly; however, clients may rollover outstanding balances. Interest is recognized on finance receivables using the effective interest method. Annual fees are recognized ratably over the annual period covered and client acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

We provide an allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay and current economic conditions and outlook based on reasonable and supportable forecasts. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary.

Credit approval limits are established based on the credit quality of the client and the type of equipment financed. We cease revenue recognition for lease receivables and unsecured loan receivables that are more than 90 days past due. Revenue recognition is resumed when the client's payments reduce the account aging to less than 60 days past due. Finance receivables are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our finance receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis or net realizable value.

Fixed Assets

Property, plant and equipment and rental equipment are stated at cost and depreciated principally using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which are 50 years for buildings,10-20 years for building improvements, up to 3 years for internal use software development costs,3-12 years for machinery and equipment and 3-6 years for rental equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the remaining lease term. Major improvements that add to the productive capacity or extend the life of an asset are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense. Fully depreciated assets are retained in fixed assets and accumulated depreciation until they are removed from service.

Intangible Assets

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of up to 10 years.

Deferred Costs

Certain incremental costs to obtain a contract are capitalized if we expect the benefit of those costs to be realized over a period greater than one year. These costs primarily relate to contract costs and sales commissions on multi-year equipment sales. Costs are amortized in a manner consistent with the timing of the related revenue over the contract performance period or longer, if renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. Unamortized deferred costs at both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included in other assets, were $28 million. Amortization expense for these costs for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $16 million, $16 million and $15 million, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from multiple sources including sales, rentals, financing and services. Certain transactions are consummated at the same time and can therefore generate revenue from multiple sources. The most common form of these transactions involves a sale or noncancelable lease of equipment, meter services and an equipment maintenance agreement. We determine whether each product and service within the contract should be treated as a separate performance obligation (unit of accounting) for revenue recognition purposes. For contracts that include multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated based on relative standalone selling prices (SSP), which are a range of selling prices that we would sell a product or service to a customer on a separate basis. SSP are established for each performance obligation at the inception of the contract and can be observable prices or estimated. The allocation of the transaction price to the various performance obligations impacts the timing of revenue recognition, but does not change the total revenue recognized. More specifically, revenue related to our offerings is recognized as follows:

Business services

Business services includes mail processing services, shipping subscription solutions and cross-border solutions. Revenue for mail processing services and cross-border solutions are recognized over time using an output method based on the number of parcels or mail pieces either processed or delivered, depending on the service type, since that measure best depicts the value of goods and services transferred to the client over the contract period. Revenue for shipping subscription solutions is recognized ratably over the contract period as the client obtains equal benefit from these services throughout the period. We review third party relationships and record revenue on a gross basis when we act as a principal in a transaction and on a net basis when we act as an agent between a client and vendor. In determining whether we are acting as principal or agent, we consider several factors such as whether we are the primary obligor to the client or have control over pricing.

Support services

Support services includes providing maintenance, professional and subscription services for our equipment and digital mailing and shipping technology solutions. Revenue is allocated to these services using selling prices charged in standalone transactions. Revenue for maintenance and subscription services is recognized ratably over the contract period and revenue for professional services is recognized when services are provided.

Financing

We provide financing for our products primarily through sales-type leases and revolving lines of credit for the purchase of postage and supplies. Financing revenue also includes finance income, late fees and investment income, gains and losses at the Bank. We record financing income over the lease term using the effective interest method. Financing revenue also includes amounts related to sales-type leases that customers have extended or renewed for an additional term. Revenue for these contracts is recognized over the term of the modified lease using the effective interest method. We believe that our sales-type lease portfolio contains only normal collection risk.

Equipment residual values are determined at the inception of the lease using management's best estimate of fair value at the end of the lease term. Fair value estimates are determined based on historical renewal experience, used equipment markets, competition and technological changes. We evaluate residual values on an annual basis or sooner if circumstances warrant. Declines in estimated residual values considered "other-than-temporary" are recognized immediately. Increases in estimated future residual values are not recognized until the equipment is remarketed.

Equipment sales

We sell and lease equipment directly to customers and to distributors (re-sellers) throughout the world. The amount of revenue allocated to the equipment is based on a range of observable selling prices in standalone transactions. Revenue is recognized as control of the equipment transfers to the customer. Revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases is recognized upon shipment for self-installed products and upon installation or customer acceptance for other products. Revenue from the direct sale of equipment is recognized upon delivery for self-installed products and upon installation or customer acceptance for other products. We do not typically offer any rights of return.

Supplies

Supplies revenue includes the sale of supplies for our mailing equipment and is recognized upon delivery.

Rentals

Rentals revenue includes revenue from mailing equipment that does not meet the criteria for as a sales-type lease. We may invoice in advance for rentals according to the terms of the agreement. Advanced billings are initially deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the billing period. Revenue generated from financing clients for the continued use of equipment subsequent to the expiration of the original lease is recognized as rentals revenue.

Shipping and Handling

Shipping and handling revenue and costs are recognized as revenue and cost of revenue as incurred.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development includes research, development and engineering activities relating to the development of new products and solutions and enhancements of existing products and solutions. Costs primarily include salaries, benefits and other employee-related expenses, materials, contract services, information systems and facilities and equipment costs. Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges may include employee severance and related separation costs and facility abandonment and other related charges. Employee severance and separation costs are recognized when a liability is incurred, which is generally upon communication to the affected employee, and the amount to be paid is both probable and can be reasonably estimated. Severance accruals are based on company policy, historical experience and negotiated settlements.

Stock-based Compensation

Compensation expense for stock-based awards is recognized ratably over the service period based on the estimated fair value of the awards expected to vest. Depending on the type of award, the fair value is estimated based on the market price of our common stock on the grant date, less the present value of expected dividends, the Black-Scholes valuation model or Monte Carlo simulation model. We believe that these valuation techniques and the underlying assumptions are appropriate in estimating the fair value of stock awards. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized primarily in selling, general and administrative expense.

Retirement Plans

Net periodic benefit cost includes service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets and the amortization of actuarial gains and losses. Actuarial gains and losses arise from actual results that differ from previous assumptions and changes in assumptions. The expected return on plan assets is based on a market-related valuation of plan assets where differences between the actual and expected return on plan assets are recognized over afive-year period in the U.S. and atwo-year period in the U.K. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive loss, net of tax, and amortized to benefit cost primarily over the life expectancy of plan participants. The funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans is recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment Review

Long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset is compared to the asset's carrying value. The fair value of the asset is determined using probability weighted expected cash flow estimates, derived from our long-term business plan and historical experience, quoted market prices when available and appraisals, as appropriate.

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level as of the beginning of the fourth quarter or sooner if circumstances indicate an impairment may exist. The impairment test for goodwill determines the fair value of each reporting unit and compares it to the reporting unit's carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that reporting unit, goodwill is not impaired. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit, a goodwill impairment loss is calculated as the difference between these amounts, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

Derivative Instruments

We are exposed to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We limit these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures. We may also use derivatives to limit the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations on financial results and manage the related cost of debt. We will not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

Derivatives are measured at fair value and reported as assets and liabilities, as applicable. The accounting for changes in fair value depends on the intended use of the derivative, the resulting designation and the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the risk exposure it is designed to hedge. To qualify as a hedge, a derivative must be highly effective in offsetting the risk designated for hedging purposes. The hedge relationship must be formally documented at inception, detailing the particular risk management objective and strategy for the hedge. The effectiveness of the hedge relationship is evaluated on a retrospective and prospective basis.

The use of derivatives exposes us to counterparty credit risk. To mitigate such risks, we may only enter into agreements with financial institutions that meet stringent credit requirements. We regularly review our credit exposure and the creditworthiness of our counterparties. We have not seen a material change in the creditworthiness of our derivative counterparties.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In estimating the necessity and amount of a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence for each jurisdiction, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies. We adjust the valuation allowance through income tax expense when new information becomes available that would alter our determination of the amount of deferred tax assets that will ultimately be realized.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted-average dilutive effect of common stock equivalents.

We utilize the control number concept in the computation of diluted earnings per share to determine whether potential common stock equivalents are dilutive. The control number used is income from continuing operations. The control number concept requires that the same number of potentially dilutive securities applied in computing diluted earnings per share from continuing operations be applied to all other categories of income or loss, regardless of their anti-dilutive effect on such categories.

Translation of Non-U.S. Currency Amounts

In general, the functional currency of our foreign operations is the local currency. Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside the U.S. are translated at rates in effect at the end of the period and revenue and expenses are translated at average rates during the period. Net deferred translation gains and losses are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Loss Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are routinely defendants in, or party to, a number of pending and threatened legal actions. On a quarterly basis, we review the status of each significant matter and assess the potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal action is considered probable and can be reasonably estimated, we establish a liability for the estimated loss. The assessment of the ultimate outcome of each claim or legal action and the determination of the potential financial exposure requires significant judgment. Estimates of potential liabilities for claims or legal actions are based only on information that is available at that time. As additional information becomes available, we may revise our estimates, and these revisions could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2024

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. We adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of 2024. See Note 3 for further information.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires more detailed information about specified categories of expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact this standard will have on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires additional income tax disclosures, including the rate reconciliation and taxes paid. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently assessing the impact this standard will have on our disclosures.

2. Revenue

Disaggregated Revenue

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by source and timing of recognition:

Our performance obligations for revenue from products and services are as follows:

Business services includes mail processing services, shipping subscription solutions and cross-border solutions. Revenue for mail processing services and cross-border solutions are recognized over time using an output method based on the number of parcels or mail pieces either processed or delivered, depending on the service type, since that measure best depicts the value of goods and services transferred to the client over the contract period. Contract terms for these services initially range fromone tofive years and contain annual renewal options. Revenue for shipping subscription solutions is recognized ratably over the contract period as the client obtains equal benefit from these services throughout the period.

Support services includes providing maintenance, professional and subscription services for our equipment and digital mailing and shipping technology solutions. Contract terms range fromone tofive years. Revenue for maintenance and subscription services is recognized ratably over the contract period and revenue for professional services is recognized when services are provided.

Equipment sales generally includes the sale of mailing and shipping equipment, excluding sales-type leases. We recognize revenue upon delivery for self-install equipment and upon acceptance or installation for other equipment.

Supplies revenue includes revenue from the sale of supplies for our mailing equipment and is recognized upon delivery.

Revenue from leasing transactions and financing includes revenue from sales-type and operating leases, finance income, late fees and investment income, gains and losses at the Bank.

Advance Billings from Contracts with Customers

Advance billings are recorded when cash payments are due in advance of our performance. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. Items in advance billings primarily relate to support services on mailing equipment. Revenue recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 includes $49 million of advance billings at the beginning of the period. Advance billings, current at December 31, 2024 and 2023 also includes $6 million and $7 million, respectively, from leasing transactions.

Future Performance Obligations

Future performance obligations primarily include maintenance and subscription services bundled with our leasing contracts. The transaction prices allocated to future performance obligations will be recognized as follows:

The table above does not include revenue for performance obligations under contracts with terms less than 12 months or revenue for performance obligations where revenue is recognized based on the amount billable to the customer.

3. Segment Information

Our reportable segments are SendTech Solutions and Presort Services. SendTech Solutions includes the revenue and related expenses from physical and digital mailing and shipping technology solutions, financing, services, supplies and other applications to help simplify and save on the sending, tracking and receiving of letters, parcels and flats. Presort Services includes the revenue and related expenses from sortation services to qualify large volumes of First Class Mail, Marketing Mail and Marketing Mail Flats/Bound Printed Matter for postal worksharing discounts.

Other operations includes the revenue and related expenses of our former Global Ecommerce reportable segment that did not qualify for discontinued operations treatment. These operations represent previous operations that were dissolved or sold, certain shared services functions and a cross-border services contract.

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer, who is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), measures segment profitability and performance using adjusted segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). Adjusted segment EBIT is calculated by deducting from segment revenue the related costs and expenses attributable to the segment. Adjusted segment EBIT excludes interest, taxes, general corporate expenses, restructuring charges, goodwill impairment charges and other items not allocated to a particular business segment. Costs related to shared assets are allocated to the relevant segments. Management believes that adjusted segment EBIT provides investors a useful measure of operating performance and underlying trends of the business. Adjusted segment EBIT may not be indicative of our overall consolidated performance and therefore, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated results of operations. The following tables provide information about our reportable segments and a reconciliation of adjusted segment EBIT to income or loss from continuing operations before income taxes.

4. Discontinued Operations

On August 8, 2024, we entered into a series of transactions designed to facilitate an orderly wind-down of a majority of the Company’s Global Ecommerce reporting segment. In connection with the wind-down, an affiliate of Hilco Commercial Industrial, LLC (“Hilco”) subscribed for 81% of the voting interests in the subsidiary, DRF Logistics, LLC owning a majority of the Global Ecommerce segment’s net assets and operations (DRF Logistics, LLC and its subsidiary, DRF LLC, the “Ecommerce Debtors”) for de minimis consideration (the “GEC Sale”), with a subsidiary of Pitney Bowes retaining 19% of the voting interests and 100% of the economic interests. Immediately prior to the GEC Sale, we had various intercompany receivables with the Ecommerce Debtors with an aggregate value of $116 million. After the GEC Sale, those intercompany receivables were converted to third party receivables, for which we have ascribed a fair value ofzero. Subsequent collections, if any, will be recorded when received or collection is assured.

Subsequent to the GEC Sale, the Ecommerce Debtors, at the direction of their own governing bodies, filed petitions to commence Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases and conduct an orderly wind-down of the Ecommerce Debtors (the “GEC Chapter 11 Cases”). As a result of the GEC Chapter 11 Cases, the Company determined that it no longer had control of the Ecommerce Debtors and therefore, the Ecommerce Debtors were deconsolidated. We refer to the GEC Sale, the GEC Chapter 11 Cases and any associated transactions as the “Ecommerce Restructuring”.

In connection with the GEC Chapter 11 Cases, we entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (the “RSA”) with the Ecommerce Debtors. The RSA provides for, among other things, an orderly wind-down of the Ecommerce Debtors, shared services between the Company and the Ecommerce Debtors for a period of time, a global settlement between the Company and the Ecommerce Debtors, and a senior secured, super-priority debtor-in-possession term loan (the “DIP Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $47 million. We provided funding under the DIP Facility of $28 million, which was fully reserved.

In addition, the Company and the Ecommerce Debtors entered into a master settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”), which contemplates the separation of the relationship and transactions among the Company and its subsidiaries and the Ecommerce Debtors, including the settlement and release of claims the Ecommerce Debtors may have against the Company.

On November 25, 2024, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Ecommerce Debtors’ Third Amended Joint Plan of Liquidation (the “Plan”) which incorporated the terms of the RSA and approved the Settlement Agreement. On December 9, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), the Plan became effective in accordance with its terms, substantially consummating the separation of the Company from the Ecommerce Debtors. In December 2024, the Company received $11 million as a partial repayment of the DIP Facility. The remaining balance on the DIP Facility is fully reserved and any future distributions will be recorded as income in the period received.

We account for the investment in the Ecommerce Debtors using the equity method which requires the initial fair value of the investment to be recorded as an asset. We determined that the fair value of our economic interest in the Ecommerce Debtors waszero and is therefore not reflected in our consolidated balance sheet. While we no longer control the management of the Ecommerce Debtors, we retain an economic equity interest therein; however, such interest is not anticipated to receive any recovery or distribution as part of the Ecommerce Restructuring. We nevertheless remain exposed to the economic risks and continued costs applicable to the Ecommerce Debtors through our investment in the DIP Facility.

Financial information of discontinued operations is as follows:

The major categories of assets and liabilities included in assets of discontinued operations and liabilities of discontinued operations are as follows:

5. Earnings per Share (EPS)

The calculations of basic and diluted EPS are presented below. The sum of EPS amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

6. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

7. Finance Assets and Lessor Operating Leases

Finance Assets

All finance receivables are in our SendTech Solutions segment. We segregate our finance receivables into a North America portfolio and International portfolio. Finance receivables consisted of the following:

Maturities of finance receivables at December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Allowance for Credit Losses

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables was as follows:

The table below shows write-offs of gross finance receivables by year of origination.

Aging of Receivables

The aging of gross finance receivables was as follows:

Credit Quality

The extension of credit and management of credit lines to new and existing clients uses a combination of a client's credit score, where available, a detailed manual review of their financial condition and payment history or an automated process. Once credit is granted, the payment performance of the client is managed through automated collections processes and is supplemented with direct follow up should an account become delinquent. We have robust automated collections and extensive portfolio management processes to ensure that our global strategy is executed, collection resources are allocated and enhanced tools and processes are implemented as needed.

Over 85% of our finance receivables are within our North American portfolio. We use a third party to score the majority of this portfolio on a quarterly basis using a proprietary credit score. The relative scores are determined based on a number of factors, including financial information, payment history, company type and ownership structure. We stratify the credit scores of our clients into low, medium and high-risk accounts. Due to timing and other issues, our entire portfolio may not be scored at period end. We report these amounts as "Not Scored"; however, absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account. The credit score is used to predict client payment behaviors and the probability that an account will become greater than 90 days past due during the subsequent 12-month period.

•Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit scores and a predicted delinquency rate of less than 5%.

•Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit scores and a predicted delinquency rate between 5% and 10%.

•High risk accounts are companies with poor credit scores, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent. The predicted delinquency rate would be greater than 10%.

We do not use a third party to score our International portfolio because the cost to do so is prohibitive as there is no single credit score model that covers all countries. Accordingly, the entire International portfolio is reported in the Not Scored category. This portfolio comprises less than 15% of total finance receivables. Most of the International credit applications are small dollar applications (i.e. below $50 thousand) and are subjected to an automated review process. Larger credit applications are manually reviewed, which includes obtaining client financial information, credit reports and other available information.

The table below shows gross finance receivables by relative risk class and year of origination based on the relative scores of the accounts within each class as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Lease Income

Lease income from sales-type leases, excluding variable lease payments, was as follows:

Lessor Operating Leases

We also lease mailing equipment under operating leases with terms ofone tofive years. Maturities of these operating leases are as follows:

8. Fixed Assets

Fixed assets consisted of the following:

Depreciation expense was $110 million, $108 million and $101 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

9. Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

Amortization expense was $5 million, $5 million and $10 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Future amortization expense for intangible assets at December 31, 2024 is as follows:

Actual amortization expense may differ from the amounts above due to, among other things, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, acquisitions, divestitures and impairment charges.

Goodwill

As disclosed in Note 1, in the third quarter of 2024, we entered into a series of transactions designed to facilitate an orderly wind-down of a majority of the former Global Ecommerce reporting segment. Certain operations of the former Global Ecommerce segment that were sold or dissolved prior to 2024 did not qualify for discontinued operations treatment.

During 2023, the performance of our then Global Ecommerce reporting unit, continuing changes in macroeconomic conditions and our long-term outlook for this business were triggering events that caused us to evaluate the Global Ecommerce goodwill for impairment. To assess goodwill for impairment, we determined the fair value of the reporting unit and compared it to the unit's carrying value, including goodwill. We engaged a third party to assist in the determination of the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair value was estimated using a discounted cash flow model based on management developed cash flow projections, which included judgements and assumptions related to revenue growth rates, operating margins, operating income, and a discount rate. The estimates and assumptions were considered Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy. Our assessments indicated that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying value. Accordingly, a goodwill impairment charge of $124 million was recorded in 2023. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting segment are shown in the tables below.

10. Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. An entity is required to classify certain assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the following fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3– Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, may be derived from internally developed methodologies based on management's best estimate of fair value and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect its placement within the fair value hierarchy. The following tables show, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis.

Investment Securities

The valuation of investment securities is based on a market approach using inputs that are observable, or can be corroborated by observable data, in an active marketplace. The following information relates to our classification within the fair value hierarchy:

•Money Market Funds: Money market funds typically invest in government securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other highly liquid, low risk securities. Money market funds are principally used for overnight deposits and are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange.

•Equity Securities: Equity securities are comprised of mutual funds investing in U.S. and foreign stocks. These mutual funds are classified as Level 2.

•Commingled Fixed Income Securities: Commingled fixed income securities are comprised of mutual funds that invest in a variety of fixed income securities, including securities of the U.S. government and its agencies, corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. Fair value is based on the value of the underlying investments owned by each fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, as reported by the fund manager. These mutual funds are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange.

•Government and Related Securities: Debt securities are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available. Debt securities are classified as Level 2 where fair value is determined using quoted market prices for similar securities or benchmarking model derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for identical or comparable securities.

•Corporate Debt Securities: Corporate debt securities are valued using recently executed comparable transactions, market price quotations or bond spreads for the same maturity as the security. These securities are classified as Level 2.

•Mortgage-Backed Securities / Asset-Backed Securities: These securities are valued based on external pricing indices or on external price/spread data. These securities are classified as Level 2.

Derivative Securities

•Interest Rate Swaps: The valuation of interest rate swaps is based on an income approach using inputs that are observable or that can be derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data. These securities are classified as Level 2.

Available-For-Sale Securities

Available-for-sale securities consisted of the following:

Investment securities in a loss position were as follows:

At December 31, 2024, substantially all securities in the investment portfolio were in an unrealized loss position. However, we have the ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery of the unrealized losses or expect to receive the stated principal and interest at maturity. Accordingly, we have not recognized an impairment loss and our allowance for credit losses on these investment securities is not significant.

At December 31, 2024, scheduled maturities of available-for-sale securities were as follows:

The actual maturities may not coincide with scheduled maturities as certain securities contain early redemption features and/or allow for the prepayment of obligations with or without penalty.

Held-to-Maturity Securities

Held-to-maturity securities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $203 million and $265 million, respectively. Held-to-maturity securities include certificates of deposits with maturities less than 90 days and highly-liquid government securities with maturities less thantwo years.

Simple Agreement for Future Equity (SAFE) Investment

In October 2022, we invested $10 million in Ambi Robotics Inc., a robotics solutions company, via a SAFE arrangement. The SAFE investment provides us the right to participate in future equity offerings by Ambi Robotics Inc. The investment was carried at cost and recorded in Other assets. Due to the loss by Ambi Robotics Inc. of a significant customer, in the third quarter of 2024 we determined the investment was impaired and recorded a $10 million impairment charge.

Derivative Instruments

Interest Rate Swaps

We had interest rate swap agreements that matured on December 31, 2024, that effectively converted $200 million of variable rate debt to fixed rates. Under the terms of the interest rate swaps, we paid fixed-rate interest of 0.585% and received variable-rate interest based on one-month SOFR plus 0.1%. The variable interest rates under the term loans and the swaps reset monthly. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and recorded at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Changes in fair value are reflected in AOCL. The impact of these interest rate swaps was as follows:

Foreign Exchange Contracts

In the first nine months of 2023, we had outstanding foreign exchange contracts to minimize the impact on earnings from the revaluation of short-term interest-bearing intercompany loans denominated in a foreign currency. These foreign exchange contracts were not designated as hedging instruments and the revaluation of intercompany loans and the change in fair value of these derivatives were recorded in earnings. The mark-to-market adjustment on these foreign exchange contracts for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was a gain of $4 million and significantly offset the corresponding loss on the revaluation of intercompany loans.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, accounts receivable, loan receivables, derivative instruments, accounts payable and debt. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, loans receivable, held-to-maturity investment securities and accounts payable approximate fair value. The fair value of available-for-sale investment securities and derivative instruments are presented above. The fair value of our debt is estimated based on recently executed transactions and market price quotations. The inputs used to determine the fair value of our debt were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value and estimated fair value of our debt was as follows:

11. Supplemental Financial Statement Information

Selected balance sheet information is as follows:

Activity in the allowance for credit losses, other than finance receivables (see Note 7 for further information) is presented below.

Acquisitions/Divestitures

In 2022, we sold Borderfree for proceeds of $95 million, net of cash transferred, and received additional proceeds of $7 million related to the 2021 sale of Tacit, a U.K. based software consultancy business.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 includes $14 million, $14 million and $4 million of interest income, respectively.

Other expense (income) consisted of the following:

Supplemental cash flow information is as follows:

12. Restructuring Charges

2024 Plan

During the second quarter of 2024, we approved a worldwide cost reduction initiative (the "2024 Plan") to realize cost reductions and improve efficiencies. Under this plan, we eliminated approximately 2,800 positions and incurred charges of $74 million. We expect the 2024 Plan to be complete by the end of the first half of 2025.

2023 Plan

We completed our 2023 Plan in the second quarter of 2024. Under this plan, we eliminated 1,049 positions and recognized cumulative charges of $69 million.

Activity in our restructuring reserves was as follows:

Components of restructuring expense in discontinued operations primarily include severance charges. Components of restructuring expense in continuing operations were as follows:

13. Debt

During 2024, we repaid $178 million of the Notes due March 2028 and made other scheduled principal repayments of $56 million. In January 2025, we redeemed the remaining outstanding balance of the Notes due March 2028 and recognized a loss of approximately $17 million in connection with this redemption.

In August 2024, we amended the credit agreement that governs our secured revolving credit facility and the term loan due March 2026 (the "Credit Agreement") and the note purchase agreement that governs our $275 million notes due March 2028. The amendments, among other things, permit the Ecommerce Restructuring, funding under the DIP Facility, amend certain covenants, including relief for expenses incurred pursuant to the Ecommerce Restructuring, release the guarantees provided by the Ecommerce Debtors and the liens on the assets of the Ecommerce Debtors and reduce the total aggregate amount of permitted borrowings under the revolving credit facility from $500 million to $400 million. The Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants. At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with these financial covenants and there wereno outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Borrowings under our Credit Agreement are secured by assets of the company.

In February 2025, we entered into a new senior secured credit agreement (the "New Credit Agreement"), which provided a $265 million revolving credit facility maturing March 2028, a $160 million term loan maturing March 2028 and a $615 million term loan maturing March 2032. The proceeds were used to repay the outstanding balances of the Term loan due March 2026 and Term loan due March 2028 and for general corporate purposes. Borrowings under our New Credit Agreement are secured by assets of the Company.

Under the New Credit Agreement, the Company is required to maintain (with maintenance tested quarterly) (i) a Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined) of not less than 2.00 to 1.00, (ii) a Consolidated Secured Net Leverage Ratio (as defined) of no greater than 3.00 to 1.00 and (iii) a Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined) of no greater than (a)5.25 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, (b)5.00 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2025 and (c)4.75 to 1.00 for each fiscal quarter ending on or after March 31, 2026.

At December 31, 2024, the interest rate on the term loan due 2026 was 6.7%, the interest rate on the term loan due 2028 was 8.5% and the interest rate on the March 2028 notes was 11.2%.

The PB Bank (the Bank), a wholly owned subsidiary, is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Des Moines and has access to certain credit products as a funding source known as "advances." As of December 31, 2024, there wereno outstanding advances.

Annual maturities of outstanding principal at December 31, 2024 are as follows:

14. Retirement Plans and Postretirement Medical Benefits

Retirement Plans

We provide retirement benefits to eligible employees in the U.S. and outside the U.S. under various defined benefit retirement plans. Benefit accruals under most of our defined benefit plans have been frozen. The benefit obligations and funded status of defined benefit pension plans are as follows:

Information provided in the table below is only for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets:

The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) for defined benefit pension plans were as follows:

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations for defined benefit pension plans recognized in other comprehensive loss were as follows:

In 2024, we conducted a targeted lump-sum campaign for terminated vested participants in the United States and Canada Defined Benefit Plans. As a result of this campaign, the projected benefit obligation of the U.S. Plan was reduced by $122 million or approximately 10% while the assets were reduce by $120 million. In Canada, the projected benefit obligation was reduced by $7 million or approximately 9% and the assets were also reduced by $7 million. As a result of this campaign, we recorded an aggregate settlement charge of $91 million.

Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine year end benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for defined benefit pension plans include:

A discount rate is used to determine the present value of our future benefit obligations. The discount rate for our U.S. pension plans is determined by matching the expected cash flows associated with our benefit obligations to a pool of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the measurement date. The discount rate for our largest foreign plan, the U.K. Qualified Pension Plan (the U.K. Plan), is determined using a model that discounts each year's estimated benefit payments by an applicable spot rate derived from a yield curve created from a large number of high quality corporate bonds. For our other smaller foreign pension plans, the discount rate is selected based on high-quality fixed income indices available in the country in which the plan is domiciled.

The expected return on plan assets is based on the target asset allocation for the applicable pension plan and expected rates of return for various asset classes in the investment portfolio after analyzing historical experience, future expectations of returns and volatility of asset classes.

Investment Strategy and Asset Allocation

The investment strategy for our pension plans is to maximize returns within reasonable and prudent risk levels, achieve and maintain full funding of the accumulated benefit obligation and the actuarial liabilities and earn the expected rate of return while adhering to regulations and restrictions.

Pension plan assets are invested in accordance with our strategic asset allocation policy. Pension plan assets are exposed to various risks, including interest rate risks, market risks and credit risks. Investments are diversified across asset classes and within each class to reduce the risk of large losses and are periodically rebalanced. Derivatives, such as swaps, options, forwards and futures contracts may be used for market exposure, to alter risk/return characteristics and to manage foreign currency exposure. We do not have any significant concentrations of credit risk within the plan assets.

U.S. Pension Plans

Investment objectives and investment managers are reviewed periodically. Target and actual asset allocations for the U.S. pension plans were as follows:

Foreign Pension Plans

Our foreign pension plan assets are managed by outside investment managers and monitored regularly by local trustees and our corporate personnel. Target and actual asset allocations for the U.K. Plan, which comprises 74% of the total foreign pension plan assets, were as follows:

Fair Value Measurements of Plan Assets

The following tables show the U.S. and foreign pension plans' assets, by level within the fair value hierarchy. The plan asset categories presented in the following tables are subsets of the broader asset allocation categories.

United States Pension Plans

Foreign Plans

The following information relates to our classification of investments into the fair value hierarchy:

•Money Market Funds: Money market funds typically invest in government securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other highly liquid, low risk securities. Money market funds are principally used for overnight deposits and are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange.

•Equity Securities: Equity securities are comprised of private commingled funds investing in U.S. and foreign stocks. The commingled funds are not traded on an active market and fair value is based on the value of the underlying securities owned by each fund. These commingled funds are classified as Level 2.

•Commingled Fixed Income Securities: Commingled fixed income securities are comprised of mutual funds that invest in a variety of fixed income securities, including securities of the U.S. government and its agencies, corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. Fair value is based on the value of the underlying investments owned by each fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, as reported by the fund manager. These mutual funds are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively traded on an exchange.

•Government and Related Securities: Debt securities are classified as Level 1 where active, high-volume trades for identical securities exist. Valuation adjustments are not applied to these securities. Debt securities are classified as Level 2 where fair value is determined using quoted market prices for similar securities or benchmarking model derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for identical or comparable securities.

•Corporate Debt Securities: Corporate debt securities are valued using recently executed comparable transactions, market price quotations or bond spreads for the same maturity as the security. These securities are classified as Level 2.

•Mortgage-Backed Securities / Asset-Backed Securities: These securities are valued based on external pricing indices or on external price/spread data. These securities are classified as Level 2.

•Real Estate: include units in open-ended commingled real estate funds. Funds that are valued and traded on a daily basis in an active market are classified as Level 2. Investments that are valued on an annual basis by certified appraisers are classified as Level 3. The valuation techniques used to value Level 3 investments include the cost approach, sales-comparison method and the income approach.

•Diversifiers: comprised of units in commingled diversifier funds that comprise a mix of different asset classes. The underlying investments may not be listed on an exchange in an active market or traded on a daily basis and may fall into all three fair value categories. Accordingly, these securities are classified as Level 3.

•Securities Lending Fund: represents a commingled fund through our custodian's securities lending program. The U.S. pension plan lends securities that are held within the plan to other banks and/or brokers, and receives collateral, typically cash. This collateral is invested in a commingled fund that invests in short-term fixed income securities. This investment is classified as Level 2. This amount invested in the fund is offset by a corresponding liability reflected in the U.S. pension plan's net assets available for benefits.

Investments Valued at Net Asset Value

Represents investments in private equity limited partnerships that are measured at fair value using the Net Asset Value (NAV) per share as a practical expedient and are not categorized in the fair value hierarchy. There is no active market for these investments and the pension plan receives a proportionate share of the gains, losses and expenses in accordance with the partnership agreements. There was a remaining unfunded commitment of $6 million at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. These investments comprise approximately 1% of total U.S. Pension Fund assets at both December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Level 3 Gains and Losses

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets:

Postretirement Medical Benefits

We provide certain employer subsidized health care and employer provided life insurance benefits in the U.S. and Canada to eligible retirees and their dependents. The cost of these benefits is recognized over the period the employee provides credited service to the company. The benefit obligation and funded status for postretirement medical benefit plans are as follows:

(1) Includes a benefit obligation for the U.S. postretirement plan of $73 million and $84 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Pretax amounts recognized in AOCL consist of:

The components of net periodic benefit cost for postretirement medical benefit plans were as follows:

Other changes in benefit obligation for postretirement medical benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive loss were as follows:

The weighted-average discount rates used to determine end of year benefit obligation and net periodic pension cost include:

The discount rate for our U.S. postretirement medical benefit plan is determined by matching the expected cash flows associated with our benefit obligations to a pool of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the measurement date. The discount rate for our Canada postretirement medical benefit plan is determined by matching the expected cash flows associated with our benefit obligations to spot rates along a yield curve developed based on yields of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the measurement date.

The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for the U.S. plan was 6.50% for both 2024 and 2023. The assumed health care trend rate is 7.50% for 2025 and will gradually decline to 5.0% by the year 2035 and remain at that level thereafter. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid.

During 2025, we donot anticipate making contributions to our U.S. pension plans and contributing approximately $7 million to our foreign pension plans.

Savings Plans

We offer a voluntary defined contribution 401(k) plan to our U.S. employees designed to help them accumulate additional savings for retirement. We provide a core contribution to all employees, regardless of if they participate in the plan, and an additional contribution to participating employees based on their eligible pay. Total employer contributions to the 401(k) plan were $26 million and $28 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

15. Income Taxes

(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes consisted of the following:

The (benefit) provision for income taxes from continuing operations consisted of the following:

The benefit for income taxes for 2024 includes a tax benefit of $164 million primarily due to an affiliate reorganization as well as a $6 million benefit related to a state interest valuation allowance release.

The effective tax rate for 2023 includes a benefit of $2 million on the aggregate $124 million goodwill impairment charge as the majority of this charge is nondeductible.

The effective tax rate for 2022 includes a tax benefit of $5 million on the pre-tax gain of $5 million from the Borderfree sale as the tax basis was higher than book basis.

A reconciliation of income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and our provision for income taxes consist of the following:

(1)Includes a benefit of $22 million related to the affiliate reorganization and a benefit of $6 million related to a state interest valuation allowance release for the year ended December 31, 2024 as well as $1 million related to tax resolutions and a benefit of $1 million for tax return true-ups for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(2)Includes a charge of $1 million for a change in tax rates for the year ended December 31, 2024 and a charge of $2 million for a deferred rate change and a charge of $1 million for the establishment of a valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(3)Includes a charge of $2 million for the loss of the GILTI deduction as well as a charge of $2 million for withholding tax for the year ended December 31, 2024 and a benefit of $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 associated with the sale of a business.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets consisted of the following:

The valuation allowance relates primarily to certain foreign, state and local net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards that will more-likely-than-not expire without being utilized.

We have a federal net operating loss carryforward of $301 million as of December 31, 2024, that has an unlimited carryforward period. We have net operating loss carryforwards in international jurisdictions of $394 million as of December 31, 2024, of which $123 million can be carried forward indefinitely and the remainder expire over the next 20 years. We also have net operating loss carryforwards in most states totaling $1 billion that will expire over the next 20 years. In addition, we have tax credit carryforwards of $66 million, of which $51 million can be carried forward indefinitely and the remainder expire over the next 10 years.

As of December 31, 2024, we assert that we are permanently reinvested in our pre-1987 and post-2017 undistributed earnings of $564 million as well as all other outside basis differences. While a determination of the full liability that would be incurred if these earnings were repatriated is not practicable, we have estimated the withholding taxes would be approximately $2 million.

Uncertain Tax Positions

A reconciliation of the amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

The amount of the unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized was $24 million, $26 million and $29 million, respectively.

On a regular basis, we conclude tax return examinations, statutes of limitations expire, and court decisions interpret tax law. We regularly assess tax uncertainties in light of these developments. As a result, it is reasonably possible that the amount of our unrecognized tax benefits will decrease in the next 12 months, and we expect this change could be up to 40% of our unrecognized tax benefits. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in our provision for income taxes. Amounts included in our provision for income taxes related to interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were not significant. We had approximately $4 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties at both December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Other Tax Matters

With regard to U.S. Federal income tax, the Internal Revenue Service examination of our consolidated U.S. income tax returns for tax years prior to 2020 are closed to audit, except for review of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) Sec 965 transition tax. On a state and local level, returns for most jurisdictions are closed through 2019. For our significant non-U.S. jurisdictions, Canada is closed to examination through 2019 except for a specific issue under current exam, and France, Germany and the U.K. are closed through 2019, 2017, and 2022 respectively. We also have other less significant tax filings currently subject to examination.

We regularly assess the likelihood of tax adjustments in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we have operations and account for the related financial statement implications. We believe we have established tax reserves that are appropriate given the possibility of tax adjustments. However, determining the appropriate level of tax reserves requires judgment regarding the uncertain application of tax law and the possibility of tax adjustments. Future changes in tax reserve requirements could have a material positive or negative impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

16. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, we are involved in litigation pertaining to, among other things, contractual rights under vendor, insurance or other contracts; intellectual property or patent rights; equipment, service, payment or other disputes with clients; or disputes with employees. Some of these actions may be brought as a purported class action on behalf of a purported class of customers, employees, or others.

On October 1, 2024, one of the Ecommerce Debtors filed a complaint against Trilogy Leasing Co., LLC (“Trilogy”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas seeking to recharacterize certain Equipment Supplements to which they are parties as disguised financings. On October 8, 2024, we filed a motion to intervene in that proceeding in support of the Ecommerce Debtors' position.

On November 7, 2024, Trilogy and its parent company Kingsbridge Holdings, LLC brought suit against us in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, alleging that we are liable for certain Equipment Supplements that were executed by the Ecommerce Debtors and by Pitney Bowes Presort Services, LLC. On December 16, 2024, we removed the litigation to the Northern District of Illinois based on diversity jurisdiction. Due to uncertainties inherent in litigation, any actions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows; however, in management's opinion, the final outcome of outstanding matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

17. Leased Assets and Liabilities

We lease real estate and equipment under operating and finance lease agreements. Our leases have terms of up to 15 years, and may include renewal options. At lease commencement, a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset is recognized. Lease liabilities represent the present value of future lease payments over the expected lease term, including options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain those options will be exercised. Lease payments include all fixed payments and variable payments tied to an index, but exclude costs such as common area maintenance charges, property taxes, insurance and mileage. The present value of the lease liability is determined using our incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement. Information regarding operating and financing leases is as follows:

Operating lease expense includes immaterial amounts related to leases with terms of 12 months or less.

Future lease payments exclude $1 million of payments for leases signed but not yet commenced at December 31, 2024.

18. Stockholders' Equity

The following table summarizes the changes in shares of Common Stock outstanding and Treasury Stock:

At December 31, 2024,29,499,585 shares were reserved for issuance under our stock plans and dividend reinvestment program.

19. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

(a) Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to income and increases to other comprehensive loss.

(b) Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to other components of net pension and postretirement cost. These amounts are included in net periodic costs for defined benefit pension plans and postretirement medical benefit plans (see Note 14 for additional details).

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, were as follows:

20. Stock-Based Compensation Plans

We may grant restricted stock units, non-qualified stock options and other stock awards to eligible employees. All stock-based awards are approved by the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. We settle stock awards with treasury shares. At December 31, 2024, there were 18,148,363 shares available for future grants.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (RSUs) typically vest ratably over athree-year service period and entitle the holder to shares of common stock as the units vest. RSUs granted in 2023 included 1,513,928 awards subject to a performance target. The following table summarizes information about RSUs:

The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the stock price on the grant date less the present value of expected dividends. At December 31, 2024, there was $2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.0 years. The intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2024 was $15 million. The fair value of RSUs vested during 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $22 million, $12 million and $11 million, respectively. During 2022, we granted 5,280,429 RSUs at a weighted average fair value of $4.82.

In 2024 and 2023, RSUs granted include 226,581 and 222,833, respectively, to non-employee directors. These RSUs vestone year from the grant date.

Performance Stock Units

Performance stock units (PSUs) are stock awards where the number of shares ultimately awarded is based upon the attainment of certain performance targets and total shareholder return relative to peer companies. PSUs vest at the end of athree-year service period.

Stock Options

Stock options are granted at an exercise price equal to or greater than the market price of our common stock on the grant date. Options typically vest ratably over three years and expireten years from the grant date. We didnot grant any options in 2023 or 2022. In 2024, options granted were fully vested. Accordingly, at December 31, 2024, there wasno unrecognized compensation cost. The intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 was $3 million.

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity:

The following table provides additional information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024:

The following table lists the weighted average assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted in 2024:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)

We maintain a non-compensatory ESPP that enables substantially all U.S. and Canadian employees to purchase shares of our common stock at an offering price of 95% of the average market price on the offering date. At no time will the exercise price be less than the lowest price permitted under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. Employees purchased 263,635 shares and 371,982 shares in 2024 and 2023, respectively. We have reserved 3,801,881 common shares for future purchase under the ESPP.

21. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

As a result of the Ecommerce Restructuring in the third quarter of 2024, certain revenues and expenses are now reported as discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accordingly, all prior periods have been recast.

(1)The sum of earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES

(Dollars in thousands)